As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 29, 2010
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 20-F
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009
Commission file number 001-15266
BANCO DE CHILE
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
BANK OF CHILE
(Translation of Registrants name into English)
REPUBLIC OF CHILE
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
Banco de Chile
Paseo Ahumada 251
Santiago, Chile
(562) 637-1111
(Address of principal executive offices)
Pedro Samhan E.
Banco de Chile
Paseo Ahumada 251
Santiago, Chile
Telephone: (562) 653-5150
Facsimile: (562) 653-5156
(Name, telephone, e-mail and/or facsimile number and address of company contact person)
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class |
Name of each exchange on which registered | |
American Depositary Shares, each representing 600 shares of common stock, without nominal (par) value (ADSs)
Shares of common stock, without nominal (par) value |
New York Stock Exchange
New York Stock Exchange (for listing purposes only) |
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
(Title of Class)
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:
None
(Title of Class)
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuers classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report:
Shares of common stock: 82,551,699,423
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes x No ¨
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Yes ¨ No x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of accelerated filer and large accelerated filer in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer x Accelerated filer ¨ Non-accelerated filer ¨
Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:
U.S. GAAP ¨ IFRS x Other ¨
If Other has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. ¨ Item 17 ¨ Item 18
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x
i
THE MERGER
On January 1, 2008, Banco de Chile merged with Citibank Chile in a transaction in which Banco de Chile was the surviving corporate entity. As used in this annual report, unless the context otherwise requires, references to Banco de Chile relating to any date or period prior to January 1, 2008 (the effective date of the merger) are to Banco de Chile as it existed prior to the consummation of the merger, and such references relating to any date or period on or after January 1, 2008 are to Banco de Chile after the consummation of the merger.
PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL INFORMATION
We prepare our audited consolidated financial statements in Chilean pesos and in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). References in this annual report to IFRS mean IFRS as issued by the IASB. These are our first annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRS.
Until and including our consolidated financial statements included in our annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2008, we prepared our audited consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in Chile as supplemented by the applicable rules of the Chilean Superintendency of Banks and Financial Institutions (Chilean GAAP), with reconciliations to U.S. GAAP. As required by IFRS 1First Time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standardsthe Banks financial position and results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2008 have been restated in accordance with IFRS. Reconciliations and description of the transition to IFRS, and the effects on equity and net income are presented in Note 5 to our audited consolidated financial statements.
Unless otherwise indicated, the financial information included in this annual report with respect to 2008 and 2009 has been derived from financial statements that have been prepared in accordance with IFRS. IFRS differs in certain significant respects from Chilean GAAP. As a result, our financial information presented under IFRS is not directly comparable to our financial information presented under Chilean GAAP. Accordingly, readers should avoid such comparison.
Following our adoption of IFRS, we are no longer required to reconcile our financial statements to U.S. GAAP.
In this annual report, references to $, U.S.$, U.S. dollars and dollars are to United States dollars, references to pesos or Ch$ are to Chilean pesos, and references to UF are to Unidades de Fomento. The UF is an inflation-indexed Chilean monetary unit of account with a value in Chilean pesos that is linked to and adjusted daily to reflect changes in the Consumer Price Index of the Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas, or the Chilean National Statistics Institute. As of December 31, 2009, one UF equaled U.S.$41.35 and Ch$20,942.88. See Note 2(f) to our audited consolidated financial statements. Percentages and certain dollar and peso amounts contained in this annual report have been rounded for ease of presentation.
This annual report contains translations of certain Chilean peso amounts into U.S. dollars at specified rates solely for your convenience. These translations should not be construed as representations that the Chilean peso amounts actually represent such U.S. dollar amounts, were converted from U.S. dollars at the rate indicated in preparing our audited consolidated financial statements or could be converted into U.S. dollars at the rate indicated. Unless otherwise indicated, such U.S. dollar amounts have been translated from Chilean pesos based on the observed exchange rate, as described in Item 3. Key InformationSelected Financial DataExchange Rates, reported by the Banco Central de Chile, or the Central Bank of Chile (the Central Bank), for December 30, 2009 (the latest practicable date, as December 31, 2009 was a banking holiday in Chile). The observed exchange rate on June 18, 2010 was Ch$530.36 = U.S.$1.00. The rate reported by the Central Bank is based on the rate for the prior business day in Chile and is the exchange rate specified by the Chilean Superintendency of Banks and Financial Institutions (the Chilean Superintendency of Banks) to be used by Chilean banks in the preparation of their financial statements. The Federal Reserve Bank of New York does not report a noon buying rate for Chilean pesos.
1
Unless otherwise specified, all references in this annual report to total loans are to loans to customers before deduction of allowances for loan losses, and they do not include loans to banks or contingent loans. In addition, all market share data presented in this annual report are based on information published periodically by the Chilean Superintendency of Banks, which is published under Chilean GAAP. Non-performing loans include loans as to which either principal or interest is overdue. Past-due loans include, with respect to any loan, the portion of principal or interest that is 90 or more days overdue. See Item 4. Information on the CompanySelected Statistical InformationClassification of Loan Portfolio Based on the Borrowers Payment Performance.
Certain figures included in this annual report and in our audited consolidated financial statements have been rounded for ease of presentation. Percentage figures included in this annual report have not in all cases been calculated on the basis of such rounded figures but on the basis of such amounts prior to rounding. For this reason, percentage amounts in this annual report may vary slightly from those obtained by performing the same calculations using the figures in our audited consolidated financial statements. Certain other amounts that appear in this annual report may similarly not sum due to rounding.
This annual report considers that regulatory capital (Regulatory Capital) consists of:
| basic capital, which is composed of the Banks paid-in capital, reserves and retained earnings, excluding capital attributable to subsidiaries and foreign branches (Basic Capital); and |
| supplementary capital, which is composed of the following: |
- | the Banks subordinated bonds, considered at issue price (reduced 20.0% for each year during the period commencing six years prior to maturity), but not exceeding 50.0% of its Basic Capital; plus |
- | the Banks voluntary allowances for loan losses, up to 1.25% of risk-weighted assets to the extent voluntary allowances exceed those that banks are required to maintain by law or regulation; minus |
- | the Banks goodwill and the unconsolidated investments in companies. |
MACRO-ECONOMIC AND MARKET DATA
In this annual report, all macro-economic data relating to the Chilean economy is based on information published by the Central Bank. All market share and other data relating to the Chilean financial system are based on information published by the Chilean Superintendency of Banks.
PART I
Item 1. | Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisors |
Not Applicable.
Item 2. | Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable |
Not Applicable.
2
Item 3. | Key Information |
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following tables present historical financial information about us as of the dates and for each of the periods indicated. The following tables should be read in conjunction with, and are qualified in their entirety by reference to, our audited consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this annual report. The financial information as of January 1, 2008 and for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2009 is presented under IFRS.
Our audited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with IFRS for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2009. In addition, our consolidated statement of financial position data as of January 1, 2008 has also been prepared in accordance with IFRS. Prior to January 1, 2008 the bank prepared its audited consolidated financial statements in accordance with Chilean GAAP. Reconciliations and description of the transition to IFRS, and the effects on equity and net income are presented in Note 5 to our audited consolidated financial statements.
At or for the year ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
2008 | 2009 | 2009 | ||||||||||
(in millions of Ch$, except share data) |
(in thousands of U.S.$) |
|||||||||||
IFRS: |
||||||||||||
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME DATA |
||||||||||||
Interest revenue |
Ch$ | 1,659,350 | Ch$ | 900,407 | U.S.$ | 1,777,949 | ||||||
Interest expense |
(893,081 | ) | (232,028 | ) | (458,164 | ) | ||||||
Net interest income |
766,269 | 668,379 | 1,319,785 | |||||||||
Net fees and commissions income |
235,189 | 251,216 | 496,052 | |||||||||
Net financial operating income |
384,836 | (138,179 | ) | (272,849 | ) | |||||||
Foreign exchange transactions, net |
(353,012 | ) | 220,999 | 436,386 | ||||||||
Other operating income |
30,937 | 22,190 | 43,816 | |||||||||
Provisions for loan losses |
(149,374 | ) | (241,345 | ) | (476,561 | ) | ||||||
Total operating expenses |
(556,501 | ) | (481,965 | ) | (951,690 | ) | ||||||
Income attributable to associates |
3,564 | 840 | 1,659 | |||||||||
Income before income taxes |
361,908 | 302,135 | 596,598 | |||||||||
Income taxes |
(35,313 | ) | (40,389 | ) | (79,753 | ) | ||||||
Net income from continued operations, net of taxes |
326,595 | 261,746 | 516,845 | |||||||||
Net income from discontinued operations, net of taxes |
38,459 | | | |||||||||
Net income for the year |
365,054 | 261,746 | 516,845 | |||||||||
Attributable to: |
||||||||||||
Equity holders of the parent |
365,052 | 261,744 | 516,841 | |||||||||
Non-controlling interest |
2 | 2 | 4 | |||||||||
Earnings per share(1) |
4.52 | 3.18 | 0.006 | |||||||||
Dividends per share(2) |
3.37 | 2.72 | 0.005 | |||||||||
Weighted average number of shares (in millions) |
80,746.98 | 82,185.28 | |
3
As of January 1, | At or for the year ended December 31, | |||||||||||
2008 | 2008 | 2009 | 2009 | |||||||||
(in millions of Ch$, except share data) | (in thousands of U.S.$) | |||||||||||
IFRS: |
||||||||||||
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION DATA |
||||||||||||
Cash and due from banks |
Ch$ | 331,517 | Ch$ | 751,223 | Ch$ | 727,553 | U.S.$ | 1,436,631 | ||||
Transactions in the course of collection |
542,579 | 807,625 | 526,051 | 1,038,744 | ||||||||
Financial assets held-for-trading |
928,634 | 626,864 | 351,590 | 694,252 | ||||||||
Receivables from repurchase agreements and security borrowing |
69,130 | 75,519 | 79,401 | 156,786 | ||||||||
Derivative instruments |
81,048 | 902,351 | 565,986 | 1,117,600 | ||||||||
Loans and advances to banks |
278,591 | 321,992 | 448,981 | 886,561 | ||||||||
Loans to customers, net |
10,424,603 | 13,460,464 | 12,879,155 | 25,431,264 | ||||||||
Financial assets available-for-sale |
1,062 | 1,073,552 | 1,267,774 | 2,503,355 | ||||||||
Investments in other companies |
7,942 | 11,293 | 10,494 | 20,722 | ||||||||
Intangible assets |
25,520 | 94,324 | 88,182 | 174,125 | ||||||||
Property and equipment |
199,403 | 211,379 | 205,847 | 406,467 | ||||||||
Investment properties |
16,459 | 18,397 | 17,840 | 35,227 | ||||||||
Current tax assets |
| | | | ||||||||
Deferred tax assets, net |
16,033 | 21,868 | 49,733 | 98,203 | ||||||||
Assets classified as held-for-sale |
413,062 | | | | ||||||||
Other assets |
449,798 | 251,487 | 282,872 | 558,561 | ||||||||
Total assets |
13,785,381 | 18,628,338 | 17,501,459 | 34,558,498 | ||||||||
Current accounts and other demand deposits |
2,285,357 | 3,007,261 | 3,718,076 | 7,341,737 | ||||||||
Transactions in the course of payment |
308,623 | 479,789 | 325,056 | 641,858 | ||||||||
Payables from repurchase agreements and security lending |
355,183 | 420,658 | 308,028 | 608,234 | ||||||||
Saving accounts and time deposits |
6,393,113 | 8,472,590 | 7,427,481 | 14,666,353 | ||||||||
Derivative instruments |
120,162 | 863,514 | 538,240 | 1,062,812 | ||||||||
Borrowings from financial institutions |
857,329 | 1,498,549 | 1,368,226 | 2,701,708 | ||||||||
Debt issued |
1,615,927 | 1,900,087 | 1,587,998 | 3,135,671 | ||||||||
Other financial obligations |
63,041 | 93,708 | 176,150 | 347,827 | ||||||||
Currents tax liabilities |
5,922 | 9,053 | 39,018 | 77,045 | ||||||||
Deferred tax liabilities, net |
| | | | ||||||||
Provisions |
79,090 | 121,215 | 88,607 | 174,964 | ||||||||
Employee benefits |
34,991 | 45,912 | 43,202 | 85,307 | ||||||||
Liabilities classified as held-for-sale |
385,408 | | | | ||||||||
Other liabilities |
228,656 | 210,684 | 280,392 | 553,668 | ||||||||
Total liabilities |
12,732,802 | 17,123,020 | 15,900,474 | 31,397,184 | ||||||||
Total equity |
Ch$ | 1,052,579 | Ch$ | 1,505,318 | Ch$ | 1,600,985 | U.S.$ | 3,161,314 | ||||
4
As of January 1, | At or for the year ended December 31, |
|||||||
2008 | 2008 | 2009 | ||||||
IFRS: |
||||||||
CONSOLIDATED RATIOS |
||||||||
Profitability and Performance |
||||||||
Net interest margin(3) |
| 5.11 | % | 4.32 | % | |||
Return on average total assets(4) |
| 2.18 | 1.51 | |||||
Return on average equity(5) |
| 24.45 | 16.85 | |||||
Capital |
||||||||
Average equity as a percentage of average total assets |
| 8.93 | 8.99 | |||||
Bank regulatory capital as a percentage of minimum regulatory capital |
183.60 | 192.01 | 234.93 | |||||
Ratio of liabilities to regulatory capital(6) |
15.71 | 15.02 | 11.87 | |||||
Credit Quality |
||||||||
Substandard loans as a percentage of total loans(7) |
3.67 | 4.96 | 5.80 | |||||
Allowances for loan losses as a percentage of substandard loans(7) |
33.46 | 33.14 | 40.76 | |||||
Allowances for loan losses as a percentage of total loans |
1.23 | 1.64 | 2.37 | |||||
Consolidated risk index |
1.23 | 1.64 | 2.37 | |||||
Operating Ratios |
||||||||
Operating expenses/operating revenue |
| 52.29 | 47.04 | |||||
Operating expenses/average total assets |
| 3.33 | 2.79 |
(1) | Earnings per share data have been calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. |
(2) | Dividends per share data are calculated by dividing the amount of the dividend paid during each year by the previous years number of shares outstanding. |
(3) | Net interest income divided by average interest earning assets. The average balances for interest earning assets, including interest and readjustments, have been calculated on the basis of our daily balances and on the basis of monthly balances for our subsidiaries. |
(4) | Net income (loss) divided by average total assets. The average balances for total assets have been calculated on the basis of our daily balances and on the basis of monthly balances for our subsidiaries. |
(5) | Net income (loss) divided by average equity. The average balances for equity have been calculated on the basis of our daily balances. |
(6) | Total liabilities divided by bank regulatory capital. |
(7) | See Item 4. Information on the CompanySelected Statistical InformationAnalysis of Substandard Loans and Amounts Past Due. |
5
Exchange Rates
As a general matter, prior to 1989, Chilean law permitted the purchase and sale of foreign exchange only in those cases explicitly authorized by the Central Bank. The Ley Orgánica Constitucional del Banco Central de Chile 18.840, or the Central Bank Act, liberalized the rules that govern the purchase and sale of foreign currency. The Central Bank Act empowers the Central Bank to determine that certain purchases and sales of foreign currency specified by law must be carried out in the Mercado Cambiario Formal, or the Formal Exchange Market. The Formal Exchange Market is formed by the banks and other entities so authorized by the Central Bank. The observed exchange rate for any given day equals the average exchange rate of the transactions conducted in the Formal Exchange Market on the immediately preceding banking day, as certified by the Central Bank. Even though the Central Bank is authorized to carry out its transactions at the rates it sets, it generally uses the spot rate for its transactions. Authorized transactions by other banks are generally carried out at the spot rate.
Purchases and sales of foreign exchange that may be effected outside the Formal Exchange Market can be carried out in the Mercado Cambiario Informal, or the Informal Exchange Market. There are no limits imposed on the extent to which the exchange rate in the Informal Exchange Market can fluctuate above or below the observed exchange rate. On December 30, 2009 (the latest practicable date as December 31 was a banking holiday in Chile), the average exchange rate in the Informal Exchange Market was Ch$507.50 per U.S.$1.00, or 0.21% higher than the observed exchange rate of Ch$506.43 per U.S.$1.00 published by the Central Bank.
The following table sets forth the annual low, high, average and period-end observed exchange rate for U.S. dollars for each year beginning in 2005, as reported by the Central Bank:
Daily Observed Exchange Rate Ch$ per U.S.$(1) | ||||||||||||
Year |
Low(2) | High(2) | Average(3) | Period End(4) | ||||||||
2005 |
Ch$ | 509.70 | Ch$ | 592.75 | Ch$ | 559.77 | Ch$ | 514.21 | ||||
2006 |
511.44 | 549.63 | 530.28 | 534.43 | ||||||||
2007 |
493.14 | 548.67 | 522.47 | 495.82 | ||||||||
2008 |
431.22 | 676.75 | 522.46 | 629.11 | ||||||||
2009 |
491.09 | 643.87 | 559.61 | 506.43 | ||||||||
December |
494.82 | 508.75 | 501.45 | 506.43 | ||||||||
2010 |
||||||||||||
January |
489.47 | 531.75 | 500.66 | 531.75 | ||||||||
February |
523.10 | 546.18 | 532.56 | 529.69 | ||||||||
March |
508.66 | 533.87 | 523.16 | 526.29 | ||||||||
April |
514.91 | 527.38 | 520.62 | 524.86 | ||||||||
May |
517.23 | 549.17 | 533.21 | 529.23 | ||||||||
June(5) |
530.36 | 548.16 | 536.99 | 530.36 |
Source: Central Bank.
(1) | Nominal amounts. |
(2) | Exchange rates are the actual low and high, on a day-by-day basis for each period. |
(3) | The average of monthly average rates during the year. |
(4) | As reported by the Central Bank the first business day of the following period. |
(5) | Period from June 1, 2010 through June 18, 2010. |
The observed exchange rate on June 18, 2010 was Ch$530.36 = U.S.$1.00. The Federal Reserve Bank of New York does not report a noon buying rate for Chilean pesos.
6
RISK FACTORS
The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones that we face. Additional risks and uncertainties that we do not know about or that we currently think are immaterial may also impair our business operations. Any of the following risks if they actually occur, could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, prospects and financial condition.
We are subject to market risks that are presented both in this subsection and in Note 45 to our audited consolidated financial statements.
Risks Relating to our Operations and the Banking Industry
The growth of our loan portfolio may expose us to increased loan losses.
During the last five years, our total loan portfolio has experienced a significant increase, which has been primarily fueled by the increase shown by our commercial and mortgage loan portfolio, and, to a lesser extent, by the growth in our consumer loan portfolio. Expansion of our loan portfolio (especially those related to the retail market) may expose us to a higher level of loan losses and require us to establish higher levels of allowances for loan losses. For the year ended December 31, 2009, our total allowances for loan losses accounted for Ch$312,101 million, or 2.37% of our total loans, as compared to 1.64% in 2008.
Our loan portfolio may not continue to grow at the same or similar rate.
We cannot assure you that our loan portfolio will continue to grow at historical rates. The Chilean banking systems loan portfolio has shown a significant increase over the last five years, which has been prompted by the banking systems efforts to increase the offer of products to its customers, as well as by the good conditions experienced by the Chilean economy over the last decade. However, a slowdown or negative growth rate of the Chilean economy could adversely affect the growth rate of our loan portfolio and our credit quality indicators and, accordingly, increase our required allowances for loan losses. See Item 4. Information on the CompanyRegulation and Supervision and Item 4. Information on the CompanySelected Statistical Information.
Restrictions imposed by banking regulations may restrict our operations and thereby adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
We are subject to regulation by the Chilean Superintendency of Banks. In addition, we are subject to regulation by the Central Bank with respect to certain matters, including interest rates and foreign exchange transactions. See Item 4. Information on the CompanyRegulation and Supervision. During the Chilean financial crisis of 1982 and 1983, the Central Bank and the Chilean Superintendency of Banks strictly controlled the funding, lending and general business matters of the Chilean banking industry.
Pursuant to the Ley General de Bancos, or the General Banking Law, all Chilean banks may, subject to the approval of the Chilean Superintendency of Banks, engage in additional businesses depending on the risk of the activity and the strength of the bank. The General Banking Law also applies to the Chilean banking system a modified version of the capital adequacy guidelines issued by the Basel Committee on Banking Regulation and Supervisory Practices, or Basel Committee, and limits the discretion of the Chilean Superintendency of Banks to deny new banking licenses. There can be no assurance that regulators will not impose more restrictive limitations in the future on the activities of banks, including us, than those that are currently in effect. Any such change could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.
7
Increased competition and industry consolidation may adversely affect our operations.
The Chilean market for financial services is highly competitive. We compete with other Chilean and foreign banks, with Banco del Estado de Chile, a public sector bank, and with large department stores that make consumer loans to a large portion of the Chilean population, especially to low and middle-income segments. In 2002, two new private sector banks affiliated with Chiles largest department stores began their operations, mainly as consumer and medium-sized corporate niche banks. In 2003, a new niche bank oriented at servicing corporations began its operations, and in 2004, two new retail banks commenced operations. The retail market (comprising individuals and small and medium-sized companies) has become the target market of several banks, and competition with respect to these customers is continuously increasing. As a result, net interest margins (after credit risk) in these sub-segments are likely to decline over time.
We also face competition from non-bank competitors with respect to some of our credit products, such as credit cards and consumer loans. Competition from non-banking companies like large department stores, private compensation funds and savings, as well as credit cooperatives, has become increasingly significant in the consumer lending sector. In addition, we face competition from other types of competitors, such as leasing, factoring and automobile financing companies (especially in credit products), as well as mutual funds, pension funds and insurance companies, within the market for savings products and mortgage loans. Currently, banks continue to be the main suppliers of leasing, factoring and mutual funds, and the insurance sales business has experienced rapid growth, but we cannot assure you that this trend will continue in the future. See Item 4. Information on the CompanyBusiness OverviewCompetition.
The increase in competition within the Chilean banking industry in recent years has led to, among other things, consolidation in the industry. For example, on August 1, 2002, Banco Santiago and Banco Santander-Chile, at that time the second and third largest banks in Chile, respectively, merged to create Chiles largest bank. In 2003, Banco del Desarrollo merged with Banco Sudamericano; in 2004, Banco Security merged with Dresdner Banque Nationale de Paris; in 2005, Banco de Crédito e Inversiones merged with Banco Conosur; in 2007, Banco Itaú acquired Bank Boston unit in Chile, while Rabobank acquired HNS Bank and Scotiabank acquired Banco del Desarrollo; in 2008, we merged with Citibank Chile and The Royal Bank of Scotland acquired ABN Amro Bank; and in 2009, Banco Monex was acquired by Consorcio Group. We expect trends of increased competition and consolidation to continue, resulting in the creation of new large financial groups. Consolidation, which can result in the creation of larger and stronger banks, may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations by decreasing the net interest margins we are able to generate.
Our exposure to certain segments of the retail market could lead to higher levels of past-due loans and subsequent charge-offs.
Although we historically focused on banking for the wholesale market and high-income individuals, an increasing proportion of our retail market consists of small and medium-sized companies (approximately 6.2% of the value of our total loan portfolio as of December 31, 2009, including companies with annual sales of up to Ch$1,400 million) and, to a lesser extent, of lower-income individuals (approximately 4.5% of our total loan portfolio at December 31, 2009, including individuals with monthly incomes between Ch$170,000 and Ch$400,000). Our strategy includes increasing lending and providing other services to attract additional retail customers. These customers are likely to be more severely affected by adverse developments in the Chilean economy than large corporations and high-income individuals. Consequently, in the future we may experience higher levels of past-due loans, which could result in higher allowances for loan losses. The levels of past-due loans and subsequent write-offs may be materially higher in the future. See Item 4. Information on the CompanyBusiness OverviewPrincipal Business Activities.
8
Our affiliate may be obligated to sell shares of our stock in the public market if we do not pay sufficient dividends.
As of December 31, 2009, Sociedad Administradora de la Obligacion Subordinada S.A., or SAOS, our affiliate, holds 34.64% of our shares as a consequence of our 1996 reorganization. This reorganization was due in part to our 1989 repurchase from the Central Bank of certain non-performing loans that we had previously sold to the Central Bank and later exchanged for subordinated debt without a fixed term. Under the terms of a repayment obligation in favor of the Central Bank that SAOS assumed to replace the Central Bank subordinated debt, SAOS may be required to sell some of our shares to the public. See Item 4. Information on the CompanyHistory and Development of the BankHistoryThe 1982-1983 Economic Crisis and the Central Bank Subordinated Debt.
In exchange for assuming the Central Bank indebtedness, SAOS received from SM-Chile S.A.(SM-Chile), a holding company that controls us and SAOS, 63.6% of our shares as collateral for this indebtedness. As a result of our merger with Banco de A. Edwards, the percentage of our shares held by SAOS decreased to 42.0%. As a result of the capital increase agreed upon in the Extraordinary Shareholders Meeting held in May 2007, the share dividend paid in May 2006, May 2007 and June 2009, and the merger with Citibank Chile in January 2008, the percentage of our shares held by SAOS further decreased to 34.64%. Dividends received from us are the sole source of SAOSs revenue, which it must apply to repay this indebtedness. However, under SAOSs agreement with the Central Bank, we have no obligation to distribute dividends to our shareholders. To the extent distributed dividends are not sufficient to pay the amount due on this indebtedness, SAOS is permitted to maintain a cumulative deficit balance with the Central Bank that SAOS commits to pay with future dividends. If the cumulative deficit balance exceeds an amount equal to 20% of our capital and reserves, the Central Bank may require SAOS to sell a sufficient number of shares of our stock owned by SAOS to pay the entire accumulated deficit amount. As of April 30, 2010, SAOS maintained a surplus with the Central Bank of Ch$126,321 million, equivalent to 9.67% of our paid-in capital and reserves. As of the same date, Ch$261,302 million would have represented 20% of our capital and reserves under Chilean GAAP as required by the Chilean Superintendency of Banks. If from time to time in the future our shareholders decide to retain and capitalize all or part of our annual net income in order to finance our future growth, and to distribute stock dividends among our shareholders, the Central Bank may require us to pay the portion of the net income corresponding to shares owned by SAOS in cash to SAOS. If we distribute stock dividends and the Central Bank does not require us to pay that portion in cash, the shares received by SAOS must be sold by SAOS within the following 12 months. The shareholders of SM-Chile will have a right of first refusal with respect to that sale.
We are unable to determine the likelihood that the Central Bank would require SAOS to sell shares of our common stock or that SAOS will otherwise be required to sell any stock dividends distributed by us, nor can we determine the number of such shares SAOS may be required to sell. If SAOS is required to sell shares of our stock in the public market, that sale could adversely affect the prevailing market price of our stock.
The results of our operations are affected by inflation and interest rate volatility.
The results of our operations depend to a great extent on our net interest income, which represented 65% of our operating revenue in 2009. Changes in inflation and in nominal interest rates could affect the interest rates earned on our interest-earning assets differently from the interest rates paid on our interest-bearing liabilities, resulting in a reduction in our net income. Inflation and interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors beyond our control, including the Central Banks monetary policy, deregulation of the Chilean financial sector, domestic and international economic and political conditions and other factors. Any volatility in interest rates could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations. The average inflation rate was 4.39% in 2007 and 8.71% in 2008 and the average deflation rate was 1.48% in 2009. The average annual short-term nominal interest rate (based on the rate paid by Chilean financial institutions) for 90 to 360 day deposits was 3.98% in 2007, 5.38% in 2008 and 2.19% in 2009. The average long-term nominal interest rate based on the interest rate of the Central Banks five-year bonds was 5.85% in 2007, 6.89% in 2008 and 4.55% in 2009. See Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and ProspectsOperating ResultsOverviewInflation and Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and ProspectsOperating ResultsOverviewInterest Rates.
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Operational problems or errors can have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
As all large financial institutions, we are exposed to many operational risks, including the risk of fraud by employees and outsiders, failure to obtain proper internal authorizations, failure to properly document transactions, equipment failures and errors by employees. Although we maintain a system of operational controls and comprehensive contingency plans, there can be no assurance that operational problems or errors will not occur and that their occurrence will not have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Request from Spanish Court to Chilean Judicial Authorities
On October 26, 2009, the Central Court of Instruction Number 5 of the National Court of Spain (Juzgado Central de Instrucción No. 5 de la Audiencia Nacional de Madrid) in Madrid, Spain (the Spanish Court), issued a letter rogatory to the Chilean judicial authorities notifying them that a lawsuit pending before the Spanish Court had been amended to add causes of action concerning concealment of assets and money laundering against Mr. Pablo Granifo Lavin (President of Banco de Chile), Mr. Hernán Donoso Lira (former Manager of the New York Branch of Banco de Chile) and against Banco de Chile, Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A. and Banchile Administradora General de Fondos S.A., the latter three of which bear subsidiary civil liability. The letter rogatory, among other procedures, also required a joint guarantee (fianza solidaria) from those charged in the amount of US $77,348,374 and allowed for the attachment of assets for up to US$103,131,165, should the criminal defendants or the subsidiaries bearing civil liability not grant the mentioned joint guarantee.
On April 29, 2010, the Supreme Court of Chile did not grant the requests contained in the letter rogatory given that the subject matter of the investigation by the Spanish Court is currently pending before a Chilean tribunal that has jurisdiction and competence over these matters. This judicial investigation is currently underway in Chile and at the time of filing of this annual report no grounded presumptions of criminal participation of people affiliated with Banco de Chile have been established.
It is not possible to predict the outcome of these proceedings, or what impact, if any, they might have on the Bank.
Risks Relating to our ADSs
Our principal shareholders may have interests that differ from those of our other shareholders and their significant share ownership may have an adverse effect on the future market price of our ADSs and shares.
As of June 15, 2010, LQ Inversiones Financieras S.A., a holding company beneficially owned by Quiñenco S.A., and Citigroup Chile S.A. beneficially owned approximately 61.7% of our outstanding voting rights. These principal shareholders are in a position to elect a majority of the members of our Board of Directors, direct our management and control substantially all matters that are to be decided by a vote of the shareholders, including fundamental corporate transactions.
Actions by our principal shareholders with respect to the disposition of the shares or ADSs they beneficially own, or the perception that such actions may occur, may adversely affect the trading price of our shares on the various stock exchanges on which they are listed and, consequently, the market price of the ADSs.
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There may be a lack of liquidity and a limited market for our shares and ADSs.
While our ADSs have been listed on the New York Stock Exchange, or NYSE, since the first quarter of 2002, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for our ADSs will be sustained. During 2009, a daily average of 11,521 American Depositary Receipts, or ADRs, were traded on the NYSE. Although our shares are traded on the Santiago Stock Exchange, the Valparaiso Stock Exchange and the Chilean Electronic Stock Exchange, the market for our shares in Chile is small and illiquid. At December 31, 2009, approximately 12.10% of our outstanding shares were held by shareholders other than our principal shareholders, including SM-Chile and SAOS.
If an ADS holder withdraws the underlying shares from the ADR facility, the small size of the market and its low liquidity in general, and our concentrated ownership in particular, may impair the ability of the ADS holder to sell the shares in the Chilean market in the amount and at the price and time such holder desires, and could increase the volatility of the price of our ADSs.
You may be unable to exercise preemptive rights.
The Ley Sobre Sociedades Anonimas No. 18,046 and the Reglamento de Sociedades Anonimas, or the Chilean Corporations Law and its regulations, require that whenever we issue new common stock for cash, we grant preemptive rights to all of our shareholders (including holders of ADSs) to purchase a sufficient number of shares to maintain their existing ownership percentage. Such an offering would not be possible unless a registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, were effective with respect to such rights and common stock or an exemption from the registration requirements thereunder were available.
We may elect not to make a registration statement available with respect to the preemptive rights and the common stock, in which case you may not be able to exercise your preemptive rights. If a registration statement is not filed, the depositary will sell such holders preemptive rights and distribute the proceeds thereof if a premium can be recognized over the cost of any such sale.
Developments in international financial markets may adversely affect the market price of the ADSs and shares.
The market price of the ADSs and shares may be adversely affected by declines in the international financial markets and adverse world economic conditions. The market for Chilean securities is, to varying degrees, influenced by economic and market conditions in other emerging market countries, especially those in Latin America. Although economic conditions are different in each country, investors reactions to developments in one country can affect the securities markets in other countries, including Chile. Developments in other countries may adversely affect the market price of the ADSs and shares.
In particular, since August 2007 to date, there has been significant volatility in worldwide financial markets due to the announcement, by several U.S. banks and financial institutions, of significant write-downs related to their exposure to mortgage-backed securities and other financial instruments. Although we, and our subsidiaries, are not directly exposed to the U.S. housing credit market and do not directly hold any assets related to such financial instruments, these write-downs, combined with other factors, led to a tightening in the credit markets and to a downturn in the U.S. economy, which impacted the Chilean economy towards the end of 2008 and at the beginning of 2009. We cannot assure you that any future developments in international markets could not affect our results of operations and consequently the market price of our ADSs and shares.
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In the past, Chile has imposed controls on foreign investment and repatriation of investments that affected investments in, and earnings from, our ADSs.
Equity investments in Chile by persons who are not Chilean residents have historically been subject to various exchange control regulations that restrict the repatriation of the investments and earnings therefrom. In April 2001, the Central Bank eliminated most of the regulations that affected foreign investors, although foreign investors still have to provide the Central Bank with information related to equity investments and must conduct such operations within the Formal Exchange Market. Additional Chilean restrictions applicable to holders of our ADSs, the disposition of the shares underlying them, the repatriation of the proceeds from such disposition or the payment of dividends may be imposed in the future, and we cannot advise you as to the duration or impact of such restrictions if imposed.
If for any reason, including changes in Chilean law, the depositary were unable to convert Chilean pesos to U.S. dollars, investors would receive dividends and other distributions, if any, in Chilean pesos.
We are required to withhold 35% tax from any dividend we pay to you.
ADSs owners are entitled to receive dividends on the underlying shares to the same extent as the holders of shares. Dividends received by ADSs owners will be paid net of foreign currency exchange fees and expenses of the depositary and will be subject to Chilean withholding tax of up to 35% of the dividend, which we will withhold and pay to the Chilean tax authorities. Any dividend distributions made in property (other than common stock) will be subject to the same Chilean tax rules as cash dividends. See Item 10. Additional InformationTaxationChilean Tax Considerations.
Risks Relating to Chile
Our growth and profitability depend on the level of economic activity in Chile.
A substantial number of the transactions in which we participate are with customers doing business in Chile. Accordingly, our ability to increase business volume and our results of operations and enhance our financial condition, in general, is dependent to a significant extent on the level of economic activity in Chile. The global financial crisis, which affected the Chilean economy during 2009, also impacted the domestic financial system, due to the deteriorated credit quality of the financial systems loan portfolio. We cannot assure you that the Chilean economy will continue to grow in the future or that future developments in, or affecting, the Chilean economy will not materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Currency fluctuations could adversely affect the value of our ADSs and any distributions on the ADSs.
The Chilean Governments economic policies and any future changes in the value of the Chilean peso against the U.S. dollar could affect the dollar value of our common stock and our ADSs. The peso has been subject to large fluctuations in the past and could continue with this trend in the future. In the period from December 31, 2008 to December 31, 2009, the value of the U.S. dollar relative to the Chilean peso decreased by approximately 19.5%, as compared to the 26.9% increase in value in the period from December 31, 2007 to December 31, 2008.
Chilean trading in the shares underlying our ADSs is conducted in pesos. Cash distributions with respect to our shares of common stock are received in Chilean pesos by the depositary, which then converts such amounts to U.S. dollars at the then-prevailing exchange rate for the purpose of making payments in respect of our ADSs. If the value of the Chilean peso falls relative to the U.S. dollar, the dollar value of our ADSs and any distributions to be received from the depositary will be reduced. In addition, the depositary will incur customary currency conversion costs (to be borne by the holders of our ADSs) in connection with the conversion and subsequent distribution of dividends or other payments. See Item 10. Additional InformationExchange Controls.
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Our results of operations may be affected by fluctuations in the exchange rates between the peso and the U.S. dollar despite our policy and Chilean regulations related to the general avoidance of material exchange rate mismatches. In order to reduce the effect of exchange rate mismatches we enter into foreign exchange derivative transactions. As of December 31, 2009, our foreign currency denominated liabilities and Chilean peso denominated liabilities, which contain repayment terms linked to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, exceeded our foreign currency denominated assets and Chilean peso-denominated assets, which contain repayment terms linked to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, by Ch$2,373 million, or 0.2% of our paid-in capital and reserves.
We may decide to change our policy regarding exchange rate mismatches. Regulations that limit such mismatches may also be amended or eliminated. Greater exchange rate mismatches will increase our exposure to the devaluation of the peso, and any such devaluation may impair our capacity to service foreign-currency obligations and may, therefore, materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Notwithstanding the existence of general policies and regulations that limit material exchange rate mismatches, the economic policies of the Chilean Government and any future fluctuations of the peso against the U.S. dollar could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Inflation could adversely affect the value of our ADSs and financial condition and results of operations.
The level of inflation generally has moderated in recent years, especially in comparison to the periods of higher inflation in the 1980s and 1990s. High levels of inflation in Chile could adversely affect the Chilean economy and, indirectly, both our results of operations and the value of our ADSs. The annual rate of inflation (as measured by changes in the Consumer Price Index and as reported by the Chilean National Institute of Statistics) during the last five years ended December 31, 2009 and the first five months of 2010 was:
Year |
Inflation (Consumer Price Index) |
||
2005 |
3.7 | % | |
2006 |
2.6 | ||
2007 |
7.8 | ||
2008 |
7.1 | ||
2009 |
(1.4 | ) | |
2010 (through May 31) |
1.7 | % |
Source: Chilean National Institute of Statistics
Although we benefit from a positive inflation rate in Chile due to the structure of our assets and liabilities (we have a significant net asset position indexed to the inflation rate), our operating results and the value of our ADSs in the future may be adversely affected by changing levels of inflation, and Chilean inflation could change significantly from the current level. See Item 5. Operating and Financial review and ProspectsInflation.
Chile has corporate disclosure standards different from those you may be familiar with in the United States.
The securities disclosure requirements in Chile differ from those in the United States. Accordingly, the information about us available to you will not be the same as the information available to shareholders of a U.S. company.
Chilean disclosure requirements for publicly listed companies differ from those in the United States in some significant aspects. In addition, although Chilean law imposes restrictions on insider trading and price manipulation, the Chilean securities markets are not as highly regulated and closely supervised as the U.S. securities markets.
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Chilean law provides for fewer and less well-defined shareholders rights.
Our corporate affairs are governed by our estatutos, or bylaws, and the laws of Chile. Under such laws, our shareholders may have fewer or less well-defined rights than they might have as shareholders of a corporation incorporated in a U.S. jurisdiction. For example, our shareholders would not be entitled to appraisal rights in the event of a merger or other business combination undertaken by us.
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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This annual report contains forward-looking statements. These statements appear throughout this annual report, including, without limitation, under Item 4. Information on the Company and Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects. Examples of such forward-looking statements include:
| projections of operating revenues, net income (loss), net income (loss) per share, capital expenditures, dividends, capital structure or other financial items or ratios; |
| statements of our plans, objectives or goals, including those related to anticipated trends, competition and regulation; |
| statements about our future economic performance or that of Chile or other countries in which we operate; and |
| statements of assumptions underlying such statements. |
Words such as believe, anticipate, plan, expect, intend, target, estimate, project, potential, predict, forecast, guideline, could, may, will, should and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements but are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements. These statements may relate to (1) our asset growth and financing plans, (2) trends affecting our financial condition or results of operations and (3) the impact of competition and regulations, but are not limited to such topics. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties, and actual results may differ materially from those described in such forward-looking statements included in this annual report as a result of various factors (including, without limitation, the actions of competitors, future global economic conditions, market conditions, foreign exchange rates and operating and financial risks), many of which are beyond our control. The occurrence of any such factors not currently expected by us would significantly alter the results set forth in these statements.
Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially and adversely include, but are not limited to:
| changes in general economic, business, political or other conditions in Chile or changes in general economic or business conditions in Latin America; |
| changes in capital markets in general that may affect policies or attitudes towards lending to Chile or Chilean companies; |
| increased costs; |
| unanticipated increases in financing and other costs or the inability to obtain additional debt or equity financing on attractive terms; and |
| the factors discussed under Risk Factors. |
You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date that they were made. This cautionary statement should be considered in connection with any written or oral forward-looking statements that we may issue in the future. We do not undertake any obligation to publicly release any revisions to such forward-looking statements after the filing of this annual report to reflect later events or circumstances or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.
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Item 4. | Information on the Company |
HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE BANK
Overview
We were founded in 1893, and we have been, for much of our recent history, among the largest and most profitable Chilean banks in terms of return on assets and equity. We are engaged primarily in commercial banking in Chile, providing traditional banking services to a diverse customer base that includes corporations and individuals.
Our legal name is Banco de Chile. We are organized as a banking corporation under the laws of Chile and were licensed by the Chilean Superintendency of Banks to operate as a commercial bank on September 17, 1996. Our principal executive offices are located at Paseo Ahumada 251, Santiago, Chile. Our telephone number is +56 (2) 637-1111 and our website is www.bancochile.cl.
We are a full-service financial institution providing, directly and indirectly through our subsidiaries and affiliates, a wide variety of credit and non-credit products and services to all segments of the Chilean financial market. Our operations are organized in the following four principal business segments:
| wholesale market; |
| retail market; |
| treasury and money market operations; and |
| operations through subsidiaries. |
Our banking services for corporate customers include commercial loans (which, in turn, include working capital credits and trade finance), foreign exchange, capital market services, cash management and non-credit services, such as payroll and payment services, as well as a wide range of treasury, financial advisory and risk management products. We provide our individual customers with credit cards, residential mortgage loans, consumer loans and automobile financing loans, as well as traditional deposit services, such as current and savings accounts and time deposits.
As of December 31, 2009, we offered international banking services through our trade services subsidiary in Hong Kong, our representative offices in Sao Paulo and Beijing and a worldwide network of correspondent banks. In addition to our traditional banking operations, through our subsidiaries and affiliates we offer a variety of non-banking financial services including securities brokerage, mutual fund management, investment banking services, factoring, insurance brokerage, securitization, collection and sales services. We offer a powerful value proposition to our customers, which has positioned us among the most recognized financial players in Chile and Latin America.
As of December 31, 2009, we had:
| total assets of Ch$17,501,459 million (U.S.$34,558 million); |
| total loans of Ch$13,191,256 million (U.S.$26,048 million); |
| deposits of Ch$11,145,557 million (U.S.$22,008 million); and |
| equity (including net income, non-controlling interest and provisions for minimum dividends) of Ch$1,600,985 million (U.S.$3,161 million). |
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According to information published by the Chilean Superintendency of Banks, as of December 31, 2009, we were the second largest private bank in Chile in terms of total loans with a market share of 19.1%.
We are headquartered in Santiago, Chile, and, as of December 31, 2009, had 14,021 employees and delivered financial products and services through a nationwide network of 400 branches and 1,588 ATMs that form part of a network of 5,526 ATMs operated by Redbanc S.A., a company owned by us and 12 other private sector financial institutions.
History
We were founded in 1893 as a result of the merger of Banco Nacional de Chile, Banco Agrícola and Banco de Valparaíso, which created the largest privately held bank in Chile. We have played an important role in the economic history of Chile. Until the creation of the Central Bank in 1926 and before the enactment of the Chilean General Banking Law, we were the main stabilization agent of the Chilean banking system, a role that is now carried out by the Central Bank. Beginning in the early 1970s, the Chilean Government assumed control of a majority of Chilean banks, and all but one of the foreign banks that were operating at that time closed their branches and offices in Chile. Throughout this era, we remained privately owned, with the exception of a portion of our shares owned by the Chilean Government that were sold to private investors in 1975. We developed a well-recognized name in Chile and expanded our operations in foreign markets, where we developed an extensive network of correspondent banks. In the early twentieth century, we established a representative office in London, which we maintained until 1985, when our European operations were moved to Frankfurt. The Frankfurt office was closed in 2000, when our foreign operations were centralized at the New York branch. In 1987 and 1988, we established four subsidiaries to provide the full range of financial products and services permitted by the Chilean General Banking Law, and in 1999, we established our insurance brokerage and factoring subsidiaries. According to our estimations, we remained the largest private bank in Chile until 1996. During the early 2000s, the Chilean banking industry was marked by intense M&A activity. In 2002, we merged with Banco de A. Edwards, which allowed us to expand our business to new customer segments. In 2008, we sold our U.S. branches to Citigroup in connection with our merger with Citibank Chile, carried out during the same year. As a result of these consolidations, we currently operate a network of three brands, consisting of Banco de Chile (which is present in the whole of Chile), Banco Edwards-Citi (which primarily operates in Santiago) and Banco CrediChile (which is focused on consumer loans and debit accounts). In 2009, we were recognized by ICARE (Chilean Institute of Enterprise Rational Management), as The Enterprise of 2008 in recognition of our role in the Chilean economy and banking system.
Merger with Banco de A. Edwards
On December 6, 2001, our shareholders approved the merger with Banco de A. Edwards, which became effective on January 1, 2002. Banco de A. Edwards had been listed on the NYSE since 1995, and in January 2002, we were listed on the NYSE under the symbol BCH. Since 2002, our shares have also been traded on the Latin American Stock Exchange of the Madrid Stock Exchange, or Latibex, and the London Stock Exchange, or LSE. We concluded the merger process at the end of 2002 with the consolidation of a new corporate structure and the integration of our technological platforms.
Merger with Citibank Chile
On December 27, 2007, our shareholders approved our merger with Citibank Chile, which became effective on January 1, 2008. In addition, we entered into a Global Connectivity Agreement with Citigroup Inc. (Citigroup) to offer joint global financial services to customers in Chile. During 2008, we integrated Citibank Chiles technological platforms with ours and established a new organizational structure in order to satisfy the needs of our customers and to achieve important synergies. We concluded the merger process at the end of 2008 with the integration of Citibank Chiles consumer business with ours.
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Technological Projects
During 2005, we successfully concluded the implementation of the Enterprise Resource Planning system, which, in its orientation towards self-service applications, provides human resources solutions. We also deployed a Customer Relationship Management, or CRM, service platform in all of our retail branches and call centers. The CRM system mainly allows for preventive functions, the management of commercial campaigns and the tracking of credit approvals. In addition, a new accounting system was deployed.
During 2006, we expanded the CRM system and its related processes to our corporate and private banking businesses, thus covering all of our segments and branch networks, with the exception of Credichile. We also introduced important improvements in this system, adding functionalities mainly related to the opportunity and post-sale modules. As part of the new core banking system, commercial and consumer loans were placed into the new loan module. In addition, we initiated the replacement of the teller system to enable faster and more accurate customer service. Also during 2006, a customer intelligence solution was implemented to improve customer acquisition, cross-selling, segmentation and retention.
During 2007, we achieved several milestones. We completed the migration of current accounts, lines of credit and sight accounts into a new module as part of the new core banking system. In addition, the CRM system and the teller solution were expanded to all of our networks. In addition, we implemented a new anti-money laundering program that increases the quality and efficiency of operational follow-up and alerts.
During 2008, our priorities were focused on operational and technological stabilization after the merger with Citibank Chile. We implemented critical initiatives, such as updating our core database, which included hardware upgrades and the improvement of batch process time and the performance of our front-end systems and middleware components.
During 2009, we focused on the stabilization and optimization of Banco CrediChiles processes in order to improve on-line and batch procedures performance. Additionally, we continued to improve our general infrastructure, which has allowed us to reach higher levels of operational stability. We implemented new servers for current accounts and credit cards, enabling us to reach a significant reduction in processing time. We also put into operation a new server for on-line current accounts. In addition, our technological support division handled important technical developments related to new products launched by the Bank during this year, like RedGiro and Cuenta Móvil; RedGiro allows our customers to transfer money through our ATM network, while Cuenta Móvil permits clients and non-clients to make payments, money transfers and other operations through a mobile phone.
The 1982-1983 Economic Crisis and the Central Bank Subordinated Debt
During the 1982-1983 economic crisis, the Chilean banking system experienced significant instability that required the Central Bank and the Chilean Government to provide assistance to most Chilean private sector banks, including us. During this period, we experienced significant financial difficulties. In 1985 and 1986, we increased our capital and sold shares representing 88% of our capital to more than 30,000 new shareholders. As a result, no single shareholder held a controlling stake in our company. In 1987, the Chilean Superintendency of Banks returned the control and administration of the Bank to our shareholders.
Subsequent to the crisis, like most major Chilean banks, we sold certain of our non-performing loans to the Central Bank at face value on terms that included a repurchase obligation. The repurchase obligation was later exchanged for subordinated debt of each participating bank issued in favor of the Central Bank. In 1989, pursuant to Law No. 18,818, banks were permitted to repurchase the portfolio of non-performing loans for a price equal to the economic value of such loans, provided that the bank assume a subordinated obligation equal to the difference between the face value and economic value of such loans. In November 1989, we repurchased our portfolio of non-performing loans from the Central Bank and assumed the Central Banks subordinated debt relating to our non-performing loans.
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The original repayment terms of our Central Bank subordinated debt, which at December 31, 1989 equaled approximately Ch$1,300,122 million, or U.S.$ 2,567 million, required that a certain percentage of our income before provisions for the subordinated debt be applied to repay this obligation. The Central Bank subordinated debt did not have a fixed maturity, and payments were made only to the extent that we earned income before provisions for the subordinated debt. In 1993 we applied 72.9% of our income before provisions for the Central Bank subordinated debt to the repayment of this debt. In 1994 we applied 67.6%, and in 1995 we applied 65.8% of our income before provisions for the Central Bank subordinated debt to the repayment of this debt.
In November 1996, pursuant to Law No. 19,396, our shareholders approved a reorganization by which Banco de Chile was converted to a holding company named SM-Chile. In turn, SM-Chile organized a new wholly-owned banking subsidiary named Banco de Chile, to which it contributed all of its assets and liabilities other than the Central Bank subordinated debt. SM-Chile then created SAOS, a second wholly-owned subsidiary that, pursuant to a prior agreement with the Central Bank, assumed a new repayment obligation in favor of the Central Bank that replaced the Central Bank subordinated debt in its entirety.
This Central Bank indebtedness, for which SAOS is solely responsible and for which there is no recourse to us or SM-Chile, was equal to the unpaid principal of the Central Bank subordinated debt that it replaced but had terms that differed in some aspects. The most important of these included a rescheduling of the debt for a term of 40 years providing for equal annual installments and a pledge of our shares as collateral for such debt. The Central Bank indebtedness bears interest at a rate of 5.0% per year and is denominated in UF. See Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and ProspectsOperating ResultsOverviewInflationUF-denominated Assets and Liabilities for a further explanation of UF.
In exchange for assuming the Central Bank indebtedness, SAOS received from SM-Chile, a holding company that beneficially owns SAOS and us, 63.6% of our shares as collateral for this indebtedness. As a result of our merger with Banco de A. Edwards, the percentage of our shares held by SAOS decreased to 42.0%. As a result of the capital increase agreed upon in the Extraordinary Shareholders Meeting held in May 2007, the share dividend paid in May 2006, May 2007 and June 2009, and the merger with Citibank Chile in January 2008, the percentage of our shares held by SAOS further decreased to 34.64%. Dividends received from us are the sole source of SAOSs revenue, which it must apply to repay this indebtedness. However, under SAOSs agreement with the Central Bank, we have no obligation to distribute dividends to our shareholders. To the extent distributed dividends are not sufficient to pay the amount due on this indebtedness, SAOS is permitted to maintain a cumulative deficit balance with the Central Bank that SAOS commits to pay with future dividends. If the cumulative deficit balance exceeds an amount equal to 20% of our paid-in capital and reserves, the Central Bank may require SAOS to sell a sufficient number of shares of our stock owned by SAOS to pay the entire accumulated deficit amount. As of April 30, 2010, SAOS maintained surplus with the Central Bank of Ch$126,321 million, equivalent to 9.67% of our paid-in capital and reserves. As of the same date, Ch$261,302 million would have represented 20% of our paid-in capital and reserves. See Item 3. Key InformationRisk FactorsRisks Relating to our Operations and the Banking Industry. Our affiliate may be obligated to sell shares of our stock in the public market if we do not pay sufficient dividends.
As of December 31, 2009 the outstanding subordinated debt balance held by SAOS amounted to Ch$914,374 million. SAOS paid to the Central Bank a total of Ch$98,224 during 2008 and Ch$97,973 million during 2009, exceeding in both years the required minimum annual payment.
As of December 31, 2009, the major shareholder of SM-Chile was LQ Inversiones Financieras S.A. (a subsidiary of Quiñenco S.A.), which owned, directly and indirectly, 58.23% of SM-Chiles total shares. As of the same date, major shareholders of Banco de Chile were SAOS, LQ Inversiones Financieras S.A. and SM-Chile, each having a participation of 34.64%, 32.70% and 14.70% of Banco de Chiles total shares, respectively.
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If from time to time in the future our shareholders decide to retain and capitalize all or part of our annual net income in order to finance our future growth and to distribute stock dividends among our shareholders, the Central Bank may require us to pay the portion of the net income corresponding to shares owned by SAOS in cash to SAOS. If we distribute stock dividends and the Central Bank does not require us to pay that portion in cash, the shares received by SAOS must be sold by SAOS within the following 12 months. The shareholders of SM-Chile will have a right of first refusal with respect to that sale.
Capital Expenditures
The following table sets forth our capital expenditures in each of the two years ended December 31, 2008 and 2009:
For the Year Ended December 31, | ||||||
2008 | 2009 | |||||
(in millions of Ch$) | ||||||
Computer equipment |
Ch$ | 5,440 | Ch$ | 7,161 | ||
Furniture, machinery and installations |
9,520 | 4,540 | ||||
Real estate |
1,138 | 3,245 | ||||
Vehicles |
467 | 379 | ||||
Subtotal |
16,565 | 15,325 | ||||
Software |
8,261 | 7,529 | ||||
Total |
Ch$ | 24,826 | Ch$ | 22,854 | ||
Our budget for capital expenditures in 2010 is Ch$39,883 million, 55% of which is allocated to information technology expenditures and 45% is related to infrastructure. This level of capital expenditures is in line with our strategic aim of improving our efficiency and productivity.
Regarding the budgeted information technology expenditures, 75% of such are related to (i) improvements to our main infrastructure, (ii) final stages of projects in development, such as mobile banking and internet-based selling and (iii) renewal of some internet-based customer services.
Our 2010 budget for infrastructure expenditures considers that disbursements in this area will be mainly related to (i) renovation and relocation of some of our existing branches, (ii) the opening of new branches and customer service centers and (iii) other projects associated with the acquisition of new properties and other real estate developments.
BUSINESS OVERVIEW
Business Strategy
Our long-term strategy is to maintain and enhance our position as a leading bank in Chile by providing a broad range of financial products and services to corporations and individuals nationwide. As part of this strategy, we utilize a multi-brand approach to target diverse market segments and leverage our strongly positioned brand names: Banco de Chile, Banco Edwards Citi, Banchile and Banco Credichile. Our long-term strategy consists of the key components described below.
Profitable Business Growth
Our business model is focused on those business choices that make significant economic and social contributions, have bounded risks and allow us to strengthen our long-term relationships with customers. We seek sustained growth, especially in higher-margin segments and in those business areas that show strong growth potential. Our focus has been primarily on retail segments, large corporations and the treasury segment. We seek to achieve the same strong position in these areas that we already have in the corporate segment.
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In addition to our traditional lending activities, we have developed other sources of revenue, such as foreign exchange derivative transactions and fee-based products and services. In this regard, our consolidated income from fees and other services has become an important source of earnings in recent years, reaching Ch$235,189 million (U.S.$373.84 million or 21.3% of our total operating revenues) in 2008 and Ch$251,216 million (U.S.$496.05 million or 24.5% of our total operating revenues) in 2009. We seek to continue increasing our revenues from fees and commissions by developing new products and services and by reinforcing the cross-selling of these products and services in the retail and wholesale segments that we currently serve. For our wholesale banking customers, we are continuously developing new products and improving existing fee-based services, such as receivables collection, payroll services, supplier payments, investment advisory services and cash management. To our retail banking customers, we offer new and existing fee-based services, such as general checking services, ATMs, credit cards, mutual funds, securities brokerage and insurance brokerage, all of which are continuously evaluated in order to ensure customer satisfaction. In order to improve the value proposition to our retail banking customers, we launched two new commercial products during 2009, RedGiro and Cuenta Móvil, which primarily handle electronic and mobile money transfers, respectively.
Efficiency Improvement
Our efficiency approach is focused on achieving high levels of productivity and cost control. We believe that a low-cost structure will become increasingly important in order to compete profitably. To achieve this goal, we have invested in (1) technology development, (2) the development of simpler and more manageable business processes and (3) secure and modern platforms that allow better response time and higher productivity.
In recent years, we have invested heavily in technology (approximately Ch$28,400 million, or U.S.$56.0 million, in the last two years) and we plan to continue focusing on technology in the future due to our belief that this is one of the best means to continuously improve customer service and operating efficiency.
During 2009, our consolidated operating expenses represented 47.0% of our operating revenues, as compared to 52.3% in 2008. We intend to improve this efficiency ratio in the coming years by expanding the volume of our business, enhancing our internal processes and reinforcing our cost controls and monitoring.
High Standards of Service Quality
Given the significant role of our customers, we continuously seek to increase customer loyalty. Accordingly, we have developed and implemented different measures in order to obtain improvements in service quality, such as (1) the identification of new customer segments and sub-segments in the retail and wholesale markets, (2) the subsequent implementation of new value propositions with an emphasis on service excellence that include new service models, (3) the enhancement of our service quality through an ongoing plan that identifies the critical behaviors of our customers, developing a service protocol for different kinds of clients, (4) the transfer of successful business operation procedures from high-service quality branches to lower-service quality branches, (5) the reinforcement of our Internet channel and business units in order to increase the processing capacity of information, allowing us to manage larger volumes of business with improved response time to customers, (6) the development of a more effective call center platform and (7) the redistribution of our corporate portfolios among corporate executives, allowing us to increase specialization and to improve the quality of our service.
Excellence in Human Resources Management
In order to ensure our long-term profitability, efficiency and service quality in an increasingly competitive industry, we believe that it is necessary to have highly-qualified and motivated personnel. In this regard, we make necessary efforts to remain as one of the most respected companies at the occupational level by developing a team of excellence that is committed to our corporate goals and values.
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We seek to establish a distinctive culture among our employees by promoting (1) a clear focus on the customer, (2) confidence and leadership, (3) meritocracy and high performance, (4) collaboration and teamwork, (5) accountability and empowerment and (6) innovation and continuous improvement.
Since the performance of our business depends on many factors, we cannot assure you that we will be able to achieve our strategic goals. For a discussion of certain risks applicable to our operations and the country that may affect our ability to meet our objectives, see Item 3. Key InformationRisk Factors.
Ownership Structure
The following diagram shows the ownership structure as of June 15, 2010:
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Principal Business Activities
We are a full-service financial institution that provides, directly and indirectly through our subsidiaries and affiliates, a wide variety of credit and non-credit products and services to all segments of the Chilean financial market, as shown in the following chart:
The information relating to our business segments, which is presented in this section, has been prepared in accordance with our internal reporting policies. See Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and ProspectsResults of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2008 and 2009Business Segments and Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and ProspectsResults of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2008 and 2009Summary of differences between internal reporting policies and IFRS for a description of the most significant differences between our internal reporting policies and IFRS.
The following table sets forth information on the composition of our loan portfolio and our consolidated net income before tax in accordance with our internal reporting policies for the year ended December 31, 2009, allocated among our principal business segments:
Loans | Consolidated net income (1) (2) (3) | ||||||||
(in millions of Ch$, except percentages) | |||||||||
BANKS INTERNAL REPORTING POLICIES: |
|||||||||
Retail market |
Ch$ | 6,027,158 | 45.7 | % | Ch$ | 83,624 | |||
Wholesale market |
6,874,957 | 52.1 | % | 54,505 | |||||
Treasury and money market operations |
| 0.0 | % | 106,937 | |||||
Operations through subsidiaries |
282,438 | 2.1 | % | 52,418 | |||||
Other (adjustments and eliminations) |
| | | ||||||
Total |
Ch$ | 13,184,553 | 100.0 | % | Ch$ | 297,484 | |||
(1) | The net income breakdown shown is used for internal reporting and planning purposes and is based on, among other things, our estimated funding cost and direct and indirect cost allocations. This breakdown may differ in some aspects from breakdowns of our operating income for financial reporting and regulatory purposes. Separate information on the operations, assets and income of our financial services subsidiaries and affiliates is provided below under Operations through Subsidiaries. |
(2) | The results associated with our gap management (interest rate mismatches) have been allocated in the treasury and money market operations segment. |
(3) | Consolidated net income consists of net income by business segment before tax expenses. |
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The following table sets forth our consolidated operating revenues in accordance with our internal reporting policies, allocated among our principal business segments:
For the Year Ended December 31, | ||||||
2008 | 2009 | |||||
(in millions of Ch$) | ||||||
BANKS INTERNAL REPORTING POLICIES: |
||||||
Retail market |
Ch$ | 561,572 | Ch$ | 540,288 | ||
Wholesale market |
305,835 | 229,125 | ||||
Treasury and money market operations |
88,314 | 128,207 | ||||
Operations through subsidiaries |
117,881 | 131,096 | ||||
Other (adjustments and eliminations) |
38,580 | | ||||
Total Operating Revenues |
Ch$ | 1,112,182 | Ch$ | 1,028,716 | ||
The following table sets forth a geographic market breakdown of our operating revenues in accordance with our internal reporting policies for the years indicated:
For the Year Ended December 31, | ||||||
2008 | 2009 | |||||
(in millions of Ch$) | ||||||
BANKS INTERNAL REPORTING POLICIES: |
||||||
Chile |
Ch$ | 1,112,024 | Ch$ | 1,028,645 | ||
Banking operations |
954,496 | 897,684 | ||||
Operations through subsidiaries |
157,528 | 130,961 | ||||
Foreign operations |
158 | 71 | ||||
New York |
| | ||||
Miami |
| | ||||
Operations through subsidiaries |
158 | 71 | ||||
Total Operating Revenues |
Ch$ | 1,112,182 | Ch$ | 1,028,716 | ||
Retail Market
Our retail market business segment serves the financial needs of individuals and small and medium-sized companies through our branch network consisting of 400 offices and customer service centers, which are made up of 246 branches belonging to Banco de Chile and Banco Edwards Citi networks and 154 branches within the Banco CrediChile network.
As of December 31, 2009, loans to our retail market customers represented 45.7% of our total loans and our retail market business segment accounted for Ch$83,624 million of our net income before tax for the year ended December 31, 2009.
In terms of composition, as set forth in the following table prepared in accordance with our internal reporting policies, our retail market business segments loan portfolio as of December 31, 2009 was principally focused on residential mortgage loans, which represented a 41.8% of the segments portfolio. The remaining loans were distributed between consumer credits (31.9%) and commercial credits (26.3%).
As of December 31, 2009 | ||||||
(in millions of Ch$, except percentages) |
||||||
BANKS INTERNAL REPORTING POLICIES: |
||||||
Commercial loans |
Ch$ | 1,585,609 | 26.3 | % | ||
Residential mortgage loans |
2,518,305 | 41.8 | ||||
Consumer loans |
1,923,244 | 31.9 | ||||
Total |
Ch$ | 6,027,158 | 100.0 | % | ||
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We serve the retail market business segment through two different and specialized divisions: (i) the Commercial division and (ii) the Consumer Division (Banco CrediChile).
Commercial Division
The commercial division is responsible for offering financial services to individuals with monthly incomes over Ch$400,000 (or Ch$4.8 million per year) and to small and medium-sized companies with annual sales of up to Ch$1,400 million. This division manages the portion of our branch network that operates under the brand names Banco de Chile and Banco Edwards Citi and had 246 offices and customer service centers as of December 31, 2009.
The strategy followed in the commercial division is mainly focused on sub-segmentation, multi-brand positioning, cross-selling of products and service quality based on customized service models for specific customer needs. Incentive systems have been increasingly incorporated into the commercial targets differentiated by segment, which have permitted the reduction of response times to our customers and a more efficient use of allocated resources. In addition, this divisions operations counts on the support of specialized call centers and internet banking services, along with a wide range of management tools that allow us to measure returns, the performance of cross-sold products and the effectiveness of marketing campaigns.
As of December 31, 2009, this division served 567,056 individual customers and 55,953 small and medium-sized Chilean companies. This customer base resulted in total loans to 530,241 debtors, which includes 67,333 residential loans, 126,452 commercial loans, 312,775 utilized lines of credit, 252,913 installment loans and 665,226 credit card accounts. As of the same date, we maintained 565,655 current accounts, 159,817 savings accounts and 109,493 time deposits.
As of December 31, 2009, loans originated by our commercial division represented 41.2% of our total loans. The following table sets forth the composition of the divisions loan portfolio in accordance with our internal reporting policies, as of December 31, 2009:
As of December 31, 2009 | ||||||
(in millions of Ch$, except percentages) |
||||||
BANKS INTERNAL REPORTING POLICIES: |
||||||
Commercial Loans |
||||||
Commercial credit |
Ch$ | 1,383,279 | 25.4 | % | ||
Leasing contracts |
125,493 | 2.3 | ||||
Other loans |
72,913 | 1.3 | ||||
Total Commercial Loans |
1,581,685 | 29.0 | ||||
Residential Mortgage Loans |
2,460,279 | 45.3 | ||||
Consumer Loans |
||||||
Installment loans |
835,576 | 15.4 | ||||
Credit cards |
324,696 | 6.0 | ||||
Lines of credit |
233,425 | 4.3 | ||||
Total Consumer Loans |
1,393,697 | 25.7 | ||||
Total |
Ch$ | 5,435,661 | 100.0 | % | ||
We offer a variety of financial services to individuals and small and medium-sized companies, directly or indirectly through our subsidiaries and affiliates, such as current accounts, automatic bill payment, debit cards, credit cards, revolving credit lines, housing loans, consumer loans, commercial loans, mortgage loans, leasing agreements, factoring services, investment management, support in import and export transactions, collection services, payments and collections, insurance brokerage (which handles life, home and vehicle insurance), savings instruments, mutual funds, stock trading and foreign currency services.
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Installment Loans
Our consumer installment loans are generally incurred, up to a customers approved credit limit, to finance the cost of goods or services, such as cars, travel and household furnishings. Consumer loans are denominated in both pesos and UF, bear fixed or variable interest rates and are generally repayable in installments over a period of up to 36 months.
As of December 31, 2009, we had Ch$835,576 million in installment loans related to the commercial division, which accounted for 43.4% of the retail market business segments consumer loans. A majority of installment loans are denominated in pesos and are payable monthly.
Residential Mortgage Loans
As of December 31, 2009, we had outstanding residential mortgage loans to individuals and small and medium-sized companies of Ch$2,460,279 million, which represented 40.8% of the retail market business segments total loans and 18.7% of our total loans. A feature of our mortgage loans to individuals and small and medium-sized companies is that mortgaged property typically secures all of a mortgagors credit with us, including credit card and other loans.
Our residential mortgage loans generally have maturities that range between five and thirty years and are denominated in UF. To reduce our exposure to interest rate fluctuations and inflation with respect to our residential loan portfolio, a portion of these residential loans is funded through the issuance of mortgage finance bonds, which are recourse obligations with payment terms that are matched to the residential loans and which bear a real market interest rate plus a fixed spread over the variation rate of the UF. Chilean banking regulations limit the amount of a residential mortgage loan that may be financed with a mortgage finance bond to the lesser of 75% of the purchase price of the property securing the loan or the appraised value of such property. In addition, we generally require that the monthly payments on a residential mortgage loan not exceed 25% of the borrowers household after-tax monthly income. This is mandatory for mortgage loans financed by mortgage bonds in which the assessment value of the property is less than UF 3,000.
As an alternative to finance mortgage loans with mortgage bonds, we have promoted the expansion of Mutuos Hipotecarios, a mortgage-lending product, which is not financed by mortgage finance bonds, but instead through our general funds, especially long-term bonds. Accordingly, Mutuos Hipotecarios allow customers to finance up to 100% the purchase price or the appraised value of the property, whichever is lower, instead of the 75% that a standard mortgage would allow.
As of December 31, 2009, we were Chiles second largest private sector bank in terms of amount of mortgage loans, and, based on information published by the Chilean Superintendency of Banks, we accounted for approximately 14.4% of the residential mortgage loans in the Chilean banking system and approximately 19.2% of such loans made by Chilean private sector banks.
Credit Cards
As of December 31, 2009, we issued Visa, MasterCard and Diners credit cards, including both individual and corporate cards. In addition to traditional credit cards, our portfolio also includes co-branded cards (e.g., Travel Club, Global Pass, and Advantage, among others), and 43 affinity card groups, most of which are associated with our co-branded programs.
As of December 31, 2009, we had 665,226 valid credit card accounts, with 847,040 credit cards to individuals and small and medium-sized companies. Total charges on our credit cards during 2009 amounted to Ch$1,180,981 million, with Ch$1,066,621 million corresponding to purchases and service payments in Chile and abroad and Ch$114,360 million corresponding to cash advances both within Chile and abroad. These charge volumes represent a 29.9% market share in terms of volume of use of bank credit cards issued in Chile.
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As of December 31, 2009, our credit card loans to individuals and small and medium-sized companies amounted to Ch$324,696 million and represented 16.9% of our retail market business segments consumer loans.
Two Chilean companies that are affiliated with us in this market, Transbank S.A. and Nexus S.A., provide us with merchant acquisition and credit card processing services. As of December 31, 2009, Transbank S.A. had 15 shareholders and Nexus S.A. had seven shareholders, all of which were banks. As of December 31, 2009, our equity ownership in Transbank S.A. was 26.16% and our equity ownership in Nexus S.A. was 25.81%.
We believe that the Chilean market for credit cards has a high growth potential, especially among lower and middle-income customer segments, as the average merchant fees should continue to decline due to increasing competition from other banks that operate in Chile and the large department stores and other non-banking businesses that are involved in the issuance of credit cards.
Commercial Credits
Our commercial divisions commercial loans, which mainly consist of project financing and working capital loans, are denominated in pesos, UF and U.S. dollars, may have fixed or variable rates of interest and generally mature between one and three months. As of December 31, 2009, this division had outstanding commercial loans of Ch$1,383,279 million, representing 23.0% of the retail market business segments total loans and 10.5% of our total loans as of the same date.
Leasing Contracts
Leasing contracts are financing leases for capital equipment and property. Leasing contracts may have fixed or variable rates of interest and generally mature between one and five years for equipment and between five and twenty years for property. Most of these contracts are denominated in UF. As of December 31, 2009, this division had outstanding leasing contracts of Ch$125,493 million, representing 2.1% of the retail market business segments total loans and 1.0% of our total loans as of the same date.
Mortgage Loans
Mortgage loans granted to individuals and medium-sized companies are non-residential mortgage loans made to finance offices, land, facilities and other real estate. This kind of credit is denominated in UF and generally have maturities of between eight and twelve years. As of December 31, 2009, this division had mortgage loans of approximately Ch$139,250 million, representing 2.3% of the retail market business segments total loans and 1.1% of our total loans as of the same date.
Debit Cards
We offer different types of debit cards to our customers. Depending on their specifications, these cards can be used for banking transactions at ATMs that operate on the local network, such as Redbanc, the Visa International PLUS network, the local network of merchants participating in the local Redcompra debit program or the international network of merchants associated with the Electron program. We have given different names to these debit cards depending on the cards specific functions and the link between the brand and target market to which they serve. During 2009, the following cards were in operation: Chilecard, Chilecard Plus, Chilecard Electron, Chilecard Empresas, Banjoven, Cheque Electrónico, Multiedwards, Cuenta Directa, Cuenta Fácil, Cuenta Familiar and Citicard. As of December 31, 2009, we had a 22.8% market share of debit card purchase transactions, which corresponds to approximately 32.8 million purchases performed throughout the year.
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Lines of Credit
We had approximately 460,909 approved lines of credit to individual customers and small and medium-sized companies as of December 31, 2009 and outstanding advances to 295,859 individuals that totaled Ch$233,066 million, or 3.9% of the retail market business segments total loans.
Our individual lines of credit are generally available on a revolving basis, up to an approved credit limit, and may be used for any purpose. Advances under lines of credit are denominated in pesos and bear an interest rate that is set monthly.
Deposit Products
We strategically offer deposit products to increase our deposit-taking activities as a means of diversifying our sources of funding. We believe that the deposits of our individual customers provide us with a relatively low-cost, stable source of funding, as well as an opportunity to cross-market our other products and services. In this regard, we offer current accounts, time deposits and savings accounts to our individual customers. Current accounts are peso-denominated and the majority bear no interest (approximately 0.1% of total current accounts of the commercial division are interest-bearing), and savings accounts are denominated in UF and bear a fixed-interest rate. Time deposits are denominated in pesos, UF and U.S. dollars and most bear interest at a fixed rate with terms that range between thirty to 360 days.
While historically demand has been mainly for UF-denominated deposits during periods of high inflation, demand for peso-denominated deposits has increased in recent years as a consequence of lower and more stable inflation rates in Chile.
Consumer Division (Banco CrediChile)
The consumer division offers loans and other financial services to the lower and middle-income segments of the Chilean population, which historically have only been partially served by banking institutions. These segments include individuals whose monthly incomes fluctuate between Ch$170,000 and Ch$400,000, as well as micro businesses. Banco CrediChile represents an alternative delivery channel for our products and services in these segments, maintaining a separate brand supported by a network of 154 Banco CrediChile branches. Banco CrediChile was established in 2004 from what was formerly our consumer banking division. During 2008, the business of Banco CrediChile was combined with the consumer division of Citibank Chile as part of the merger with Citibank Chile. As a consequence of this consolidation, Banco CrediChile became the leader in the consumer segment in Chile.
Banco CrediChile offers its customers a variety of banking products, such as consumer loans, credit cards, automobile financing loans, residential mortgage loans and a special demand deposit account (see Bancuenta below) targeted at low-income customers. As of December 31, 2009, Banco CrediChile had approximately 407,418 customers and total loans outstanding that amounted to Ch$591,497 million, representing 4.5% of our total loans outstanding as of the same date.
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The following table sets forth the composition of Banco CrediChiles loan portfolio in accordance with our internal reporting policies, as of December 31, 2009:
As of December 31, 2009 | ||||||
(in millions of Ch$, except percentages) |
||||||
BANKS INTERNAL REPORTING POLICIES: |
||||||
Consumer loans |
||||||
Installment loans |
Ch$ | 494,223 | 83.6 | % | ||
Credit cards |
34,733 | 5.9 | ||||
Lines of credit |
591 | 0.0 | ||||
Total consumer loans |
529,547 | 89.5 | ||||
Residential mortgage loans |
58,026 | 9.8 | ||||
Commercial loans |
3,924 | 0.7 | ||||
Total |
Ch$ | 591,497 | 100.0 | % | ||
Banco CrediChile focuses on developing and marketing innovative and customized products targeted to satisfy the needs of its customers while introducing them to the banking system. Banco CrediChile complements the services offered by our remaining business segments, especially our wholesale market, by offering services to employers, such as direct deposit capabilities, that stimulate the use of our services by employees.
The Chilean Superintendency of Banks requires greater allowances for loan losses for those banks with low credit classifications. This is the case for Banco CrediChile, which employs a specific credit scoring system, developed by our individual risk division, as well as other criteria to evaluate and monitor credit risk. Thus, in order to ensure the quality of its loan portfolio, Banco CrediChile adheres to the Banks general loan origination procedures, particularly with regard to the use of our credit scoring system and credit management policies, including the use of credit bureaus and the services of the Chilean Superintendency of Banks. In addition, Banco CrediChile carries out rigorous procedures for collection of past-due loans through Socofin S.A., our specialized collection subsidiary. We believe that we have suitable procedures and infrastructure in place to manage the risk exposure of Banco CrediChile. These procedures allow us to take advantage of the attractive growth and earnings potential of this market segment while helping to manage exposure to higher risk. See Item 3. Key InformationRisk FactorsRisks Relating to our Operations and the Banking IndustryThe growth of our loan portfolio may expose us to increased loan losses and Item 3. Key InformationRisk FactorsRisks Relating to our Operations and the Banking IndustryOur loan portfolio may not continue to grow at the same or similar rate.
Consumer Lending
Banco CrediChile provides short to medium-term consumer loans and credit card services. As of December 31, 2009, Banco CrediChile had approximately 352,764 consumer loans that totaled Ch$494,223 million. As of the same date, Banco CrediChile customers had 221,338 valid credit card accounts, with outstanding balances of Ch$34,733 million.
Bancuenta
Banco CrediChile offers its customers Bancuenta, a basic deposit product that is flexible and easy to use. This product allows us to tap into a section of the consumer market that previously was not participating in the banking system. The Bancuenta account is a non-interest bearing demand deposit account without checking privileges targeted at customers who want a secure and comfortable means of managing and accessing their money. Customers may use an ATM card linked to their Bancuenta account (which may include a revolving line of credit) to make deposits or automatic payments to other Banco CrediChile accounts through a network of 5,526 ATMs available through the Redbanc network.
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As of December 31, 2009, Banco CrediChile had 705,322 Bancuenta accounts. Bancuenta account holders pay an annual fee, a fee related to the number of withdrawals on the Bancuenta line of credit and interest on any outstanding balance under the line of credit. All fees and interest due on a Bancuenta account are withdrawn automatically on a monthly basis from funds available in the account. Bancuenta allows us to offer our wholesale customers the ability to pay their employees by direct deposit of funds into the individual employees account at Banco CrediChile. We believe this product can lead to stronger long-term relationships with our wholesale customers and their employees.
Wholesale Market
Our wholesale market business segment serves the needs of corporate customers. In 2009, this business segment recorded an annual operating revenue of approximately Ch$229,125 million, which represented 22.3% of our total operating revenue. As of December 31, 2009, loans made by this business segment amounted to Ch$6,874,957 million and represented 52.1% of our total loan portfolio. In addition, our wholesale banking business segment accounted for approximately Ch$54,505 million of our net income before tax for the year ended December 31, 2009, which amounts to 18.3% of our consolidated net income before tax.
The following table sets forth the composition of our portfolio of loans to the wholesale market in accordance with our internal reporting policies, as of December 31, 2009:
As of December 31, 2009 | ||||||
(in millions of Ch$, except percentages) |
||||||
BANKS INTERNAL REPORTING POLICIES: |
||||||
Commercial credits |
Ch$ | 5,265,915 | 76.6 | % | ||
Foreign trade loans |
768,283 | 11.2 | ||||
Leasing loans |
570,361 | 8.3 | ||||
Factoring loans |
108,864 | 1.6 | ||||
Other loans |
161,534 | 2.3 | ||||
Total |
Ch$ | 6,874,957 | 100.0 | % | ||
As of December 31, 2009, we had 9,469 debtors out of a total of 18,662 wholesale customers. Our wholesale customers are engaged in a wide range of industry sectors. As of December 31, 2009, this business segments loans were mainly related to:
| financial services (approximately 20.9% of all loans made by this business segment); |
| trade (approximately 18.2% of all loans made by this business segment); |
| manufacturing (approximately 11.6% of all loans made by this business segment); |
| communication and transportation (approximately 11.0% of all loans made by this business segment); |
| construction (approximately 10.0% of all loans made by this business segment); |
| agriculture, forestry and fishing (approximately 9.9% of all loans made by this business segment); |
| community, social and personal services (approximately 8.5% of all loans made by this business segment); |
| utilities (approximately 3.4% of all loans made by this business segment); and |
| mining (approximately 1.6% of all loans made by this business segment). |
30
In line with our strategy of identifying and differentiating market segments in order to provide improved value propositions for specific customers, we have defined two divisions within the wholesale market segment based on annual sales: (i) Corporate Division and (ii) Large Companies and Real Estate Division.
Corporate Division
The corporate division provides services to corporations that sell more than Ch$70,000 million annually. This divisions customers consist of a large proportion of Chiles publicly-traded companies, subsidiaries of multinationals and conglomerates (including those that operate in the financial, commercial, manufacturing, industrial and infrastructure sectors) and projects and concessions.
As of December 31, 2009, we had 741 large corporations as debtors out of a total of 2,317 customers in this division, with total outstanding loans that totaled Ch$3,212,652 million, representing 24.4% of our total outstanding loans as of the same date.
As shown by the following table, which has been prepared in accordance with our internal reporting policies, the corporate divisions loan portfolio, as of December 31, 2009, was mainly focused on commercial credits, which accounted for almost 84% of the divisions total loans.
As of December 31, 2009 | ||||||
(in millions of Ch$, except percentages) |
||||||
BANKS INTERNAL REPORTING POLICIES: |
||||||
Commercial credits |
Ch$ | 2,688,216 | 83.7 | % | ||
Foreign trade loans |
292,204 | 9.1 | ||||
Leasing loans |
60,023 | 1.9 | ||||
Factoring loans |
59,431 | 1.8 | ||||
Other loans |
112,778 | 3.5 | ||||
Total |
Ch$ | 3,212,652 | 100.0 | % | ||
We offer a wide range of products to large corporations that include short and long-term financing, working capital loans, mortgage loans, leasing, long-term syndicated loans and factoring, as well as investment banking services offered by our subsidiary, Banchile Asesoría Financiera S.A., which include the underwriting of public and private securities offerings. We also offer payment services (payrolls, suppliers, pensions, dividends, etc.), collection services and connection to international funds transfer networks, as well as traditional deposit products, in particular current accounts.
We are party to approximately 932 payment service contracts and approximately 205 collection service contracts with large corporations. We believe that cash management and payment service contracts provide a source of low-cost deposits and the opportunity to cross-market our products and fees to payees, many of whom maintain accounts with us. Under our collection contracts, we act as a collection agent for our large corporate customers, providing centralized collection services for their accounts receivable and other similar payments.
In order to provide a highly competitive service, our corporate division has the direct support of our treasury and money market operations segment, which fulfills our corporate customers liquidity and short-term loans requirements directly. We have also improved our technological offerings to facilitate connection with customers and permit self-service. Similarly, we offer derivative products, which we believe have become increasingly important, especially peso-dollar and UF-dollar forward contracts and interest rate swaps.
In recent years, the market for loans to large corporations in Chile has been characterized by reduced profit margins, due in part to the greater direct access of such customers to domestic and international capital markets and other funding sources. Consequently, we have been increasingly focused on profit margin growth and cross-selling fee generating services, such as payroll processing, dividend payments and billing services, as well as computer banking services. This strategy has enabled us to maintain profitable relationships with our large corporate customers while preserving the ability to extend credit when appropriate opportunities arise.
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During 2009, we developed and implemented a new customer service model, which allows account executives to focus their efforts on identifying commercial needs and structuring greater added-value deals for customers, rather than on transactional duties. The implementation of this new service model has led to an important increase in revenue and in the number of weekly customer visits and business transactions.
Large Companies and Real Estate Division
The large companies and real estate division provides a broad range of financial products and services, such as electronic banking, leasing, foreign trade and financial consultancy, to companies with annual sales that range between Ch$1,400 million and Ch$70,000 million. Customers served by this division are those related to commercial, manufacturing, agricultural, forestry, fishing, infrastructure and real estate sectors, as well as projects and concessions.
As of December 31, 2009, we had 8,728 large companies as debtors out of a total of 16,345 customers. Loans to large companies totaled approximately Ch$3,662,305 million as of the same date, which represented 27.8% of our total loans.
The following table sets forth the composition of the large companies and real estate divisions loan portfolio in accordance with our internal reporting policies, as of December 31, 2009:
As of December 31, 2009 | ||||||
(in millions of Ch$, except percentages) |
||||||
BANKS INTERNAL REPORTING POLICIES: |
||||||
Commercial credits |
Ch$ | 2,577,699 | 70.4 | % | ||
Foreign trade loans |
476,079 | 13.0 | ||||
Leasing loans |
510,338 | 13.9 | ||||
Factoring loans |
49,433 | 1.4 | ||||
Other loans |
48,756 | 1.3 | ||||
Total |
Ch$ | 3,662,305 | 100.0 | % | ||
The products and services offered to large companies are mainly related to commercial loans, lines of credit, foreign trade and foreign currency transactions, factoring services, leasing, mortgage loans, syndicated loans, mergers and acquisitions and debt restructuring assistance, payments and collections services, current accounts and related services, corporate credit cards, cash and investment management, forward contracts to hedge against currency fluctuations and insurance brokerage.
This divisions aim is to deliver exceptional service to its customers based on proactive financial support that enhances long-term relationships with customers. In order to improve service quality, during 2009, the division redesigned its service model to take advantage of synergies arising from the interaction of account and specialized support executives responsible for ensuring comprehensive customer service. These modifications enabled the division to strengthen customer relationships and increase market share, as well as product offerings. We are confident this new service model will result in important improvements in service quality and productivity since each business platform will be able to fully satisfy customers financial needs. This service model is supported by sales-oriented account officers that are organized by geographic region and economic sector and that have a particular focus on service quality.
Our leasing segment is part of the large companies and real estate division and operates under the name of Banchile Leasing. Our factoring subsidiary, Banchile Factoring S.A., mainly provides its services through the large companies and real estate division.
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Treasury and money market operations
Our treasury and money market operations business segment provides a wide range of financial services to our customers, including currency intermediation, forward contracts, interest rate swaps, transactions under repurchase agreements and investment products based on bonds, mortgage finance bonds and deposits.
In addition, our treasury and money market operations business segment is focused on managing currency, interest rate and maturity gaps, ensuring adequate liquidity levels, managing our investment portfolio and performing the intermediation of fixed-income instruments, currencies and derivatives. Interest rate gap management is aimed at generating an adequate funding structure, prioritizing our capitalization and asset and liability cost structure and funding source diversification. This segment is also responsible for the issuance of short and long-term bonds and the issuance of long-term subordinated bonds.
The treasury and money market operations business segment is also in charge of monitoring compliance with regulatory deposit limits, technical reserves and maturity and rate matches and monitors our adherence to the security margins defined by regulatory limits, as well as risk limits for interest rate, currency and investment gaps. The treasury and money market operations business segment continually monitors the funding costs of the local financial system, comparing them with our own.
Our securities portfolio as of December 31, 2009, amounted to Ch$1,697,489 million, of which 36% consisted of securities issued by the Central Bank and the Chilean Government, 12% consisted of securities from foreign issuers, 43% consisted of securities issued by local financial institutions and 9% consisted of securities issued by Chilean corporate issuers. Our investment strategy is designed with the aim of supplementing our expected profitability, risks and economic variable projections while adhering to the regulatory guidelines and internal limits defined by our finance committee.
The funding functions carried out by our treasury division are complemented by our international area, called International Financial Institutions (IFI), which manages relations with correspondent banks throughout the world, facilitating international payments and obtaining foreign currency financing for the Bank itself. As of December 31, 2009, we have established a network of approximately 600 correspondent banks, credit relations with approximately 250 correspondent banks and account relationships with approximately 42 correspondent banks. During 2009, we entered into a new Framework Agreement of financial cooperation with the Export-Import Bank of China, the main foreign trade development bank in China, a major trading partner of Chile.
Operations through Subsidiaries
We have made several strategic long-term investments in financial services companies that are engaged in activities complementary to our commercial banking activities. Our principal goal in making these investments is to develop a comprehensive financial services group capable of meeting the diverse financial needs of our current and potential clients.
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The following table sets forth information with respect to our financial services subsidiaries in accordance with our internal reporting policies as of December 31, 2009:
As of or for the year ended December 31, 2009 | ||||||||||
Assets | Equity | Net Income (loss) | ||||||||
(in millions of Ch$) | ||||||||||
BANKS INTERNAL REPORTING POLICIES: |
||||||||||
Banchile Trade Services Limited (Hong Kong) |
Ch$ | 619 | Ch$ | 604 | Ch$ | 44 | ||||
Banchile Administradora General de Fondos S.A. |
58,504 | 54,764 | 10,039 | |||||||
Banchile Asesoría Financiera S.A. |
8,773 | 6,780 | 5,599 | |||||||
Banchile Corredores de Seguros Ltda |
18,157 | 15,509 | 4,270 | |||||||
Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A. |
732,211 | 79,272 | 16,387 | |||||||
Banchile Factoring S.A. |
232,238 | 40,645 | 7,194 | |||||||
Banchile Securitizadora S.A. |
493 | 408 | | |||||||
Socofin S.A. |
5,997 | 197 | (340 | ) | ||||||
Promarket S.A. |
2,548 | 1,580 | 650 | |||||||
Citibank Agencia de Valores S.A.(1) |
| | | |||||||
Total |
Ch$ | 1,059,540 | Ch$ | 199,759 | Ch$ | 43,843 | ||||
(1) | As a result of the merger with Citibank Chile, Banco de Chile, as the legal successor and continuing entity of Citibank Chile, holds title to all of the rights that belonged to the corporation Citibank Agencia de Valores S.A., which consequently became a subsidiary of Banco de Chile in accordance with article 70 of the General Banking Law and Chapter 11-6 of the Updated Compilation of Standards. Effective January 1, 2009, Citibank Agencia de Valores S.A. merged with and into Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A. |
The following table sets forth information with respect to our ownership interest in our financial services subsidiaries as of December 31, 2009:
Ownership Interest | ||||||
Direct (%) | Indirect (%) | Total (%) | ||||
Banchile Trade Services Limited (Hong Kong) |
100.00 | | 100.00 | |||
Banchile Administradora General de Fondos S.A. |
99.98 | 0.02 | 100.00 | |||
Banchile Asesoría Financiera S.A. |
99.96 | | 99.96 | |||
Banchile Corredores de Seguros Ltda. |
99.83 | 0.17 | 100.00 | |||
Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A. |
99.70 | 0.30 | 100.00 | |||
Banchile Factoring S.A. |
99.75 | 0.25 | 100.00 | |||
Banchile Securitizadora S.A. |
99.00 | 1.00 | 100.00 | |||
Socofin S.A. |
99.00 | 1.00 | 100.00 | |||
Promarket S.A. |
99.00 | 1.00 | 100.00 |
Each of these subsidiaries is incorporated in Chile, except for Banchile Trade Services Limited, which is incorporated in Hong Kong.
Securities Brokerage Services
We provide securities brokerage services through Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A. Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A. is registered as a securities broker with the Chilean Superintendency of Securities and Insurance, the regulator of Chilean open stock corporations, and is a member of the Santiago Stock Exchange and the Chilean Electronic Stock Exchange. Since it was founded in 1989, Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A. has provided stock brokerage services, fixed-income investments and foreign exchange products to individuals and companies through our branch network. During the year ended December 31, 2009, Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A. recorded an aggregate trading volume on the Santiago Stock Exchange and the Chilean Electronic Stock Exchange of approximately Ch$6,788,286 million. As of December 31, 2009, Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A. had equity of Ch$79,272 million and, for the year ended December 31, 2009, net income of Ch$16,387 million, which represented 6.3% of our consolidated net income for the same period.
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As a result of the merger between Banco de Chile and Citibank Chile, Citibank Agencia de Valores S.A. became a subsidiary of Banco de Chile as of January 1, 2008. In early 2009, Citibank Agencia de Valores S.A. merged with and into Banchile Corredores de Bolsa S.A.
Mutual and Investment Fund Management
Since 1980, we have provided mutual fund management services through Banchile Administradora General de Fondos S.A. (formerly Banchile Administradora de Fondos Mutuos S.A.). As of December 31, 2009, according to data prepared by the Chilean Superintendency of Securities and Insurance, Banchile Administradora General de Fondos S.A. was the largest mutual fund manager in Chile, managing approximately 24.8% of all Chilean mutual funds assets. As of December 31, 2009, Banchile Administradora General de Fondos S.A. operated 73 mutual funds and managed Ch$4,321,893 million in net assets on behalf of more than 289,000 corporate and individual participants. Also, Banchile Administradora General de Fondos S.A. operates five investment funds: Chile Small Cap, Banchile Inmobiliario I, II and III, and Brasil and manages Ch$108,446 million in net assets on behalf of 925 participants.
During 2008, Banco de Chile acquired Legg Mason Chile, which channeled the business of Citibank Chile. Subsequently, during the same period, Legg Mason Chile merged with Banchile Administradora General de Fondos S.A.
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The following table sets forth information regarding the various mutual funds managed by Banchile Administradora General de Fondos S.A. as of December 31, 2009:
Name of Fund |
Type of Fund |
Net Asset Value As of December 31, 2009 | |||
(in millions of Ch$) | |||||
Ahorro |
Fixed income (medium/long term) |
Ch$ | 23,422 | ||
Alianza |
Fixed income (medium/long term) |
12,458 | |||
América Latina Accionario |
Equity |
34,603 | |||
Asia Fund |
Debt/Equity |
7,041 | |||
Asiático Accionario |
Equity |
16,477 | |||
Balance I |
Debt/Equity |
37,092 | |||
Banchile Acciones |
Equity |
81,348 | |||
Banda Dólar Garantizado |
Fixed income (medium/long term) |
8,595 | |||
Banda Estados Unidos Garantizado |
Fixed income (medium/long term) |
6,406 | |||
Banda Europa Garantizado |
Fixed income (medium/long term) |
4,445 | |||
Booster China Garantizado |
Fixed income (medium/long term) |
1,798 | |||
Capital Financiero |
Fixed income (short term) |
24,596 | |||
Capitalisa Accionario |
Equity |
6,144 | |||
Carry Trade Monedas |
Fixed income (medium/long term) |
8,216 | |||
Cash |
Fixed income (short term) |
84,807 | |||
Chile Accionario |
Equity |
30,823 | |||
Cobertura |
Fixed income (medium/long term) |
958 | |||
Corporate Dólar Fund |
Fixed income (short term) |
362,215 | |||
Corporativo |
Fixed income (short term) |
506,334 | |||
Crecimiento |
Fixed income (short/medium term) |
67,991 | |||
Depósito XXI |
Fixed income (medium/long term) |
208,950 | |||
Disponible |
Fixed income (short term) |
46,234 | |||
Dolar Fund |
Fixed income (medium/long term) |
18,353 | |||
Emerging Dollar Fund |
Debt/Equity |
32,615 | |||
Emerging Fund |
Debt/Equity |
50,182 | |||
Estrategia Commodities Garantizado |
Fixed income (medium/long term) |
7,830 | |||
Estratégico |
Fixed income (medium/long term) |
254,637 | |||
Euro Money Market Fund |
Fixed income (short term) |
29,240 | |||
Europe Fund |
Debt/Equity |
3,467 | |||
Flexible |
Fixed income (short term) |
4,916 | |||
Fortalezas Garantizado |
Fixed income (medium/long term) |
10,192 | |||
Fronteras del Este Garantizado |
Fixed income (medium/long term) |
1,997 | |||
Gigantes Garantizado |
Fixed income (medium/long term) |
13,501 | |||
Global Dollar Fund |
Debt/Equity |
2,923 | |||
Global Fund |
Debt/Equity |
6,327 | |||
Horizonte |
Fixed income (medium/long term) |
31,941 | |||
International Bond Fund |
Fixed income (medium/long term) |
205 | |||
Inversión |
Debt/Equity |
42,845 | |||
Inversión 10 |
Debt/Equity |
1,202 | |||
Inversión 20 |
Debt/Equity |
3,103 | |||
Inversión Brasil |
Debt/Equity |
41,918 | |||
Inversión China |
Debt/Equity |
10,596 | |||
Inversión Dollar 30 |
Debt/Equity |
3,168 | |||
Inversionista Calificado I |
Equity |
16,486 | |||
Latin America Fund |
Debt/Equity |
114,575 | |||
Liquidez 2000 |
Fixed income (short term) |
715,188 | |||
Liquidez Full |
Fixed income (short term) |
689,908 | |||
Marfil Garantizado |
Fixed income (medium/long term) |
9,599 | |||
Mid Cap |
Equity |
20,350 | |||
Muralla China Garantizado |
Fixed income (medium/long term) |
29,176 | |||
Operacional |
Fixed income (medium/long term) |
27,299 | |||
Oportunidades Sectoriales |
Debt/Equity |
11,482 | |||
Patrimonial |
Fixed income (short term) |
114,465 | |||
Performance |
Fixed income (short/medium term) |
14,430 | |||
Potencias Garantizado |
Fixed income (medium/long term) |
61,584 | |||
Renta Futura |
Fixed income (medium/long term) |
114,645 | |||
Retorno Dólar |
Fixed income (medium/long term) |
6,034 | |||
Retorno LP UF |
Fixed income (medium/long term) |
24,673 | |||
Retorno MP |
Fixed income (medium/long term) |
4,507 | |||
Tigres Garantizado |
Fixed income (medium/long term) |
7,097 | |||
U.S. Dollar Fund |
Debt/Equity |
3,216 | |||
U.S. Fund |
Debt/Equity |
7,829 | |||
USA Accionario |
Equity |
3,751 | |||
Utilidades |
Fixed income (short/medium term) |
88,714 | |||
Verde Amarelo Garantizado |
Fixed income (medium/long term) |
34,693 | |||
Viejo Continente Accionario |
Equity |
1,187 | |||
Visión Dinámica Acciones |
Debt/Equity |
5,904 | |||
Visión Dinámica Activa A |
Debt/Equity |
15,707 | |||
Visión Dinámica B |
Debt/Equity |
5,770 | |||
Visión Dinámica C |
Debt/Equity |
7,639 | |||
Visión Dinámica D |
Debt/Equity |
1,876 | |||
Visión Dinámica E |
Debt/Equity |
3,682 | |||
Wall Street 107 Garantizado |
Fixed income (medium/long term) |
8,316 | |||
Total |
Ch$ | 4,321,893 | |||
36
As of December 31, 2009, Banchile Administradora General de Fondos S.A. recorded equity of Ch$54,764 million and, for the year ended December 31, 2009, net income of Ch$10,039 million, which represented 3.8% of our 2009 consolidated net income.
Factoring Services
We provide factoring services to our customers through Banchile Factoring S.A. Through this service, we purchase our customers outstanding debt portfolios, such as bills, notes, promissory notes or contracts, advancing them the cash flows involved and performing the collection of the related instruments. As of December 31, 2009, Banchile Factoring S.A. had net income of Ch$7,194 million, which represents 2.75% of our 2009 consolidated net income, and an estimated 22.7% market share in Chiles factoring industry.
Financial Advisory Services
We provide financial advisory and other investment banking services to our customers through Banchile Asesoría Financiera S.A. The services offered by Banchile Asesoría Financiera S.A. are primarily targeted to our corporate customers and include advisory services concerning mergers and acquisitions, restructuring, project finance and strategic alliances. As of December 31, 2009, Banchile Asesoría Financiera S.A. had equity of Ch$6,780 million and, for the year ended December 31, 2009, net income of Ch$5,599 million.
Insurance Brokerage
We provide insurance brokerage services to our customers through Banchile Corredores de Seguros Limitada. In 2000, we began to offer life insurance policies associated with consumer loans and non-credit related insurance to our individual customers and the general public. As of December 31, 2009, Banchile Corredores de Seguros Limitada had equity of Ch$15,509 million and, for the year ended December 31, 2009, net income of Ch$4,270 million. Banchile Corredores de Seguros Limitada had a 5.3% market share, measured by the number of policies (in Chilean pesos) sold by insurance brokerage companies during 2008, the latest year for which information is available for insurance brokerage companies.
Securitization Services
We offer investment products to meet the demands of institutional investors, such as private pension funds and insurance companies, through Banchile Securitizadora S.A. This subsidiary securitizes financial assets, which involves the issuance of debt instruments with credit ratings that can be traded in the Chilean marketplace, backed by a bundle of revenue-producing assets of the client company. As of December 31, 2009, Banchile Securitizadora S.A. had equity of Ch$408 million and, for the year ended December 31, 2009, no net income. As of December 31, 2009, Banchile Securitizadora S.A. had a 19.6% market share measured by volume of assets securitized.
37
Credits pre-evaluation services
Promarket S.A. provides credit pre-evaluation services to the Bank and its subsidiaries, including researching potential customers. As of December 31, 2009, Promarket S.A. had equity of Ch$1,580 million and, for the year ended December 31, 2009, net income of Ch$650 million.
Collection Services
We provide judicial and extra-judicial loan collection services on our behalf and on behalf of third parties through our subsidiary Socofin S.A. As of December 31, 2009, Socofin S.A. had equity of Ch$197 million and, for the year ended December 31, 2009, a net loss of Ch$340 million.
Trade Services
In November 2004, we began offering direct trade services to our customers through Banchile Trade Services Limited, which acts as our trade finance entity in markets such as China, Hong Kong, Taiwan and South Korea. As of December 31, 2009, Banchile Trade Services Limited had equity of Ch$604 million and, for the year ended December 31, 2009, net income of Ch$44 million.
Distribution Channels and Electronic Banking
Our distribution network provides integrated financial services and products to our customers through a wide range of channels. This network includes ATMs, branches, on-line banking and phone-banking devices. Our 1,588 ATMs (that form part of Redbancs 5,526 ATM system) allow our customers to conduct self-service banking transactions during banking and non-banking hours.
As of December 31, 2009, we had a network of 400 retail branches and customer service centers throughout Chile. The branch system serves as a distribution network for all of the products and services offered to our customers. Our full-service branches accept deposits, disburse cash, offer the full range of our retail banking products, such as consumer loans, automobile financing loans, credit cards, mortgage loans and current accounts and provide information to current and potential customers.
We offer electronic banking services to our customers 24 hours a day through our internet website, www.bancochile.cl, which has homepages that are segmented by the different target markets we serve. Our individual homepage offers a broad range of services, including the payment of bills, electronic fund transfers, stop payment and non-charge orders, as well as a wide variety of account inquiries. Our corporate homepage offers services including our office banking service, Banconexion Web, which enables our corporate customers to perform all of their banking transactions from their offices. Both homepages offer our customers the sale of third-party products with exclusive benefits. We also have a homepage designed for our investor customers, through which they can perform transactions such as stock trading, time deposit taking and opening savings accounts. Our foreign trade customers can rely on our international business homepage, which enables them to inquire about the status of their foreign trade transactions and perform transactions, such as opening letters of credit, recording import collection and hedging on instructions and letters of credit. In 2009, approximately 439,273 individual and corporate customers performed close to 17.8 million transactions monthly on our website, of which approximately 4.0 million were monetary transactions.
In addition, we provide our customers with access to a 24-hour phone-banking call center that grants them access to account information and allows them to effect fund transfers and certain payments. This service, through which we receive approximately 482,663 calls per month, has enabled us to develop customer loyalty campaigns, sell financial products and services, answer specialized inquiries about our remote services and receive and resolve complaints by customers and non-customers.
38
In 2001, in association with Banco de Crédito e Inversiones, we created a company called Comercio Electrónico Artikos Chile S.A. with the purpose of providing Chilean companies with the opportunity to trade their products and services electronically through the internet. We supplement this service with a wide range of financial services and electronic payment means.
Effects of Massive Earthquake on our Assets
On February 27, 2010, a massive earthquake hit Chiles center-south region. Private and public Chilean infrastructure was significantly damaged. The Chilean authorities have estimated that the post-earthquake reconstruction process will take at least two years.
Individual wealth was impacted and the homes of some of the financial systems customers in the affected zones were destroyed by the earthquake. To help our customers, we have eased payment terms for our non-delinquent clients in the affected areas. Although the risk associated with this event varies from bank to bank, we have determined that the impact on the credit quality of our loans portfolio will not be significant. This estimation relies on (i) our low loan exposure in the most affected zones, as these areas only represent 8% of our loan portfolio, (ii) the financial strength of our customers and (iii) the fact that a significant portion of the damage was insured. Thus, as of March 31, 2010, we have established allowances for loan losses of approximately Ch$2.4 billion (U.S.$4.6 million) as a result of the earthquake. We believe that our risk position should allow us to face any temporary credit risk volatility.
In addition, in the first quarter of 2010 we recognized property and equipment impairments of Ch$1.1 billion (U.S.$2.1 million) as a result of the structural damage suffered by some of our branches and customer service centers, which have been complemented by a cash donation of Ch$0.8 billion (U.S.$1.4 million) through a national fundraising campaign for post-earthquake reconstruction and by Ch$0.9 billion (U.S.$1.8 million) that we disbursed in order to support our staff that suffered damage due to the earthquake.
Involvement with the Transantiago Plan
Since June 2005, we have been a shareholder in Administrador Financiero del Transantiago (AFT), the company responsible for the financial management of the overhaul of Santiagos public transit system (the Transantiago Plan). Other majority shareholders of the company include three major Chilean banks, a financial services company and a technology services company. We own 20% of AFTs shares, which represented an original capitalization of approximately U.S.$13.4 million as of June 8, 2005.
The Transantiago Plan has faced operational deficits that are being funded by means of permanent and temporary fiscal subsidies in accordance with the provisions of Law 20,378, which was enacted in September 2009.
In 2007, as shareholders of AFT, we made extraordinary contributions for a total amount of U.S.$4,114,000 with the purpose of financing AFTs expenses, which were capitalized as of December 31, 2007. Between January and April 2008, we made additional funds available to AFT in the amount of U.S.$358,000 to pay AFTs expenses arising from the Transantiago Plan. We have made no additional funds available after April 2008. Banco de Chile, as AFTs shareholder, believes that AFT may continue to finance its operational expenses with revenue generated in the ordinary course of its business. However, if we had to incur additional payments, we do not expect that any such payments will materially affect our business.
Competition
Overview
The Chilean market for banking and other financial services is highly and increasingly competitive and consists of a number of different market sectors. The most important sector, commercial banking, includes 23 private sector banks and one public sector bank, Banco del Estado. As of December 31, 2009, a group of four banks accounted for 67.9% of all outstanding loans placed by Chilean financial institutions: Banco Santander-Chile (19.9%), our bank (19.1%), Banco del Estado (16.1%) and Banco de Crédito e Inversiones (12.8%).
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We face significant and increasing competition in all of the market segments we serve. As a commercial bank offering a range of services to all types of businesses and individual customers, we face a variety of competitors, ranging from other large, private sector commercial banks to more specialized entities like niche banks. We consider the principal commercial banks in Chile to be our primary competitors, namely, Banco Santander-Chile, Banco de Crédito e Inversiones, Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria Chile (BBVA), and Corpbanca. Nevertheless, we also face competition from Banco del Estado, a publicly-owned bank, which has a larger distribution network and larger customer base than we do. Banco del Estado, which operates under the same regulatory regime as Chilean private sector banks, was the third largest bank in Chile as of December 31, 2009, with outstanding total loans of Ch$11,078,493 million, representing a 16.1% market share, according to data published by the Chilean Superintendency of Banks.
In the wholesale market, we consider our strongest competitors to be Banco Santander-Chile, Banco de Crédito e Inversiones, BBVA and Corpbanca. We also consider these banks to be our most significant competitors in the small and medium-sized companies business segment.
In the retail market, we compete with other private sector Chilean banks, as well with Banco del Estado. Among private banks, we consider our strongest competitors in this market to be Banco Santander-Chile, Banco de Crédito e Inversiones and BBVA, as these banks have developed business strategies that focus on both small and medium-sized companies and lower-middle to middle income brackets of the Chilean population. In addition, with respect to high-income individuals, as of December 2009, we considered our strongest competitors in this market to be Banco Santander-Chile and Banco Itaú Chile.
The Chilean banking industry has experienced increased levels of competition in recent years from domestic as well as foreign banks, which has led to, among other things, consolidation in the industry. Consequently, banks strategies have, in general terms, been aimed at reducing costs and improving efficiency standards. Although we are making our best efforts in order to deal with increasing competition, we also acknowledge that our income may decrease due to the extent and intensity of competition.
We expect this trend of increasing competition and consolidation to continue, particularly in connection with the formation of new large financial groups and the creation of new niche banks. In this regard, in mid-1996, Banco Santander of Spain took control of Banco Osorno and merged it into its Chilean operations, changing its name to Banco Santander-Chile. In addition, Banco O Higgins and Banco de Santiago merged in January 1997, forming Banco Santiago. In 1999, Banco Santander of Spain took control of Banco Santiago. During 2001, Banco de Chile merged with Banco de A. Edwards, which came into effect on January 1, 2002. In August 2002, Banco Santiago and Banco SantanderChile, then the second and fourth largest banks in Chile, respectively, merged and became Chiles largest bank under the formers name. In 2003, Banco del Desarrollo merged with Banco Sudamericano, and in 2004, Dresdner Banque Nationale de Paris merged with Banco Security. In 2005, Banco de Crédito e Inversiones merged with Banco Conosur. In 2007, Banco Itaú acquired Bank Boston unit in Chile, while Rabobank acquired HNS Bank and Scotiabank acquired Banco del Desarrollo. In the first quarter of 2008, we merged with Citibank Chile, and afterwards the Chilean Superintendency of Banks authorized the opening of a branch of the Norwegian bank DnB NOR and the acquisition of ABN Amro Bank by The Royal Bank of Scotland. In early 2009, the merger agreement between Scotiabank Sudamericano and Banco del Desarrollo was completed, through which the former became Scotiabank Chile and the latter ceased to exist. In addition, during 2009, Banco Monex was acquired by Consorcio Group, which absorbed the whole operations of the former and its subsidiaries, becoming Banco Consorcio.
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Although we believe that we are currently large enough to compete effectively in our target markets, any further consolidation in the Chilean financial services industry may adversely affect our competitive position. We are working on developing and enhancing our competitive strengths to ensure our sustainability.
Historically, commercial banks in Chile have competed in the retail market against each other, with finance companies and with department stores, the latter two having traditionally been focused on consumer loans to low and middle-income segments. However, finance companies have gradually disappeared as most of them have been merged into the largest banks.
In recent years, the Chilean financial system has witnessed a new phenomenon: the rise of non-traditional banking competitors, such as large department stores. The participation of these players has become increasingly significant in the consumer-lending sector. Currently, there are three consumer-oriented banks, affiliated with Chiles largest department stores, Banco Falabella, Banco Ripley and Banco Paris. Although these banks had a market share of only 1.5% as of December 31, 2009 according to the Chilean Superintendency of Banks, the presence of these banks is likely to make consumer banking more competitive.
Below is a set of tables and figures for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2009 that shows our position within the Chilean banking system. Prior years have not been included in these tables as new accounting rules applicable to the presentation of financial information by the Chilean banking industry became in effect at January 1, 2008, and figures before January 1, 2008 are not comparable. In addition, the market information is set forth under Chilean GAAP as published by the Chilean Superintendency of Banks.
The following table sets forth certain statistical information on the Chilean financial system as of December 31, 2009, according to information published by the Chilean Superintendency of Banks under Chilean GAAP:
As of December 31, 2009 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Assets | Loans(1) | Deposits | Equity(2) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Amount | Share | Amount | Share | Amount | Share | Amount | Share | |||||||||||||||||
(in millions of Ch$, except percentages) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
CHILEAN GAAP: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Private sector banks |
Ch$ | 84,917,540 | 83.4 | % | Ch$ | 57,885,859 | 83.9 | % | Ch$ | 47,805,932 | 81.6 | % | Ch$ | 7,100,362 | 88.4 | % | ||||||||
Banco del Estado |
16,893,528 | 16.6 | 11,078,493 | 16.1 | 10,758,141 | 18.4 | 934,942 | 11.6 | ||||||||||||||||
Total banking system |
Ch$ | 101,811,068 | 100.0 | % | Ch$ | 68,964,352 | 100.0 | % | Ch$ | 58,564,073 | 100.0 | % | Ch$ | 8,035,304 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||
Source: Chilean Superintendency of Banks
(1) | Net of interbank loans. |
(2) | For purposes of this table, equity includes capital and reserves, net income for the applicable period and a provision for minimum dividends. |
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Loans
The following table sets forth our market share and the market share of each of our principal private sector competitors in terms of total loans as of the dates indicated according to information published by the Chilean Superintendency of Banks under Chilean GAAP:
Bank Loans(1) | ||||||
As of December 31, 2009 | ||||||
2008 | 2009 | |||||
CHILEAN GAAP: |
||||||
Banco Santander-Chile |
20.7 | % | 19.9 | % | ||
Banco de Chile |
19.4 | 19.1 | ||||
Banco de Crédito e Inversiones |
13.3 | 12.8 | ||||
BBVA Bilbao Vizcaya |
7.5 | 7.0 | ||||
Banco Corpbanca |
7.0 | 7.3 | ||||
Total market share |
68.0 | % | 66.1 | % | ||
Source: Chilean Superintendency of Banks
(1) | Provisions for loan losses not deducted. |
Credit Quality
According to information published by the Chilean Superintendency of Banks, as of December 31, 2009, our ratio of allowances to total loans was 2.45%. This ratio is slightly above the 2.43% posted by the Chilean financial system as a whole. The following table sets forth the ratio of allowances to total loans of the largest private sector banks and that of the financial system as a whole (including such banks) as of December 31, 2008 and 2009, according to information published by the Chilean Superintendency of Banks under Chilean GAAP:
Allowances to Total Loans | ||||||
As of December 31, | ||||||
2008 | 2009 | |||||
CHILEAN GAAP: |
||||||
Banco de Chile |
1.78 | % | 2.45 | % | ||
Banco de Crédito e Inversiones |
1.41 | 2.21 | ||||
BBVA Bilbao Vizcaya |
1.13 | 1.61 | ||||
Banco SantanderChile |
1.88 | 2.55 | ||||
Banco Corpbanca |
1.51 | 1.91 | ||||
Financial system |
1.86 | % | 2.43 | % |
Source: Chilean Superintendency of Banks
According to information published by the Chilean Superintendency of Banks under Chilean GAAP, as of December 31, 2009, we had a ratio of past-due loans to total loans of 0.68%, as compared to the ratio of 1.36% by the Chilean financial system as a whole during the same period. The following table sets forth the ratio of past-due loans to total loans for the largest private sector banks as of December 31, 2008 and 2009 on a consolidated basis, according to information published by the Chilean Superintendency of Banks under Chilean GAAP:
Past-Due Loans to Total Loans | ||||||
As of December 31, | ||||||
2008 | 2009 | |||||
CHILEAN GAAP: |
||||||
BBVA Bilbao Vizcaya |
1.00 | % | 1.02 | % | ||
Banco SantanderChile |
1.10 | 1.41 | ||||
Banco de Crédito e Inversiones |
0.80 | 1.19 | ||||
Banco de Chile |
0.60 | 0.68 | ||||
Banco Corpbanca |
0.78 | 0.82 | ||||
Financial system |
0.99 | % | 1.36 | % |
Source: Chilean Superintendency of Banks
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Deposits
We had deposits of Ch$11,145,557 million as of December 31, 2009, according to information published by the Chilean Superintendency of Banks under Chilean GAAP. As a consequence, we had a 19.0% market share in deposits, which placed us in first place among private sector banks. The following table sets forth the market shares in terms of deposits for private sector banks as of December 31, 2008 and 2009, on a consolidated basis, according to information published by the Chilean Superintendency of Banks under Chilean GAAP:
Deposits | ||||||
As of December 31, | ||||||
2008 | 2009 | |||||
CHILEAN GAAP: |
||||||
Banco de Chile |
18.8 | % | 19.0 | % | ||
Banco SantanderChile |
20.8 | 18.3 | ||||
Banco de Crédito e Inversiones |
13.2 | 13.5 | ||||
BBVA Bilbao Vizcaya |
7.4 | 6.6 | ||||
Banco Corpbanca |
6.1 | 6.5 | ||||
Total market share |
66.3 | % | 63.9 | % | ||
Source: Chilean Superintendency of Banks
Capital and Reserves
With Ch$1,315,382 million in capital and reserves (not including net income, non-controlling interest and provisions for minimum dividends) as of December 31, 2009, according to information published by the Chilean Superintendency of Banks, we were the second largest private sector commercial bank in Chile in terms of capital and reserves.
The following table sets forth the level of capital and reserves for the largest private sector banks in Chile as of December 31, 2008 and 2009, according to information published by the Chilean Superintendency of Banks under Chilean GAAP:
Capital and Reserves | ||||||
As of December 31, | ||||||
2008 | 2009 | |||||
(in millions of Ch$) | ||||||
CHILEAN GAAP: |
||||||
Banco SantanderChile |
Ch$ | 1,198,957 | Ch$ | 1,386,238 | ||
Banco de Chile |
1,165,014 | 1,315,382 | ||||
Banco de Crédito e Inversiones |
620,412 | 783,611 | ||||
Banco Corpbanca |
436,191 | 460,980 | ||||
BBVA Bilbao Vizcaya |
Ch$ | 384,415 | Ch$ | 432,626 |
Source: Chilean Superintendency of Banks
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Return on Capital and Reserves
Our return on capital and reserves, was 19.6% for the year ended December 31, 2009, according to information published by the Chilean Superintendency of Banks under Chilean GAAP. The following table sets forth our return on capital and reserves and the returns on capital and reserves of our principal private sector competitors and the Chilean financial system, in each case as of December 31, 2008 and 2009, according to information published by the Chilean Superintendency of Banks under Chilean GAAP:
Return on Capital and Reserves | ||||||
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||
2008 | 2009 | |||||
CHILEAN GAAP: |
||||||
Banco de Chile |
29.8 | % | 19.6 | % | ||
Banco Santander-Chile |
34.6 | 31.1 | ||||
Banco de Crédito e Inversiones |
31.0 | 20.5 | ||||
Banco Corpbanca |
19.8 | 18.5 | ||||
BBVA Bilbao Vizcaya |
18.1 | 15.7 | ||||
Financial system average |
22.2 | % | 16.5 | % |
Source: Chilean Superintendency of Banks
Efficiency
For the year ended December 31, 2009, our efficiency ratio (operating expenses as a percentage of our operating revenues) was 48.8%, on a consolidated basis. The following table sets forth the efficiency ratios of the largest private sector Chilean banks as of December 31, 2008 and 2009, according to information published by the Chilean Superintendency of Banks under Chilean GAAP:
Efficiency Ratio(1) | ||||||
As of December 31, | ||||||
2008 | 2009 | |||||
CHILEAN GAAP: |
||||||
BBVA Bilbao Vizcaya |
53.7 | % | 53.0 | % | ||
Banco de Crédito e Inversiones |
50.4 | 47.5 | ||||
Banco de Chile |
51.9 | 48.8 | ||||
Banco Santander-Chile |
37.9 | 34.5 | ||||
Banco Corpbanca |
45.6 | 42.7 | ||||
Financial system average |
49.2 | % | 46.2 | % |
Source: Chilean Superintendency of Banks
(1) | Calculated by dividing operating expense by operating revenue. |
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REGULATION AND SUPERVISION
General
In Chile, only banks may maintain current accounts for their customers, conduct foreign trade operations and, together with non-banking financial institutions, accept time deposits. The principal authorities that regulate financial institutions in Chile are the Chilean Superintendency of Banks and the Central Bank. Chilean banks are primarily subject to the Chilean General Banking Law and secondarily, to the extent not inconsistent with that law, the provisions of the Chilean Corporations Law governing public corporations, except for certain provisions that are expressly excluded.
The modern Chilean banking system dates back to 1925 and has been characterized by periods of substantial regulation and state intervention, as well as periods of deregulation. The most recent period of deregulation commenced in 1975 and culminated in the adoption of a series of amendments to the Chilean General Banking Law. In 2004, amendments to the General Banking Law granted additional powers to banks, including general underwriting powers for new issues of certain debt and equity securities and the power to create subsidiaries to engage in activities related to banking, such as brokerage, investment advisory, mutual fund services, administration of investment funds, factoring, securitization products and financial leasing services. Prior to 2006, banks had the option of distributing less than 30% of their earnings as dividends in any given year, subject to approval of the holders of at least two-thirds of the banks common stock. In 2006, however, the General Banking Law was amended to eliminate this option.
Following the Chilean banking crisis of 1982 and 1983, the Chilean Superintendency of Banks assumed control of banks representing approximately 51% of the total loans in the banking system. As part of the assistance that the Chilean Government provided to Chilean banks, the Central Bank permitted banks to sell to it a certain portion of their problem loan portfolios at the book value of the loan portfolios. Each bank then repurchased such loans at their economic value (which, in most cases, was substantially lower than the book value at which the Central Bank had acquired the loans), with the difference to be repaid to the Central Bank out of future income. Pursuant to Law No. 18,818, which was passed in 1989, this difference was converted into subordinated debt.
The Central Bank
The Central Bank is an autonomous legal entity created by the Chilean Constitution. It is subject to its Ley Orgánica Constitucional, or Organic Constitutional Law, and the Chilean Constitution. To the extent not inconsistent with its Organic Constitutional Law or the Chilean Constitution, the Central Bank is also subject to private sector laws, but is not subject to the laws applicable to the public sector. It is directed and administered by a Board of Directors composed of five members designated by the President of Chile, subject to Senate approval.
The legal purpose of the Central Bank is to maintain the stability of the Chilean peso and the orderly functioning of Chiles internal and external payment systems. The Central Banks powers include setting reserve requirements, regulating the amount of money and credit in circulation, and establishing regulations and guidelines regarding finance companies, foreign exchange (including the Formal Exchange Market) and bank deposit-taking activities.
The Chilean Superintendency of Banks
Banks are supervised and controlled by the Chilean Superintendency of Banks, a Chilean governmental agency. The Chilean Superintendency of Banks authorizes the creation of new banks and has broad powers to interpret and enforce legal and regulatory requirements applicable to banks and financial companies. Furthermore, in cases of noncompliance with its legal and regulatory requirements, the Chilean Superintendency of Banks has the ability to impose sanctions. In extreme cases, it can appoint, with the prior approval of the Board of Directors of the Central Bank, a provisional administrator to manage a bank. It must also approve any amendment to a banks bylaws or any increase in its capital.
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The Chilean Superintendency of Banks examines all banks from time to time, generally at least once a year. Banks are also required to submit unconsolidated unaudited financial statements to the Chilean Superintendency of Banks on a monthly basis and to publish their unaudited financial statements at least four times a year in a newspaper with countrywide coverage. Financial statements as of December 31 of any given year must be audited. In addition, banks are required to provide extensive information regarding their operations at various periodic intervals to the Chilean Superintendency of Banks. A banks annual financial statements and the opinion of its independent auditors must also be submitted to the Chilean Superintendency of Banks.
Any person wishing to acquire, directly or indirectly, 10.0% or more of the share capital of a bank must obtain the prior approval of the Chilean Superintendency of Banks. Without such approval, the holder will not have the right to vote such shares. The Chilean Superintendency of Banks may only refuse to grant its approval based on specific grounds set forth in the Chilean General Banking Law.
According to Article 35 bis of the Chilean General Banking Law, the prior authorization of the Chilean Superintendency of Banks is required for each of the following:
| the merger of two or more banks; |
| the acquisition of all or a substantial portion of a banks assets and liabilities by another bank; |
| the control by the same person, or controlling group, of two or more banks; or |
| a substantial increase in the share ownership of a bank by a controlling shareholder of that bank. |
Such prior authorization is required only when the acquiring bank or the resulting group of banks would own a market share in loans determined by the Chilean Superintendency of Banks to be more than 15.0% of all loans in the Chilean banking system. The intended purchase, merger or expansion may be denied by the Chilean Superintendency of Banks, or, if the acquiring bank or resulting group would own a market share in loans determined to be more than 20.0% of all loans in the Chilean banking system, the purchase, merger, or expansion may be conditioned on one or more of the following:
| that the bank or banks maintain Regulatory Capital higher than 8.0% and up to 14.0% of their risk-weighted assets; |
| that the technical reserve established in article 65 of the General Banking Law be applicable when deposits exceed 1.5 times the resulting banks paid-in capital and reserves; or |
| that the margin for interbanking loans be reduced to 20.0% of the resulting banks Regulatory Capital. |
If the acquiring bank or resulting group would own a market share in loans determined by the Chilean Superintendency of Banks to be more than 15% but less than 20%, the authorization will be conditioned on the bank or banks maintaining Regulatory Capital not lower than 10% of their risk-weighted assets for a period set by the Chilean Superintendency of Banks, which may not be less than one year. The calculation of risk-weighted assets is based on a five-category risk classification system applied to a banks assets that is based on the Basel Committee recommendations.
Pursuant to the regulations of the Chilean Superintendency of Banks, the following ownership disclosures are required:
| banks must disclose to the Chilean Superintendency of Banks the identity of any person owning, directly or indirectly, 5.0% or more of its shares; |
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| holders of ADSs must disclose to the depositary the identity of beneficial owners of ADSs registered under such holders names; |
| the depositary must disclose to the bank the identity of beneficial owners of ADSs which the depositary has registered, and the bank, in turn, must disclose to the Chilean Superintendency of Banks the identity of the beneficial owners of the ADSs representing 5.0% or more of such banks shares; and |
| bank shareholders who individually hold 10.0% or more of a banks capital stock and who are controlling shareholders must periodically inform the Chilean Superintendency of Banks of their financial condition. |
Limitations on Types of Activities
Chilean banks can only conduct those activities allowed by the General Banking Law, including making loans, factoring and leasing activities, accepting deposits and, subject to limitations, making investments and performing financial services. Investments are restricted to real estate for the banks own use, gold, foreign exchange and debt securities. Through subsidiaries, banks may also engage in other specific financial service activities such as securities brokerage services, mutual fund management, investment fund management, foreign capital fund management, financial advisory, securitization and factoring activities. Subject to specific limitations and the prior approval of the Chilean Superintendency of Banks and the Central Bank, Chilean banks may own majority or non-controlling interests in foreign banks.
In March 2002, the Central Bank authorized banks to pay interest on current accounts and the Chilean Superintendency of Banks published guidelines permitting banks to offer and charge fees for the use of a current account product that pays interest. Under these guidelines, these accounts may be subject to a minimum balance and different interest rates depending on average balances held in the account. The Central Bank has imposed additional caps on the interest rate that can be charged by banks with a solvency score of less than A.
In June 2007, the Chilean Government passed Law No. 20,190, which amended various aspects of Chiles capital markets regulatory framework, such as the General Banking Law, Securities, Insurance, Venture Capital and Tax law. Law No. 20,190 is aimed at improving the access to financing for start-up companies and small businesses in order to strengthen confidence in the stock market and to stimulate the development of the financial market in general. The General Banking Law was amended to achieve these ends by, among other things, revising regulations concerning demand deposits, increasing certain credit limits, and redefining the calculations to determine the proper amount for a banks reserves. In addition, the General Banking Law was amended to allow local banks to engage in derivatives such as options, swaps and forwards, thereby eliminating prior existing legal impediments to those practices.
As a consequence of Chiles accession to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Congress introduced new corporate governance regulations in 2009. The Chilean Corporations Law and the Chilean Securities Markets Law were amended such that public companies with capital above 1,500,000 UF and that have at least 12.5% of their voting shares owned by shareholders representing less than 10% of the voting shares are required to have at least one independent director in their Board of Directors. In order to assure the independence of this director, certain requirements were set to protect minority shareholders decisions. In addition, regulation was passed to expand the kind of information that public companies must disclose to the market and to hold a company board of directors liable for the non-compliance with such disclosure obligations.
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Deposit Insurance
According to the Chilean General Banking Law, local or foreign currency denominated deposits at banks or financial companies are insured as described below.
The Chilean Government guarantees up to 100% of the principal amount of the following deposits held by individuals:
| Deposits in current accounts; |
| Deposits in savings accounts; |
| Other demand deposits; and |
| Deposits in savings accounts with unlimited withdrawals. |
In addition, the Chilean Government guarantees up to 90.0% of the principal amount of time deposits held by individuals in the Chilean banking system. This guarantee covers obligations with a maximum value of UF 108 per person (Ch$2,261,831 or U.S.$4,466.22 as of December 31, 2009).
Reserve Requirements
Deposits are subject to a reserve requirement of 9.0% for demand deposits and 3.6% for time deposits (with terms of less than one year). The Central Bank has statutory authority to increase these percentages to as much as 40% for demand deposits and as much as 20% for time deposits, to implement monetary policy.
In addition, Chilean banks must hold a certain amount of assets in cash or highly liquid instruments. This reserve requirement is equal to the amount by which the daily balance of deposits payable on demand, net of clearing, exceeds 2.5 times the amount of the banks Regulatory Capital. Deposits payable on demand include the following:
| deposits in current accounts; |
| other demand deposits or obligations payable on demand and incurred in the ordinary course of business; |
| saving deposits that allow unconditional withdrawals that bear a stated maturity; and |
| other deposits unconditionally payable immediately. |
Chilean regulations also require that (1) gaps between assets and liabilities maturing within less than 30 days do not exceed a banks Basic Capital and (2) gaps between assets and liabilities maturing within less than 90 days do not exceed twice a banks Basic Capital.
Minimum Capital
Under the Chilean General Banking Law, a bank must have a minimum paid-in capital and reserves of UF 800,000 (Ch$16,754 million or U.S.$33.1 million as of December 31, 2009). However, a bank may begin its operations with 50.0% of such amount, provided that it has a Regulatory Capital ratio (defined as Regulatory Capital as a percentage of risk-weighted assets) of not less than 12.0%. When such a banks paid-in capital reaches UF 600,000 (Ch$12,566 million or U.S.$24.8 million as of December 31, 2009), the Regulatory Capital ratio requirement is reduced to 10.0%.
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Capital Adequacy Requirements
According to the General Banking Law, each bank should have Regulatory Capital of at least 8.0% of its risk-weighted assets, net of required allowances.
Banks should also have a Basic Capital of at least 3.0% of their total assets, net of required allowances.
The terms Regulatory Capital and Basic Capital are defined under Presentation of Financial Information at the beginning of this annual report.
Market Risk Regulations
In September 2005, the Chilean Superintendency of Banks introduced new regulations for measuring market risks (e.g., price and liquidity risks). This entity introduced standardized methodologies based on Basel Market Risk Measurement models for measuring and reporting price risks. These methodologies allow local banks to determine interest rate, foreign exchange (FX) and options risks (for FX and interest rate transactions) taken in both their trading and accrual books.
The trading book is composed of portfolios of debt and equity instruments that have a liquid secondary market and therefore their valuation at market prices and the corresponding P&L impact is representative of market conditions. In addition, all derivative transactions and the FX mismatches are also part of the trading book. The accrual book comprises all of the asset and liability balance sheet items that are not part of the trading book.
The regulation provides that the price risk of the trading book plus 8% of the risk-weighted assets (in the case of Banco de Chile, the Chilean Superintendency of Banks decided that, in light of the Banks merger with Citibank Chile, the applicable percentage would be 10%, not 8%.) may not be greater than Regulatory Capital. As of December 31, 2009, the price risk of our trading book totaled Ch$30,197 million.
The following table shows our regulatory risk availability, computed as the difference between the total risk (10% of the risk-weighted assets plus the trading book risk) and our Regulatory Capital, as of December 31, 2009:
As of December 31, 2009 | |||
(in millions of Ch$, except percentage) |
|||
(a) 10% risk-weighted assets |
1,480,130 | ||
(b) Trading price risk |
30,197 | ||
(c = a + b) Total risk |
1,510,327 | ||
(d) Regulatory Capital |
1,879,548 | ||
(e = d - c) Risk Availability |
369,221 | ||
(f = c/d) Risk used as a Percentage of Regulatory Capital |
80.4 | % |
Interest rate risk generated by the accrual book is measured against a self-imposed limit equal to the lesser of 12-month rolling net revenues and Basic Capital of the Bank.
The guidelines for measuring liquidity risk are mainly focused on constructing an expected cash flow analysis for the following 30 and 90 days, broken down by currency. Net outflows may not exceed the value of Basic Capital for the following 30 days or two times the value of Basic Capital for the following 90 days. Subject to the Chilean Superintendency of Banks approval, the cash flow analysis may include behavioral run-off assumptions for some specific liability balance sheets items (demand deposits, time deposits, etc.) and behavioral roll-over assumptions for some asset items of the consolidated statement of financial position data (loans, etc.).
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In June 2006, the Chilean Superintendency of Banks introduced new regulations relating to (a) the valuation process of debt instruments and (b) the measurement and reporting of credit risk generated by derivative transactions.
Prior to June 2006, the Chilean Superintendency of Banks allowed banks to classify debt instruments for accounting and business purposes as either Trading or Held-to-Maturity only. Starting in June 2006, a new alternative classification was added (Available-for-Sale). With these three classifications now in place, the Chilean classification framework is in line with current international standards prevalent in all major financial centers. No changes to the classification system have occurred since June 2006.
Credit risk for derivative transactions, for regulatory purposes, must be measured and reported as:
Derivatives Credit risk = Current Mark-to-Market (if positive) + Credit Risk Factor (%) * Notional Amount
The Current Mark-to-Market (or CMTM) of the transaction, if positive, reflects the amount of money owed by the customer today. In other words, the CMTM represents the amount the customer would pay us if the transaction was unwound today. As we are interested in measuring the amount of money that the customer would owe us at maturity, the potential future value of the transaction is added to the CMTM. This potential is measured as the Credit Risk Factor multiplied by the Notional Amount. The Credit Risk Factor reflects the potential fluctuation (under some specific confidence level) that the market factors involved in the transaction may have in the future until maturity, that positively (or negatively) impact the value (or risk) of the transaction for the bank. The regulator determines the Credit Risk Factor by considering market factors (interest rates, FX rates, equity prices, etc.) and the types of transactions (FX forwards, interest rate swaps, etc.).
Lending Limits
Under the General Banking Law, Chilean banks are subject to certain lending limits, including the following material limits:
| A bank may not extend to any entity or individual, directly or indirectly, unsecured credit in an amount that exceeds 10.0% of the banks Regulatory Capital, or in an amount that exceeds 30.0% of its Regulatory Capital if the excess over 10.0% is secured by certain assets with a value equal to or higher than such excess. |
| In the case of financing infrastructure projects built through the concession mechanism, the 10.0% ceiling for unsecured credits is raised to 15.0% if secured by a pledge over the concession, or if granted by two or more banks or finance companies which have executed a credit agreement with the builder or holder of the concession. |
| A bank may not extend loans to another financial institution subject to the General Banking Law in an aggregate amount exceeding 30.0% of its Regulatory Capital. |
| A bank may not extend to any individual or entity that is, directly or indirectly, related to the ownership or management of the bank, credit under more favorable terms with respect to repayment conditions, interest rates or collateral than those granted to third parties in similar transactions. The aggregate amount of such credits granted to related persons may not exceed 5.0% of the banks Regulatory Capital. The 5.0% unsecured ceiling is raised to 25.0% of the banks Regulatory Capital if the excess over 5.0% is secured by certain assets with a value equal to or higher than such excess. In any case, the aggregate amount of these credits granted by the bank may not exceed the banks Regulatory Capital. |
| A bank may not directly or indirectly grant a loan, the purpose of which is to allow an individual or entity to acquire shares of the lender bank. |
50
| A bank may not lend, directly or indirectly, to a director or any other person who has the power to act on behalf of the bank. |
| A bank may not grant loans to related parties (including holders of more than 1.0% of its shares) on more favorable terms than those generally offered to non-related parties. Loans granted to related parties are subject to the limitations described in the first bullet point above. The aggregate amount of loans to related parties may not exceed a banks Regulatory Capital. |
In addition, the General Banking Law limits the aggregate amount of loans that a bank may grant to its employees to 1.5% of its Regulatory Capital and provides that no individual employee may receive loans in excess of 10.0% of this 1.5% limit. Notwithstanding these limitations, a bank may grant to each of its employees a single residential mortgage loan for personal use once during such employees term of employment.
Classification of Banks
The Chilean Superintendency of Banks regularly examines and evaluates each banks solvency and credit management process, including its compliance with loan classification guidelines. On the basis of this evaluation, it classifies banks into various categories.
Solvency and Management
In accordance with amended regulations of the Chilean Superintendency of Banks effective as of January 1, 2004, banks are classified into categories I through V based upon their solvency and management ratings. This classification is confidential.
Category I: | This category is reserved for financial institutions that have been rated level A in terms of solvency and management. | |
Category II: | This category is reserved for financial institutions that have been rated (1) level A in terms of solvency and level B in terms of management, (2) level B in terms of solvency and level A in terms of management, or (3) level B in terms of solvency and level B in terms of management. | |
Category III: | This category is reserved for financial institutions that have been rated (1) level B in terms of solvency and level B in terms of management for two or more consecutive review periods, (2) level A in terms of solvency and level C in terms of management, or (3) level B in terms of solvency and level C in terms of management. | |
Category IV: | This category is reserved for financial institutions that are rated level A or B in terms of solvency and have been rated level C in terms of management for two or more consecutive review periods. | |
Category V: | This category is reserved for financial institutions that have been rated level C in terms of solvency, irrespective of their rating level of management. |
A banks solvency rating is determined by its Regulatory Capital (after deducting accumulated losses during the financial year) to risk-weighted assets ratio. This ratio is equal to or greater than 10.0% for level A banks, equal to or greater than 8.0% and less than 10.0% for level B banks and less than 8.0% for level C banks.
With respect to a banks management rating, level A banks are those that are not rated as level B or C. Level B banks display some weakness in internal controls, information systems, response to risk, private risk rating or ability to manage contingency scenarios. Level C banks display significant deficiencies in internal controls, information systems, response to risk, private risk rating or ability to manage contingency scenarios.
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Obligations Denominated in Foreign Currencies
Foreign currency denominated obligations of Chilean banks are subject to two requirements:
| a reserve requirement of 9.0% for demand deposits and 3.6% for time deposits. See Reserve Requirements above; and |
| a banks aggregate amount of net foreign currency liabilities having an original maturity of less than 30 days cannot exceed its net capital base, and the aggregate amount of net foreign currency liabilities having an original maturity of less than 90 days cannot exceed twice its net capital base. |
Capital Markets
Under the General Banking Law, banks in Chile may purchase, sell, place, underwrite and act as paying agents with respect to certain debt securities. Likewise, banks in Chile may place and underwrite certain equity securities. Bank subsidiaries may also engage in debt placement and dealing, equity issuance advice and securities brokerage, as well as mutual fund and investment fund administration, factoring, investment advisory services and merger and acquisition services. The Chilean Superintendency of Banks generally regulates these subsidiaries. However, the Chilean Superintendency of Securities and Insurance regulates some of these subsidiaries. The Chilean Superintendency of Securities and Insurance is the regulator of the Chilean securities market and open stock corporations.
Legal Provisions Regarding Banking Institutions with Economic Difficulties
The General Banking Law provides that if specified adverse circumstances exist at any bank, its board of directors must correct the situation within 30 days from the date of receipt of the relevant financial statements. If the board of directors is unable to do so, it must call a special shareholders meeting to increase the capital of the bank by the amount necessary to return the bank to financial stability. If the shareholders reject the capital increase, or if it is not effected within the 30-day period and in the manner agreed to at the meeting, or if the Chilean Superintendency of Banks does not approve the board of directors proposal, the bank will be barred from increasing its loan portfolio beyond that stated in the financial statements presented to the board of directors and from making any further investments in any instrument other than instruments issued by the Central Bank. In such a case, or in the event that a bank is unable to make timely payment in respect of its obligations, or if a bank is under provisional administration of the Chilean Superintendency of Banks, the General Banking Law provides that the bank may receive a two-year term loan from another bank. The terms and conditions of such a loan must be approved by the directors of both banks, as well as by the Chilean Superintendency of Banks, but need not be submitted to the borrowing banks shareholders for their approval. A creditor bank may not grant such interbank loans to an insolvent bank in an amount exceeding 25.0% of the creditor banks Regulatory Capital. The board of directors of a bank that is unable to make timely payment of its obligations must present a reorganization plan to its creditors in order to capitalize the credits, extend their respective terms, forgive debts or take other measures for the payment of the debts. If the board of directors of a bank submits a reorganization plan to its creditors and such arrangement is approved, all subordinated debt issued by the bank, whether or not matured, will be converted by operation of law into common stock in the amount required for the ratio of Regulatory Capital to risk-weighted assets to be no lower than 12.0%. If a bank fails to pay an obligation, it must notify the Chilean Superintendency of Banks, which shall determine if the bank is solvent.
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Dissolution and Liquidation of Banks
The Chilean Superintendency of Banks may establish that a bank should be liquidated for the benefit of its depositors or other creditors when the bank does not have the necessary solvency to continue its operations. In such case, the Chilean Superintendency of Banks must revoke the banks authorization to exist and order its mandatory liquidation, subject to agreement by the Central Bank. The Chilean Superintendency of Banks must also revoke the banks authorization if the reorganization plan of the bank has been rejected twice. The resolution by the Chilean Superintendency of Banks must state the reason for ordering the liquidation and must name a liquidator, unless the Chilean Superintendency of Banks assumes this responsibility. When a liquidation is declared, all current accounts, other demand deposits received in the ordinary course of business, other deposits unconditionally payable immediately or that have a maturity of no more than 30 days, and any other deposits and receipts payable within 10 days of its maturity date, are required to be paid by using the banks existing funds, its deposits with the Central Bank, or its investments in instruments that represent its reserves. If these funds are insufficient to pay these obligations, the liquidator may seize the banks remaining assets, as needed. If necessary, and in specified circumstances, the Central Bank will lend the bank the funds necessary to pay these obligations. Any such loans are preferential to any claims of other creditors of the liquidated bank.
Investments in Foreign Securities
Under current Chilean banking regulations, banks in Chile may grant loans to foreign individuals and entities and invest in certain foreign currency securities. Chilean banks may only invest in equity securities of foreign banks and certain other foreign companies which may be affiliates of the bank or which would support the banks business if such companies were incorporated in Chile. Banks in Chile may also invest in debt securities traded in formal secondary markets. Such debt securities shall qualify as (1) securities issued or guaranteed by foreign sovereign states or their central banks or other foreign or international financial entities, and (2) bonds issued by foreign companies. Such foreign currency securities must have a minimum rating as indicated in the table below:
Rating Agency |
Short Term | Long Term | ||
Moodys |
P2 | Baa3 | ||
Standard and Poors |
A3 | BBB- | ||
Fitch IBCA |
F2 | BBB- |
A Chilean bank may invest in securities having a minimum rating as follows, provided that if the total amount of these investments exceeds 20% (or 30% in certain cases) of the Regulatory Capital of the bank, an allowance of 100% of the excess shall be established by the bank:
Rating Agency |
Short Term | Long Term | ||
Moodys |
P2 | Ba3 | ||
Standard and Poors |
A3 | BB- | ||
Fitch IBCA |
F2 | BB- |
If investments in these securities and certain loans referred to below exceed 70% of the Regulatory Capital of the bank, an allowance for 100% of the excess shall be established, unless the excess, up to 70% of the banks Regulatory Capital, is invested in securities having a minimum rating as follows:
Rating Agency |
Short Term | Long Term | ||
Moodys |
P1 | Aa3 | ||
Standard and Poors |
A-1+ | AA- | ||
Fitch IBCA |
F1+ | AA- |
Subject to specific conditions, a bank may grant loans in dollars to subsidiaries or branches of Chilean companies located abroad, to companies listed on foreign stock exchanges located in countries with an international risk rating not less than BB- or its equivalent and, in general, to individuals and entities residing or domiciled abroad.
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In the event that the sum of the investments of a bank in foreign currency and the commercial and foreign trade loans granted to foreign individuals and entities exceeds 70.0% of the Regulatory Capital of such bank, the excess is subject to a mandatory reserve of 100.0%.
Procedures for the Management of Information of Interest to the Market
In order to ensure compliance with the provisions of the Chilean Securities Market Law and regulations, issued by the Chilean Superintendency of Securities and Insurance and the Chilean Superintendency of Banks, the Board of Directors of Banco de Chile approved, on October 24, 2008, the Manual for the Management of Information of Interest to the Market (the Manual).
The Manuals main objective is to provide timely disclosure of Banco de Chiles policies and internal regulations in connection with the disclosure of information to the public and the systems that have been implemented at the Bank.
In addition, these policies and internal regulations establish codes of conduct that Banco de Chiles employees and other persons with access to certain information must comply with in order to protect information related to the Bank.
The Manual is available to the general public on Banco de Chiles web page at www.bancochile.cl.
Prevention of Money Laundering and the Financing of Terrorism
On March 6, 2006, the Chilean Superintendency of Banks issued regulations governing the requirements applicable to banks with respect to prevention of money laundering and terrorism financing. The regulations are aimed at incorporating international anti-money laundering (AML) and terrorism financing laws to the Chilean banking industry. Pursuant to the regulations, the Chilean Superintendency of Banks requires that banks implement an Anti-Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing system based mainly on the know your customer concept. Moreover, these policies and procedures must be approved by the board of directors and must take into account the volume and complexity of its operations and other related parties.
Based on these requirements, a Customer Identification Program (as part of the Anti-Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing) is needed to enable the Bank to reestablish the reasonable belief that it knows the true identity of its customers. In general, the program includes:
| properly identifying customers, including their background, source and amount of funds, country of origin and other risk factors; |
| identifying what the Chilean Superintendency of Banks has defined as persons politically exposed at the international level, or PEPs, both within Chile and internationally; |
| establishing procedures to open accounts and products, with different documentation requirements needed for different types of accounts and products. |
The Anti-Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing system required by local regulations must also include the following components:
| AML policies and procedures aimed at preventing the Bank from being used as an intermediary to carry out money laundering operations; |
| Creation of a Compliance Officer on a senior management level who is responsible for coordinating and monitoring day-to-day AML compliance; |
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| Establishment of an AML Committee, whose main function is planning and coordinating the fulfillment of AML policies and procedures. Our AML Committee gathers on a monthly basis and its membership includes the Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, Legal Counsel, Operations and Technology Manager, CEO of Banchile Administradora General de Fondos S.A., the Risk Control Manager and the Global Compliance Head. In addition, we have also established a Transaction Analysis Committee, whose purpose is to analyze suspicious transactions, determine continuity of business with such clients and report these matters to the Financial Analysis Unit; |
| Use of software tools to detect, monitor and report unusual operations related to transactions made by customers on different products; |
| Implementation of personnel selection policies and a training program, in order to prevent money laundering issues; |
| Establishment of a Code of Conduct, in order to, among other things, guide employee behavior and prevent possible conflicts of interest; and |
| Independent testing in the Compliance area, which must be conducted by the Banks Internal Audit Department. |
55
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
The following diagram presents our current corporate structure, including our subsidiaries and their respective ownership interests:
With the exception of Banchile Trade Services Limited, which was incorporated in Hong Kong, all of the subsidiaries presented above have their jurisdiction of incorporation in the Republic of Chile.
PROPERTY, PLANTS AND EQUIPMENT
We are domiciled in Chile and own the building located at Paseo Ahumada 251, Santiago, Chile, that is approximately 77,500 square meters and serves as the headquarters for the Bank and its subsidiaries. In addition, we own an approximately 15,600 square meter building located at Huerfanos 740, Santiago, Chile where the remainder of our executive offices are located. As of December 31, 2009, we owned the properties on which 165 of our full-service branches and other points of sale are located (approximately 129,110 square meters of office space). As of December 31, 2009, we had leased office space for our remaining 235 full-service branches and other points of sale, as well as for our representative offices. We also own properties throughout Chile for back office and administrative operations, as well as for storage of documents and other purposes. We believe that our facilities are adequate for our present needs and suitable for their intended purposes.
We also own approximately 133,500 square meters in mainly recreational physical facilities in Chile, which we use to assist our employees in maintaining a healthy work and life balance and which we use for incentive and integration activities.
For a description of the effects of the massive earthquake on our assets, see Principal Business ActivitiesDistribution Channels and Electronic BankingEffects of Massive Earthquake on our Assets above.
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SELECTED STATISTICAL INFORMATION
The following information is included for analytical purposes and should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements as well as Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.
Average Balance Sheets, Interest Earned on Interest Earning Assets and Interest Paid on Interest Bearing Liabilities
The average balances for interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities, including interest and readjustments received and paid, have been calculated on the basis of our daily balances and on the basis of monthly balances for our subsidiaries. These average balances are presented in Chilean pesos (Ch$), in UF and in foreign currencies (principally the U.S. dollar). The UF is an inflation-indexed Chilean monetary unit of account with a value in Chilean pesos which is linked to, and which is adjusted daily to reflect changes in, the Consumer Price Index of the Chilean National Institute of Statistics.
The nominal interest rate has been calculated by dividing the amount of interest and principal readjustment gain or loss during the period by the related average balance, both amounts expressed in constant pesos. The nominal rates calculated for each period have been converted into real rates using the following formulas:
and
|
Where:
Rp = real average rate for peso-denominated assets and liabilities (in Ch$ and UF) for the period;
Rd = real average rate for foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities for the period;
Np = nominal average rate for peso-denominated assets and liabilities for the period;
Nd = nominal average rate for foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities for the period;
D = devaluation rate of the Chilean peso to the dollar for the period; and
I = inflation rate in Chile for the period (based on the variation of the Consumer Price Index).
The real interest rate can be negative for a portfolio of peso-denominated loans when the inflation rate for the period is higher than the average nominal rate of the loan portfolio for the same period. A similar effect could occur for a portfolio of foreign currency denominated loans when the inflation rate for the period is higher than the combined effect of the devaluation rate for the period and the corresponding average nominal rate of the portfolio.
The formula for the average real rate for foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities (Rd) reflects a gain or loss in purchasing power caused by the difference between the devaluation rate of the Chilean peso and the inflation rate in Chile during the period.
57
The following example illustrates the calculation of the real interest rate for a U.S. dollar asset bearing a nominal annual interest rate of 10% (Nd = 0.10), assuming a 5% annual devaluation rate (D = 0.05) and a 12% annual inflation rate (I = 0.12):
In the example, since the inflation rate was higher than the devaluation rate, the real rate is lower than the nominal rate in dollars. If, for example, the annual devaluation rate were 15%, using the same numbers, the real rate in Chilean pesos would be 12.9%, which is higher than the nominal rate in dollars. Using the same numbers, if the annual inflation rate were greater than 15.5%, the real rate would be negative.
Included in cash and due from banks are current accounts maintained in the Central Bank and overseas banks. Such assets have a distorting effect on the average interest rate earned on total interest earning assets because of balances maintained in:
| the Central Bank, only the portion that is legally required to be held for liquidity purposes earns interest; and |
| overseas banks earn interest on certain accounts in certain countries. |
Consequently, the average interest earned on such assets is comparatively low. These deposits are maintained by us in these accounts to comply with statutory requirements and to facilitate international business, rather than to earn income.
The monetary gain or loss on interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities is not included as a component of interest revenue or interest expense because inflation effects are taken into account in the calculation of real interest rates.
58
The following tables set forth, by currency of denomination, average balances and, where applicable, interest amounts and nominal and real rates for our assets and liabilities under IFRS for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2009:
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
2008 | 2009 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Average balance |
Interest earned(1) |
Average nominal rate |
Average real rate |
Average balance |
Interest earned(1) |
Average nominal rate |
Average real rate |
|||||||||||||||||
(in millions of Ch$, except percentages) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
IFRS: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Assets |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest earning assets |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and due from banks |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ch$ |
Ch$ | 411,600 | Ch$ | 391 | 0.09 | % | (6.91 | %) | Ch$ | 462,300 | Ch$ | 17 | | 1.40 | % | |||||||||
UF |
| | | | | | | | ||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency |
380,921 | 2,997 | 0.79 | 18.92 | 352,163 | 173 | 0.05 | (18.33 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Total |
792,521 | 3,388 | 0.43 | 5.50 | 814,463 | 190 | 0.02 | (7.13 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Financial investments |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ch$ |
853,423 | 62,619 | 7.34 | (0.18 | ) | 816,111 | 28,762 | 3.52 | 4.97 | |||||||||||||||
UF |
322,485 | 36,753 | 11.40 | 3.60 | 619,451 | 6,086 | 0.98 | 2.40 | ||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency |
203,955 | 5,053 | 2.48 | 20.92 | 192,708 | 7,408 | 3.84 | (15.24 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Total |
1,379,863 | 104,425 | 7.57 | 3.82 | 1,628,270 | 42,256 | 2.60 | 1.60 | ||||||||||||||||
Loans in advance to banks |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ch$ |
158,643 | 15,342 | 9.67 | 1.99 | 204,703 | 5,479 | 2.68 | 4.11 | ||||||||||||||||
UF |
| | | | | | | | ||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency |
| | | | | | | | ||||||||||||||||
Total |
158,643 | 15,342 | 9.67 | 1.99 | 204,703 | 5,479 | 2.68 | 4.11 | ||||||||||||||||
Commercial loans |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ch$ |
3,399,586 | 321,859 | 9.47 | 1.80 | 3,758,821 | 275,631 | 7.33 | 8.83 | ||||||||||||||||
UF |
3,544,228 | 481,192 | 13.58 | 5.62 | 3,239,648 | 76,109 | 2.35 | 3.78 | ||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency |
1,662,610 | 92,525 | 5.57 | 24.56 | 1,540,276 | 64,139 | 4.16 | (14.97 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Total |
8,606,424 | 895,576 | 10.41 | 7.77 | 8,538,745 | 415,879 | 4.87 | 2.62 | ||||||||||||||||
Consumer loans |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ch$ |
1,814,183 | 372,977 | 20.56 | 12.12 | 1,831,744 | 378,004 | 20.64 | 22.32 | ||||||||||||||||
UF |
34,337 | 5,573 | 16.23 | 8.09 | 40,354 | 1,627 | 4.03 | 5.49 | ||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency |
| | | | | | | | ||||||||||||||||
Total |
1,848,520 | 378,550 | 20.48 | 12.04 | 1,872,098 | 379,631 | 20.28 | 21.96 | ||||||||||||||||
Residential mortgage loans |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ch$ |
| | | | | | | | ||||||||||||||||
UF |
2,167,810 | 301,013 | 13.89 | 5.91 | 2,359,746 | 57,351 | 2.43 | 3.86 | ||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency |
| | | | | | | | ||||||||||||||||
Total |
2,167,810 | 301,013 | 13.89 | 5.91 | 2,359,746 | 57,351 | 2.43 | 3.86 | ||||||||||||||||
Repurchase agreement |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ch$ |
49,418 | 4,639 | 9.39 | 1.73 | 13,799 | 1,193 | 8.65 | 10.17 | ||||||||||||||||
UF |
| | | | 28,331 | | | | ||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency |
2,668 | 27 | 1.01 | 19.19 | 625 | | | | ||||||||||||||||
Total |
52,086 | 4,666 | 8.96 | 2.62 | 42,755 | 1,193 | 2.79 | 3.28 | ||||||||||||||||
Total interest earnings assets |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ch$ |
6,686,853 | 777,827 | 11.63 | 3.81 | 7,087,478 | 689,086 | 9.72 | 11.26 | ||||||||||||||||
UF |
6,068,860 | 824,531 | 13.59 | 5.63 | 6,287,530 | 141,173 | 2.25 | 3.68 | ||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency |
2,250,154 | 100,602 | 4.47 | 23.27 | 2,085,772 | 71,720 | 3.44 | (15.57 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Total |
Ch$ | 15,005,867 | Ch$ | 1,702,960 | 11.35 | % | 7.47 | % | Ch$ | 15,460,780 | Ch$ | 901,979 | 5.83 | % | 4.56 | % | ||||||||
(1) | Interest earned includes interest accrued on trading securities. |
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Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
2008 | 2009 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Average balance |
Interest earned(1) |
Average nominal rate |
Average real rate |
Average balance |
Interest earned(1) |
Average nominal rate |
Average real rate | |||||||||||||||
(in millions of Ch$, except percentages) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
IFRS: |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Assets |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-interest earning assets |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Transaction in the course of collection |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Ch$ |
Ch$ | 287,211 | Ch$ | | | | Ch$ | 234,486 | Ch$ | | | | ||||||||||
UF |
| | | | 9 | | | | ||||||||||||||
Foreign currency |
223,668 | | | | 149,347 | | | | ||||||||||||||
Total |
510,879 | | | | 383,842 | | | | ||||||||||||||
Allowances for loan losses |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Ch$ |
(168,266 | ) | | | | (260,879 | ) | | | | ||||||||||||
UF |
| | | | | | | | ||||||||||||||
Foreign currency |
| | | | | | | | ||||||||||||||
Total |
(168,266 | ) | | | | (260,879 | ) | | | | ||||||||||||
Derivatives |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Ch$ |
692,853 | | | | 604,845 | | | | ||||||||||||||
UF |
4 | | | | | | | | ||||||||||||||
Foreign currency |
62,310 | | | | 43,429 | | | | ||||||||||||||
Total |
755,167 | | | | 648,274 | | | | ||||||||||||||
Investment in other companies |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Ch$ |
11,350 | | | | 9,024 | | | | ||||||||||||||
UF |
| | | | | | | | ||||||||||||||
Foreign currency |
2 | | | | 2 | | | | ||||||||||||||
Total |
11,352 | | | | 9,026 | | | | ||||||||||||||
Intangible assets |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Ch$ |
92,474 | | | | 89,144 | | | | ||||||||||||||
UF |
| | | | | | | | ||||||||||||||
Foreign currency |
| | | | | | | | ||||||||||||||
Total |
92,474 | | | | 89,144 | | | | ||||||||||||||
Fixed assets |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Ch$ |
214,320 | | | | 210,711 | | | | ||||||||||||||
UF |
| | | | | | | | ||||||||||||||
Foreign currency |
| | | | | | | | ||||||||||||||
Total |
214,320 | | | | 210,711 | | | | ||||||||||||||
Current tax assets |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Ch$ |
4,426 | | | | 1,185 | | | | ||||||||||||||
UF |
| | | | | | | | ||||||||||||||
Foreign currency |
| | | | | | | | ||||||||||||||
Total |
4,426 | | | | 1,185 | | | | ||||||||||||||
Deferred tax assets |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Ch$ |
54,299 | | | | 62,627 | | | | ||||||||||||||
UF |
| | | | | | | | ||||||||||||||
Foreign currency |
| | | | | | | | ||||||||||||||
Total |
54,299 | | | | 62,627 | | | | ||||||||||||||
Other assets |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Ch$ |
154,356 | | | | 84,941 | | | | ||||||||||||||
UF |
38,847 | | | | 579,991 | | | | ||||||||||||||
Foreign currency |
39,908 | | | | 12,650 | | | | ||||||||||||||
Total |
233,111 | | | | 677,582 | | | | ||||||||||||||
Total non-interest earning assets |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Ch$ |
1,343,023 | | | | 1,036,084 | | | | ||||||||||||||
UF |
38,851 | | | | 580,000 | | | | ||||||||||||||
Foreign currency |
325,888 | | | | 205,428 | | | | ||||||||||||||
Total |
Ch$ | 1,707,762 | | | | Ch$ | 1,821,512 | | | | ||||||||||||
Total assets |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Ch$ |
8,029,876 | 777,827 | | | 8,123,562 | 689,086 | | | ||||||||||||||
UF |
6,107,711 | 824,531 | | | 6,867,530 | 141,173 | | | ||||||||||||||
Foreign currency |
2,576,042 | 100,602 | | | 2,291,200 | 71,720 | | | ||||||||||||||
Total |
Ch$ | 16,713,629 | Ch$ | 1,702,960 | | | Ch$ | 17,282,292 | Ch$ | 901,979 | | | ||||||||||
(1) | Interest earned includes interest accrued on trading securities. |
60
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
2008 | 2009 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Average balance |
Interest paid |
Average nominal rate |
Average real rate |
Average balance |
Interest paid |
Average nominal rate |
Average real rate |
|||||||||||||||||
(in millions of Ch$, except percentages) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
IFRS: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Liabilities |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest bearing liabilities |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Savings accounts |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ch$ |
Ch$ | 4,088,010 | Ch$ | 308,631 | 7.55 | % | 0.02 | % | Ch$ | 3,919,286 | Ch$ | 140,615 | 3.59 | % | 5.04 | % | ||||||||
UF |
2,316,179 | 256,992 | 11.10 | 3.32 | 2,434,064 | 7,475 | 0.31 | 1.71 | ||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency |
1,190,174 | 44,533 | 3.74 | 22.41 | 1,214,967 | 20,711 | 1.70 | (16.98 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Total |
7,594,363 | 610,156 | 8.03 | 4.53 | 7,568,317 | 168,801 | 2.23 | 0.43 | ||||||||||||||||
Repurchase agreements |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ch$ |
399,459 | 26,013 | 6.51 | (0.95 | ) | 239,295 | 5,535 | 2.31 | 3.74 | |||||||||||||||
UF |
2,914 | 56 | 1.92 | (5.22 | ) | 31,354 | 725 | 2.31 | 3.74 | |||||||||||||||
Foreign currency |
36,972 | 2,404 | 6.50 | 25.67 | 4,409 | 99 | 2.25 | (16.54 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Total |
439,345 | 28,473 | 6.48 | 1.26 | 275,058 | 6,359 | 2.31 | 3.42 | ||||||||||||||||
Borrowings from financial institutions |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ch$ |
53,180 | 4,035 | 7.59 | 0.05 | 67,314 | 2,479 | 3.68 | 5.13 | ||||||||||||||||
UF |
11,672 | 43 | 0.37 | (6.66 | ) | 2,972 | 1 | 0.03 | 1.43 | |||||||||||||||
Foreign currency |
1,158,841 | 240 | 0.02 | 18.02 | 1,126,865 | 23 | | (18.37 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Total |
1,223,693 | 4,318 | 0.35 | 17.00 | 1,197,151 | 2,503 | 0.21 | (17.00 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Debt issued |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ch$ |
35,901 | 3,204 | 8.92 | 1.30 | 17,885 | 1,264 | 7.07 | 8.57 | ||||||||||||||||
UF |
1,578,506 | 216,361 | 13.71 | 5.74 | 1,565,522 | 26,032 | 1.66 | 3.09 | ||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency |
116,589 | 6,617 | 5.68 | 24.69 | 130,222 | 4,942 | 3.80 | (15.28 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Total |
1,730,996 | 226,182 | 13.07 | 6.93 | 1,713,629 | 32,238 | 1.88 | 1.75 | ||||||||||||||||
Other financial obligations |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ch$ |
29,578 | 400 | 1.35 | (5.75 | ) | 41,019 | 848 | 2.07 | 3.50 | |||||||||||||||
UF |
5,477 | 1,239 | 22.62 | 14.04 | 12,242 | | | | ||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency |
60,147 | 22,313 | 37.10 | 61.77 | 48,738 | 21,279 | 43.66 | 17.26 | ||||||||||||||||
Total |
95,202 | 23,952 | 25.16 | 38.05 | 101,999 | 22,127 | 21.69 | 9.66 | ||||||||||||||||
Total interest bearing liabilities |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ch$ |
4,606,128 | 342,283 | 7.43 | (0.09 | ) | 4,284,799 | 150,741 | 3.52 | 4.97 | |||||||||||||||
UF |
3,914,748 | 474,691 | 12.13 | 4.27 | 4,046,154 | 34,233 | 0.85 | 2.26 | ||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency |
2,562,723 | 76,107 | 2.97 | 21.50 | 2,525,201 | 47,054 | 1.86 | (16.85 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Total |
Ch$ | 11,083,599 | Ch$ | 893,081 | 8.06 | % | 6.44 | % | Ch$ | 10,856,154 | Ch$ | 232,028 | 2.14 | % | (1.12 | %) | ||||||||
61
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
2008 | 2009 | |||||||||||||||||||
Average balance |
Interest paid |
Average nominal rate |
Average real rate |
Average balance |
Interest paid |
Average nominal rate |
Average real rate | |||||||||||||
(in millions of Ch$, except percentages) | ||||||||||||||||||||
IFRS: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Liabilities Noninterest bearing liabilities |
||||||||||||||||||||
Current account and demand deposit |
||||||||||||||||||||
Ch$ |
Ch$ | 2,348,316 | Ch$ | | | | Ch$ | 2,665,304 | Ch$ | | | | ||||||||
UF |
11,416 | | | | 13,117 | | | | ||||||||||||
Foreign currency |
343,295 | | | | 454,883 | | | | ||||||||||||
Total |
2,703,027 | | | | 3,133,304 | | | | ||||||||||||
Transaction in the course of payment |
||||||||||||||||||||
Ch$ |
166,951 | | | | 132,821 | | | | ||||||||||||
UF |
| | | | | | | | ||||||||||||
Foreign currency |
178,560 | | | | 133,966 | | | | ||||||||||||
Total |
345,511 | | | | 266,787 | | | | ||||||||||||
Derivatives |
||||||||||||||||||||
Ch$ |
695,031 | | | | 610,155 | | | | ||||||||||||
UF |
2,903 | | | | | | | | ||||||||||||
Foreign currency |
51,962 | | | | 61,940 | | | | ||||||||||||
Total |
749,896 | | | | 672,095 | | | | ||||||||||||
Current liabilities |
||||||||||||||||||||
Ch$ |
11,624 | | | | 15,401 | | | | ||||||||||||
UF |
| | | | | | | | ||||||||||||
Foreign currency |
| | | | | | | | ||||||||||||
Total |
11,624 | | | | 15,401 | | | | ||||||||||||
Deferred tax liabilities |
||||||||||||||||||||
Ch$ |
42,928 | | | | 37,291 | | | | ||||||||||||
UF |
| | | | | | | | ||||||||||||
Foreign currency |
| | | | | | | | ||||||||||||
Total |
42,928 | | | | 37,291 | | | | ||||||||||||