UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One) |
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QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
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For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2007. |
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o |
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
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For the transition period from to |
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Commission File Number: 001-33440
INTERACTIVE BROKERS GROUP, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware |
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30-0390693 |
(State or other jurisdiction |
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(I.R.S. Employer |
of incorporation or organization) |
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Identification No.) |
One Pickwick Plaza
Greenwich, Connecticut 06830
(Address of principal executive office)
(203) 618-5800
(Registrants telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of accelerated filer and large accelerated filer in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer o |
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Accelerated filer o |
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Non-accelerated filer x |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x.
As of August 13, 2007, there were 40,187,953 shares of the issuers Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding and 100 shares of the issuers Class B common stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding.
INTERACTIVE BROKERS GROUP, INC.
QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTER ENDED JUNE 30, 2007
Table of Contents
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8 |
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Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
24 |
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45 |
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47 |
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49 |
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50 |
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
Introductory Note
On May 3, 2007, Interactive Brokers Group, Inc., a Delaware corporation (IBG, Inc.), priced an initial public offering (the IPO) of shares of its Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the Common Stock). In connection with the IPO, IBG, Inc. purchased 10% of the membership interests in IBG LLC, a Connecticut limited liability company, from IBG Holdings LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, became the sole managing member of IBG LLC and began to consolidate IBG LLCs financial results into its financial statements. Such transactions, collectively referred to herein as the Recapitalization, are described in greater detail in Note 4 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect the historical results of operations and financial position of IBG, Inc., including consolidation of its investment in IBG LLC since May 4, 2007. Prior to May 4, 2007, the date of IBG, Inc.s IPO, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included herein represent the financial statements of IBG LLC and subsidiaries (the Group). The historical unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not reflect what the financial position, results of operations or cash flows of IBG, Inc. or the Group would have been had these companies been stand-alone public companies for the periods presented. Specifically, the historical financial statements of the Group do not give effect to the following matters:
· The Recapitalization;
· U.S. corporate federal income taxes; and
· Minority interest held by IBG Holdings LLC.
As a consequence, earnings per share information reported in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2007 reflect only the net income available for common stockholders for the period from May 4, 2007 through June 30, 2007, as detailed in Note 4. The unaudited pro forma earnings per share data for the full three month and six month periods ended June 30, 2007 reported in Part 1, Item 2 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q entitled MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS present earnings per share giving pro forma effect to income taxes and minority interest as if the Recapitalization and the IPO had been completed as of January 1, 2006 with respect to the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income data.
3
Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition
(Unaudited)
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June 30, |
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December 31, |
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(in thousands) |
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2007 |
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2006 |
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Assets |
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Cash and cash equivalents |
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$ |
868,586 |
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$ |
669,271 |
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Cash and securities - segregated for regulatory purposes |
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4,416,956 |
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3,111,795 |
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Securities borrowed |
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8,117,883 |
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10,479,231 |
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Securities purchased under agreements to resell |
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97,740 |
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Trading assets, at fair value: |
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Financial instruments owned |
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9,284,718 |
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7,485,879 |
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Financial instruments owned and pledged as collateral |
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5,597,448 |
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8,331,923 |
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14,882,166 |
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15,817,802 |
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Other receivables: |
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Customers, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $969 at June 30, 2007 and $1,031 at December 31, 2006 |
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1,295,173 |
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848,448 |
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Brokers, dealers and clearing organizations |
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3,474,928 |
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856,957 |
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Interest |
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73,520 |
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62,772 |
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4,843,621 |
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1,768,177 |
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Other assets |
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415,611 |
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136,502 |
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Total assets |
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$ |
33,544,823 |
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$ |
32,080,518 |
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Liabilities, redeemable members interests and stockholders equity |
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Liabilities: |
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Trading liabilities - financial instruments sold but not yet purchased, at fair value |
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$ |
15,938,278 |
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$ |
14,785,617 |
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Securities loaned |
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5,184,986 |
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8,026,468 |
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Short-term borrowings |
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1,246,085 |
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1,296,909 |
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Other payables: |
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Customers |
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5,740,710 |
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3,914,037 |
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Brokers, dealers and clearing organizations |
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1,660,773 |
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743,339 |
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Payable to affiliate |
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211,095 |
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- |
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Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities |
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173,872 |
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161,812 |
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Interest |
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51,801 |
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49,821 |
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7,838,251 |
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4,869,009 |
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Senior notes payable |
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154,698 |
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150,598 |
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Senior secured credit facility |
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150,000 |
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150,000 |
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Minority interest |
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2,688,042 |
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Commitments, contingencies and guarantees |
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Redeemable members interests, including accumulated other comprehensive income of $98,568 |
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2,801,917 |
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Stockholders equity, including accumulated other comprehensive income of ($114) |
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344,483 |
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Total liabilities, redeemable members interests and stockholders equity |
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$ |
33,544,823 |
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$ |
32,080,518 |
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See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
4
Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income
(Unaudited)
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Three months ended June 30, |
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Six months ended June 30, |
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(in thousands, except for shares or per share amounts, unless |
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2007 |
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2006 |
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2007 |
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2006 |
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Revenues: |
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Trading gains |
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$ |
150,298 |
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$ |
176,214 |
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$ |
349,101 |
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$ |
401,583 |
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Commissions and execution fees |
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60,285 |
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45,777 |
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116,620 |
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85,141 |
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Interest income |
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205,091 |
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160,489 |
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389,610 |
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292,564 |
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Other income |
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22,605 |
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21,009 |
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47,293 |
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46,573 |
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Total revenues |
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438,279 |
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403,489 |
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902,624 |
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825,861 |
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Interest expense |
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143,547 |
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112,701 |
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277,083 |
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206,504 |
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Total net revenues |
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294,732 |
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290,788 |
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625,541 |
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619,357 |
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Non-interest expenses: |
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Execution and clearing |
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81,374 |
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82,809 |
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171,494 |
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154,117 |
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Employee compensation and benefits |
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28,880 |
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27,120 |
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61,674 |
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55,807 |
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Occupancy, depreciation and amortization |
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6,461 |
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6,137 |
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12,418 |
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11,717 |
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Communications |
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3,471 |
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3,175 |
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6,935 |
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5,866 |
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General and administrative |
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9,893 |
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7,124 |
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18,029 |
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12,068 |
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Total non-interest expenses |
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130,079 |
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126,365 |
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270,550 |
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239,575 |
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Income before income taxes and minority interest |
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164,653 |
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164,423 |
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354,991 |
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379,782 |
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Income tax expense |
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5,504 |
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6,569 |
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11,647 |
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15,753 |
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Minority interest subsequent to May 3, 2007 |
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(84,006 |
) |
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(84,006 |
) |
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Net income |
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$ |
75,143 |
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$ |
157,854 |
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$ |
259,338 |
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$ |
364,029 |
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Net Income and earnings per share for the period from May 4, 2007 through June 30, 2007: |
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Net income available for common stockholders |
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$ |
7,006 |
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$ |
7,006 |
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Earnings per share (Note 4): |
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Basic |
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$ |
0.17 |
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$ |
0.17 |
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Diluted |
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$ |
0.17 |
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$ |
0.17 |
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Weighted average common shares outstanding: |
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Basic |
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40,188,053 |
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40,188,053 |
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Diluted |
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401,363,708 |
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401,363,708 |
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See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
5
Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited)
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Six months ended June 30, |
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(in thousands) |
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2007 |
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2006 |
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Cash flows from operating activities: |
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Net income |
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$ |
7,006 |
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$ |
364,029 |
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Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by in operating activities: |
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Translation (gains) losses |
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(26,444 |
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58,753 |
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Deferred income taxes |
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5,467 |
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Depreciation and amortization |
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5,951 |
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6,745 |
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Minority interest (income allocable to members of IBG LLC prior to May 4, 2007) |
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336,338 |
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Employee stock plan compensation |
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5,640 |
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(Gains) losses on non-trading investments, net |
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(5,491 |
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241 |
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Other |
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497 |
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37 |
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Change in operating assets and liabilities: |
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Increase in cash and securities - segregated for regulatory purposes |
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(1,304,594 |
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(449,825 |
) |
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Decrease (increase) in securities borrowed |
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2,423,299 |
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(2,312,300 |
) |
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Decrease (increase) in securities purchased under agreements to resell |
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97,740 |
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(40,200 |
) |
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Decrease (increase) in trading assets |
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1,086,858 |
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(2,815,197 |
) |
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Increase in receivables from customers |
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(446,575 |
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(319,496 |
) |
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Increase in other receivables |
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(2,604,554 |
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(20,252 |
) |
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(Increase) decrease in other assets |
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(262,821 |
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19,312 |
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Increase in trading liabilities |
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1,015,317 |
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2,522,969 |
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(Decrease) increase in securities loaned |
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(2,888,476 |
) |
2,011,165 |
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Increase in payable to customers |
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1,826,021 |
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701,153 |
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Increase in other payables |
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1,133,335 |
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217,956 |
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Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |
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404,514 |
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(54,910 |
) |
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Cash flows from investing activities: |
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Purchase of investments |
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(9,678 |
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(24,250 |
) |
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Purchase of IBG LLC historical member interests |
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(1,177,892 |
) |
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Dividends received from IBG LLC |
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5,288 |
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Purchase of property and equipment |
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(7,968 |
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(5,213 |
) |
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Net cash used in investing activities |
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(1,190,250 |
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(29,463 |
) |
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Cash flows from financing activities: |
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Net proceeds from issuance of Class A and Class B Common Stock |
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1,177,392 |
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Dividends paid by IBG LLC prior to May 4, 2007 |
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(158,500 |
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(119,000 |
) |
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Issuance of senior notes |
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223,727 |
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291,590 |
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Redemptions from senior notes |
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(219,627 |
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(272,260 |
) |
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Borrowings under senior secured credit facility |
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150,000 |
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(Decrease) increase in short-term borrowings, net |
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(53,878 |
) |
179,735 |
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Cash capital contribution to THE |
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3,882 |
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Members contributions to IBG LLC |
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|
201 |
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IBG LLC member interests redeeemed |
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(3,121 |
) |
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Net cash provided by financing activities |
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972,996 |
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227,145 |
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Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |
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12,055 |
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19,918 |
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Net increase in cash and cash equivalents |
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199,315 |
|
162,690 |
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Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |
|
669,271 |
|
408,232 |
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Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |
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$ |
868,586 |
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$ |
570,922 |
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Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: |
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Refinancing of bridge loan |
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$ |
10,018 |
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$ |
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Interest paid |
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$ |
275,104 |
|
$ |
188,760 |
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Taxes paid |
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$ |
1,285 |
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$ |
11,577 |
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See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
6
Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Redeemable
Members Interests and Stockholders
Equity
Six months ended June 30, 2007
(Unaudited)
(in thousands, except for shares or per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
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Common Stock |
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Accumulated |
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Total |
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Redeemable |
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Additional |
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Other |
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Redeemable |
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Members |
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Par |
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Paid-In- |
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Treasury |
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Retained |
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Comprehensive |
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Members |
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|
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Interests |
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Shares |
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Value |
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Capital |
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Stock |
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Earnings |
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Income |
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Interests |
|
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Balance, January 1, 2007 |
|
$ |
2,703,349 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
98,568 |
|
$ |
2,801,917 |
|
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Comprehensive income through May 3, 2007: |
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|
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|
|
|
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|
|
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|
|||||||
Net Income |
|
252,332 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
252,332 |
|
|||||||
Cumulative translation adjustment |
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
13,245 |
|
13,245 |
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Dividends, through May 3, 2007 |
|
(158,500 |
) |
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(158,500 |
) |
|||||||
Adjustments to eliminate redeemable members interests and establish minority interest as of May 3, 2007, net |
|
(2,797,181 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(100,632 |
) |
(2,897,813 |
) |
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|
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Adjustments to eliminate remaining accumulated other comprehensive income as of May 3, 2007, applied to additional paid in capital |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
11,181 |
|
|
|
|
|
(11,181 |
) |
0 |
|
||||||
Net proceeds from issuance of Common Stock in IPO |
|
|
|
40,000,000 |
|
$ |
400 |
|
279,318 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
279,718 |
|
||||||
Issuance of Class B shares of common stock |
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Common Stock issued pursuant to stock plans |
|
|
|
2,198,952 |
|
22 |
|
65,968 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
65,990 |
|
|||||||
Treasury stock, unearned compensation |
|
|
|
(2,198,952 |
) |
|
|
|
|
$ |
(65,990 |
) |
|
|
|
|
(65,990 |
) |
||||||
Common Stock distributed to employees |
|
|
|
187,953 |
|
|
|
|
|
5,640 |
|
|
|
|
|
5,640 |
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Deferred tax benefit retained |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
37,252 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
37,252 |
|
|||||||
IBG, Inc.s allocable share of capital contribution to THE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,882 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,882 |
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Comprehensive income, after May 3, 2007: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Net income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
7,006 |
|
|
|
7,006 |
|
||||||
Cumulative translation
adjustment, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(196 |
) |
(196 |
) |
|||||||||
Total comprehensive income after May 3, 2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,006 |
|
$ |
(196 |
) |
6,810 |
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Balance, June 30, 2007 |
|
$ |
0 |
|
40,188,053 |
|
$ |
422 |
|
$ |
397,601 |
|
$ |
(60,350 |
) |
$ |
7,006 |
|
$ |
(196 |
) |
$ |
344,483 |
|
See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
7
Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed
Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except shares and per share amounts, unless otherwise noted)
1. Organization and Nature of Business
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. (IBG, Inc.), a Delaware holding company, include the financial results of IBG LLC and its operating subsidiaries (collectively, IBG LLC or the Group) for the periods reported. Subsequent to May 3, 2007, the statements reflect the consolidation of IBG, Inc.s investment in IBG LLC. On May 9, 2007, IBG, Inc. issued 40 million shares of its Class A common stock pursuant to a registered public offering (Note 4), and completed its purchase of a 10% interest in IBG LLC and became the sole managing member of the Group under the Amended and Restated Operating Agreement of IBG LLC dated May 3, 2007. IBG, Inc. is a Delaware holding company whose primary operating asset is its ownership interest in IBG LLC. IBG LLC, formerly known as Interactive Brokers Group LLC, is an automated global market maker and electronic broker specializing in routing orders and processing trades in securities, futures and foreign exchange instruments.
IBG LLC is a Connecticut limited liability company that conducts its business through its operating subsidiaries (collectively called the Operating Companies): Timber Hill LLC (TH LLC), Timber Hill Europe AG (THE), Timber Hill Securities Hong Kong Limited (THSHK), Timber Hill Australia Pty Limited (THA), Timber Hill Canada Company (THC), Interactive Brokers Hungary KFT (IBH), IB Exchange Corp. (IBEC), Interactive Brokers LLC (IB LLC), Interactive Brokers Canada Inc. (IBC) and Interactive Brokers (U.K.) Limited (IBUK).
The Operating Companies are members of various securities and commodities exchanges in North America, Europe and the Asia/Pacific region. Other than IB LLC, IBUK and IBC, the Operating Companies do not carry securities accounts for customers or perform custodial functions relating to customer securities. IB LLC, a U.S. broker-dealer and futures commission merchant, conducts electronic brokerage services for customers. IB LLC carries customer securities and commodity accounts and is subject to the regulatory requirements of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), and the U.S. Commodities Exchange Act.
2. Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of IBG, Inc. are presented in U.S. dollars and have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) regarding interim financial reporting with respect to Form 10-Q. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (U.S. GAAP) for complete financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in IBG, Inc.s final prospectus filed with the SEC on May 4, 2007 (the Prospectus) for the offering of Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the Common Stock). See Note 4 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for information regarding the Recapitalization (as defined in Note 4) and the IPO.
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2006 and for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2006 relate to IBG LLC and its subsidiaries. The unaudited condensed consolidated statement of financial condition as of June 30, 2007 reflects the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of financial condition of IBG, Inc. and its subsidiaries. The unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2007 and the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of cash flows for the six month period ended June 30, 2007, reflect the consolidated operating results and cash flows of IBG LLC and its subsidiaries prior to May 4, 2007 and, from May 4, 2007 through June 30, 2007 reflect the consolidated operating results and cash flows of IBG, Inc. and its subsidiaries.
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not reflect what the financial position, results of operations or cash flows of IBG, Inc. would have been had it been a stand-alone public company prior to May 4, 2007. In addition, the results of operations for periods prior to the IPO on May 4, 2007 are not comparable to the results of operations for subsequent periods as these results of operations do not give effect to the following matters:
· The Recapitalization;
8
Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts or unless otherwise noted)
· U.S. corporate federal income taxes; and
· Minority interest held by IBG Holdings LLC.
In managements opinion, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all normal, recurring adjustments to present fairly IBG, Inc.s financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods presented. The consolidated results of operations and cash flows for the three month period ended June 30, 2007 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any future period or for the full year. Gains and losses from foreign currency transactions are included in trading gains and losses where related to market making activities or in other income where related to electronic brokerage activities in the condensed consolidated statements of income. Non-U.S. subsidiaries have a functional currency (i.e., the currency in which activities are primarily conducted) that is other than the U.S. dollar. Such subsidiaries assets and liabilities are translated to U.S. dollars at period-end exchange rates, while revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates during the year. Adjustments that result from translating amounts from a subsidiarys functional currency to the U.S. dollar are reported in redeemable members interests as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and disclosures in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Estimates, by their nature, are based on judgment and available information. Therefore, actual results could differ materially from those estimates. Such estimates include the estimated fair value of financial instruments, the estimated useful lives of property and equipment, including capitalized internally developed software, compensation accruals, tax liabilities and estimated contingency reserves.
Fair Value
At June 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, substantially all of IBG, Inc.s assets and liabilities were carried at fair value or at amounts that approximate fair value. The fair value amounts for financial instruments are disclosed in each respective note to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
Principles of Consolidation
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of IBG, Inc. and its majority and wholly owned subsidiaries. IBG, Inc. consolidates the Groups consolidated financial statements and records as minority interest the interests in the Group that IBG, Inc. does not own. The Groups policy is to consolidate all entities of which it owns more than 50% unless it does not have control. All inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated. Pursuant to the revised Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Interpretation (FIN) No. 46, Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, IBG, Inc. would also consolidate any Variable Interest Entities (VIEs) of which it is the primary beneficiary. IBG, Inc. currently is not the primary beneficiary of any such entities and therefore no VIEs are included in the condensed consolidated financial statements.
Earnings Per Share
Earnings per share (EPS) is computed in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 128, Earnings Per Share. Basic earnings per share are calculated utilizing net income available for common stockholders commencing from May 4, 2007, the date of the IPO, and up until June 30, 2007, divided by the weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding. Diluted earnings per share are calculated utilizing net income available for common stockholders divided by the weighted average percentage of IBG LLC interests owned by IBG, Inc. during the period to arrive at an amount of net income that would be available for common stockholders on an if-exchanged basis of all member interests in IBG LLC currently held by IBG Holdings LLC had been exchanged for Class A common stock. This resulting net income is divided by the weighted average total number of shares of Common Stock that would be outstanding if such an exchange had occurred, and includes shares of Common Stock issued and issuable under the 2007 ROI Unit Stock Plan (Note 5).
9
Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts or unless otherwise noted)
Stock-Based Compensation
IBG, Inc. follows SFAS No. 123(R), Share-Based Payment, to account for its stock-based compensation plans. SFAS No. 123(R) is a revision of SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation, and supersedes Accounting Principles Board (APB) Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees and amends SFAS No. 95, Statement of Cash Flows. SFAS No. 123(R) requires all share-based payments to employees to be recognized in the financial statements using a fair value-based method. As a result, IBG, Inc. expenses the fair value of stock granted to employees over the related vesting period.
Redeemable Members Interests
Prior to the IPO, the Groups redeemable members interests represented member interests in IBG LLC that were entitled to share in the condensed consolidated profits and losses of the Group. In connection with the Recapitalization, which is further described in Note 4, all existing member interests in the Group were exchanged for interests in IBG Holdings LLC.
IBG LLC had applied guidance within Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) Topic D-98 Classification and Measurement of Redeemable Securities, which requires securities or equity interests of a company whose redemption is outside the control of the company to be classified outside of permanent capital in the statement of financial condition. Historically, the member interests in IBG LLC could be redeemed by the members at book value at their option. Because this redemption right was deemed to be outside of its control, IBG LLC classified all members capital outside of permanent capital as redeemable members interests in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.
Prior to January 2, 2006, selected employees had been granted non-transferable fully vested member interests in IBG LLC. Grants issued before January 1, 2006 were accounted for pursuant to APB Opinion No. 25 and EITF Issue No. 00-23, Issues Related to the Accounting for Stock Compensation under APB Opinion No. 25 and FIN No. 44. IBG LLC recorded a fixed dollar amount of expense for member interest grants at the date of grant based on managements estimate of fair value, which is book value (as defined in IBG LLCs Agreement as to Member Interest Purchase Rights). Member interests confer ownership rights in IBG LLC and entitle the holder to proportionate rights to future allocable profits and losses of IBG LLC. Under the terms of the agreement, member-employees could only sell their interests back to IBG LLC at any time at book value. Member interest grants were initially accounted for as liabilities until six months elapsed from the date of grant, at which time such liabilities were reclassified to redeemable members interests as members contributions.
The Group adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 123(R) as of January 1, 2006. The Group continued to account for all grants of member interests granted subsequent to December 31, 2005 as liability awards.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
IBG, Inc. defines cash equivalents as short-term, highly liquid securities and cash deposits with original maturities of three months or less, other than those used for trading purposes. At June 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, foreign currency owned of $545,432 and $279,501 is included in cash and cash equivalents and foreign currency sold of $4,488 and $11,837 is included in short-term borrowings, respectively, and are carried at fair value.
Cash and Securities Segregated for Regulatory Purposes
As a result of customer activities, certain Operating Companies are obligated by rules mandated by their primary regulators including the SEC and the Commodities Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) in the United States and the Financial Services Authority in the United Kingdom to segregate or set aside cash or qualified securities to satisfy such regulations, which regulations have been promulgated to protect customer assets. In addition, substantially all of the Operating Companies are members of various clearing organizations at which cash or securities are deposited as required to conduct day-to-day clearance activities.
Securities Borrowed and Securities Loaned
Securities borrowed and securities loaned are recorded at the amount of cash collateral advanced or received. Securities borrowed transactions require IBG, Inc. to provide counterparties with collateral, which may be in the form of cash, letters of credit, or other securities. With respect to securities loaned, IBG, Inc. receives collateral, which may be in the form of cash or other securities in an amount generally in excess of the fair value of the securities loaned.
10
Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts or unless otherwise noted)
IBG, Inc. monitors the market value of securities borrowed and loaned on a daily basis, with additional collateral obtained or refunded as required contractually. Receivables and payables with the same counterparty are not offset in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. For these transactions, the fees received or paid by IBG, Inc. are recorded as interest income or interest expense in the condensed consolidated statements of income.
Securities Purchased Under Agreements to Resell and Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase
Securities purchased under agreements to resell and securities sold under agreements to repurchase are treated as collateralized financing transactions and are recorded at contract value, plus accrued interest, which approximates fair value. IBG, Inc.s policy is to obtain possession of collateral with a fair value equal to or in excess of the principal amount loaned under resale agreements. To ensure that the fair value of the underlying collateral remains sufficient, this collateral is valued daily with additional collateral obtained or excess collateral returned, as required under contractual provisions.
Financial Instruments Owned and Sold, Not Yet Purchased
Stocks, government and corporate bonds, futures and options transactions are reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements on a trade date basis. Substantially all financial instruments owned and financial instruments sold, not yet purchased are recorded at fair value based upon quoted market prices. All firm-owned financial instruments pledged to counterparties where the counterparty has the right, by contract or custom, to sell or repledge the financial instruments are classified as financial instruments owned and pledged as collateral in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.
IBG, Inc. also enters into cross-currency swap transactions. These transactions, which are also reported on a trade date basis, are agreements to exchange a fixed amount of one currency for a specified amount of a second currency at the outset and at completion of the swap term. Unrealized mark-to-market gains and losses on cross-currency swap transactions are reported as components of financial instruments owned or financial instruments sold, not yet purchased in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. Net earnings or losses are reported as components of interest income in the condensed consolidated statements of income.
Customer Receivables and Payables
Customer securities transactions are recorded on a settlement date basis and customer commodities transactions are recorded on a trade date basis. Receivables from and payables to customers include amounts due on cash and margin transactions, including futures contracts transacted on behalf of IBG, Inc.s customers. Securities owned by customers, including those that collateralize margin loans or other similar transactions, are not reported in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.
Receivables from and Payables to Brokers, Dealers and Clearing Organizations
Receivables from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations include amounts receivable for securities not delivered by IBG, Inc. to the purchaser by the settlement date (fails to deliver) and margin deposits. Payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations include amounts payable for securities not received by IBG, Inc. from a seller by the settlement date (fails to receive). Receivables and payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations also include amounts related to futures contracts executed on behalf of IBG, Inc.s customers as well as net payables and receivables from unsettled trades.
Investments
IBG, Inc. makes certain strategic investments and accounts for these investments under the equity method of accounting. Investments are accounted for under the equity method of accounting when IBG, Inc. has significant influence over the investee as required under APB Opinion No. 18, The Equity Method of Accounting for Investments in Common Stock. Investments accounted for under the equity method are recorded at the amount of IBG, Inc.s investment and adjusted each period for IBG, Inc.s share of the investees income or loss. IBG, Inc.s share of the income or losses from equity investments is reported as a component of other income in the condensed consolidated statements of income and IBG, Inc.s equity investments, which are included in other assets in the condensed consolidated statements of financial condition, increase or decrease accordingly. Distributions received from equity investees are recorded as reductions to the respective investment balance.
11
Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts or unless otherwise noted)
A judgmental aspect of accounting for investments is evaluating whether an other-than-temporary decline in the value of an investment has been sustained. The evaluation of an other-than-temporary impairment is dependent on specific quantitative and qualitative factors and circumstances surrounding an investment, including recurring operating losses, credit defaults and subsequent rounds of financing. As none of IBG, Inc.s investments have readily determinable market values, the primary factor considered by management in assessing if an other-than-temporary impairment of value has occurred is the financial condition of the investee company. All investments are reviewed for changes in circumstances or occurrence of events that suggest IBG, Inc.s investment may not be recoverable. If an unrealized loss on any investment is considered to be other than temporary, the loss is recognized in the period the determination is made.
IBG, Inc. also holds exchange memberships and investments in equity securities of certain exchanges as required to qualify as a clearing member. Such investments are recorded at cost or, if an other-than-temporary impairment in value has occurred, at a value that reflects managements estimate of the impairment, and are included in other assets in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. Dividends are recognized as a component of other income as such dividends are received.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment consist of purchased technology hardware and software, internally developed software, leasehold improvements and office furniture and equipment. Property and equipment are recorded at historical cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Additions and improvements that extend the lives of assets are capitalized, while expenditures for repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method. Equipment is depreciated over the estimated useful lives of the assets, while leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the estimated economic useful life of the asset or the term of the lease, generally three to seven years. Computer equipment is depreciated over three to five years and office furniture and equipment are depreciated over five to seven years. Qualifying costs for internally developed software are capitalized and amortized over the expected useful life of the developed software, not to exceed three years.
Comprehensive Income
Comprehensive income consists of two components: net income and other comprehensive income. Other comprehensive income refers to revenues, expenses, gains and losses that are included in stockholders equity (or in redeemable members interests prior to the IPO) but are excluded from net income. IBG, Inc.s other comprehensive income is comprised of foreign currency translation adjustments.
The local currency is designated as the functional currency for IBG, Inc.s international operating companies. Accordingly, assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars at period-end exchange rates, and revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates prevailing during the period. Translation gains and losses, from market making activities, are included in trading gains in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income. Adjustments that result from translating amounts from a subsidiarys functional currency are reported as a component of stockholders equity (or in redeemable members interests prior to the IPO).
Revenue Recognition
Trading Gains
Trading gains and losses are recorded on trade date, and are reported on a net basis. Net trading gains are comprised of changes in the fair value of trading assets and liabilities (i.e., unrealized gains and losses) and realized gains and losses. Dividends are integral to the valuation of stocks bought and sold and, accordingly, are reported on a net basis as a component of trading gains in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income.
Commissions and Execution Fees
Commissions charged for executing and clearing customer transactions are accrued on a trade date basis and are reported as commissions and execution fees in the condensed consolidated statements of income, and the related expenses are reported as execution and clearing expenses, also on a trade date basis.
12
Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts or unless otherwise noted)
Income Taxes
IBG, Inc. accounts for income taxes in accordance with SFAS No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes, which requires the recognition of tax benefits or expenses on the temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and FIN No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109. FIN No. 48 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty of income tax positions recognized in financial statements in accordance with SFAS No. 109. FIN No. 48 prescribes a more likely than not threshold and measurement attribute for recognition in the financial statements of an asset or liability resulting from a tax position taken or expected to be taken in an income tax return. Timber Hill (U.K.) Limited, an indirect subsidiary of IBG LLC (THUK) formerly conducted market making activity for the Group in the United Kingdom (U.K.) and in Italy, but ceased operating in the U.K. in 2001. Due to the transfer of THUKs operations from the U.K. to Switzerland, its income for the period 2002 to 2004 was not taxable in the U.K., but was instead taxable in Switzerland. As of June 30, 2007, IBG, Inc. has recorded net refundable income taxes of $10,685, including net interest receivable of $959, representing the net of amounts refundable by the U.K. Inland Revenue and payable to the Swiss tax authorities for such periods as the result of income taxes previously overpaid to the U.K. Inland Revenue. The income tax provision for the three months ended June 30, 2007 includes IBG, Inc.s proportionate share of these refundable income taxes.
The Group historically operated in the United States as a limited liability company that was treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Accordingly, the Groups income was not subject to U.S. federal income taxes. Taxes related to income earned by partnerships represent obligations of the individual partners. Income taxes shown in the Groups historical unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income have been primarily attributable to taxes incurred in non-U.S. entities. State and local income taxes reported in the condensed consolidated statements of income represent taxes assessed by jurisdictions that do not recognize the Groups limited liability company status. Outside the United States, the Group principally operates through subsidiary corporations and is subject to local income taxes. Foreign income taxes paid on dividends received are also reported as income taxes.
Subsequent to the IPO, income taxes have been provided for IBG, Inc.s proportionate share of the Groups income that is subject to Federal and state income taxes. IBG, Inc. recognizes interest related to income tax matters as interest income or expense and penalties related to income tax matters as income tax expense.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements. SFAS No. 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and requires enhanced disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 requires companies to disclose the fair value of financial instruments according to a fair value hierarchy (i.e., levels 1, 2, and 3, as defined). Additionally, companies are required to provide enhanced disclosure regarding instruments in the level 3 category, including a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances separately for each major category of assets and liabilities. SFAS No. 157 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007 and for interim periods within those fiscal years. Adoption of SFAS No. 157 is not expected to have a material effect on IBG, Inc.s unaudited condensed consolidated statements of financial condition, income or cash flows.
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115. SFAS No. 159 permits entities to choose, at specified election dates, to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value that are not currently required to be measured at fair value. SFAS No. 159 is effective for financial statements issued for an entitys first fiscal year beginning after November 15, 2007. Adoption of SFAS No. 159 is not expected to have a material effect on IBG, Inc.s unaudited condensed consolidated statements of financial condition, income or cash flows.
3. Trading Activities and Related Risks
IBG, Inc.s trading activities include providing securities market maker and brokerage services. Trading activities expose IBG, Inc. to market and credit risks. These risks are managed in accordance with established risk management policies and procedures. To accomplish this, management has established a risk management process that includes:
· A regular review of the risk management process by executive management as part of its oversight role;
· Defined risk management policies and procedures supported by a rigorous analytic framework; and
13
Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts or unless otherwise noted)
· Articulated risk tolerance levels as defined by executive management that are regularly reviewed to ensure that IBG, Inc.s risk-taking is consistent with its business strategy, capital structure, and current and anticipated market conditions.
Market Risk
IBG, Inc. is exposed to various market risks. Exposures to market risks arise from equity price risk, foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations and changes in interest rates which impact our variable rate debt obligations.
IBG, Inc. seeks to mitigate market risk associated with trading inventories by employing hedging strategies that correlate rate, price and spread movements of trading inventories and related financing and hedging activities. IBG, Inc. uses a combination of cash instruments and exchange traded derivatives to hedge its market exposures. The following discussion describes the types of market risk faced:
Equity Price Risk
Equity price risk arises from the possibility that equity security prices will fluctuate, affecting the value of equity securities and other instruments that derive their value from a particular stock, a defined basket of stocks, or a stock index. IBG, Inc. is subject to equity price risk primarily in securities owned and securities sold, not yet purchased. IBG, Inc. attempts to limit such risks by diversifying its portfolio across many different options, futures and underlying securities and avoiding concentrations of positions based on the same underlying security.
Currency Risk
Currency risk arises from the possibility that fluctuations in foreign exchange rates will impact the value of financial instruments. Exchange rate contracts include cross-currency swaps and currency futures contracts. Currency swaps are agreements to exchange future payments in one currency for payments in another currency. These agreements are used to effectively convert assets or liabilities denominated in different currencies. Currency futures are contracts for delayed delivery of currency at a specified future date. IBG, Inc. uses currency swaps to manage the levels of its non-U.S. dollar currency balances and currency cash and futures to hedge its global exposure.
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk arises from the possibility that changes in interest rates will affect the value of financial instruments. IBG, Inc. is exposed to interest rate risk on variable-rate debt, cash and margin balances and positions carried in equity securities, options and futures. These risks are managed through investment policies and by entering into interest rate futures contracts.
Credit Risk
IBG, Inc. is exposed to risk of loss if an individual, counterparty or issuer fails to perform its obligations under contractual terms (default risk). Both cash instruments and derivatives expose IBG, Inc. to default risk. IBG, Inc. has established policies and procedures for mitigating credit risk on principal transactions, including reviewing and establishing limits for credit exposure, maintaining collateral, and continually assessing the creditworthiness of counterparties.
In the normal course of business, IBG, Inc. executes, settles and finances various customer securities transactions. Execution of these transactions includes the purchase and sale of securities by IBG, Inc. that exposes IBG, Inc. to default risk arising from the potential that customers or counterparties may fail to satisfy their obligations. In these situations, IBG, Inc. may be required to purchase or sell financial instruments at unfavorable market prices to satisfy obligations to customers or counterparties. IBG, Inc. seeks to control the risks associated with its customer margin activities by requiring customers to maintain collateral in compliance with regulatory and internal guidelines.
Liabilities to other brokers and dealers related to unsettled transactions (i.e., securities failed-to-receive) are recorded at the amount for which the securities were purchased, and are paid upon receipt of the securities from other brokers or dealers. In the case of aged securities failed-to-receive, IBG, Inc. may purchase the underlying security in the market and seek reimbursement for any losses from the counterparty.
IBG, Inc. enters into securities purchased under agreements to resell and securities sold under agreements to repurchase transactions (repos) in addition to securities borrowing and lending arrangements, all of which may result in credit
14
Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts or unless otherwise noted)
exposure in the event the counterparty to a transaction is unable to fulfill its contractual obligations. In accordance with industry practice, repos are collateralized by securities with a market value in excess of the obligation under the contract. Similarly, securities borrowed and loaned agreements are collateralized by deposits of cash. IBG, Inc. attempts to minimize credit risk associated with these activities by monitoring collateral values on a daily basis and requiring additional collateral to be deposited with or returned to IBG, Inc. when deemed necessary.
Concentrations of Credit Risk
IBG, Inc.s exposure to credit risk associated with its trading and other activities is measured on an individual counterparty basis, as well as by groups of counterparties that share similar attributes. Concentrations of credit risk can be affected by changes in political, industry, or economic factors. To reduce the potential for risk concentration, credit limits are established and exposure is monitored in light of changing counterparty and market conditions.
Off-Balance Sheet Risks
IBG, Inc. may be exposed to a risk of loss not reflected in the condensed consolidated financial statements for certain derivative instruments, including equity options and futures products and for securities sold, but not yet purchased, which represent obligations of IBG, Inc. to deliver specified securities at contracted prices, which may create a liability to repurchase them in the market at prevailing prices. Accordingly, these transactions result in off-balance sheet risk as IBG, Inc.s cost to liquidate such securities and futures contracts may exceed the amount reported in IBG, Inc.s condensed consolidated statements of financial condition.
4. Initial Public Offering and Recapitalization
On May 3, 2007, IBG, Inc. priced its initial public offering of shares of Common Stock. In connection with the IPO, IBG, Inc. purchased 10.0% of the membership interests in IBG LLC from IBG Holdings LLC, became the sole managing member of IBG LLC and began to consolidate IBG LLCs financial results into its financial statements. Such transactions are collectively referred to herein as the Recapitalization. Class B common stock, wholly owned by IBG Holdings LLC, has voting rights in proportion to its ownership of IBG LLC, 89.5079% as of June 30, 2007.
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect the historical results of operations and financial position of IBG, Inc., including consolidation of its investment in IBG LLC from and after May 4, 2007. Prior to May 4, 2007, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included herein represent the consolidated financial statements of the Group. The historical unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not reflect what the financial position, results of operations or cash flows of IBG, Inc. or the Group would have been had these companies been stand-alone public companies for the periods presented. Specifically, the historical financial statements of the Group do not give effect to the following matters:
· The Recapitalization;
· U.S. corporate federal income taxes, since the Group operates in the U.S. as a limited liability company that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Historically, the Groups income was not subject to U.S. federal income taxes. Taxes related to income earned by partnerships represent obligations of the individual partners. Prior to May 4, 2007, income taxes reported on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income were primarily attributable to taxes incurred by non-U.S. entities. Outside the United States, the Group principally operates through subsidiary corporations and is subject to local income taxes. Foreign income taxes paid on dividends received are also reported as income taxes. Prior to May 4, 2007, state and local income taxes reported in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income represent taxes assessed by jurisdictions that do not recognize the Groups limited liability company status. Subsequent to the IPO, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of IBG, Inc. include U.S. federal and state income taxes on its allocable share of the results of operations of the Group, giving effect to the post-IPO structure; and
· Minority interest reflecting IBG Holdings LLCs ownership of approximately 90% of the IBG LLC membership interests outstanding immediately after the IPO.
15
Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts or unless otherwise noted)
Initial Public Offering
On May 9, 2007, IBG, Inc. issued, at $30.01 per share, 40,000,000 shares (1,000,000,000 shares authorized) of its Common Stock in an initial public offering pursuant to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-138955) (the Registration Statement). The aggregate gross proceeds from the IPO amounted to $1,200.4 million. Net proceeds of $1,177.9 million, after placement agency fees, were paid to IBG Holdings LLC in exchange for a 10.0% interest in IBG LLC. Other offering expenses of $5.5 million were paid by IBG LLC.
Recapitalization
Immediately prior to and immediately following the consummation of the IPO, IBG, Inc., IBG Holdings LLC, IBG LLC and the members of IBG LLC consummated a series of transactions collectively referred to herein as the Recapitalization. In connection with the Recapitalization, IBG, Inc., IBG Holdings LLC and the historical members of IBG LLC entered into an exchange agreement, dated as of May 3, 2007 (the Exchange Agreement), pursuant to which the historical members of IBG LLC received membership interests in IBG Holdings LLC in exchange for their membership interests in IBG LLC. Additionally, IBG, Inc. became the sole managing member of IBG LLC.
In connection with the consummation of the IPO, IBG Holdings LLC used the net proceeds to redeem 10% of members interests in IBG Holdings LLC in proportion to their interests. Immediately following the Recapitalization and IPO, IBG Holdings LLC owned approximately 90% of IBG LLC and 100% of IBG, Inc.s Class B common stock, which has voting power in IBG, Inc. proportionate to the extent of IBG Holdings LLCs ownership of IBG LLC.
The Exchange Agreement also provides for future redemptions of member interests and for the purchase of member interests in IBG LLC by IBG, Inc. from IBG Holdings LLC, which is expected to result in IBG, Inc. acquiring the remaining member interests in IBG LLC that it does not own. On an annual basis, holders of IBG Holdings LLC member interests will be able to request redemption of such member interests over an eight (8) year period following the initial public offering; 12.5% annually for seven (7) years and 2.5% in the eighth year. The primary manner in which the redemption price is expected to be paid is from the proceeds from sales of additional shares of Common Stock. Three hundred sixty (360) million shares of authorized Common Stock have been reserved for such future sales.
As a result of a federal income tax election made by IBG LLC applicable to the acquisition of IBG LLC member interests by IBG, Inc. the income tax basis of the assets of IBG LLC acquired by IBG, Inc. have been adjusted based on the amount paid for such interests. A deferred tax asset of $248,347 was recorded as of the IPO date, to be amortized as additional deferred income tax expense over 15 years. IBG, Inc. also entered into an agreement (the Tax Receivable Agreement) with IBG Holdings LLC to pay IBG Holdings LLC (for the benefit of the former members of IBG LLC) 85% of the tax savings that IBG, Inc. actually realizes as the result of the tax basis increase. As of the IPO date, a payable to IBG Holdings LLC of $211,095 was recorded by IBG, Inc. Amounts payable under the Tax Receivable Agreement are subject to repayment to IBG Holdings LLC annually upon the filing of IBG, Inc.s federal income tax return. The remaining 15%, $37,252, has been accounted for as a permanent increase to additional paid in capital in the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of financial condition.
16
Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts or unless otherwise noted)
Earnings per Share
Historical earnings per share information is not applicable for reporting periods prior to the consummation of the IPO. Net income available for common stockholders of $7,006 is the net income earned by IBG, Inc. on its 10.4921% interest in the Group for the period from May 4, 2007 through June 30, 2007, net of the provision for income taxes for the period.
The Companys net income for the three month and six month periods ended June 30, 2007 consists of the following:
|
Three Month |
|
Six Month |
|
|||
Net income
allocable to members of IBG LLC |
|
$ |
68,137 |
|
$ |
252,332 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Net income
available for common stockholders |
|
7,006 |
|
7,006 |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
$ |
75,143 |
|
$ |
259,338 |
|
The below table contains a reconciliation of net income before minority interest to net income available for common stockholders:
|
Three Month |
|
Six Month |
|
|||
Income before income taxes |
|
$ |
164,653 |
|
$ |
354,991 |
|
Income tax expense |
|
5,504 |
|
11,647 |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Net income before minority interest |
|
159,149 |
|
343,344 |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Net income
allocable to members of IBG LLC |
|
(68,137 |
) |
(252,332 |
) |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Minority interest subsequent to May 3, 2007 |
|
(84,006 |
) |
(84,006 |
) |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Net income available for common stockholders |
|
$ |
7,006 |
|
$ |
7,006 |
|
The calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share is described below:
Basic earnings per share are calculated utilizing net income available for common stockholders commencing from May 4, 2007, divided by the weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding during the period from May 4, 2007 through June 30, 2007:
|
|
|
Period from |
|
||
Basic earnings per share: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income available for common stockholders |
|
|
|
$ |
7,006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Class A |
|
|
|
40,187,953 |
|
|
Class B |
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
40,188,053 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic earnings per share |
|
|
|
$ |
0.17 |
|
17
Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts or unless otherwise noted)
Diluted earnings per share are calculated utilizing net income available for common stockholders divided by the weighted average percentage of IBG LLC interests owned by IBG, Inc. (10.4921%) during the period to arrive at an amount of net income that would be available for common stockholders on an if-exchanged basis if all member interests in IBG LLC currently held by IBG Holdings LLC had been exchanged for Common Stock. This resulting net income is divided by the weighted average total number of shares of Common Stock that would be outstanding if such an exchange had occurred, and includes shares of Common Stock issued and issuable pursuant to the 2007 ROI Unit Stock Plan (Note 5).
|
|
|
Period from |
|
||
Diluted earnings per share: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income available for common stockholders |
|
|
|
$ |
66,774 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Class A: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issued and outstanding |
|
|
|
40,187,953 |
|
|
Assumed issuance in exchange for remaining interests in IBG LLC |
|
|
|
360,000,000 |
|
|
Issuable pursuant to 2007 ROI Unit Stock Plan |
|
|
|
1,175,655 |
|
|
Class B |
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
401,363,708 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted earnings per share |
|
|
|
$ |
0.17 |
|
5. Employee Incentive Plans
Return on Investment Dollar Units (ROI Dollar Units)
From 1998 through January 1, 2006, IBG LLC granted all non-member employees ROI Dollar Units, which are redeemable under the amended provisions of the plan, and in accordance with regulations issued by the Internal Revenue Service (Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code). Upon redemption, the grantee is entitled to accumulated earnings on the face value of the certificate, but not the actual face value. For grants made in 1998 and 1999, grantees may redeem the ROI Dollar Units after vesting on the fifth anniversary of the date of their grant and prior to the tenth anniversary of the date of their grant. For grants made between January 1, 2000 and January 1, 2005, grantees must elect to redeem the ROI Dollar Units upon the fifth, seventh or tenth anniversary date. These ROI Dollar Units will vest upon the fifth anniversary of the date of their grant and will continue to accumulate earnings until the elected redemption date. For grants made on or after January 1, 2006, all ROI Dollar Units shall vest on the fifth anniversary date of their grant and will be automatically redeemed. Subsequent to the IPO, no additional ROI Dollar Units will be granted and non-cash compensation to employees will consist primarily of grants of shares of Common Stock as described below under 2007 Stock Incentive Plan.
As of June 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, payables to employees for ROI Dollar Units were $17,366 and $39,644, respectively, of which $7,245 and $14,003, respectively, were vested. These amounts are included in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of financial condition. Compensation expense for the ROI Dollar Unit plan, included in the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of income, was $3,486 for the six months ended June 30, 2007.
2007 ROI Unit Stock Plan
In connection with the IPO, IBG, Inc. adopted the Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. 2007 ROI Unit Stock Plan (the ROI Unit Stock Plan). Under this plan, certain employees who held ROI Dollar Units, at the employees option, elected to invest their ROI Dollar Unit accumulated earnings as of December 31, 2006 in shares of Common Stock. 1,271,009 shares of Common Stock, with a fair value at the date of grant of $38,143, were issued to IBG LLC, to be held as Treasury stock, and were distributed or are distributable to employees pursuant to the 2007 ROI Unit Stock Plan in accordance with the following schedule, subject to the conditions below:
· 10% on the date of the IPO (or on the first anniversary of the IPO, in the case of U.S. ROI Unit holders who made the
18
Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts or unless otherwise noted)
above-referenced elections after December 31, 2006); and
· an additional 15% on each of the first six anniversaries of the date of the IPO (or on each of the next six anniversaries of the date of the IPO, in the case of U.S. ROI Unit holders who made the above-referenced elections after December 31, 2006), assuming continued employment with IBG, Inc. and compliance with other applicable covenants.
Of the fair value at the date of grant, $17,806 represented the accumulated ROI Dollar Unit value elected to be invested by employees in Common Stock and such amount was accrued for as of December 31, 2006. The remainder will be ratably accrued as compensation expense by the Group from the date of the IPO over the requisite service period represented by the aforementioned distribution schedule. Compensation expense for the 2007 ROI Unit Stock Plan included in the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of income subsequent to the IPO through June 30, 2007 was $254.
2007 Stock Incentive Plan
Under the Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. 2007 Stock Incentive Plan (the Stock Incentive Plan), up to 9.2 million shares of Common Stock may be granted and issued to directors, officers, employees, contractors and consultants of IBG, Inc. and its subsidiaries. The purpose of the Stock Incentive Plan is to promote IBG, Inc.s long-term financial success by attracting, retaining and rewarding eligible participants.
The Stock Incentive Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of IBG, Inc.s Board of Directors. The Compensation Committee has discretionary authority to determine which employees are eligible to participate in the Stock Incentive Plan. The Compensation Committee establishes the terms and conditions of the awards under the Stock Incentive Plan, including the number of awards offered to each employee and all other terms and conditions applicable to such awards in individual grant agreements. Awards are expected to be made primarily through grants of Common Stock. The Stock Incentive Plan will provide that awards will be subject to issuance over time and may be forfeited upon an employees termination of employment or violation of certain applicable covenants prior to issuance, unless determined otherwise by the Compensation Committee.
The Stock Incentive Plan provides that, upon a change in control, the Compensation Committee may, at its discretion, fully vest any granted but unissued shares of Common Stock awarded under the Stock Incentive Plan, or provide that any such granted but unissued shares of Common Stock will be honored or assumed, or new rights substituted therefore by the new employer on a substantially similar basis and on terms and conditions substantially comparable to those of the Stock Incentive Plan.
IBG, Inc. granted awards of 927,943 shares of Common Stock, with a fair value at the date of grant of $27,847, in connection with the IPO and is expected to continue to grant awards on or about January 1 of each year following the IPO, to eligible employees as part of an overall plan of equity compensation. The shares of Common Stock granted at the time of the IPO were issued to IBG LLC, to be held as Treasury Stock, and were distributed or will be distributable to employees in accordance with the following schedule:
· 10% on the date of the IPO; and
· an additional 15% on each of the first six anniversaries of the date of the IPO, assuming continued employment with IBG, Inc. and compliance with non-competition and other applicable covenants.
Of the fair value at the date of grant, $14,674 represented compensation accrued as of December 31, 2006 to former members of IBG LLC, with the remainder to be ratably accrued as compensation expense by the Group from the date of the IPO over the requisite service period represented by the aforementioned distribution schedule. Compensation expense for the Stock Incentive Plan included in the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of income subsequent to the IPO through June 30, 2007 was $329.
Estimated future grants under the Stock Incentive Plan will be accrued for ratably during each year under the SFAS No. 123(R) Graded Vesting method. Compensation expense recognized in the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of income for the six months ended June 30, 2007, including amounts accrued under pre-IPO incentive plan formulas, for grants to be awarded on or about January 1, 2008, was $10,986, which represents approximately 100% of the expected 2007 annual expense for these future grants. Of this amount, $1,519 was recorded subsequent to the IPO through June 30, 2007.
19
Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts or unless otherwise noted)
The following is a summary of all Stock Plan activity for the period from May 4, 2007 through June 30, 2007:
|
2007 Stock |
|
2007 ROI Unit |
|
|
Balance, May 3, 2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
Granted |
|
927,943 |
|
1,271,009 |
|
Forfeited |
|
|
|
|
|
Distributed to employees |
|
(92,599 |
) |
(95,354 |
) |
Balance, June 30, 2007 |
|
835,344 |
|
1,175,655 |
|
Redeemable Members Interests
Prior to January 2, 2006, selected employees had been granted non-transferable member interests in IBG LLC, which conferred ownership rights in IBG LLC and entitled the holders to their proportionate share of the consolidated profits and losses of IBG LLC based on their holding percentages beginning on the date of the grant.
As more fully described in Note 4, in connection with the Recapitalization and the Exchange Agreement, the historical members of IBG LLC received membership interests in IBG Holdings LLC in exchange for their membership interests in IBG LLC and, in connection with the consummation of the IPO, IBG Holdings LLC used the net proceeds to redeem 10% of members interests in IBG Holdings LLC in proportion to their interests. The Exchange Agreement also provides for future redemptions of member interests and for the purchase of member interests in IBG LLC by IBG, Inc. from IBG Holdings LLC, which is expected to result in IBG, Inc. acquiring the remaining member interests in IBG LLC that it does not own.
The Agreement as to Member Interest Purchase Rights (the Agreement) historically gave IBG LLC the right to repurchase any members interests at its discretion at any time which, in particular, was triggered by the termination of employment of a member-employee, and also permitted members to sell their interests back to IBG LLC at any time, in every case for an amount equal to managements estimate of fair value, which is book value as defined in the Agreement. Because IBG LLC places a high value on the retention of its key employees, payment for a portion of redeemed interests was contingent on a post-redemption consulting services requirement that, among other conditions, required that a member-employee not compete with IBG LLC in any area of its businesses for five years following the date of redemption. In order to enforce these terms, payment for one-half of the redeemed interests was, under normal conditions, made within five months after the redemption date. Payment for the remaining one-half of the redeemed interests was made five years hence, subject to satisfaction of the consulting services and non-compete provisions of the Agreement. IBG LLC had recognized compensation expense equal to the granted interest by the time of grant. If and when the terms of the five-year consulting and non-compete period were satisfied, IBG LLC recorded a distribution of redeemable members interests at such time as the remaining payment was made to the member-employee. Should any portion of a member-employees interests be forfeited, such forfeited member interests would be redistributed among the remaining members in proportion to their holding percentages.
20
Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts or unless otherwise noted)
6. Financial Instruments Owned and Sold, But Not Yet Purchased, at Fair Value
Financial instruments owned and sold, but not yet purchased consisted of securities, at quoted market prices, as follows:
|
June 30, 2007 |
|
December 31, 2006 |
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
|
Sold, But Not |
|
|
|
Sold, But Not |
|
||||
|
|
Owned |
|
Yet Purchased |
|
Owned |
|
Yet Purchased |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Stocks |
|
$ |
8,416,400 |
|
$ |
9,546,096 |
|
$ |
10,596,252 |
|
$ |
9,761,798 |
|
Options |
|
5,857,931 |
|
6,390,305 |
|
4,597,737 |
|
5,022,253 |
|
||||
U.S. and foreign government obligations |
|
492,619 |
|
|
|
494,362 |
|
|
|
||||
Warrants |
|
65,649 |
|
|
|
83,322 |
|
|
|
||||
Corporate bonds |
|
4,178 |
|
64 |
|
4,862 |
|
54 |
|
||||
Discount certificates |
|
42,985 |
|
|
|
41,040 |
|
1,408 |
|
||||
Currency forward contracts |
|
2,404 |
|
1,813 |
|
227 |
|
104 |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
$ |
14,882,166 |
|
$ |
15,938,278 |
|
$ |
15,817,802 |
|
$ |
14,785,617 |
|
7. Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees
Litigation
IBG, Inc. is subject to certain pending and threatened legal actions which arise out of the normal course of business. Litigation is inherently unpredictable, particularly in proceedings where claimants seek substantial or indeterminate damages, or which are in their early stages. IBG, Inc. cannot predict with certainty the actual loss or range of loss related to such legal proceedings, the manner in which they will be resolved, the timing of final resolution or the ultimate settlement. Consequently, IBG, Inc. cannot estimate losses or ranges of losses related to such legal matters, even in instances where it is reasonably possible that a future loss will be incurred. In the opinion of management, after consultation with counsel, the resolution of all ongoing legal proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on the condensed consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows of IBG, Inc. IBG, Inc. accounts for potential losses related to litigation in accordance with SFAS No. 5 Accounting for Contingencies. As of June 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006, reserves provided for potential losses related to litigation matters were not material.
Guarantees
Certain of the Operating Companies provide guarantees to securities clearing houses and exchanges which meet the accounting definition of a guarantee under FIN No. 45, Guarantors Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others. Under the standard membership agreement, members are required to guarantee collectively the performance of other members. Under the agreements, if another member becomes unable to satisfy its obligations to the clearinghouse, other members would be required to meet shortfalls. In the opinion of management, the Operating Companies liability under these arrangements is not quantifiable and could exceed the cash and securities they have posted as collateral. However, the potential for these Operating Companies to be required to make payments under these arrangements is remote. Accordingly, no contingent liability is carried on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of financial condition for these arrangements.
In connection with its retail brokerage business, IB LLC performs securities and commodities execution, clearance and settlement on behalf of its customers for whom it commits to settle trades submitted by such customers with the respective clearing houses. If a customer fails to fulfill its obligation, IB LLC must fulfill the customers obligation with the trade counterparty.
IB LLC is fully secured by assets in customers accounts and any proceeds received from securities and commodities transactions entered into by IB LLC on behalf of customers. No contingent liability is carried on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of financial condition for these fully collateralized transactions.
21
Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts or unless otherwise noted)
Other Commitments
Certain clearing houses and clearing banks and firms used by certain Operating Companies are given a security interest in certain assets of those Operating Companies held by those clearing organizations. These assets may be applied to satisfy the obligations of those Operating Companies to the respective clearing organizations.
8. Segment and Geographic Information
IBG, Inc. operates in two business segments, market making and electronic brokerage. IBG, Inc. conducts its market making business through its Timber Hill subsidiaries on the worlds leading exchanges and market centers, primarily in exchange-traded equities, equity options and equity-index options and futures. IBG, Inc. conducts its electronic brokerage business through its Interactive Brokers subsidiaries, which provide electronic execution and clearing services to customers worldwide.
There are significant transactions and balances between the Operating Companies, primarily as a result of certain Operating Companies holding exchange or clearing organization memberships, which are utilized to provide execution and clearing services to affiliates. Intra-segment and intra-region income and expenses and related balances have been eliminated in this segment and geographic information in order to accurately reflect the external business conducted in each segment or geographical region. Rates on transactions between segments are designed to approximate full costs. Corporate items include non-allocated corporate income and expenses that are not attributed to segments for performance measurement, corporate assets and eliminations.
Management believes that the following information by business segment provides a reasonable representation of each segments contribution to total net revenues, income before income taxes and to total assets as of June 30, 2007 and December 31, 2006 and for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2007 and 2006 were:
|
|
Three months ended June 30, |
|
Six months ended June 30, |
|
||||||||
|
|
2007 |
|
2006 |
|
2007 |
|
2006 |
|
||||
Net revenues: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Market making |
|
$ |
189,442 |
|
$ |
211,814 |
|
$ |
422,736 |
|
$ |
474,889 |
|
Electronic brokerage |
|
100,787 |
|
76,189 |
|
195,287 |
|
141,398 |
|
||||
Corporate and eliminations |
|
4,503 |
|
2,785 |
|
7,518 |
|
3,070 |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Total net revenues |
|
$ |
294,732 |
|
$ |
290,788 |
|
$ |
625,541 |
|
$ |
619,357 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Income before income taxes: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Market making |
|
$ |
116,479 |
|
$ |
134,451 |
|
$ |
270,490 |
|
$ |
329,060 |
|
Electronic brokerage |
|
44,780 |
|
29,527 |
|
79,452 |
|
51,321 |
|
||||
Corporate and eliminations |
|
3,394 |
|
445 |
|
5,049 |
|
(599 |
) |
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Total income before income taxes |
|
$ |
164,653 |
|
$ |
164,423 |
|
$ |
354,991 |
|
$ |
379,782 |
|
|
June 30, |
|
December 31, |
|
|||
|
|
2007 |
|
2006 |
|
||
Segment assets: |
|
|
|
|
|
||
Market making |
|
$ |
27,300,780 |
|
$ |
28,007,880 |
|
Electronic brokerage |
|
6,709,721 |
|
4,761,244 |
|
||
Corporate and eliminations |
|
(465,678 |
) |
(688,606 |
) |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Total assets |
|
$ |
33,544,823 |
|
$ |
32,080,518 |
|
22
Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Unaudited)
(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts or unless otherwise noted)
IBG, Inc. operates in both U.S. and international markets on more than 60 exchanges and market centers. A significant portion of IBG, Inc.s net revenues are generated by consolidated subsidiaries operating outside the United States, primarily THE, which is operated and managed in Zug, Switzerland. International operations are comprised of market making and electronic brokerage activities in 23 countries in Europe, Asia and North America (outside the United States). The following table presents total net revenues and income before income taxes by geographic area for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2007 and 2006:
|
|
Three months ended June 30, |
|
Six months ended June 30, |
|
||||||||
|
|
2007 |
|
2006 |
|
2007 |
|
2006 |
|
||||
Net revenues: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
United States |
|
$ |
216,794 |
|
$ |
231,771 |
|
$ |
463,385 |
|
$ |
488,961 |
|
International |
|
74,494 |
|
56,348 |
|
156,973 |
|
126,783 |
|
||||
Corporate and eliminations |
|
3,444 |
|
2,669 |
|
5,183 |
|
3,613 |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Total net revenues |
|
$ |
294,732 |
|
$ |
290,788 |
|
$ |
625,541 |
|
$ |
619,357 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Income before income taxes: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
United States |
|
$ |
130,961 |
|
$ |
147,062 |
|
$ |
283,457 |
|
$ |
323,281 |
|
International |
|
31,325 |
|
17,029 |
|
68,780 |
|
56,606 |
|
||||
Corporate and eliminations |
|
2,367 |
|
332 |
|
2,754 |
|
(105 |
) |
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Total income before income taxes |
|
$ |
164,653 |
|
$ |
164,423 |
|
$ |
354,991 |
|
$ |
379,782 |
|
9. Regulatory Requirements
At June 30, 2007, aggregate excess net capital for all of the Operating Companies was $1,596,188.
TH LLC and IB LLC are subject to the Uniform Net Capital Rule (Rule 15c3-1) under the Exchange Act and the CFTCs minimum financial requirements (Regulation 1.17). At June 30, 2007, TH LLC had net capital of $720,519, which was $706,931 in excess of required net capital of $13,588, and IB LLC had net capital of $315,441, which was $279,404 in excess of required net capital of $36,037.
THE is subject to the Swiss National Bank eligible equity requirement. At June 30, 2007, THE had eligible equity of $641,899, which was $425,772 in excess of the minimum requirement of $216,127.
THSHK is subject to the Hong Kong Securities Futures Commission liquid capital requirement, THA is subject to the Australian Stock Exchange liquid capital requirement, THC and IBC are subject to the Investment Dealers Association of Canada risk-adjusted capital requirement and IBUK is subject to the U.K. Financial Services Authority financial resources requirement.
At June 30, 2007, all of the Operating Companies were in compliance with their respective regulatory capital requirements.
Regulatory capital requirements could restrict the Operating Companies from expanding their business and declaring dividends if their net capital does not meet regulatory requirements. Also, certain entities within IBG, Inc. are subject to other regulatory restrictions and requirements.
10. Related Party Transactions
On June 28, 2007, THE and The TP Holdings Limited Partnership (TP Holdings), an affiliated entity of Thomas Peterffy, entered into a Claims Purchase Agreement. Pursuant to the agreement, THE sold to TP Holdings for cash of $37,000 certain claims arising from an unusual trading loss of approximately $37,000 that occurred on a German exchange in May 2007. Under the terms of the Claims Purchase Agreement, in the event that TP Holdings collects an amount in excess of the purchase price plus out-of-pocket expenses, it will remit such excess amount to THE. In accordance with IBG, Inc.s related party transaction policy, the transaction was approved by IBG, Inc.s audit committee of its board of directors. The trading loss is reported in trading gains in the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of income. Because the recovery of the loss was received from an affiliate, the payment to THE has been accounted for as a capital contribution, $3,882 is recorded as an increase to additional paid in capital, with the remainder recorded as an increase to minority interest.
Included in payable to customers in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statement of financial condition as of June 30, 2007 are director and officer account balances of $1,001,620.
23
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes in Item 1, included elsewhere in this report. The following discussion also contains, in addition to historical information, forward-looking statements that include risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including those set forth under the heading Risk Factors in our Prospectus filed with the SEC on May 4, 2007 and elsewhere in this report.
Introduction
We are an automated global electronic market maker and broker specializing in routing orders and executing and processing trades in securities, futures and foreign exchange instruments as a member of more than 60 electronic exchanges and trading venues around the world. Since our inception in 1977, we have focused on developing proprietary software to automate broker-dealer functions. The advent of electronic exchanges in the last 17 years has provided us with the opportunity to integrate our software with an increasing number of exchanges and trading venues into one automatically functioning, computerized platform that requires minimal human intervention.
Our activities are divided into two business segments:
· Market Making. We conduct our market making business through our Timber Hill subsidiaries. As one of the largest market makers on many of the worlds leading exchanges, we provide liquidity by offering competitively tight bid/offer spreads over a broad base of approximately 390,000 tradable, exchange-listed products. As principal, we commit our own capital and derive revenues or incur losses from the difference between the price paid when securities are bought (or sold) and the price received when those securities are sold (or bought). Because we provide continuous bid and offer quotations and we are continuously both buying and selling quoted securities, we may have either a long or a short position in a particular product at a given point in time. Our entire portfolio is evaluated each second and continuously rebalanced throughout the trading day, thus minimizing the risk of our portfolio at all times. This real-time rebalancing of our portfolio, together with our real-time proprietary risk management system, enables us to curtail risk and to be profitable in both up-market and down-market scenarios.
· Electronic Brokerage. We conduct our electronic brokerage business through our Interactive Brokers (IB) subsidiaries. As an electronic broker, we execute, clear and settle trades globally for both institutional and individual customers. Capitalizing on the technology originally developed for our market making business, IBs systems provide our customers with the capability to monitor multiple markets around the world simultaneously and to execute trades electronically in these markets at a low cost, in multiple products and currencies from a single trading account. We offer our customers access to all classes of tradable, exchange-listed products, including stocks, bonds, options, futures and forex, traded on more than 50 exchanges and market centers and in 16 countries around the world seamlessly.
When we use the terms we, us, and our, we mean IBG LLC and its subsidiaries for periods prior to the IPO, and IBG, Inc. and its subsidiaries (including IBG LLC) for periods from and after the IPO. On May 3, 2007, IBG, Inc. priced its initial public offering of shares of Common Stock. In connection with the IPO, IBG, Inc. purchased 10.0% of the membership interests in IBG LLC, became the sole managing member of IBG LLC and began to consolidate IBG LLCs financial results into its financial statements. Historical results of operations are reported as a limited liability company until the IPO and do not include, franchise tax, minority interest, and federal income taxes. Such items are included in subsequent periods. Therefore the historical results for periods prior to the IPO and subsequent thereto are not comparable. This MD&A includes certain pro forma financial data to present our results of operation on a more comparable basis. See Results of Operations below, for additional information regarding pro forma financial data.
Executive Overview
GAAP diluted earnings per share was $0.17 for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2007. The calculation of diluted earnings per share is detailed in Note 4, Initial Public Offering and Recapitalization, to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, Part 1, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
On a pro forma basis, IBG, Inc.s diluted earnings per share were $0.28 for the three months ended June 30, 2007, compared to $0.24 for the three months ended June 30, 2006.
24
For the three months ended June 30, 2007, our net revenues were $294.7 million and income before income taxes was $164.5 million, compared to net revenues of $290.8 million and income before income taxes of $164.4 million for the same period in 2006. Trading gains were 15% lower in the second quarter of 2007 compared to the same period last year and net revenues outside of trading gains, which include commissions and execution fees and net interest income, were up by 26% for the same time period. Our pre-tax margin, for the three months ended June 30, 2007, was 56%, compared to 57% for the same period in 2006.
During the three months ended June 30, 2007, income before income taxes in our market making segment decreased 13%, compared with the three months ended June 30, 2006, reflecting lower trading gains. In May, we incurred an unusual, non-recurring loss of approximately $37 million that occurred on a German exchange, which we believe was largely due to an unlawful price manipulation. Excluding this loss, market making income before income taxes would have been 13% higher, for the three months ended June 30, 2007, compared to the same period last year. Market making trade volume, for the three months ended June 30, 2007, grew by 47% from the same period last year, primarily in stocks; however, market making options contracts volume declined by 5% from the same period last year, as we decreased our quote sizes in many options in order to reduce our exposure to front running of corporate announcements.
During the three months ended June 30, 2007, income before income taxes in our electronic brokerage segment increased 52%, compared with the second quarter of 2006, reflecting higher revenues from commission and execution fees and growth in net interest income. The increase in commission and execution fees was related to robust growth in transaction volume and customer accounts. Total daily average revenue trades (DARTs) for cleared and execution-only customers increased 14% to 236,000 during the three months ended June 30, 2007, compared to 207,000 during the three months ended June 30, 2006. Cleared DARTs increased by 13% to 189,000. During this quarter, we discontinued servicing certain non-cleared institutional customers who received payment for order flow. This impacted our overall volumes unfavorably, but had a positive impact on earnings. The increase in net interest was driven by the growth in customer balances and fully secured margin loans. Customer accounts increased 19% year-over-year and customer equity grew by 45% year-over-year. Average annualized DARTs per account were 546 in the second quarter of 2007 and average annualized net revenue per account was $4,691.
On a pro forma basis, IBG, Inc.s diluted earnings per share were $0.58 for each of the six months ended June 30, 2007 and 2006.
For the six months ended June 30, 2007, our net revenues were $625.5 million and income before income taxes was $355.0 million, compared to net revenues of $619.4 million and income before income taxes of $379.8 million for the same period in 2006. Trading gains were 13% lower in the first six months of 2007, compared to the same period last year; however, net revenues outside of trading gains were up by 27% for the same time period. Trading gains were impacted by the previously described loss in Germany. Our pre-tax margin for the six months ended June 30, 2007 was 57%, compared to 61% for the same period in 2006.
During the six months ended June 30, 2007, income before income taxes in our market making segment decreased 18%, compared with the six months ended June 30, 2006, reflecting lower trading gains. The decrease in trading gains was driven in part by heavy options activity in advance of certain corporate announcements, which had a negative impact on our profits in the first quarter of 2007 and by the previously described loss in Europe in the second quarter of 2007.
During the six months ended June 30, 2007, income before income taxes in our electronic brokerage segment increased 55% compared to the first six months of 2006, reflecting higher revenues from commission and execution fees and growth in net interest income. The increase in commission and execution fees was related to strong growth in transaction volume and customer accounts. DARTs for cleared and execution-only customers increased 22% to 240,000 during the six months ended June 30, 2007, compared to 196,000 during the six months ended June 30, 2006. The increase in net interest was driven by the growth in customer balances and fully secured margin loans.
Market making, by its nature, does not produce predictable earnings. Our results in any given period may be materially affected by volumes in the global financial markets, the level of competition and other factors. Electronic brokerage is more predictable but is also dependent on customer activity, growth in customer accounts and assets, interest rates and other factors. For a further discussion of the factors that may affect our future operating results, please see the description of risk factors in our filings made with the SEC.
25
The following tables present historical trading volumes for our business. However volumes are not the only drivers in our business:
TRADE VOLUMES:
(in 000s, except %)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Brokerage |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Market |
|
|
|
Brokerage |
|
|
|
Non |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Avg. Trades |
|
|
|
Making |
|
% |
|
Cleared |
|
% |
|
Cleared |
|
% |
|
Total |
|
% |
|
per US |
|
Period |
|
Trades |
|
change |
|
Trades |
|
change |
|
Trades |
|
change |
|
Trades |
|
change |
|
Trading Day |
|
2003 |
|
32,772 |
|
|
|
22,748 |
|
|
|
2,367 |
|
|
|
57,887 |
|
|
|
230 |
|
2004 |
|
41,506 |
|
27 |
% |
28,876 |
|
27 |
% |
2,932 |
|
24 |
% |
73,314 |
|
27 |
% |
290 |
|
2005 |
|
54,044 |
|
30 |
% |
34,800 |
|
21 |
% |
7,380 |
|
152 |
% |
96,224 |
|
31 |
% |
382 |
|
2006 |
|
66,043 |
|
22 |
% |
51,238 |
|
47 |
% |
12,828 |
|
74 |
% |
130,109 |
|
35 |
% |
518 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2Q2006 |
|
16,497 |
|
|
|
13,638 |
|
|
|
3,222 |
|
|
|
33,357 |
|
|
|
529 |
|
2Q2007 |
|
24,169 |
|
47 |
% |
15,787 |
|
16 |
% |
3,961 |
|
23 |
% |
43,917 |
|
32 |
% |
697 |
|
26
CONTRACT AND SHARE VOLUMES:
(in 000s, except %)
TOTAL
|
|
Options |
|
% |
|
Futures* |
|
% |
|
Stocks |
|
% |
|
Period |
|
(contracts) |
|
change |
|
(contracts) |
|
change |
|
(shares) |
|
change |
|
2003 |
|
194,358 |
|
|
|
31,034 |
|
|
|
17,038,250 |
|
|
|
2004 |
|
269,715 |
|
39 |
% |
37,748 |
|
22 |
% |
17,487,528 |
|
3 |
% |
2005 |
|
409,794 |
|
52 |
% |
44,560 |
|
18 |
% |
21,925,120 |
|
25 |
% |
2006 |
|
563,623 |
|
38 |
% |
62,419 |
|
40 |
% |
34,493,410 |
|
57 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2Q2006 |
|
154,777 |
|
|
|
16,673 |
|
|
|
9,286,784 |
|
|
|
2Q2007 |
|
153,370 |
|
-1 |
% |
19,141 |
|
15 |
% |
11,201,297 |
|
21 |
% |
MARKET MAKING
|
|
Options |
|
% |
|
Futures* |
|
% |
|
Stocks |
|
% |
|
Period |
|
(contracts) |
|
change |
|
(contracts) |
|
change |
|
(shares) |
|
change |
|
2003 |
|
177,459 |
|
|
|
6,638 |
|
|
|
12,578,584 |
|
|
|
2004 |
|
236,569 |
|
33 |
% |
10,511 |
|
58 |
% |
12,600,280 |
|
0 |
% |
2005 |
|
308,613 |
|
30 |
% |
11,551 |
|
10 |
% |
15,625,801 |
|
24 |
% |
2006 |
|
371,929 |
|
21 |
% |
14,818 |
|
28 |
% |
21,180,377 |
|
36 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2Q2006 |
|
104,348 |
|
|
|
4,233 |
|
|
|
6,059,452 |
|
|
|
2Q2007 |
|
99,032 |
|
-5 |
% |
3,169 |
|
-25 |
% |
5,359,564 |
|
-12 |
% |
BROKERAGE TOTAL
|
|
Options |
|
% |
|
Futures* |
|
% |
|
Stocks |
|
% |
|
Period |
|
(contracts) |
|
change |
|
(contracts) |
|
change |
|
(shares) |
|
change |
|
2003 |
|
16,898 |
|
|
|
24,396 |
|
|
|
4,459,667 |
|
|
|
2004 |
|
33,146 |
|
96 |
% |
27,237 |
|
12 |
% |
4,887,247 |
|
10 |
% |
2005 |
|
101,181 |
|
205 |
% |
33,009 |
|
21 |
% |
6,299,319 |
|
29 |
% |
2006 |
|
191,694 |
|
89 |
% |
47,601 |
|
44 |
% |
13,313,033 |
|
111 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2Q2006 |
|
50,429 |
|
|
|
12,440 |
|
|
|
3,227,332 |
|
|
|
2Q2007 |
|
54,338 |
|
8 |
% |
15,972 |
|
28 |
% |
5,841,733 |
|
81 |
% |
BROKERAGE CLEARED
|
|
Options |
|
% |
|
Futures* |
|
% |
|
Stocks |
|
% |
|
Period |
|
(contracts) |
|
change |
|
(contracts) |
|
change |
|
(shares) |
|
change |
|
2003 |
|
11,351 |
|
|
|
19,086 |
|
|
|
3,612,503 |
|
|
|
2004 |
|
16,438 |
|
45 |
% |
24,118 |
|
26 |
% |
4,339,462 |
|
20 |
% |
2005 |
|
23,456 |
|
43 |
% |
30,646 |
|
27 |
% |
5,690,308 |
|
31 |
% |
2006 |
|
32,384 |
|
38 |
% |
45,351 |
|
48 |
% |
12,492,870 |
|
120 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2Q2006 |
|
8,393 |
|
|
|
11,840 |
|
|
|
3,079,172 |
|
|
|
2Q2007 |
|
12,019 |
|
43 |
% |
15,501 |
|
31 |
% |
5,311,592 |
|
73 |
% |
* Includes options on futures
27
Brokerage statistics:
(in 000s, except % and where noted)
|
2Q2007 |
|
2Q2006 |
|
% Change |
|
|||
Total Accounts |
|
86 |
|
72 |
|
19 |
% |
||
Customer Equity (in Billions) * |
|
$ |
7.4 |
|
$ |
5.1 |
|
45 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Cleared DARTs |
|
189 |
|
167 |
|
13 |
% |
||
Total Customer DARTs |
|
236 |
|
207 |
|
14 |
% |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
(in $s, except DART per account) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Avg. Commission per DART |
|
$ |
4.86 |
|
$ |
4.16 |
|
|
|
Avg. DART per Account (Annualized) |
|
546 |
|
583 |
|
|
|
||
Avg. Net Revenue per Account (Annualized) |
|
$ |
4,691 |
|
$ |
4,229 |
|
|
|
* Excluding Non-Customers (i.e., officers, directors and affiliated parties)
Business Environment
According to data compiled by the Futures Industry Association (FIA) and based on data received from exchanges worldwide, volumes in exchange-listed equity-based options increased by approximately 26% globally and 24% in the U.S. during the three months ended June 30, 2007, compared to the same period in 2006. For the six months ended June 30, 2007, volumes in exchange-listed equity-based options increased by approximately 25% globally and in the U.S. compared to the same period in 2006. This is a continuation of a trend we have observed over the past six years, and we believe that as the equity culture spreads around the world this trend is likely to continue. We have also observed a rise in certain types of options activity that are driven by non-trading strategies. One such strategy results in spikes in trading volume prior to ex-dividend dates that would appear to be overstating the exchange-reported volumes, especially in the United States. Such activity does not represent trades with which other market participants, including market makers and customers, can interact. We cannot estimate the impact this activity has on overall trading volumes.
In February 2007, the SEC introduced a penny pricing pilot program for 13 classes of options. Options in the pilot program trade in minimum price increments of one cent, rather than the five and ten cent increments quoted in other options classes. Overall, the results of the pilot were favorable to our business, which we believe is a reflection of our ability to compete at narrower bid/offer spreads. The penny pricing pilot has been considered a success by the SEC. On September 28, 2007, the SEC plans to authorize additional option classes for trading in pennies. At that time penny priced options will cover roughly 35% of U.S. options volume. On March 28, 2008, penny pricing will be rolled out to additional options classes, extending to 63 options classes that account for roughly 58% of U.S. options volume.
According to data compiled by the FIA and based on data received from exchanges worldwide, in the first six months of 2007 we accounted for approximately 14.0% of the exchange-listed equity options volume traded worldwide and approximately 19.2% of exchange-listed equity options volume traded in the U.S. This is compared to approximately 16.2% of the exchange-listed equity options volume traded worldwide and approximately 22.2% of the exchange-listed equity options volume traded in the U.S. in the first six months of 2006.
In Market Making, volume growth in the first six months of 2007 was partially offset by heavy options trading activity ahead of certain corporate announcements. Recently, this activity has been receiving greater attention from securities regulators, which may lead to a curtailed impact of such events on the options markets in the future. Our brokerage volumes exhibited strong growth across all product classes: options, futures, stocks and foreign exchange.
28
Results of Operations
The tables in the period comparisons below provide summaries of our revenues and expenses. The period-to-period comparisons below of financial results are not necessarily indicative of future results. Historical results of operations are reported as a limited liability company until the IPO and do not include franchise tax, minority interest, and federal income taxes. Such items are included in subsequent periods. Therefore the historical results for periods prior to the IPO and subsequent thereto are not comparable. This MD&A includes certain pro forma financial data to present our results of operations on a more comparable basis.
The following table sets forth our consolidated results of operations for the indicated periods:
|
|
Three Months |
|
Six Months |
|
||||||||
|
|
Ended June 30, |
|
Ended June 30, |
|
||||||||
|
|
2007 |
|
2006 |
|
2007 |
|
2006 |
|
||||
|
|
(in millions) |
|
||||||||||
Consolidated Statement of Income Data |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|