Document

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the quarterly period ended
Commission file
June 30, 2016
number 1-5805

JPMorgan Chase & Co.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
13-2624428
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. employer
identification no.)
 
 
270 Park Avenue, New York, New York
10017
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)
 
 
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (212) 270-6000

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
x  Yes
o No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
x  Yes
o No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer x
Accelerated filer o
 
 
Non-accelerated filer (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)  o
Smaller reporting company o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
o  Yes
x  No
 
Number of shares of common stock outstanding as of June 30, 2016: 3,611,982,360
 



FORM 10-Q
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Item 1.
 
 
 
 
81
 
82
 
83
 
84
 
85
 
86
 
166
 
167
 
169
Item 2.
 
 
3
 
4
 
5
 
8
 
12
 
14
 
15
 
16
 
18
 
40
 
41
 
58
 
62
 
63
 
70
 
75
 
76
 
78
 
80
Item 3.
177
Item 4.
177
 
Item 1.
177
Item 1A.
177
Item 2.
177
Item 3.
178
Item 4.
178
Item 5.
178
Item 6.
178

2



JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Consolidated financial highlights
(unaudited)
As of or for the period ended,
(in millions, except share, ratio, headcount data and where otherwise noted)
 
 
 
 
 
Six months ended
June 30,
2Q16
1Q16
4Q15
3Q15
2Q15
2016
2015
Selected income statement data
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total net revenue
$
24,380

$
23,239

$
22,885

$
22,780

$
23,812

$
47,619

$
47,878

Total noninterest expense
13,638

13,837

14,263

15,368

14,500

27,475

29,383

Pre-provision profit
10,742

9,402

8,622

7,412

9,312

20,144

18,495

Provision for credit losses
1,402

1,824

1,251

682

935

3,226

1,894

Income before income tax expense
9,340

7,578

7,371

6,730

8,377

16,918

16,601

Income tax expense/(benefit)
3,140

2,058

1,937

(74
)
2,087

5,198

4,397

Net income
$
6,200

$
5,520

$
5,434

$
6,804

$
6,290

$
11,720

$
12,204

Earnings per share data
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income: Basic
$
1.56

$
1.36

$
1.34

$
1.70

$
1.56

$
2.92

$
3.02

 Diluted
1.55

1.35

1.32

1.68

1.54

2.89

2.99

Average shares: Basic
3,635.8

3,669.9

3,674.2

3,694.4

3,707.8

3,652.9

3,716.6

 Diluted
3,666.5

3,696.9

3,704.6

3,725.6

3,743.6

3,681.7

3,750.5

Market and per common share data
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Market capitalization
224,449

216,547

241,899

224,438

250,581

224,449

250,581

Common shares at period-end
3,612.0

3,656.7

3,663.5

3,681.1

3,698.1

3,612.0

3,698.1

Share price(a):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
High
$
66.20

$
64.13

$
69.03

$
70.61

$
69.82

$
66.20

$
69.82

Low
57.05

52.50

58.53

50.07

59.65

52.50

54.27

Close
62.14

59.22

66.03

60.97

67.76

62.14

67.76

Book value per share
62.67

61.28

60.46

59.67

58.49

62.67

58.49

Tangible book value per share (“TBVPS”)(b)
50.21

48.96

48.13

47.36

46.13

50.21

46.13

Cash dividends declared per share
0.48

0.44

0.44

0.44

0.44

0.92

0.84

Selected ratios and metrics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on common equity (“ROE”)
10
%
9
%
9
%
12
%
11
%
10
%
11
%
Return on tangible common equity (“ROTCE”)(b)
13

12

11

15

14

12

14

Return on assets (“ROA”)
1.02

0.93

0.90

1.11

1.01

0.97

0.97

Overhead ratio
56

60

62

67

61

58

61

Loans-to-deposits ratio
66

64

65

64

61

66

61

High quality liquid assets (“HQLA”) (in billions)(c)
$
516

$
505

$
496

$
505

$
532

$
516

$
532

Common equity Tier 1 (“CET1”) capital ratio(d)
12.0%

11.9
%
11.8%

11.5
%
11.2
%
12.0
%
11.2
%
Tier 1 capital ratio(d)
13.6

13.5

13.5

13.3

12.8

13.6

12.8

Total capital ratio(d)
15.2

15.1

15.1

14.9

14.4

15.2

14.4

Tier 1 leverage ratio(d)
8.5

8.6

8.5

8.4

8.0

8.5

8.0

Selected balance sheet data (period-end)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trading assets
$
380,793

$
366,153

$
343,839

$
361,708

$
377,870

$
380,793

$
377,870

Securities
278,610

285,323

290,827

306,660

317,795

278,610

317,795

Loans
872,804

847,313

837,299

809,457

791,247

872,804

791,247

Core loans
775,813

746,196

732,093

698,988

674,767

775,813

674,767

Average core loans
760,721

737,297

715,282

680,224

654,551

749,009

643,315

Total assets
2,466,096

2,423,808

2,351,698

2,416,635

2,449,098

2,466,096

2,449,098

Deposits
1,330,958

1,321,816

1,279,715

1,273,106

1,287,332

1,330,958

1,287,332

Long-term debt(e)
295,627

290,754

288,651

292,503

286,240

295,627

286,240

Common stockholders’ equity
226,355

224,089

221,505

219,660

216,287

226,355

216,287

Total stockholders’ equity
252,423

250,157

247,573

245,728

241,205

252,423

241,205

Headcount
240,046

237,420

234,598

235,678

237,459

240,046

237,459

Credit quality metrics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for credit losses
$
15,187

$
15,008

$
14,341

$
14,201

$
14,535

$
15,187

$
14,535

Allowance for loan losses to total retained loans
1.64%

1.66%

1.63%

1.67%

1.78%

1.64%

1.78%

Allowance for loan losses to retained loans excluding purchased credit-impaired loans(f)
1.40

1.40

1.37

1.40

1.45

1.40

1.45

Nonperforming assets
$
7,757

$
8,023

$
7,034

$
7,294

$
7,588

$
7,757

$
7,588

Net charge-offs
1,181

1,110

1,064

963

1,007

2,291

2,059

Net charge-off rate
0.56%

0.53%

0.52%

0.49%

0.53%

0.54%

0.55%

Note: Effective January 1, 2016, the Firm adopted new accounting guidance related to (1) the recognition and measurement of debit valuation adjustments (“DVA”) on financial liabilities where the fair value option has been elected, and (2) the accounting for employee stock-based incentive payments. For additional information, see Accounting and Reporting Developments on pages 78–79 and Notes 3, 4, and 19.
(a)
Share prices shown for JPMorgan Chase’s common stock are from the New York Stock Exchange.
(b)
TBVPS and ROTCE are considered key financial performance measures. For further discussion of these measures, see Explanation and Reconciliation of the Firm’s Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Key Financial Performance Measures on pages 16–17.
(c)
HQLA represents the amount of assets that qualify for inclusion in the liquidity coverage ratio under the final U.S. rule (“U.S. LCR”). For additional information, see HQLA on page 70.
(d)
Ratios presented are calculated under the Basel III Transitional capital rules and represent the Collins Floor. See Capital Management on pages 63–69 for additional information on Basel III.
(e)
Included unsecured long-term debt of $220.6 billion, $216.1 billion, $211.8 billion, $214.6 billion and $209.1 billion at June 30, 2016, March 31, 2016, December 31, 2015, September 30, 2015 and June 30, 2015, respectively.
(f)
Excluded the impact of residential real estate purchased credit-impaired (“PCI”) loans, a non-GAAP financial measure. For further discussion of these measures, see Explanation and Reconciliation of the Firm’s Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Key Performance Measures on pages 16–17. For further discussion, see Allowance for credit losses on pages 55–57.

3


INTRODUCTION
The following is management’s discussion and analysis (“MD&A”) of the financial condition and results of operations of JPMorgan Chase & Co. (“JPMorgan Chase” or the “Firm”) for the second quarter of 2016.
This Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with JPMorgan Chase’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“2015 Annual Report or 2015 Form 10-K”), to which reference is hereby made. See the Glossary of terms and acronyms on pages 169–176 for definitions of terms and acronyms used throughout this Form 10-Q.
The MD&A included in this Form 10-Q contains statements that are forward-looking within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are based on the current beliefs and expectations of JPMorgan Chase’s management and are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. For a discussion of certain of those risks and uncertainties and the factors that could cause JPMorgan Chase’s actual results to differ materially because of those risks and uncertainties, see Forward-looking Statements on page 80 of this Form 10-Q and Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors, on pages 8–18 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
JPMorgan Chase & Co., a financial holding company incorporated under Delaware law in 1968, is a leading global financial services firm and one of the largest banking institutions in the United States of America (U.S.), with operations worldwide; the Firm had $2.5 trillion in assets and $252.4 billion in stockholders’ equity as of June 30, 2016. The Firm is a leader in investment banking, financial
 
services for consumers and small businesses, commercial banking, financial transaction processing and asset management. Under the J.P. Morgan and Chase brands, the Firm serves millions of customers in the U.S. and many of the world’s most prominent corporate, institutional and government clients.
JPMorgan Chase’s principal bank subsidiaries are JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association (JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.), a national banking association with U.S. branches in 23 states, and Chase Bank USA, National Association (Chase Bank USA, N.A.), a national banking association that is the Firm’s credit card-issuing bank. JPMorgan Chase’s principal nonbank subsidiary is JPMorgan Securities LLC (JPMorgan Securities), the Firm’s U.S. investment banking firm. The bank and nonbank subsidiaries of JPMorgan Chase operate nationally as well as through overseas branches and subsidiaries, representative offices and subsidiary foreign banks. One of the Firm’s principal operating subsidiaries in the United Kingdom (U.K.) is J.P. Morgan Securities plc, a subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
For management reporting purposes, the Firm’s activities are organized into four major reportable business segments, as well as a Corporate segment. The Firm’s consumer business is the Consumer & Community Banking (CCB) segment. The Firm’s wholesale business segments are Corporate & Investment Bank (CIB), Commercial Banking (CB), and Asset Management (AM). For a description of the Firm’s business segments, and the products and services they provide to their respective client bases, refer to Note 33 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.





4


EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW
This executive overview of the MD&A highlights selected information and may not contain all of the information that is important to readers of this Form 10-Q. For a complete description of the trends and uncertainties, as well as the risks and critical accounting estimates affecting the Firm and its various lines of business, this Form 10-Q should be read in its entirety.
Financial performance of JPMorgan Chase
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(unaudited)
As of or for the period ended,
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except per share data and ratios)
2016
 
2015
 
Change
 
2016
 
2015
 
Change
Selected income statement data
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total net revenue
$
24,380

 
$
23,812

 
2
 %
 
$
47,619

 
$
47,878

 
(1)%

Total noninterest expense
13,638

 
14,500

 
(6
)
 
27,475

 
29,383

 
(6
)
Pre-provision profit
10,742

 
9,312

 
15

 
20,144

 
18,495

 
9

Provision for credit losses
1,402

 
935

 
50

 
3,226

 
1,894

 
70

Net income
6,200

 
6,290

 
(1
)
 
11,720

 
12,204

 
(4
)
Diluted earnings per share
$
1.55

 
$
1.54

 
1
 %
 
$
2.89

 
$
2.99

 
(3
)%
Return on common equity
10
%
 
11
%
 
 
 
10
%
 
11
%
 
 
Capital ratios(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CET1
12.0

 
11.2

 
 
 
12.0

 
11.2

 
 
Tier 1 capital
13.6

 
12.8

 
 
 
13.6

 
12.8

 
 
(a)
Ratios presented are calculated under the transitional Basel III rules and represent the Collins Floor. See Capital Management on pages 63–69 for additional information on Basel III.
Business Overview
JPMorgan Chase reported second-quarter 2016 net income of $6.2 billion, or $1.55 per share, on net revenue of $24.4 billion. Net income was relatively flat compared with the second quarter of 2015. The Firm reported a ROE of 10% and a ROTCE of 13%.
Total net revenue was $24.4 billion, up 2% compared with the prior year. Net interest income increased primarily driven by loan growth across businesses and the impact of higher rates, partially offset by lower investment securities balances. Noninterest revenue of $13.0 billion was flat, with an increase in CIB Markets revenue offset by lower revenue in AM, lower CIB Investment Banking revenue and the impact of renegotiated Card co-brand partnership agreements.
Noninterest expense was $13.6 billion, down 6% compared with the prior year, driven by a net legal benefit in the current quarter and continued expense reduction initiatives.
The provision for credit losses was $1.4 billion, up from $935 million, reflecting an increase in the allowance for credit losses in the current quarter versus decreases in the allowance for credit losses in the prior-year quarter. The current quarter reflected higher net charge-offs in wholesale, primarily driven by the Oil & Gas and Metals & Mining portfolios.
The total allowance for credit losses was $15.2 billion at June 30, 2016. At the end of the second quarter of 2016, the Firm had a loan loss coverage ratio, excluding the PCI portfolio, of 1.40%, compared with 1.45% in the prior-year quarter. The Firm’s allowance for loan losses to retained nonaccrual loans, excluding the PCI and credit card portfolios, was 110%, compared with 109% in the prior-year quarter. The Firm’s nonperforming assets totaled $7.8
 
billion, down from the prior-quarter level of $8.0 billion and up from the prior-year level of $7.6 billion.
Firmwide average core loans increased 16% compared with the prior-year quarter and 3% compared with the first quarter of 2016. Within CCB, average core loans were up 23% over the prior-year quarter. CCB had record growth in average deposits, up $54 billion, or 10%, over the prior-year quarter. Credit card sales volume was up 8% and merchant processing volume was up 13% from the prior-year quarter. CCB had nearly 25 million active mobile customers in the second quarter of 2016, up 18% over the prior-year quarter.
CIB maintained its #1 ranking for Global Investment Banking fees with a 7.9% wallet share for the second quarter of 2016. Within CB, average loans were up 13% from the prior-year quarter. AM had record average loans, up 4% over the prior-year quarter and 81% of AM’s mutual fund assets under management ranked in the 1st or 2nd quartiles over the past 5 years.
For a detailed discussion of results by line of business, refer to the Business Segment Results on pages 18–39.
The Firm maintained its fortress balance sheet and added to its capital, ending the second quarter of 2016 with a TBVPS of $50.21, up 9% over the prior-year quarter. The Firm’s estimated Basel III Advanced Fully Phased-In CET1 capital and ratio were $179 billion and 11.9%, respectively. The Fully Phased-In supplementary leverage ratio (“SLR”) for the Firm and for JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. was each 6.6% at June 30, 2016. The Firm also was compliant with the Fully Phased-In U.S. LCR and had $516 billion of HQLA as of June 30, 2016. For further discussion of the liquidity coverage ratio (“LCR”) and HQLA, see Liquidity Risk Management on pages 70–74.


5


Key performance measures: ROTCE and TBVPS are considered key financial performance measures. Each of the Fully Phased-In capital and leverage measures is considered a key regulatory capital measure.
For further discussion of Basel III Advanced Fully Phased-In measures and the SLR under the U.S. final SLR rule, see Explanation and Reconciliation of the Firm’s Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Key Performance Measures on pages 16–17, and Capital Management on pages 63–69.
JPMorgan Chase continues to support consumers, businesses and communities around the globe. The Firm provided credit and raised capital of $1.2 trillion for commercial and consumer clients during the first six months of 2016. This included providing $369 billion of credit to corporations, $123 billion to consumers, and $12 billion to U.S. small businesses. During the first six months of 2016, the Firm also raised $599 billion of capital for corporate clients and non-U.S. government entities and provided credit and raised capital of $47 billion for nonprofit and U.S. government entities, including U.S. states, municipalities, hospitals and universities.
Regulatory and business developments
In March 2016, the Basel Committee proposed revisions to the operational and credit risk capital frameworks of Basel III and in April 2016, proposed a recalibration of the leverage ratio, changes to the definition of defaulted assets and finalized the treatment of interest rate risk in the banking book. As these proposals are finalized by the Basel Committee, U.S. banking regulators will propose requirements applicable to U.S. financial institutions. In March 2016, the Federal Reserve Board released a revised proposal to establish single-counterparty credit limits for large U.S. bank holding companies and foreign banking organizations. The Firm continues to assess the impacts as the proposed rules are finalized and will make appropriate adjustments to its businesses in response to these and other ongoing developments in regulatory requirements.
On April 6, 2016, the U.S. Department of Labor (“DOL”) issued its final “fiduciary” rule. The rule will deem many of the investment, rollover and asset management recommendations from broker-dealers, banks and other financial institutions to clients regarding their individual retirement accounts and other retirement accounts fiduciary “investment advice” under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”), as amended. Among the most significant impacts of the rule and related prohibited transaction exemptions will be the impact on the fee and compensation practices at financial institutions and on certain fee and revenue sharing arrangements among funds, fund sponsors and the financial institutions that offer investment advice to retail retirement clients. The related exemptions may require new client contracts, adherence to “impartial conduct” standards (including a requirement to act in the “best interest” of retirement clients) the adoption of related policies and procedures, as well as website and other disclosures to both investors and the DOL. The Firm believes it will be able to
 
conform its business practices to meet the requirements of the new rule and exemptions within the prescribed time periods.
On April 13, 2016, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) and the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”) jointly announced determinations and provided firm-specific feedback on the 2015 resolution plans of eight systemically important domestic banking institutions, including the Firm. The FDIC and the Federal Reserve jointly determined that the 2015 resolution plan of the Firm, along with the 2015 resolution plans of four other U.S. banking institutions, was not credible or would not facilitate an orderly resolution under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code, as provided under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”), because the plan contained certain deficiencies identified by the two agencies. If the Firm does not adequately remediate the identified deficiencies in its plan by October 1, 2016, the FDIC and the Federal Reserve may impose more stringent prudential requirements on the Firm, including more stringent capital, leverage, or liquidity requirements, as well as restrictions on the growth, activities, or operations of the Firm, or its subsidiaries. The FDIC and the Federal Reserve also identified certain shortcomings in the Firm’s 2015 resolution plan which must be satisfactorily addressed in the Firm’s resolution plan due on July 1, 2017. The Firm is committed to meeting the regulators’ expectations and fully remediating the identified deficiencies and shortcomings within the prescribed deadlines.
On June 23, 2016, the U.K. conducted a referendum and voted to leave the European Union. Many international banks, including the Firm, operate substantial parts of their European Union business from entities based in the U.K. Upon the U.K. leaving the European Union, the regulatory and legal environment that would then exist, and to which the Firm’s U.K. operations would then be subject, will depend on, in certain respects, the nature of the arrangements agreed with the European Union and other trading partners.
These arrangements cannot be predicted, but currently the Firm does not believe any of the likely identified scenarios would threaten the viability of the Firm’s business units or the Firm’s ability to serve clients across the European Union and in the U.K. However, it is possible that under some scenarios, changes to the Firm’s legal entity structure and operations would be required, which might result in a less efficient operating model across the Firm’s European legal entities.
On June 29, 2016, the Federal Reserve informed the Firm that it did not object, on either a quantitative or qualitative basis, to the Firm’s 2016 capital plan, submitted under the Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review (“CCAR”). For additional information see Capital Management on pages 63–69.


6


2016 Business outlook
These current expectations are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements are based on the current beliefs and expectations of JPMorgan Chase’s management and are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. These risks and uncertainties could cause the Firm’s actual results to differ materially from those set forth in such forward-looking statements. See Forward-Looking Statements on page 80 of this Form 10-Q and Risk Factors on pages 8–18 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report. There is no assurance that actual results for the full year of 2016 will be in line with the outlook set forth below, and the Firm does not undertake to update any of these forward-looking statements to reflect the impact of circumstances or events that arise after the date hereof.
JPMorgan Chase’s outlook for the remainder of 2016 should be viewed against the backdrop of the global and U.S. economies, financial markets activity, the geopolitical environment, the competitive environment, client activity levels, and regulatory and legislative developments in the U.S. and other countries where the Firm does business. Each of these interrelated factors will affect the performance of the Firm and its lines of business. The Firm expects it will continue to make appropriate adjustments to its businesses and operations in response to ongoing developments in the legal and regulatory, as well as business and economic, environment in which it operates.
Assuming there are no changes in interest rates during the remainder of 2016, management expects full-year 2016 net interest income could be over $2 billion higher compared to 2015 levels, reflecting the Federal Reserve’s rate increase in December 2015 and anticipated loan growth.
Management also expects managed noninterest revenue of approximately $50 billion in 2016, although actual results will depend on market conditions. The anticipated decline from 2015 levels is expected to be driven primarily by lower Card revenue, reflecting renegotiated co-brand partnership agreements, lower Investment Banking fees and lower Asset Management revenue.
 
Management expects core loan growth of approximately 10%-15% in 2016 as well as continued growth in consumer deposits; as a result of these two factors, the Firm’s average balance sheet is anticipated to reach approximately $2.45 trillion in 2016.
The Firm continues to experience charge-offs at levels lower than its through-the-cycle expectations reflecting favorable credit trends across the consumer and wholesale portfolios (excluding the Oil & Gas and Metals & Mining portfolios). Management expects total net charge-offs of up to approximately $4.75 billion in 2016, with the increase from 2015 levels driven by loan growth as well as higher charge-offs in the Oil & Gas portfolio.
The Firm continues to take a disciplined approach to managing its expenses, while investing in growth and innovation. The Firm intends to leverage its scale and improve its operating efficiencies, in order to reinvest its expense savings in additional technology and marketing investments and fund other growth initiatives. As a result, Firmwide adjusted expense in 2016 is expected to be approximately $56 billion (excluding Firmwide legal expense).



7


CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
This section provides a comparative discussion of JPMorgan Chase’s Consolidated Results of Operations on a reported basis for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, unless otherwise specified. Factors that relate primarily to a single business segment are discussed in more detail within that business segment. For a discussion of the Critical Accounting Estimates Used by the Firm that affect the Consolidated Results of Operations, see pages 76–77 of this Form 10-Q and pages 165–169 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
Revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2016

 
2015

 
Change
 
2016

 
2015

 
Change
Investment banking fees
$
1,644

 
$
1,833

 
(10
)%
 
$
2,977

 
$
3,627

 
(18
)%
Principal transactions
2,976

 
2,834

 
5

 
5,655

 
6,489

 
(13
)
Lending- and deposit-related fees
1,403

 
1,418

 
(1
)
 
2,806

 
2,781

 
1

Asset management, administration and commissions
3,681

 
4,015

 
(8
)
 
7,305

 
7,822

 
(7
)
Securities gains
21

 
44

 
(52
)
 
72

 
96

 
(25
)
Mortgage fees and related income
689

 
783

 
(12
)
 
1,356

 
1,488

 
(9
)
Card income
1,358

 
1,615

 
(16
)
 
2,659

 
3,046

 
(13
)
Other income(a)
1,261

 
586

 
115

 
2,062

 
1,168

 
77

Noninterest revenue
13,033

 
13,128

 
(1
)
 
24,892

 
26,517

 
(6
)
Net interest income
11,347

 
10,684

 
6

 
22,727

 
21,361

 
6

Total net revenue
$
24,380

 
$
23,812

 
2%

 
$
47,619

 
$
47,878

 
(1)%

(a)
Included operating lease income of $651 million and $504 million for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $1.3 billion and $973 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
 
Quarterly results
Total net revenue was up by 2% primarily reflecting higher net interest income. Noninterest revenue was flat, with the increase in Markets revenue in CIB and higher other income, which included a gain in CCB on the sale of Visa Europe interests offset by lower revenue in AM, lower CIB Investment Banking revenue and the impact of renegotiated Card co-brand partnership agreements.
Investment banking fees decreased predominantly driven by lower equity underwriting fees compared to a strong quarter in the prior year, reflecting lower industry-wide fee levels. For additional information on investment banking fees, see CIB segment results on pages 25–29, CB segment results on pages 30–33 and Note 6.
Principal transactions revenue increased largely reflecting higher Fixed Income Markets revenue in CIB as a result of strong performance in Rates and Currencies & Emerging Markets on higher client flows driven by increased issuance-related activity, improved global emerging market sentiment and increased volumes in foreign exchange markets. Performance in Credit Products also improved as client risk appetite recovered in a less volatile environment driving higher primary and secondary market activity. The increase was partially offset by a net reduction in Credit Adjustments & Other in CIB, and fair value losses on the investment in Square in CCB. For additional information on principal transactions revenue, see CIB segment results on pages 25–29 and Note 6.
Lending- and deposit-related fees were flat. For information on lending- and deposit-related fees, see the segment results for CCB on pages 19–24, CIB on pages 25–29, and CB on pages 30–33.
 
Asset management, administration and commissions revenue decreased largely reflecting the impact of weaker markets (including generally lower average equity market values compared with the prior year), lower performance fees and lower brokerage activity, particularly in AM. For additional information on these fees and commissions, see the segment discussions of CCB on pages 19–24, AM on pages 34–37, and Note 6.
Mortgage fees and related income decreased due to lower servicing revenue, largely as a result of a lower level of third-party loans serviced, partially offset by higher net production revenue. For further information on mortgage fees and related income, see the segment discussion of CCB on pages 19–24 and Note 16.
Card income decreased due to the impact of renegotiated co-brand partnership agreements and higher amortization of new account origination costs. For further information, see CCB segment results on pages 19–24.
Other income increased predominantly reflecting a gain on the sale of Visa Europe interests and higher operating lease income reflecting growth in auto operating leased assets, both in CCB.
Net interest income increased primarily driven by loan growth across businesses and the impact of higher rates, partially offset by lower investment securities balances and higher interest expense on long-term debt primarily associated with hedging activity. The Firm’s average interest-earning assets and net interest yield, on a fully taxable equivalent (“FTE”) basis, were $2.1 trillion and 2.25% (an increase of 16 basis points), respectively.


8


Year-to-date results
Total net revenue was flat, with the decrease in noninterest revenue offset by the increase in net interest income. The decrease in noninterest revenue was primarily driven by lower revenue in CIB and AM, and the impact of renegotiated Card co-brand partnership agreements, partially offset by higher other income, which included a gain in CCB on the sale of Visa Europe interests.
Investment banking fees decreased driven by lower equity and debt underwriting fees reflecting a decline in industry-wide fee levels. Debt underwriting fees were also impacted by fewer large acquisition finance deals.
Principal transactions revenue decreased largely reflecting the following in CIB: a net reduction in Credit Adjustments
& Other on widening credit spreads, and lower Equity Markets revenue compared with a strong prior year, particularly in Asia.
Lending- and deposit-related fees were flat. For information on lending- and deposit-related fees, see the segment results for CCB on pages 19–24, CIB on pages 25–29, and CB on pages 30–33.
Asset management, administration and commissions revenue decreased largely reflecting the impact of the challenging market environment, particularly in AM.
 
Mortgage fees and related income decreased due to lower servicing revenue, largely as a result of a lower level of third-party loans serviced, and lower net production revenue, largely offset by higher mortgage servicing rights (“MSR”) risk management results.
Card income decreased due to the impact of renegotiated co-brand partnership agreements and higher amortization of new account origination costs, partially offset by higher card sales volume. For further information, see CCB segment results on pages 19–24.
Other income increased predominantly reflecting a gain on the sale of Visa Europe interests in CCB, a gain on sale of an asset in AM, higher operating lease income reflecting growth in auto operating leased assets in CCB, and the impact of a loss recorded in the prior year related to the accelerated amortization of cash flow hedges associated with the exit of certain non-operating deposits.
Net interest income increased primarily driven by loan growth across businesses and the impact of higher rates, partially offset by lower investment securities balances and higher interest expense on long-term debt primarily associated with hedging activity. The Firm’s average interest-earning assets and net interest yield, on a FTE basis, were $2.1 trillion and 2.28% (an increase of 20 basis points), respectively.

Provision for credit losses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2016

 
2015

 
Change
 
2016
 
2015
 
Change
Consumer, excluding credit card
$
95

 
$
(98
)
 
NM

 
$
316

 
$
44

 
NM

Credit card
1,110

 
800

 
39
 %
 
1,940

 
1,589

 
22
%
Total consumer
1,205

 
702

 
72
 %
 
2,256

 
1,633

 
38
%
Wholesale
197

 
233

 
(15
)%
 
970

 
261

 
272
%
Total provision for credit losses
$
1,402

 
$
935

 
50
 %
 
$
3,226

 
$
1,894

 
70
%
Quarterly results
The provision for credit losses increased due to additions to the allowance for credit losses compared with reductions in the prior year, and higher net charge-offs. The Consumer provision reflected an increase in the allowance for credit losses primarily driven by higher loss rates in newer credit card vintages, as well as growth in the credit card and auto loan portfolios, partially offset by reductions in the allowance due to continued improvement in home prices and delinquencies in the residential real estate portfolio, as well as runoff in the student loan portfolio. The Wholesale provision reflected higher net charge-offs primarily driven by Oil & Gas and Metals & Mining and a net addition to the allowance for credit losses of approximately $50 million; the allowance reflected an increase of approximately $200 million, driven by a single Oil & Gas name in the CIB, which was largely offset by releases in the allowance across the remainder of the portfolio.
 
For a more detailed discussion of the credit portfolio and the allowance for credit losses, see the segment discussions of CCB on pages 19–24, CIB on pages 25–29, CB on pages 30–33, and the Allowance for credit losses on pages 55–57.
Year-to-date results
The provision for credit losses increased due to additions to the allowance for credit losses compared with reductions in the prior year, and higher net charge-offs. The Consumer provision reflected an increase in the allowance for credit losses primarily driven by higher loss rates in newer credit card vintages, as well as growth in the credit card and auto loan portfolios, partially offset by reductions in the allowance due to continued improvement in home prices and delinquencies in the residential real estate portfolio, as well as runoff in the student loan portfolio. The Wholesale provision reflected higher net charge-offs primarily driven by Oil & Gas and Metals & Mining and an addition to the allowance for credit losses of approximately $750 million, reflecting an increase of approximately $700 million related to the Oil & Gas and Natural Gas Pipelines portfolios.


9


Noninterest expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2016

 
2015

 
Change
 
2016
 
2015
 
Change
Compensation expense
$
7,778

 
$
7,694

 
1
 %
 
$
15,438

 
$
15,737

 
(2
)%
Noncompensation expense:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Occupancy
899

 
923

 
(3
)
 
1,782

 
1,856

 
(4
)
Technology, communications and equipment
1,665

 
1,499

 
11

 
3,283

 
2,990

 
10

Professional and outside services
1,700

 
1,768

 
(4
)
 
3,248

 
3,402

 
(5
)
Marketing
672

 
642

 
5

 
1,375

 
1,233

 
12

Other expense(a)(b)
924

 
1,974

 
(53
)
 
2,349

 
4,165

 
(44
)
Total noncompensation expense
5,860

 
6,806

 
(14
)
 
12,037

 
13,646

 
(12
)
Total noninterest expense
$
13,638

 
$
14,500

 
(6
)%
 
$
27,475

 
$
29,383

 
(6
)%
(a)
Included firmwide legal expense of $(430) million and $291 million for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $(476) million and $978 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively
(b)
Included FDIC-related expense of $283 million and $300 million for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $552 million and $618 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Quarterly results
Total noninterest expense decreased by 6% driven by a net legal benefit in the current quarter compared with a legal expense in the prior year, and the impact of continued expense reduction initiatives.
Compensation expense increased predominantly driven by higher performance-based compensation expense in CIB, partially offset by the impact of continued expense reduction initiatives, including lower headcount in certain businesses (offset by higher headcount in Corporate).
Noncompensation expense decreased as a result of a net legal benefit in the current quarter (compared with a legal expense in the prior year), and lower professional services expense, including lower legal services expense; the prior year included a loss on an asset held for sale in AM. These factors were partially offset by higher depreciation expense reflecting growth in auto operating leased assets in CCB. For a further discussion of legal matters, see Note 23.
 
Year-to-date results
Total noninterest expense decreased by 6% driven by a net legal benefit in the current year compared with a legal expense in the prior year, lower performance-based compensation expense, and the impact of continued expense reduction initiatives, partially offset by incremental investments and growth in the businesses.
Compensation expense decreased predominantly driven by lower performance-based compensation expense in CIB and AM, and the impact of continued expense reduction initiatives, including lower headcount in certain businesses (offset by higher headcount in Corporate).
Noncompensation expense decreased as a result of a net legal benefit in the current year (compared with a legal expense in the prior year); lower professional services expense, including lower legal services and contractors; lower regulatory-related expense; and the impact of the disposal of assets recorded in AM, partially offset by higher depreciation expense from growth in auto operating leased assets and higher investments in marketing, both in CCB; and the impact of a benefit recorded in the prior year from a franchise tax settlement. For a further discussion of legal matters, see Note 23.


10


Income tax expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(in millions, except rate)
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
2016

 
2015

 
Change
 
2016
 
2015
 
Change
Income before income tax expense
$
9,340

 
$
8,377

 
11
%
 
 
$
16,918

 
$
16,601

 
2
%
 
Income tax expense
3,140

 
2,087

 
50

 
 
5,198

 
4,397

 
18

 
Effective tax rate
33.6
%
 
24.9
%
 
 
 
 
30.7
%
 
26.5
%
 


 
Quarterly results
The effective tax rate increased due to higher income tax expense in the current period from tax audits, compared with higher income tax benefits in the prior year from tax audits. The increase was partially offset by changes in the mix of income and expense subject to U.S. federal and state and local taxes.
 
Year-to-date results
The effective tax rate increased due to higher income tax expense in the current period from tax audits, compared with higher income tax benefits in the prior year from tax audits. The increase was partially offset by tax benefits from the adoption of new accounting guidance related to employee stock-based incentive payments, and changes in the mix of income and expense subject to U.S. federal and state and local taxes. For additional details on the impact of the new accounting guidance, see Accounting and Reporting Developments on pages 78–79.


11


CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS ANALYSIS
Consolidated balance sheets overview
The following is a discussion of the significant changes between June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015.
Selected Consolidated balance sheets data
(in millions)
Jun 30,
2016
 
Dec 31,
2015
Change
Assets
 
 
 
 
Cash and due from banks
$
19,710

 
$
20,490

(4
)%
Deposits with banks
345,595

 
340,015

2

Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
237,267

 
212,575

12

Securities borrowed
103,225

 
98,721

5

Trading assets:
 
 
 
 
Debt and equity instruments
302,347

 
284,162

6

Derivative receivables
78,446

 
59,677

31

Securities
278,610

 
290,827

(4
)
Loans
872,804

 
837,299

4

Allowance for loan losses
(14,227
)
 
(13,555
)
5

Loans, net of allowance for loan losses
858,577

 
823,744

4

Accrued interest and accounts receivable
64,911

 
46,605

39

Premises and equipment
14,262

 
14,362

(1
)
Goodwill
47,303

 
47,325


Mortgage servicing rights
5,072

 
6,608

(23
)
Other intangible assets
917

 
1,015

(10
)
Other assets
109,854

 
105,572

4

Total assets
$
2,466,096

 
$
2,351,698

5

Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
The increase was due to higher demand for securities to cover short positions related to client-driven market-making activities in CIB, and the deployment of excess cash by Treasury. For additional information on the Firm’s Liquidity Risk Management, see pages 70–74.
Trading assets and liabilitiesdebt and equity instruments
The increase in trading assets and liabilities was predominantly related to client-driven market-making activities in CIB. The increase in trading assets reflected higher debt instruments, partially offset by lower equity instruments. The increase in trading liabilities reflected higher levels of short positions in debt and equity instruments. For additional information, refer to Note 3.
Trading assets and liabilitiesderivative receivables and payables
The increase in derivative receivables and payables was predominantly related to client-driven market-making activities in CIB, which resulted in higher interest rate and foreign exchange derivative receivables and payables, driven by market movements. For additional information, refer to Derivative contracts on pages 53–54, and Notes 3 and 5.
Securities
The decrease was predominantly due to net sales, maturities and paydowns in corporate debt securities and non-U.S. residential mortgage-backed securities reflecting a shift to loans. For additional information, see Notes 3
and 11.
 
Loans and allowance for loan losses
The increase in loans was driven by higher wholesale and consumer loans. The increase in wholesale loans was driven by strong originations of commercial and industrial loans in CB and CIB, and commercial real estate loans in CB. The increase in consumer loans reflects retention of originated high-quality prime mortgages and growth in auto loans.
The increase in the allowance for loan losses was attributable to additions to both the wholesale and consumer allowances. The increase in the wholesale allowance reflects downgrades in the Oil & Gas, Natural Gas Pipelines, and Metals & Mining portfolios. The increase in the consumer allowance was primarily driven by higher loss rates in newer credit card vintages, as well as growth in the credit card and auto loan portfolios, partially offset by reductions in the allowance due to continued improvement in home prices and delinquencies in the residential real estate portfolio, as well as runoff in the student loan portfolio. For a more detailed discussion of loans and the allowance for loan losses, refer to Credit Risk Management on pages 41–57, and Notes 3, 4, 13 and 14.
Accrued interest and accounts receivable
The increase was driven by higher client receivables related to client-driven market-making activities in CIB.
Mortgage servicing rights
For additional information on MSRs, see Note 16.


12






Selected Consolidated balance sheets data (continued)
 
(in millions)
Jun 30,
2016
 
Dec 31,
2015
Change
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
Deposits
$
1,330,958

 
$
1,279,715

4

Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
166,044

 
152,678

9

Commercial paper
17,279

 
15,562

11

Other borrowed funds
19,945

 
21,105

(5
)
Trading liabilities:
 
 
 
 
Debt and equity instruments
101,194

 
74,107

37

Derivative payables
57,764

 
52,790

9

Accounts payable and other liabilities
184,635

 
177,638

4

Beneficial interests issued by consolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”)
40,227

 
41,879

(4
)
Long-term debt
295,627

 
288,651

2

Total liabilities
2,213,673

 
2,104,125

5

Stockholders’ equity
252,423

 
247,573

2

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
2,466,096

 
$
2,351,698

5
 %
Deposits
The increase was attributable to higher consumer and wholesale deposits. The increase in consumer deposits was due to continued growth from new and existing customers, as well as the impact of low attrition rates. The increase in wholesale deposits was mainly driven by growth in client activity in CIB’s Treasury Services business. For more information on deposits, refer to the Liquidity Risk Management discussion on pages 70–74; and Notes 3
and 17.
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
The increase was due to higher secured financing of investment securities in the Chief Investment Office (“CIO”), and higher client-driven market-making activities in CIB. For additional information on the Firm’s Liquidity Risk Management, see pages 70–74.
Stockholders’ equity
The increase was due to net income and higher accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”), partially offset by cash dividends on common and preferred stock and repurchases of common stock. For additional information on changes in stockholders’ equity, see page 84, and on the Firm’s capital actions, see Capital actions on page 68.


13


OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
In the normal course of business, the Firm enters into various contractual obligations that may require future cash payments. Certain obligations are recognized on-balance sheet, while others are off-balance sheet under accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“U.S. GAAP”). The Firm is involved with several types of off–balance sheet arrangements, including through nonconsolidated special-purpose entities (“SPEs”), which are a type of VIE, and through lending-related financial instruments (e.g., commitments and guarantees). For further discussion, see Note 21 of this Form 10-Q and Off–Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Cash Obligations on pages 77–78 and Note 29 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
Special-purpose entities
The most common type of VIE is an SPE. SPEs are commonly used in securitization transactions in order to isolate certain assets and distribute the cash flows from those assets to investors. SPEs are an important part of the financial markets, including the mortgage- and asset-backed securities and commercial paper markets, as they provide market liquidity by facilitating investors’ access to specific portfolios of assets and risks. The Firm holds capital, as deemed appropriate, against all SPE-related transactions and related exposures, such as derivative transactions and lending-related commitments and guarantees. For further information on the types of SPEs, see Note 15 of this Form 10-Q, and Note 1 and Note 16 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
Implications of a credit rating downgrade to JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
For certain liquidity commitments to SPEs, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., could be required to provide funding if its short-term credit rating were downgraded below specific levels, primarily “P-1,” “A-1” and “F1” for Moody’s Investor Service (“Moody’s”), Standard & Poor’s and Fitch, respectively. These liquidity commitments support the issuance of asset-backed commercial paper by Firm-administered consolidated SPEs. In the event of a short-term credit rating downgrade, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., absent other solutions, would be required to provide funding to the SPE if the commercial paper could not be reissued as it matured. The aggregate amounts of
 
commercial paper outstanding held by third parties as of June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, was $5.4 billion and $8.7 billion, respectively. The aggregate amounts of commercial paper issued by these SPEs could increase in future periods should clients of the Firm-administered consolidated SPEs draw down on certain unfunded lending-related commitments. These unfunded lending-related commitments were $9.0 billion and $5.6 billion at June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, respectively. The Firm could facilitate the refinancing of some of the clients’ assets in order to reduce the funding obligation. For further information, see the discussion of Firm-administered multiseller conduits in Note 15.
The Firm also acts as liquidity provider for certain municipal bond vehicles. The Firm’s obligation to perform as liquidity provider is conditional and is limited by certain termination events, which include bankruptcy or failure to pay by the municipal bond issuer and any credit enhancement provider, an event of taxability on the municipal bonds or the immediate downgrade of the municipal bond to below investment grade. See Note 15 for additional information.
Off–balance sheet lending-related financial instruments, guarantees, and other commitments
JPMorgan Chase provides lending-related financial instruments (e.g., commitments and guarantees) to meet the financing needs of its customers. The contractual amount of these financial instruments represents the maximum possible credit risk to the Firm should the counterparty draw upon the commitment or the Firm be required to fulfill its obligation under the guarantee, and should the counterparty subsequently fail to perform according to the terms of the contract. Most of these commitments and guarantees expire without being drawn or a default occurring. As a result, the total contractual amount of these instruments is not, in the Firm’s view, representative of its actual future credit exposure or funding requirements. For further discussion of lending-related financial instruments, guarantees and other commitments, and the Firm’s accounting for them, see Lending-related commitments on page 53 and Note 21 (including the table that presents the related amounts by contractual maturity as of June 30, 2016). For a discussion of liabilities associated with loan sales- and securitization-related indemnifications, see Note 21.


14


CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOWS ANALYSIS
Consolidated cash flows overview
The following is a discussion of cash flow activities during the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015.
(in millions)
 
Six months ended June 30,
 
2016
 
2015
Net cash provided by/(used in)
 
 
 
 
Operating activities
 
$
(22,907
)
 
$
32,175

Investing activities
 
(52,064
)
 
77,471

Financing activities
 
74,159

 
(113,429
)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash
 
32

 
47

Net decrease in cash and due from banks
 
$
(780
)
 
$
(3,736
)
Operating activities
Operating assets and liabilities can vary significantly in the normal course of business due to the amount and timing of cash flows, which are affected by client-driven and risk management activities and market conditions. The Firm believes cash flows from operations, available cash balances and its capacity to generate cash through secured and unsecured sources are sufficient to meet the Firm’s operating liquidity needs.
Cash used in operating activities in 2016 resulted from an increase in accrued interest and accounts receivables driven by higher client receivables related to client-driven market-making activities in CIB. Additionally, in 2016, cash used reflected an increase in trading assets, which was predominantly offset by an increase in trading liabilities, reflecting client-driven market-making activities in CIB. In 2016 and 2015, cash was provided by net income after noncash operating adjustments; partially offset by higher net originations and purchases of loans held-for-sale. In 2015, cash was provided by a decrease in trading assets which more than offset cash used by a decrease in trading liabilities predominantly due to client-driven market-making activities in CIB; and a decrease in securities borrowed resulting from lower demand for securities to cover customer short positions in CIB.
 
Investing activities
Cash used in investing activities during 2016 resulted from net originations of consumer and wholesale loans. The increase in wholesale loans was driven by strong originations of commercial and industrial loans in CB and CIB, and commercial real estate loans in CB. The increase in consumer loans reflects retention of originated high-quality prime mortgages and growth in auto loans. Additionally, in 2016, cash outflows reflected an increase in securities purchased under resale agreements due to higher demand for securities to cover short positions related to client-driven market-making activities in CIB, and the deployment of excess cash by Treasury. Partially offsetting these cash outflows were net proceeds from paydowns, maturities, sales and purchases of investment securities. Cash provided by investing activities during 2015 predominantly resulted from a net decrease in deposits with banks which was attributable to lower wholesale non-operating deposits; and net proceeds from paydowns, maturities, sales and purchases of investment securities. Partially offsetting these inflows was cash used for net originations of consumer and wholesale loans.
Financing activities
Cash provided by financing activities in 2016 resulted from higher consumer and wholesale deposits. Consumer deposits increased due to the continued growth from new and existing customers, as well as the impact of low attrition rates. Wholesale deposits increased reflecting growth in client activity in Treasury Services. Cash was also provided in 2016 by an increase in securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements due to higher secured financing of investment securities in CIO, and higher client-driven market-making activities in CIB; and net proceeds from long-term borrowings. Cash used in financing activities in 2015 resulted from lower wholesale deposits, reflecting the Firm’s actions to reduce non-operating deposits, partially offset by higher consumer deposits. Partially offsetting these outflows were net proceeds from long-term borrowings. For both periods, cash was used for repurchases of common stock and dividends on common and preferred stock. In 2015 cash was provided by the issuance of preferred stock.
* * *
For a further discussion of the activities affecting the Firm’s cash flows, see Consolidated Balance Sheets Analysis on pages 12–13, Capital Management on pages 63–69, and Liquidity Risk Management on pages 70–74 of this Form 10-Q, and page 75 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.



15


EXPLANATION AND RECONCILIATION OF THE FIRM’S USE OF NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES AND KEY PERFORMANCE MEASURES
Non-GAAP financial measures
The Firm prepares its Consolidated Financial Statements using U.S. GAAP; these financial statements appear on pages 81–85. That presentation, which is referred to as “reported” basis, provides the reader with an understanding of the Firm’s results that can be tracked consistently from year-to-year and enables a comparison of the Firm’s performance with other companies’ U.S. GAAP financial statements.
In addition to analyzing the Firm’s results on a reported basis, management reviews the Firm’s results, including the overhead ratio and the results of the lines of business, on a “managed” basis, which are non-GAAP financial measures. The Firm’s definition of managed basis starts with the reported U.S. GAAP results and includes certain reclassifications to present total net revenue for the Firm (and each of the reportable business segments) on an FTE basis. Accordingly, revenue from investments that receive tax credits and tax-exempt securities is presented in the
 
managed results on a basis comparable to taxable investments and securities. This non-GAAP financial measure allows management to assess the comparability of revenue from year-to-year arising from both taxable and tax-exempt sources. The corresponding income tax impact related to tax-exempt items is recorded within income tax expense. These adjustments have no impact on net income as reported by the Firm as a whole or by the lines of business.
Management also uses certain non-GAAP financial measures at the business-segment level, because it believes these other non-GAAP financial measures provide information to investors about the underlying operational performance and trends of the particular business segment and, therefore, facilitate a comparison of the business segment with the performance of its competitors. Non-GAAP financial measures used by the Firm may not be comparable to similarly named non-GAAP financial measures used by other companies.

The following summary table provides a reconciliation from the Firm’s reported U.S. GAAP results to managed basis.
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
2016
 
2015
(in millions, except ratios)
Reported
results
 
Fully taxable-equivalent adjustments(a)
 
Managed
basis
 
Reported
results
 
Fully taxable-equivalent adjustments(a)
 
Managed
basis
Other income
$
1,261

 
$
529

 
 
$
1,790

 
$
586

 
$
447

 
 
$
1,033

Total noninterest revenue
13,033

 
529

 
 
13,562

 
13,128

 
447

 
 
13,575

Net interest income
11,347

 
305

 
 
11,652

 
10,684

 
272

 
 
10,956

Total net revenue
24,380

 
834

 
 
25,214

 
23,812

 
719

 
 
24,531

Pre-provision profit
10,742

 
834

 
 
11,576

 
9,312

 
719

 
 
10,031

Income before income tax expense
9,340

 
834

 
 
10,174

 
8,377

 
719

 
 
9,096

Income tax expense
$
3,140

 
$
834

 
 
$
3,974

 
$
2,087

 
$
719

 
 
$
2,806

Overhead ratio
56
%
 
NM

 
 
54
%
 
61
%
 
NM

 
 
59
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six months ended June 30,
 
2016
 
2015
(in millions, except ratios)
Reported
results
 
Fully taxable-equivalent adjustments(a)
 
 
Managed
basis
 
Reported
results
 
Fully taxable-equivalent adjustments(a)
 
 
Managed
basis
Other income
$
2,062

 
$
1,080

 
 
$
3,142

 
$
1,168

 
$
928

 
 
$
2,096

Total noninterest revenue
24,892

 
1,080

 
 
25,972

 
26,517

 
928

 
 
27,445

Net interest income
22,727

 
598

 
 
23,325

 
21,361

 
545

 
 
21,906

Total net revenue
47,619

 
1,678

 
 
49,297

 
47,878

 
1,473

 
 
49,351

Pre-provision profit
20,144

 
1,678

 
 
21,822

 
18,495

 
1,473

 
 
19,968

Income before income tax expense
16,918

 
1,678

 
 
18,596

 
16,601

 
1,473

 
 
18,074

Income tax expense
$
5,198

 
$
1,678

 
 
$
6,876

 
$
4,397

 
$
1,473

 
 
$
5,870

Overhead ratio
58
%
 
NM

 
 
56
%
 
61
%
 
NM

 
 
60
%
(a) Predominantly recognized in CIB and CB business segments and Corporate.
Additionally, certain credit metrics and ratios disclosed by the Firm are non-GAAP measures. For additional information on these non-GAAP measures, see Credit Risk Management on pages 41–57.


16


Net interest income excluding markets-based activities
In addition to reviewing net interest income on a managed basis, management also reviews net interest income excluding CIB’s markets-based activities to assess the performance of the Firm’s lending, investing (including asset-liability management) and deposit-raising activities.
 
The data presented below are non-GAAP financial measures due to the exclusion of CIB’s markets-based net interest income and related assets. Management believes this exclusion provides investors and analysts with another measure by which to analyze the non-markets-related business trends of the Firm and provides a comparable measure to other financial institutions that are primarily focused on lending, investing and deposit-raising activities.

Net interest income excluding CIB markets-based activities data
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except rates)
2016
2015
 
Change
 
2016
2015
 
Change
Net interest income – managed basis(a)(b)
$
11,652

$
10,956

 
6
 %
 
$
23,325

$
21,906

 
6
 %
Less: Markets-based net interest income
1,420

1,238

 
15

 
2,798

2,497

 
12

Net interest income excluding markets(a)
$
10,232

$
9,718

 
5

 
$
20,527

$
19,409

 
6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average interest-earning assets
$
2,079,525

$
2,097,637

 
(1
)
 
$
2,061,754

$
2,123,078

 
(3
)
Less: Average markets-based interest-earning assets
494,303

500,915

 
(1
)
 
491,068

505,290

 
(3
)
Average interest-earning assets excluding markets
$
1,585,222

$
1,596,722

 
(1
)%
 
$
1,570,686

$
1,617,788

 
(3
)%
Net interest yield on average interest-earning assets – managed basis
2.25
%
2.09
%
 
 
 
2.28
%
2.08
%
 
 
Net interest yield on average markets-based interest-earning assets
1.16

0.99

 
 
 
1.15

1.00

 
 
Net interest yield on average interest-earning assets excluding markets
2.60
%
2.44
%
 
 
 
2.63
%
2.42
%
 
 
(a)
Interest includes the effect of related hedging derivatives. Taxable-equivalent amounts are used where applicable.
(b)
For a reconciliation of net interest income on a reported and managed basis, see reconciliation from the Firm’s reported U.S. GAAP results to managed basis on page 16


Key performance measures
Tangible common equity (“TCE”), ROTCE and TBVPS are considered key financial performance measures. TCE represents the Firm’s common stockholders’ equity (i.e., total stockholders’ equity less preferred stock) less goodwill and identifiable intangible assets (other than MSRs), net of related deferred tax liabilities. ROTCE measures the Firm’s net income applicable to common equity as a percentage of average TCE. TBVPS represents the Firm’s TCE at period-end divided by common shares at period-end. TCE, ROTCE, and TBVPS are meaningful to the Firm, as well as investors and analysts, in assessing the Firm’s use of equity.
The following summary table provides a reconciliation from the Firm’s common stockholders’ equity to TCE.
Tangible common equity
Period-end
 
Average
(in millions, except per share and ratio data)
Jun 30,
2016
Dec 31,
2015
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
 
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
Common stockholders’ equity
$
226,355

$
221,505

 
$
224,429

$
213,738

 
$
222,995

$
213,049

Less: Goodwill
47,303

47,325

 
47,309

47,485

 
47,320

47,488

Less: Certain identifiable intangible assets
917

1,015

 
928

1,113

 
957

1,138

Add: Deferred tax liabilities(a)
3,220

3,148

 
3,213

2,873

 
3,195

2,868

Tangible common equity
$
181,355

$
176,313

 
$
179,405

$
168,013

 
$
177,913

$
167,291

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on tangible common equity
NA

NA

 
13
%
14
%
 
12
%
14
%
Tangible book value per share
$
50.21

$
48.13

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

(a)
Represents deferred tax liabilities related to tax-deductible goodwill and to identifiable intangibles created in nontaxable transactions, which are netted against goodwill and other intangibles when calculating TCE.
The Firm’s capital, RWA and capital ratios that are presented under Basel III Standardized and Advanced Fully Phased-In rules and the Firm’s and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.’s and Chase Bank USA, N.A.’s SLRs calculated under the Basel III Advanced Fully Phased-In rules are considered key regulatory capital measures. Such measures are used by banking regulators, investors and analysts to assess the Firm’s capital position and to compare the Firm’s capital to that of other financial services companies. For additional information on these measures, see Capital Management on pages 63–69.


17


BUSINESS SEGMENT RESULTS
The Firm is managed on a line of business basis. There are four major reportable business segments – Consumer & Community Banking, Corporate & Investment Bank, Commercial Banking and Asset Management. In addition, there is a Corporate segment.
The business segments are determined based on the products and services provided, or the type of customer served, and they reflect the manner in which financial information is currently evaluated by management. Results of these lines of business are presented on a managed basis. For a definition of managed basis, see Explanation and Reconciliation of the Firm’s use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Key Performance Measures, on pages 16–17.
Description of business segment reporting methodology
Results of the business segments are intended to reflect each segment as if it were a stand-alone business. The management reporting process that derives business segment results allocates income and expense using
 
market-based methodologies. The Firm also assesses the level of capital required for each line of business on at least an annual basis. For further information about line of business capital, see Line of business equity on page 67.
The Firm periodically assesses the assumptions, methodologies and reporting classifications used for segment reporting, and further refinements may be implemented in future periods.
For a further discussion of those methodologies, see Business Segment Results – Description of business segment reporting methodology on pages 83–84 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
The following discussions of the business segment results are based on a comparison of the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 versus the corresponding period in the prior year, unless otherwise specified.


Segment Results – Managed basis
The following tables summarize the business segment results for the periods indicated.
Three months ended June 30,
Total net revenue
 
Total noninterest expense
 
Pre-provision profit/(loss)
(in millions)
2016

2015

Change
 
2016

2015

Change
 
2016

2015

Change
Consumer & Community Banking
$
11,451

$
11,015

4%

 
$
6,004

$
6,210

(3)%

 
$
5,447

$
4,805

13%
Corporate & Investment Bank
9,165

8,723

5

 
5,078

5,137

(1
)
 
4,087

3,586

14
Commercial Banking
1,817

1,739

4

 
731

703

4

 
1,086

1,036

5
Asset Management
2,939

3,175

(7
)
 
2,098

2,406

(13
)
 
841

769

9
Corporate
(158
)
(121
)
(31
)
 
(273
)
44

NM

 
115

(165
)
NM
Total
$
25,214

$
24,531

3%

 
$
13,638

$
14,500

(6)%

 
$
11,576

$
10,031

15%
Three months ended June 30,
Provision for credit losses
 
Net income/(loss)
 
Return on common equity
(in millions, except ratios)
2016

2015

Change
 
2016

2015

Change
 
2016

2015

Consumer & Community Banking
$
1,201

$
702

71
%
 
$
2,656

$
2,533

5%

 
20
%
19
%
Corporate & Investment Bank
235

50

370

 
2,493

2,341

6

 
15

14

Commercial Banking
(25
)
182

NM

 
696

525

33

 
16

14

Asset Management
(8
)

NM

 
521

451

16

 
22

19

Corporate
(1
)
1

NM

 
(166
)
440

NM

 
NM
NM
Total
$
1,402

$
935

50
%
 
$
6,200

$
6,290

(1)%

 
10%

11
%
Six months ended June 30,
Total net revenue
 
Total noninterest expense
 
Pre-provision profit/(loss)
(in millions)
2016

2015

Change
 
2016

2015

Change
 
2016

2015

Change
Consumer & Community Banking
$
22,568

$
21,719

4%

 
$
12,092

$
12,400

(2
)%
 
$
10,476

$
9,319

12
 %
Corporate & Investment Bank
17,300

18,305

(5
)
 
9,886

10,794

(8
)
 
7,414

7,511

(1
)
Commercial Banking
3,620

3,481

4

 
1,444

1,412

2

 
2,176

2,069

5

Asset Management
5,911

6,180

(4
)
 
4,173

4,581

(9
)
 
1,738

1,599

9

Corporate
(102
)
(334
)
69

 
(120
)
196

NM

 
18

(530
)
NM
Total
$
49,297

$
49,351


 
$
27,475

$
29,383

(6
)%
 
$
21,822

$
19,968

9
 %
Six months ended June 30,
Provision for credit losses
 
Net income/(loss)
 
Return on common equity
(in millions, except ratios)
2016
2015
Change
 
2016

2015

Change
 
2016

2015

Consumer & Community Banking
$
2,251

$
1,632

38%
 
$
5,146

$
4,752

8%

 
19
%
18
%
Corporate & Investment Bank
694

19

NM
 
4,472

4,878

(8
)
 
13

15

Commercial Banking
279

243

15
 
1,192

1,123

6

 
14

15

Asset Management
5

4

25
 
1,108

953

16

 
24

21

Corporate
(3
)
(4
)
25
 
(198
)
498

NM

 
NM
NM
Total
$
3,226

$
1,894

70%
 
$
11,720

$
12,204

(4)%

 
10%

11
%


18



CONSUMER & COMMUNITY BANKING
For a discussion of the business profile of CCB, see pages 85–93 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report and Line of Business Metrics on page 174.
Selected income statement data
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios)
2016

 
2015

 
Change
 
2016
 
2015
 
 
Change
Revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lending- and deposit-related fees
$
780

 
$
766

 
2
 %
 
$
1,549

 
$
1,484

 
 
4
 %
Asset management, administration and commissions
535

 
553

 
(3
)
 
1,065

 
1,083

 
 
(2
)
Mortgage fees and related income
689

 
782

 
(12
)
 
1,356

 
1,486

 
 
(9
)
Card income
1,253

 
1,506

 
(17
)
 
2,444

 
2,830

 
 
(14
)
All other income
881

 
482

 
83

 
1,530

 
942

 
 
62

Noninterest revenue
4,138

 
4,089

 
1

 
7,944

 
7,825

 
 
2

Net interest income
7,313

 
6,926

 
6

 
14,624

 
13,894

 
 
5

Total net revenue
11,451

 
11,015

 
4

 
22,568

 
21,719

 
 
4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for credit losses
1,201

 
702

 
71

 
2,251

 
1,632

 
 
38

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noninterest expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation expense
2,420

 
2,478

 
(2
)
 
4,802

 
5,008

 
 
(4
)
Noncompensation expense
3,584

 
3,732

 
(4
)
 
7,290

 
7,392

 
 
(1
)
Total noninterest expense(a)
6,004

 
6,210

 
(3
)
 
12,092

 
12,400

 
 
(2
)
Income before income tax expense
4,246

 
4,103

 
3

 
8,225

 
7,687

 
 
7

Income tax expense
1,590

 
1,570

 
1

 
3,079

 
2,935

 
 
5

Net income
$
2,656

 
$
2,533

 
5

 
$
5,146

 
$
4,752

 
 
8

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue by line of business
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer & Business Banking
$
4,616

 
$
4,483

 
3

 
$
9,166

 
$
8,841

 
 
4

Mortgage Banking
1,921

 
1,833

 
5

 
3,797

 
3,582

 
 
6

Card, Commerce Solutions & Auto
4,914

 
4,699

 
5

 
9,605

 
9,296

 
 
3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage fees and related income details:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net production revenue
261

 
233

 
12

 
423

 
470

 
 
(10
)
Net mortgage servicing revenue(b)
428

 
549

 
(22
)
 
933

 
1,016

 
 
(8
)
Mortgage fees and related income
$
689

 
$
782

 
(12
)%
 
$
1,356

 
$
1,486

 
 
(9
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial ratios
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on common equity
20
%
 
19
%
 
 
 
19
%
 
18
%
 
 
 
Overhead ratio
52

 
56

 
 
 
54

 
57

 
 
 
Note: In the discussion and the tables which follow, CCB presents certain financial measures which exclude the impact of PCI loans; these are non-GAAP financial measures. For additional information, see Explanation and Reconciliation of the Firm’s Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Key Performance Measures on pages 16–17.
(a)
Included operating lease depreciation expense of $460 million and $348 million for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $892 million and $674 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
(b)
Included MSR risk management of $73 million and $70 million for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $202 million and $2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.


19



Quarterly results
Consumer & Community Banking net income was $2.7 billion, an increase of 5%, driven by higher net revenue and lower noninterest expense, predominantly offset by higher provision for credit losses.
Net revenue was $11.5 billion, an increase of 4%. Net interest income was $7.3 billion, up 6%, driven by higher deposit balances and higher loan balances largely resulting from originations of prime mortgage loans that have been retained, partially offset by deposit spread compression. Noninterest revenue was $4.1 billion, up 1%, driven by a gain on the sale of Visa Europe interests, higher auto lease and card sales volume and higher deposit-related fees, predominantly offset by the impact of renegotiated co-brand partnership agreements in Credit Card, lower mortgage servicing revenue largely as a result of a lower level of third-party loans serviced, and higher amortization of new account origination costs in Credit Card. Noninterest revenue also included fair value losses on the investment in Square, Inc.
The provision for credit losses was $1.2 billion, an increase of 71%, reflecting increases in the allowance for loan losses. The current-quarter provision included a $175 million increase in the allowance for loan losses, reflecting increases in the credit card and auto loan portfolios, primarily driven by higher loss rates in newer card vintages, as well as growth in the card and auto loan portfolios, partially offset by reductions in the allowance for loan losses due to continued improvement in home prices and delinquencies in the residential real estate portfolio as well as runoff in the student loan portfolio. The prior-year provision reflected a $326 million reduction in the allowance for loan losses due to continued improvement in home prices and delinquencies in the residential real estate portfolio as well as runoff in the student loan portfolio.
Noninterest expense was $6.0 billion, a decrease of 3%, driven by lower legal expense, branch efficiencies and lower headcount-related expense, largely offset by higher auto lease depreciation.
 
Year-to-date results
Consumer & Community Banking net income was $5.1 billion, an increase of 8%, driven by higher net revenue and lower noninterest expense, largely offset by higher provision for credit losses.
Net revenue was $22.6 billion, an increase of 4%. Net interest income was $14.6 billion, up 5%, driven by higher deposit balances and higher loan balances largely resulting from originations of prime mortgage loans that have been retained, partially offset by deposit spread compression. Noninterest revenue was $7.9 billion, up 2%, driven by a gain on the sale of Visa Europe interests, higher auto lease and card sales volume, higher MSR risk management results and higher deposit-related fees, predominantly offset by the impact of renegotiated co-brand partnership agreements in Credit Card, lower mortgage servicing revenue largely as a result of a lower level of third-party loans serviced, and higher amortization of new account origination costs in Credit Card. See Note 16 for further information regarding changes in value of the MSR asset and related hedges,
and mortgage fees and related income. Noninterest revenue also included fair-value losses on the investment in Square, Inc.
The provision for credit losses was $2.3 billion, an increase of 38%, reflecting increases in the allowance for loan losses. The current-year provision included a $175 million increase in the allowance for loan losses, reflecting increases in the credit card and auto loan portfolios, primarily driven by higher loss rates in newer card vintages, as well as growth in the card and auto loan portfolios, partially offset by reductions in the allowance for loan losses due to continued improvement in home prices and delinquencies in the residential real estate portfolio as well as runoff in the student loan portfolio. The prior-year provision reflected a $451 million reduction in the allowance for loan losses due to continued improvement in home prices and delinquencies in the residential real estate portfolio as well as runoff in the student loan portfolio.
Noninterest expense was $12.1 billion, a decrease of 2%, driven by lower legal expense, branch efficiencies and lower headcount-related expense, largely offset by higher auto lease depreciation and higher investment in marketing.


20



Selected metrics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,
 
As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except headcount)
2016
 
2015
 
Change
 
2016
 
2015
 
Change
Selected balance sheet data (period-end)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets
$
519,187

 
$
472,181

 
10
 %
 
$
519,187

 
$
472,181

 
10
 %
Loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer & Business Banking
23,588

 
21,940

 
8

 
23,588

 
21,940

 
8

Home equity
54,569

 
63,316

 
(14
)
 
54,569

 
63,316

 
(14
)
Residential mortgage and other
178,670

 
139,814

 
28

 
178,670

 
139,814

 
28

Mortgage Banking
233,239

 
203,130

 
15

 
233,239

 
203,130

 
15

Credit Card
131,591

 
126,025

 
4

 
131,591

 
126,025

 
4

Auto
64,056

 
56,330

 
14

 
64,056

 
56,330

 
14

Student
7,614

 
8,763

 
(13
)
 
7,614

 
8,763

 
(13
)
Total loans
460,088

 
416,188

 
11

 
460,088

 
416,188

 
11

Core loans
364,007

 
301,154

 
21

 
364,007

 
301,154

 
21

Deposits
586,074

 
530,767

 
10

 
586,074

 
530,767

 
10

Common equity
51,000

 
51,000

 

 
51,000

 
51,000

 

Selected balance sheet data (average)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets
$
512,434

 
$
463,404

 
11

 
507,833

 
$
459,108

 
11

Loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer & Business Banking
23,223

 
21,732

 
7

 
22,998

 
21,526

 
7

Home equity
55,615

 
64,502

 
(14
)
 
56,666

 
65,671

 
(14
)
Residential mortgage and other
175,753

 
132,649

 
32

 
172,224

 
126,687

 
36

Mortgage Banking
231,368

 
197,151

 
17

 
228,890

 
192,358

 
19

Credit Card
128,396

 
124,539

 
3

 
127,848

 
124,780

 
2

Auto
63,661

 
55,800

 
14

 
62,456

 
55,405

 
13

Student
7,757

 
8,907

 
(13
)
 
7,896

 
9,057

 
(13
)
Total loans
454,405

 
408,129

 
11

 
450,088

 
403,126

 
12

Core loans
356,380

 
290,330

 
23

 
350,042

 
282,498

 
24

Deposits
583,115

 
529,448

 
10

 
572,699

 
520,850

 
10

Common equity
51,000

 
51,000

 

 
51,000

 
51,000

 

Headcount
131,815

 
132,302

 

 
131,815

 
132,302

 
 %





21



Selected metrics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,
 
As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratio data)
2016


2015

 
Change
 
2016
 
2015
 
Change
Credit data and quality statistics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nonaccrual loans(a)(b)
$
4,980

 
$
5,876

 
(15
)%
 
$
4,980

 
$
5,876

 
(15
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net charge-offs(c)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer & Business Banking
53

 
68

 
(22
)
 
109

 
127

 
(14
)
Home equity
35

 
69

 
(49
)
 
94

 
156

 
(40
)
Residential mortgage and other
3

 
12

 
(75
)
 
4

 
29

 
(86
)
Mortgage Banking
38

 
81

 
(53
)
 
98

 
185

 
(47
)
Credit Card
860

 
800

 
8

 
1,690

 
1,589

 
6

Auto
46

 
32

 
44

 
113

 
83

 
36

Student
29

 
46

 
(37
)
 
66

 
97

 
(32
)
Total net charge-offs
$
1,026

 
$
1,027

 

 
2,076

 
$
2,081

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net charge-off rate(c)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer & Business Banking
0.92
%
 
1.26
%
 
 
 
0.95
%
 
1.19

 
 
Home equity(d)
0.34

 
0.57

 
 
 
0.45

 
0.64

 
 
Residential mortgage and other(d)
0.01

 
0.05

 
 
 
0.01

 
0.06

 
 
Mortgage Banking(d)
0.08

 
0.21

 
 
 
0.10

 
0.25

 
 
Credit Card(e)
2.70

 
2.61

 
 
 
2.66

 
2.61

 
 
Auto
0.29

 
0.23

 
 
 
0.36

 
0.30

 
 
Student
1.50

 
2.07

 
 
 
1.68

 
2.16

 
 
Total net charge-off rate(d)
0.99

 
1.14

 
 
 
1.02

 
1.18

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
30+ day delinquency rate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage Banking(f)(g)
1.33
%
 
1.95
%
 
 
 
1.33

 
1.95

 
 
Credit Card(h)
1.40

 
1.29

 
 
 
1.40

 
1.29

 
 
Auto
1.16

 
0.95

 
 
 
1.16

 
0.95

 
 
Student(i)
1.43

 
2.00

 
 
 
1.43

 
2.00

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
90+ day delinquency rate — Credit Card(h)
0.70

 
0.63

 
 
 
0.70

 
0.63

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for loan losses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer & Business Banking
$
703

 
$
703

 

 
$
703

 
$
703

 

Mortgage Banking excluding PCI loans
1,488

 
1,788

 
(17
)
 
1,488

 
1,788

 
(17
)
Mortgage Banking — PCI loans(c)
2,654

 
3,215

 
(17
)
 
2,654

 
3,215

 
(17
)
Credit Card
3,684

 
3,434

 
7

 
3,684

 
3,434

 
7

Auto
449

 
349

 
29

 
449

 
349

 
29

Student
274

 
349

 
(21
)
 
274

 
349

 
(21
)
Total allowance for loan losses(c)
$
9,252

 
$
9,838

 
(6)%

 
$
9,252

 
$
9,838

 
(6)%

(a)
Excludes PCI loans. The Firm is recognizing interest income on each pool of PCI loans as they are all performing.
(b)
At June 30, 2016 and 2015, nonaccrual loans excluded loans 90 or more days past due as follows: (1) mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies of $5.2 billion and $7.0 billion, respectively; and (2) student loans insured by U.S. government agencies under the Federal Family Education Loan Program (“FFELP”) of $252 million and $282 million, respectively. These amounts have been excluded based upon the government guarantee.
(c)
Net charge-offs and the net charge-off rates for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, excluded $41 million and $55 million, respectively, and for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, excluded $88 million and $110 million, respectively, of write-offs in the PCI portfolio. These write-offs decreased the allowance for loan losses for PCI loans. For further information on PCI write-offs, see summary of changes in the allowances on page 56.
(d)
Excludes the impact of PCI loans. For the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, the net charge-off rates including the impact of PCI loans were as follows: (1) home equity of 0.25% and 0.43%, respectively; (2) residential mortgage and other of 0.01% and 0.04%, respectively; (3) Mortgage Banking of 0.07% and 0.17%, respectively; and (4) total CCB of 0.91% and 1.01%, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, the net charge-off rates including the impact of PCI loans were as follows: (1) home equity of 0.33% and 0.48%, respectively; (2) residential mortgage and other of –% and 0.05%, respectively; (3) Mortgage Banking of 0.09% and 0.19%, respectively; and (4) total CCB of 0.93% and 1.05%, respectively.
(e)
Average credit card loans included loans held-for-sale of $82 million and $1.8 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $77 million and $2.2 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. These amounts are excluded when calculating the net charge-off rate.
(f)
At June 30, 2016 and 2015, excluded mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies of $7.2 billion and $8.8 billion, respectively, that are 30 or more days past due. These amounts have been excluded based upon the government guarantee.
(g)
Excludes PCI loans. The 30+ day delinquency rate for PCI loans was 10.09% and 11.65% at June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
(h)
Period-end credit card loans included loans held-for-sale of $84 million and $1.3 billion at June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. These amounts are excluded when calculating delinquency rates.
(i)
Excluded student loans insured by U.S. government agencies under FFELP of $458 million and $546 million at June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, that are 30 or more days past due. These amounts have been excluded based upon the government guarantee.

22



Selected metrics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,
 
As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in billions, except ratios and where otherwise noted)
2016

 
2015

 
Change
 
2016

 
2015

 
Change
Business Metrics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CCB households (in millions)
59.2

 
57.8

 
2
 %
 
59.2

 
57.8

 
2
 %
Number of branches
5,366

 
5,504

 
(3
)
 
5,366

 
5,504

 
(3
)
Active digital customers
(in thousands)(a)
42,833

 
37,878

 
13

 
42,833

 
37,878

 
13

Active mobile customers
(in thousands)(b)
24,817

 
21,001

 
18

 
24,817

 
21,001

 
18

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer & Business Banking
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average deposits
$
567.4

 
$
512.8

 
11

 
$
557.9

 
505.3

 
10

Deposit margin
1.80
%
 
1.92
%
 
 
 
1.83
%
 
1.95
%
 
 
Business banking origination volume
$
2.2

 
$
1.9

 
14

 
$
3.9

 
$
3.5

 
12

Client investment assets
224.7

 
221.5

 
1

 
224.7

 
221.5

 
1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage Banking
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage origination volume by channel
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retail
$
11.2

 
$
9.8

 
14

 
$
19.9

 
$
17.9

 
11

Correspondent
13.8

 
19.5

 
(29
)
 
27.5

 
36.1

 
(24
)
Total mortgage origination volume(c)
$
25.0

 
$
29.3

 
(15
)
 
$
47.4

 
$
54.0

 
(12
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans serviced (period-end)
$
880.3

 
$
917.0

 
(4
)
 
$
880.3

 
$
917.0

 
(4
)
Third-party mortgage loans serviced (period-end)
629.9

 
723.4

 
(13
)
 
629.9

 
723.4

 
(13
)
MSR carrying value (period-end)
5.1

 
7.6

 
(33
)
 
5.1

 
7.6

 
(33
)
Ratio of MSR carrying value (period-end) to third-party mortgage loans serviced
(period-end)
0.81
%
 
1.05
%
 
 
 
0.81
%
 
1.05
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MSR revenue multiple(d)
2.31
x
 
3.00
x
 
 
 
2.31
x
 
3.00
x
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit Card, excluding Commercial Card
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sales volume
$
136.0

 
$
125.7

 
8

 
$
257.7

 
$
238.5

 
8

New accounts opened
(in millions)
2.7

 
2.1

 
29

 
5.0

 
4.2

 
19

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Card Services
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net revenue rate
12.28
%
 
12.35
%
 
 
 
12.04
%
 
12.27
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commerce Solutions
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Merchant processing volume
$
263.8

 
$
234.1

 
13

 
$
511.3

 
$
455.3

 
12

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Auto
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loan and lease origination volume
$
8.5

 
$
7.8

 
9

 
$
18.1

 
$
15.1

 
20

Average Auto operating lease assets
10.4

 
7.4

 
40%

 
10.0

 
7.2

 
40%

(a)
Users of all web and/or mobile platforms who have logged in within the past 90 days.
(b)
Users of all mobile platforms who have logged in within the past 90 days.
(c)
Firmwide mortgage origination volume was $28.6 billion and $31.7 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $53.0 billion and $58.3 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
(d)
Represents the ratio of MSR carrying value (period-end) to third-party mortgage loans serviced (period-end) divided by the ratio of annualized loan servicing-related revenue to third-party mortgage loans serviced (average).

23



Mortgage servicing-related matters
The Firm entered into various Consent Orders and settlements with federal and state governmental agencies and private parties related to mortgage servicing, origination, and residential mortgage-backed securities activities. The majority of these Consent Orders and settlements have subsequently been resolved and/or terminated; however, among those obligations, the mortgage servicing-related Consent Order entered into with the Federal Reserve on April 13, 2011, as amended on February 28, 2013 remains outstanding. The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors provides governance and oversight of the Federal Reserve Consent Order.
The Federal Reserve Consent Order and certain other obligations under mortgage-related settlements are the subject of ongoing reporting to various regulators and independent overseers. The Firm’s compliance with certain of these settlements is detailed in periodic reports published by the independent overseers. The Firm is committed to fulfilling these commitments with appropriate due diligence and oversight.



24


CORPORATE & INVESTMENT BANK
For a discussion of the business profile of CIB, see pages 94–98 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report and Line of Business Metrics on page 174.
Selected income statement data
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios)
2016

 
2015

 
Change
 
2016
 
2015
 
Change
Revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment banking fees
$
1,636

 
$
1,825

 
(10
)%
 
$
2,957

 
$
3,586

 
(18
)%
Principal transactions
2,965

 
2,657

 
12

 
5,435

 
6,139

 
(11
)
Lending- and deposit-related fees
385

 
400

 
(4
)
 
779

 
797

 
(2
)
Asset management, administration and commissions
1,025

 
1,181

 
(13
)
 
2,094

 
2,335

 
(10
)
All other income
464

 
170

 
173

 
744

 
450

 
65

Noninterest revenue
6,475

 
6,233

 
4

 
12,009

 
13,307

 
(10
)
Net interest income
2,690

 
2,490

 
8

 
5,291

 
4,998

 
6

Total net revenue(a)
9,165

 
8,723

 
5

 
17,300

 
18,305

 
(5
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for credit losses
235

 
50

 
370

 
694

 
19

 
NM

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noninterest expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation expense
2,737

 
2,656

 
3

 
5,337

 
5,679

 
(6
)
Noncompensation expense
2,341

 
2,481

 
(6
)
 
4,549

 
5,115

 
(11
)
Total noninterest expense
5,078

 
5,137

 
(1
)
 
9,886

 
10,794

 
(8
)
Income before income tax expense
3,852

 
3,536

 
9

 
6,720

 
7,492

 
(10
)
Income tax expense
1,359

 
1,195

 
14

 
2,248

 
2,614

 
(14
)
Net income
$
2,493

 
$
2,341

 
6%

 
$
4,472

 
$
4,878

 
(8
)%
Financial ratios
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on common equity
15
%
 
14
%
 
 
 
13
%
 
15
%
 
 
Overhead ratio
55

 
59

 
 
 
57

 
59
%
 
 
Compensation expense as a percentage of total net revenue
30

 
30

 
 
 
31

 
31

 
 
(a)
Included tax-equivalent adjustments, predominantly due to income tax credits related to alternative energy investments; income tax credits and amortization of the cost of investments in affordable housing projects; as well as tax-exempt income from municipal bonds of $476 million and $396 million for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively and $974 million and $828 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Selected income statement data
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2016
 
2015
 
Change
 
2016
 
2015
 
Change
Revenue by business
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment Banking
$
1,492

 
$
1,746

 
(15
)%
 
$
2,723

 
$
3,376

 
(19
)%
Treasury Services
892

 
901

 
(1
)
 
1,776

 
1,831

 
(3
)
Lending
277

 
302

 
(8
)
 
579

 
737

 
(21
)
Total Banking
2,661

 
2,949

 
(10
)
 
5,078

 
5,944

 
(15
)
Fixed Income Markets
3,959

 
2,931

 
35

 
7,556

 
7,085

 
7

Equity Markets
1,600

 
1,576

 
2

 
3,176

 
3,227

 
(2
)
Securities Services
907

 
995

 
(9
)
 
1,788

 
1,929

 
(7
)
Credit Adjustments & Other(a)
38

 
272

 
(86
)
 
(298
)
 
120

 
NM

Total Markets & Investor Services
6,504

 
5,774

 
13

 
12,222

 
12,361

 
(1
)
Total net revenue
$
9,165

 
$
8,723

 
5
 %
 
$
17,300

 
$
18,305

 
(5)%

(a)
Effective January 1, 2016, consists primarily of credit valuation adjustments (“CVA”) managed by the Credit Portfolio Group, funding valuation adjustments (“FVA”) and DVA on derivatives. Prior periods also include DVA on fair value option elected liabilities. Results are presented net of associated hedging activities and net of CVA and FVA amounts allocated to Fixed Income Markets and Equity Markets. Effective January 1, 2016, changes in DVA on fair value option elected liabilities is recognized in other comprehensive income. For additional information, see Notes 3, 4 and 19.


25


Quarterly results
Net income was $2.5 billion, up 6%, reflecting higher net revenue, partially offset by higher provisions for credit losses.
Banking revenue was $2.7 billion, down 10%. Investment banking revenue was $1.5 billion, down 15%, largely driven by lower equity underwriting fees. The Firm maintained its #1 ranking for Global Investment Banking fees, according to Dealogic. Equity underwriting fees were down 37% compared to a strong quarter in the prior year, on lower industry-wide fee levels. Debt underwriting fees were down 2% driven by declines in industry-wide fee levels. Lending revenue was $277 million, down 8%, reflecting fair value losses on hedges of accrual loans.
Markets & Investor Services revenue was $6.5 billion, up 13%. Fixed Income Markets revenue was $4.0 billion, up 35% reflecting strong performance in Rates and Currencies & Emerging Markets on higher client flows driven by increased issuance-related activity, improved global emerging market sentiment and increased volumes in foreign exchange markets. Performance in Credit and Securitized Products also improved as client risk appetite recovered in a less volatile environment driving higher primary and secondary market activity. Securities Services revenue was $907 million, down 9%, driven by lower fees and commissions. Credit Adjustments & Other was a gain of $38 million, compared with a gain of $272 million in the prior year. The prior year quarter included gains on wider funding spreads.
The provision for credit losses was $235 million, compared with $50 million in the prior year, primarily reflecting an increase in the allowance for credit losses in the Oil & Gas portfolio driven by a single name.
Noninterest expense was $5.1 billion, down 1%.

 
Year-to-date results
Net income was $4.5 billion, down 8%, reflecting lower net revenue and higher provisions for credit losses, largely offset by lower noninterest expense.
Banking revenue was $5.1 billion, down 15%. Investment banking revenue was $2.7 billion, down 19%. The decrease was primarily driven by lower equity and debt underwriting fees. Equity underwriting fees were $490 million, down 42% driven by declines in industry-wide fee levels. Debt underwriting fees were $1.4 billion, down 18%, primarily driven by declines in industry-wide fee levels and fewer large acquisition financing deals. Advisory fees were $1.1 billion, up 4%, driven by a greater share of fees for completed transactions. Treasury Services revenue was $1.8 billion, down 3%, primarily driven by business simplification. Lending revenue was $579 million, down 21%, reflecting fair value losses on hedges of accrual loans.
Markets & Investor Services revenue was $12.2 billion, down 1%. Fixed Income Markets revenue of $7.6 billion was up 7% reflecting strong performance in Rates on higher client flows driven by increased issuance-related activity as well as continued demand in Japan driven by ongoing monetary easing. Performance in Credit and Securitized Products also improved as client risk appetite recovered in a less volatile environment driving higher primary and secondary market activity. Equity Markets revenue of $3.2 billion was down 2% compared to a strong prior year, particularly in Asia. Securities Services revenue was $1.8 billion, down 7%, largely driven by lower fees and commissions. Credit Adjustments & Other was a loss of $298 million on widening credit spreads compared with a gain of $120 million in the prior year.
The provision for credit losses was $694 million, compared with $19 million in the prior year, primarily reflecting increases in the allowance for credit losses in the Oil & Gas portfolio and, to a lesser extent, the Metals & Mining portfolio.
Noninterest expense was $9.9 billion, down 8%, primarily driven by lower compensation and lower legal expense.


26


Selected metrics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,
 
As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except headcount)
2016
 
2015
 
Change
 
2016
 
2015
 
Change
Selected balance sheet data (period-end)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
$
826,019

 
$
819,745

 
1
 %
 
$
826,019

 
$
819,745

 
1
 %
Loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans retained(a)
112,637

 
96,579

 
17

 
112,637

 
96,579

 
17

Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value
5,600

 
7,211

 
(22
)
 
5,600

 
7,211

 
(22
)
Total loans
118,237

 
103,790

 
14

 
118,237

 
103,790

 
14

Core loans
117,821

 
103,235

 
14

 
117,821

 
103,235

 
14

Common equity
64,000

 
62,000

 
3

 
64,000

 
62,000

 
3

Selected balance sheet data (average)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
$
815,886

 
$
845,225

 
(3
)
 
$
806,717

 
$
855,220

 
(6
)
Trading assets-debt and equity instruments
306,418

 
317,385

 
(3
)
 
295,770

 
314,837

 
(6
)
Trading assets-derivative receivables
61,457

 
68,949

 
(11
)
 
62,007

 
73,128

 
(15
)
Loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans retained(a)
111,668

 
94,711

 
18

 
110,190

 
96,900

 
14

Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value
3,169

 
5,504

 
(42
)
 
3,187

 
4,786

 
(33
)
Total loans
114,837

 
100,215

 
15

 
113,377

 
101,686

 
11

Core loans
114,421

 
99,343

 
15

 
112,919

 
100,690

 
12

Common equity
64,000

 
62,000

 
3

 
64,000

 
62,000

 
3

Headcount
48,805

 
49,367

 
(1
)%
 
48,805

 
49,367

 
(1
)%
(a)
Loans retained includes credit portfolio loans, loans held by consolidated Firm-administered multi-seller conduits, trade finance loans, other held-for-investment loans and overdrafts.
Selected metrics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,
 
As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios)
2016
 
2015
 
Change
 
2016
 
2015
 
Change
Credit data and quality statistics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net charge-offs/(recoveries)
$
90

 
$
(15
)
 
NM

 
$
136

 
$
(26
)
 
NM

Nonperforming assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nonaccrual loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nonaccrual loans retained(a)
623

 
324

 
92%

 
623

 
324

 
92

Nonaccrual loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value
7

 
12

 
(42
)
 
7

 
12

 
(42
)
Total nonaccrual loans
630

 
336

 
88

 
630

 
336

 
88

Derivative receivables
220

 
256

 
(14
)
 
220

 
256

 
(14
)
Assets acquired in loan satisfactions
75

 
60

 
25

 
75

 
60

 
25

Total nonperforming assets
925

 
652

 
42

 
925

 
652

 
42

Allowance for credit losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for loan losses
1,669

 
1,086

 
54

 
1,669

 
1,086

 
54

Allowance for lending-related commitments
715

 
437

 
64

 
715

 
437

 
64

Total allowance for credit losses
2,384

 
1,523

 
57%

 
2,384

 
1,523

 
57%

Net charge-off/(recovery) rate
0.32%

 
(0.06
)%
 
 
 
0.25%

 
(0.05
)%
 
 
Allowance for loan losses to period-end loans retained
1.48

 
1.12

 
 
 
1.48

 
1.12

 
 
Allowance for loan losses to period-end loans retained, excluding trade finance and conduits(b)
2.23

 
1.73

 
 
 
2.23

 
1.73

 
 
Allowance for loan losses to nonaccrual loans retained(a)
268

 
335

 
 
 
268

 
335

 
 
Nonaccrual loans to total period-end loans
0.53
%
 
0.32
 %
 
 
 
0.53
%
 
0.32
 %
 
 
(a)
Allowance for loan losses of $211 million and $64 million were held against these nonaccrual loans at June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
(b)
Management uses allowance for loan losses to period-end loans retained, excluding trade finance and conduits, a non-GAAP financial measure, to provide a more meaningful assessment of CIB’s allowance coverage ratio.

27


Business metrics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2016
 
2015
 
Change
 
2016
 
2015
 
Change
Advisory
$
466

 
$
466

 

 
$
1,051

 
$
1,008

 
4%

Equity underwriting
285

 
452

 
(37
)
 
490

 
851

 
(42
)
Debt underwriting
885

 
907

 
(2
)
 
1,416

 
1,727

 
(18
)
Total investment banking fees
$
1,636

 
$
1,825

 
(10)%

 
$
2,957

 
$
3,586

 
(18)%

League table results – wallet share
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six months ended
June 30, 2016
 
Full-year 2015
 

Share
Rank
 

Share
Rank
Based on fees(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt, equity and equity-related
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Global
7.1
%
 
#
1

 
 
7.7
%
 
#
1

U.S.
11.7

 
1

 
 
11.7

 
1

Long-term debt(b)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Global
7.0

 
1

 
 
8.3

 
1

U.S.
11.1

 
2

 
 
12.0

 
1

Equity and equity-related
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Global(c)
7.3

 
1

 
 
7.0

 
1

U.S.
13.0

 
1

 
 
11.2

 
1

M&A(d)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Global
9.9

 
2

 
 
8.4

 
2

U.S.
11.7

 
2

 
 
9.9

 
2

Loan syndications
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Global
7.3

 
2

 
 
7.5

 
1

U.S.
9.1

 
2

 
 
10.7

 
2

Global investment banking fees(e)
8.0
%
 
#
1

 
 
7.9
%
 
#
1

(a)
Source: Dealogic. Reflects the ranking of revenue wallet and market share.
(b)
Long-term debt rankings include investment-grade, high-yield, supranationals, sovereigns, agencies, covered bonds, asset-backed securities (“ABS”) and mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”); and exclude money market, short-term debt, and U.S. municipal securities.
(c)
Global equity and equity-related ranking includes rights offerings and Chinese A-Shares.
(d)
Global M&A reflects the removal of any withdrawn transactions. U.S. M&A revenue wallet represents wallet from client parents based in the U.S.
(e)
Global investment banking fees exclude money market, short-term debt and shelf deals
Business metrics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,
 
As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except where otherwise noted)
2016
 
2015
 
Change
 
2016
 
2015
 
Change
Assets under custody (“AUC”) by asset class (period-end)(in billions):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed Income
$
12,539

 
$
12,134

 
3%

 
$
12,539

 
$
12,134

 
3%

Equity
6,138

 
6,652

 
(8
)
 
6,138

 
6,652

 
(8
)
Other(a)
1,793

 
1,711

 
5

 
1,793

 
1,711

 
5

Total AUC
$
20,470

 
$
20,497

 

 
$
20,470

 
$
20,497

 

Client deposits and other third party liabilities (average)(b)
$
373,671

 
$
401,280

 
(7
)
 
$
366,299

 
$
422,607

 
(13
)
Trade finance loans (period-end)
17,362

 
21,195

 
(18
)%
 
17,362

 
21,195

 
(18
)%
(a)
Consists of mutual funds, unit investment trusts, currencies, annuities, insurance contracts, options and other contracts.
(b)
Client deposits and other third party liabilities pertain to the Treasury Services and Securities Services businesses.


28


International metrics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,
 
As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except where otherwise noted)
2016
 
2015
 
Change
 
2016
 
2015
 
Change
Total net revenue(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Europe/Middle East/Africa
$
2,823

 
$
2,685

 
5
 %
 
$
5,280

 
$
6,181

 
(15
)%
Asia/Pacific
1,210

 
1,358

 
(11
)
 
2,512

 
2,621

 
(4
)
Latin America/Caribbean
403

 
220

 
83

 
724

 
551

 
31

Total international net revenue
4,436

 
4,263

 
4

 
8,516

 
9,353

 
(9
)
North America
4,729

 
4,460

 
6

 
8,784

 
8,952

 
(2
)
Total net revenue
$
9,165

 
$
8,723

 
5

 
$
17,300

 
$
18,305

 
(5
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans retained (period-end)(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Europe/Middle East/Africa
$
29,770

 
$
25,874

 
15

 
$
29,770

 
$
25,874

 
15

Asia/Pacific
15,198

 
17,430

 
(13
)
 
15,198

 
17,430

 
(13
)
Latin America/Caribbean
9,048

 
8,768

 
3

 
9,048

 
8,768

 
3

Total international loans
54,016

 
52,072

 
4

 
54,016

 
52,072

 
4

North America
58,621

 
44,507

 
32

 
58,621

 
44,507

 
32

Total loans retained
$
112,637

 
$
96,579

 
17

 
$
112,637

 
$
96,579

 
17

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Client deposits and other third-party liabilities (average)(a)(b)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Europe/Middle East/Africa
$
135,213

 
$
149,055

 
(9
)
 
$
131,655

 
$
154,217

 
(15
)
Asia/Pacific
68,423

 
64,860

 
5

 
65,569

 
67,872

 
(3
)
Latin America/Caribbean
22,334

 
23,518

 
(5
)
 
22,431

 
23,480

 
(4
)
Total international
$
225,970

 
$
237,433

 
(5
)
 
$
219,655

 
$
245,569

 
(11
)
North America
147,701

 
163,847

 
(10
)
 
146,644

 
177,038

 
(17
)
Total client deposits and other third-party liabilities
$
373,671

 
$
401,280

 
(7
)
 
$
366,299

 
$
422,607

 
(13
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AUC (period-end) (in billions)(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
North America
$
12,310

 
$
12,068

 
2

 
$
12,310

 
$
12,068

 
2

All other regions
8,160

 
8,429

 
(3
)
 
8,160

 
8,429

 
(3
)
Total AUC
$
20,470

 
$
20,497

 

 
$
20,470

 
$
20,497

 

(a)
Total net revenue is based predominantly on the domicile of the client or location of the trading desk, as applicable. Loans outstanding (excluding loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value), client deposits and other third-party liabilities, and AUC are based predominantly on the domicile of the client.
(b)
Client deposits and other third party liabilities pertain to the Treasury Services and Securities Services businesses.

29


COMMERCIAL BANKING
For a discussion of the business profile of CB, see pages 99–101 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report and Line of Business Metrics on page 175.
Selected income statement data
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2016
 
2015
 
Change
 
2016
 
2015
 
Change
Revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lending- and deposit-related fees
$
227

 
$
242

 
(6
)%
 
$
459

 
$
479

 
(4
)%
Asset management, administration and commissions
18

 
22

 
(18
)
 
40

 
46

 
(13
)
All other income(a)
341

 
345

 
(1
)
 
643

 
720

 
(11
)
Noninterest revenue
586

 
609

 
(4
)
 
1,142

 
1,245

 
(8
)
Net interest income
1,231

 
1,130

 
9

 
2,478

 
2,236

 
11

Total net revenue(b)
1,817

 
1,739

 
4

 
3,620

 
3,481

 
4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for credit losses
(25
)
 
182

 
NM

 
279

 
243

 
15

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noninterest expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation expense
322

 
308

 
5

 
656

 
617

 
6

Noncompensation expense
409

 
395

 
4

 
788

 
795

 
(1
)
Total noninterest expense
731

 
703

 
4

 
1,444

 
1,412

 
2

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income before income tax expense
1,111

 
854

 
30

 
1,897

 
1,826

 
4

Income tax expense
415

 
329

 
26

 
705

 
703

 

Net income
$
696

 
$
525

 
33%

 
$
1,192

 
$
1,123

 
6%

(a)
Includes revenue from investment banking products and commercial card transactions.
(b)
Total net revenue included tax-equivalent adjustments from income tax credits related to equity investments in designated community development entities that provide loans to qualified businesses in low-income communities, as well as tax-exempt income related to municipal financing activity of $124 million and $115 million for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively and $244 million and $228 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Quarterly results
Net income was $696 million, an increase of 33%, driven by higher net revenue and a lower provision for credit losses, partially offset by higher noninterest expense.
Net revenue was $1.8 billion, an increase of 4%. Net interest income was $1.2 billion, up 9%, driven by higher average loan balances and deposit spreads.
Noninterest expense was $731 million, up 4%, driven by continued investments in technology and increased hiring of bankers.
The provision for credit losses was a benefit of $25 million, compared to an expense of $182 million in the prior-year. The current quarter benefit reflects continued strong overall credit performance in the portfolio and somewhat more stable market conditions in Oil & Gas while the prior year reflected select downgrades.
 
Year-to-date results
Net income was $1.2 billion, an increase of 6%, driven by higher net revenue, partially offset by a higher provision for credit losses and higher noninterest expense.
Net revenue was $3.6 billion, up 4%. Net interest income was $2.5 billion, up 11%, reflecting higher average loan balances and deposit spreads. Noninterest revenue was $1.1 billion, down 8%, driven by lower investment banking revenue compared to a record first half last year.
Noninterest expense was $1.4 billion, up 2%, driven by investments in technology, increased hiring of bankers, and prior year additions to oversight- and control-related personnel.
The provision for credit losses was $279 million reflecting downgrades in the Oil & Gas and Natural Gas Pipeline portfolios; the prior year provision for credit losses was $243 million.


30


Selected income statement data (continued)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios)
2016
 
2015
 
Change
 
2016
 
2015
 
Change
Revenue by product
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lending
$
917

 
$
867

 
6
 %
 
$
1,845

 
$
1,692

 
9
 %
Treasury services
680

 
646

 
5

 
1,374

 
1,293

 
6

Investment banking(a)
207

 
196

 
6

 
362

 
444

 
(18
)
Other
13

 
30

 
(57
)
 
39

 
52

 
(25
)
Total Commercial Banking net revenue
$
1,817

 
$
1,739

 
4

 
$
3,620

 
$
3,481

 
4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment banking revenue, gross(b)
$
595

 
$
589

 
1

 
$
1,078

 
$
1,342

 
(20
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue by client segment
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Middle Market Banking(c)
$
698

 
$
679

 
3

 
$
1,405

 
$
1,344

 
5

Corporate Client Banking(c)
562

 
541

 
4

 
1,073

 
1,117

 
(4
)
Commercial Term Lending
342

 
318

 
8

 
703

 
626

 
12

Real Estate Banking
144

 
117

 
23

 
284

 
233

 
22

Other
71

 
84

 
(15
)
 
155

 
161

 
(4
)
Total Commercial Banking net revenue
$
1,817

 
$
1,739

 
4
 %
 
$
3,620

 
$
3,481

 
4
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial ratios
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on common equity
16%

 
14
%
 
 
 
14
%
 
15
%
 
 
Overhead ratio
40

 
40

 
 
 
40

 
41

 
 
(a)
Revenue by product includes total Firm revenue from investment banking products sold to CB clients, net of revenue sharing with the CIB.
(b)
Total Firm revenue from investment banking products sold to CB clients.
(c)
Effective in the second quarter of 2016, certain clients were transferred from Middle Market Banking to Corporate Client Banking. Prior period amounts were revised to conform with the current period presentation.

31


Selected metrics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,
 
As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except headcount)
2016
2015
Change
 
2016
2015
Change
Selected balance sheet data (period-end)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets
$
208,151

$
201,377

3
 %
 
$
208,151

$
201,377

3
 %
Loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans retained
179,164

157,947

13

 
179,164

157,947

13

Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value
134

1,506

(91
)
 
134

1,506

(91
)
Total loans
$
179,298

$
159,453

12

 
$
179,298

$
159,453

12

Core loans
178,809

158,568

13

 
178,809

158,568

13

Common equity
16,000

14,000

14

 
16,000

14,000

14

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Period-end loans by client segment
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Middle Market Banking(a)
$
51,951

$
50,735

2

 
$
51,951

$
50,735

2

Corporate Client Banking(a)
36,011

31,149

16

 
36,011

31,149

16

Commercial Term Lending
66,499

58,314

14

 
66,499

58,314

14

Real Estate Banking
19,233

14,231

35

 
19,233

14,231

35

Other
5,604

5,024

12

 
5,604

5,024

12

Total Commercial Banking loans
$
179,298

$
159,453

12

 
$
179,298

$
159,453

12

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Selected balance sheet data (average)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets
$
205,953

$
198,740

4

 
$
204,222

$
197,341

3

Loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans retained
176,229

155,110

14

 
173,033

152,435

14

Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value
583

870

(33
)
 
516

715

(28
)
Total loans
$
176,812

$
155,980

13

 
$
173,549

$
153,150

13

Core loans
176,251

155,016

14

 
172,939

152,143

14

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average loans by client segment
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Middle Market Banking(a)
$
51,939

$
50,438

3

 
$
51,248

$
49,983

3

Corporate Client Banking(a)
35,664

29,988

19

 
34,728

28,834

20

Commercial Term Lending
65,262

56,814

15

 
64,369

55,790

15

Real Estate Banking
18,381

13,732

34

 
17,701

13,603

30

Other
5,566

5,008

11

 
5,503

4,940

11

Total Commercial Banking loans
$
176,812

$
155,980

13
 %
 
$
173,549

$
153,150

13
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Client deposits and other third-party liabilities
170,717

197,004

(13
)
 
171,898

203,489

(16
)
Common equity
16,000

14,000

14

 
16,000

14,000

14

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Headcount
8,127

7,568

7
 %
 
8,127

7,568

7
 %
(a)
Effective in the second quarter of 2016, certain clients were transferred from Middle Market Banking to Corporate Client Banking. Prior period amounts were revised to conform with the current period presentation.

32


Selected metrics (continued)
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,
 
As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios)
2016
2015
Change
 
2016

 
2015

 
Change
Credit data and quality statistics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net charge-offs/(recoveries)
$
60

$
(4
)
NM

 
$
66

 
$
7

 
NM

Nonperforming assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nonaccrual loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nonaccrual loans retained(a)
1,258

384

228

 
1,258

 
384

 
228

Nonaccrual loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value

14

(100
)
 

 
14

 
(100
)
Total nonaccrual loans
1,258

398

216

 
1,258

 
398

 
216

Assets acquired in loan satisfactions
1

5

(80
)
 
1

 
5

 
(80
)
Total nonperforming assets
1,259

403

212

 
1,259

 
403

 
212

Allowance for credit losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for loan losses
3,041

2,705

12

 
3,041

 
2,705

 
12

Allowance for lending-related commitments
226

163

39

 
226

 
163

 
39

Total allowance for credit losses
3,267

2,868

14
 %
 
3,267

 
2,868

 
14
 %
Net charge-off/(recovery) rate(b)
0.14
%
(0.01
)%
 
 
0.08
%
 
0.01
%
 
 
Allowance for loan losses to period-end loans retained
1.70

1.71

 
 
1.70

 
1.71

 
 
Allowance for loan losses to nonaccrual loans retained(a)
242

704

 
 
242

 
704

 
 
Nonaccrual loans to period-end total loans
0.70

0.25

 
 
0.70

 
0.25

 
 
(a)
Allowance for loan losses of $292 million and $42 million was held against nonaccrual loans retained at June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
(b)
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value were excluded when calculating the net charge-off/(recovery) rate.

33


ASSET MANAGEMENT
For a discussion of the business profile of AM, see pages 102–104 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report and Line of Business Metrics on pages 175–176.
Selected income statement data
 
 
 
 
(in millions, except ratios)
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
2016
2015
Change
 
2016

2015

Change
Revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset management, administration and commissions
$
2,102

$
2,381

(12
)%
 
$
4,118

$
4,610

(11
)%
All other income
90

163

(45
)
 
319

318


Noninterest revenue
2,192

2,544

(14
)
 
4,437

4,928

(10
)
Net interest income
747

631

18

 
1,474

1,252

18

Total net revenue
2,939

3,175

(7
)
 
5,911

6,180

(4
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for credit losses
(8
)

NM

 
5

4

25

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noninterest expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation expense
1,249

1,299

(4
)
 
2,490

2,588

(4
)
Noncompensation expense
849

1,107

(23
)
 
1,683

1,993

(16
)
Total noninterest expense
2,098

2,406

(13
)
 
4,173

4,581

(9
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income before income tax expense
849

769

10

 
1,733

1,595

9

Income tax expense
328

318

3

 
625

642

(3
)
Net income
$
521

$
451

16

 
$
1,108

$
953

16

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue by line of business
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Global Investment Management
$
1,424

$
1,670

(15
)
 
$
2,923

$
3,203

(9
)
Global Wealth Management
1,515

1,505

1

 
2,988

2,977


Total net revenue
$
2,939

$
3,175

(7
)%
 
$
5,911

$
6,180

(4
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial ratios
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on common equity
22
%
19
%
 
 
24
%
21
%
 
Overhead ratio
71

76

 
 
71

74

 
Pre-tax margin ratio:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Global Investment Management
30

26

 
 
31

28

 
Global Wealth Management
28

22

 
 
27

24

 
Asset Management
29

24

 
 
29

26

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Quarterly results
Net income was $521 million, an increase of 16%, reflecting lower noninterest expense predominantly offset by lower net revenue.
Net revenue was $2.9 billion, a decrease of 7%, driven by weaker markets, lower performance fees and lower brokerage activity.
Noninterest expense was $2.1 billion, a decrease of 13%, primarily driven by lower legal expense. The prior-year quarter also included a loss on an asset held-for-sale.
 
Year-to-date results
Net income was $1.1 billion, an increase of 16%, reflecting lower noninterest expense, largely offset by lower revenue.
Net revenue was $5.9 billion, a decrease of 4%. Net interest income was $1.5 billion, up 18%, driven by higher deposit spreads and loan growth. Noninterest revenue was $4.4 billion, down 10%, driven by weaker markets and lower brokerage activity.
Noninterest expense was $4.2 billion, a decrease of 9%, due to lower legal expense as well as a reduction of expense related to the disposal of assets.


34


Selected metrics
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,
 
As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except ranking data, headcount and ratios)
2016
2015
Change
 
2016

2015

Change
% of JPM mutual fund assets rated as 4- or 5-star(a)
52
%
54
%
 
 
52
%
54
%
 
% of JPM mutual fund assets ranked in 1st or 2nd quartile:(b)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1 year
54

78

 
 
54

78

 
3 years
76

64

 
 
76

64

 
5 years
81

78

 
 
81

78

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Selected balance sheet data (period-end)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets
$
134,380

$
134,059

 %
 
$
134,380

$
134,059

 %
Loans(c)
113,319

109,336

4

 
113,319

109,336

4

Core loans
113,319

109,336

4

 
113,319

109,336

4

Deposits
148,967

141,179

6

 
148,967

141,179

6

Common equity
9,000

9,000


 
9,000

9,000


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Selected balance sheet data (average)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets
$
131,529

$
130,548

1

 
$
130,659

$
128,424

2

Loans
111,704

107,250

4

 
111,101

105,279

6

Core loans
111,704

107,250

4

 
111,101

105,279

6

Deposits
151,214

152,563

(1
)
 
150,915

155,386

(3
)
Common equity
9,000

9,000


 
9,000

9,000


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Headcount
20,897

20,237

3

 
20,897

20,237

3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Number of client advisors
2,622

2,746

(5
)
 
2,622

2,746

(5
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit data and quality statistics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net charge-offs
$
2

$
(1
)
NM

 
$
11

$
2

450

Nonaccrual loans
254

209

22

 
254

209

22

Allowance for credit losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for loan losses
258

273

(5
)
 
258

273

(5
)
Allowance for lending-related commitments
4

5

(20
)
 
4

5

(20
)
Total allowance for credit losses
262

278

(6
)%
 
262

278

(6
)%
Net charge-off rate
0.01
%

 
 
0.02
%

 
Allowance for loan losses to period-end loans
0.23

0.25

 
 
0.23

0.25

 
Allowance for loan losses to nonaccrual loans
102

131

 
 
102

131

 
Nonaccrual loans to period-end loans
0.22

0.19

 
 
0.22

0.19

 
(a)
Represents the “overall star rating” derived from Morningstar for the U.S., the U.K., Luxembourg, Hong Kong and Taiwan domiciled funds; and Nomura “star rating” for Japan domiciled funds. Includes only Global Investment Management retail open ended mutual funds that have a rating. Excludes money market funds, Undiscovered Managers Fund, and Brazil and India domiciled funds.
(b)
Quartile ranking sourced from: Lipper for the U.S. and Taiwan domiciled funds; Morningstar for the U.K., Luxembourg and Hong Kong domiciled funds; Nomura for Japan domiciled funds and Fund Doctor for South Korea domiciled funds. Includes only Global Investment Management retail open ended mutual funds that are ranked by the aforementioned sources. Excludes money market funds, Undiscovered Managers Fund, and Brazil and India domiciled funds.
(c)
Included $29.2 billion and $24.0 billion of prime mortgage loans reported in the Consumer, excluding credit card, loan portfolio at June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

35


Client assets
Client assets of $2.3 trillion and assets under management of $1.7 trillion were down 3% and 5%, respectively, due to the effect of lower market levels, outflows from liquidity products and asset sales.
Client assets
June 30,
(in billions)
2016

2015

Change
Assets by asset class
 
 
 
Liquidity
$
426

$
466

(9
)%
Fixed income
383

357

7

Equity
342

380

(10
)
Multi-asset and alternatives
542

578

(6
)
Total assets under management
1,693

1,781

(5
)
Custody/brokerage/administration/deposits
651

642

1

Total client assets
$
2,344

$
2,423

(3
)
 
 
 
 
Memo:
 
 
 
Alternatives client assets(a)
$
151

$
173

(13
)
 
 
 
 
Assets by client segment
 
 
 
Private Banking
$
425

$
452

(6
)
Institutional
811

830

(2
)
Retail
457

499

(8
)
Total assets under management
$
1,693

$
1,781

(5
)
 
 
 
 
Private Banking
$
1,058

$
1,080

(2
)
Institutional
827

838

(1
)
Retail
459

505

(9
)
Total client assets
$
2,344

$
2,423

(3
)%
(a)
Represents assets under management, as well as client balances in brokerage accounts.
Client assets (continued)

Three months
ended June 30,
 
Six months
ended June 30,
(in billions)
2016
2015
 
2016

2015

Assets under management rollforward
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
1,676

$
1,759

 
$
1,723

$
1,744

Net asset flows:
 
 
 
 
 
Liquidity
4

6

 
(23
)
5

Fixed income
10

3

 
21

5

Equity
(5
)
(1
)
 
(10
)
3

Multi-asset and alternatives
(2
)
11

 
4

21

Market/performance/other impacts
10

3

 
(22
)
3

Ending balance, June 30
$
1,693

$
1,781

 
$
1,693

$
1,781

 
 
 
 
 
 
Client assets rollforward
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
2,323

$
2,405

 
$
2,350

$
2,387

Net asset flows
2

16

 
(5
)
33

Market/performance/other impacts
19

2

 
(1
)
3

Ending balance, June 30
$
2,344

$
2,423

 
$
2,344

$
2,423


36


International metrics
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,
 
As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in billions, except where otherwise noted)
2016
2015
Change
 
2016

2015

Change
Total net revenue
(in millions)(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Europe/Middle East/Africa
$
463

$
524

(12
)%
 
$
894

$
995

(10
)%
Asia/Pacific
267

302

(12
)
 
522

588

(11
)
Latin America/Caribbean
186

211

(12
)
 
358

408

(12
)
Total international net revenue
916

1,037

(12
)
 
1,774

1,991

(11
)
North America
2,023

2,138

(5
)
 
4,137

4,189

(1
)
Total net revenue
$
2,939

$
3,175

(7
)
 
$
5,911

$
6,180

(4
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets under management
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Europe/Middle East/Africa
$
293

$
315

(7
)
 
$
293

$
315

(7
)
Asia/Pacific
124

132

(6
)
 
124

132

(6
)
Latin America/Caribbean
46

47

(2
)
 
46

47

(2
)
Total international assets under management
463

494

(6
)
 
463

494

(6
)
North America
1,230

1,287

(4
)
 
1,230

1,287

(4
)
Total assets under management
$
1,693

$
1,781

(5
)
 
$
1,693

$
1,781

(5
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Client assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Europe/Middle East/Africa
$
342

$
366

(7
)
 
$
342

$
366

(7
)
Asia/Pacific
176

183

(4
)
 
176

183

(4
)
Latin America/Caribbean
115

114

1

 
115

114

1

Total international client assets
633

663

(5
)
 
633

663

(5
)
North America
1,711

1,760

(3
)
 
1,711

1,760

(3
)
Total client assets
$
2,344

$
2,423

(3
)%
 
$
2,344

$
2,423

(3
)%
(a)
Regional revenue is based on the domicile of the client.


37


CORPORATE
For a discussion of Corporate, see pages 105–106 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
Selected income statement data
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,
 
As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except headcount)
2016

2015

 
Change

 
2016

 
2015

 
Change
Revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal transactions
$
29

$
67

 
(57
)%
 
$
126

 
$
167

 
(25
)%
Securities gains
20

40

 
(50
)
 
71

 
93

 
(24
)
All other income/(loss)
122

(7
)
 
NM

 
243

 
(120
)
 
NM

Noninterest revenue
171

100

 
71

 
440

 
140

 
214

Net interest income
(329
)
(221
)
 
(49
)
 
(542
)
 
(474
)
 
(14
)
Total net revenue(a)
(158
)
(121
)
 
(31
)
 
(102
)
 
(334
)
 
69

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for credit losses
(1
)
1

 
NM

 
(3
)
 
(4
)
 
25

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noninterest expense(b)
(273
)
44

 
NM

 
(120
)
 
196

 
NM

Income/(loss) before income tax expense/(benefit)
116

(166
)
 
NM

 
21

 
(526
)
 
NM

Income tax expense/(benefit)
282

(606
)
 
NM

 
219

 
(1,024
)
 
NM

Net income/(loss)
$
(166
)
$
440

 
NM

 
$
(198
)
 
$
498

 
NM

Total net revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Treasury and CIO
(226
)
(163
)
 
(39
)
 
(320
)
 
(541
)
 
41

Other Corporate
68

42

 
62

 
218

 
207

 
5

Total net revenue
$
(158
)
$
(121
)
 
(31
)
 
$
(102
)
 
$
(334
)
 
69

Net income/(loss)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Treasury and CIO
(199
)
(112
)
 
(78
)
 
(310
)
 
(333
)
 
7

Other Corporate
33

552

 
(94
)
 
112

 
831

 
(87
)
Total net income/(loss)
$
(166
)
$
440

 
NM

 
$
(198
)
 
$
498

 
NM

Selected balance sheet data (period-end)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets
$
778,359

$
821,736

 
(5
)
 
$
778,359

 
$
821,736

 
(5
)
Loans
1,862

2,480

 
(25
)
 
1,862

 
2,480

 
(25
)
Core loans(c)
1,857

2,474

 
(25
)
 
1,857

 
2,474

 
(25
)
Headcount
30,402

27,985

 
9
 %
 
30,402

 
27,985

 
9
 %
(a)
Included tax-equivalent adjustments, predominantly due to tax-exempt income from municipal bond investments of $227 million and $202 million for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $445 million and $405 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
(b)
Included legal expense/(benefit) of $(467) million and $18 million for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $(465) million and $323 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
(c)
Average core loans were $2.0 billion and $2.6 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $2.0 billion and $2.8 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Quarterly results
Net loss was $166 million, compared with net income of $440 million in the prior year. The current quarter included a net legal benefit substantially offset by higher income tax expense in the current period from tax audits, compared with higher income tax benefits in the prior year from tax audits. Net revenue was a loss of $158 million, compared to a loss of $121 million in the prior year. Noninterest expense was a benefit of $273 million, down $317 million, driven by a net legal benefit in the current quarter.
 
Year-to-date results
Net loss was $198 million, compared with net income of $498 million in the prior year. The higher income tax expense in the current period from tax audits, compared with higher income tax benefits in the prior year from tax audits, was partially offset by lower expense resulting from a net legal benefit. Net revenue was a loss of $102 million, compared to a loss of $334 million in the prior year which included a $173 million pre-tax loss in Treasury & CIO, primarily related to the accelerated amortization of cash flow hedges associated with the exit of certain non-operational deposits. Noninterest expense was a benefit of $120 million, a decrease of $316 million, largely due to a net legal benefit in the current year.


38


Treasury and CIO overview
For a discussion of Treasury and CIO, see page 106 of the Firm’s 2015 Annual Report.
At June 30, 2016, the average credit rating of the Treasury and CIO investment securities comprising the portfolio in the table below was AA+ (based upon external ratings where available and, where not available, based primarily upon internal ratings that correspond to ratings as defined by S&P and Moody’s). During the second quarter of 2016, the Firm transferred commercial mortgage-backed securities and obligations of U.S. states and municipalities with a fair value of $7.5 billion from available-for-sale (“AFS”) to held-to-maturity (“HTM”). These securities were transferred at fair
 
value. The transfers reflect the Firm’s intent to hold the securities to maturity in order to reduce the impact of price volatility on AOCI.
See Note 11 for further information on the Firm’s investment securities portfolio.
For further information on liquidity and funding risk, see Liquidity Risk Management on pages 70–74. For information on interest rate, foreign exchange and other risks, Treasury and CIO value-at-risk (“VaR”) and the Firm’s earnings-at-risk, see Market Risk Management on pages 58–61.

Selected income statement and balance sheet data
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,
 
As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions)
2016

 
2015

 
Change

 
2016

 
2015

 
Change

Securities gains
$
20

 
$
40

 
(50
)%
 
$
71

 
$
93

 
(24
)%
Investment securities portfolio (average)(a)
278,962

 
322,954

 
(14
)
 
281,203

 
328,293

 
(14
)
Investment securities portfolio (period-end)(b)
275,562

 
314,048

 
(12
)
 
275,562

 
314,048

 
(12
)
Mortgage loans (average)
1,858

 
2,599

 
(29
)
 
1,932

 
2,694

 
(28
)
Mortgage loans (period-end)
1,798

 
2,455

 
(27
)
 
1,798

 
2,455

 
(27
)
(a)
Average investment securities included HTM balances of $53.4 billion and $50.7 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $50.9 billion and $50.0 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
(b)
Period-end investment securities included HTM balances of $53.8 billion and $51.6 billion at June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
Private equity portfolio information(a)
 
 
(in millions)
 
June 30, 2016

 
 
December 31, 2015

 
Change

Carrying value
 
$
1,879

 
 
$
2,103

 
(11
)%
Cost
 
2,941

 
 
3,798

 
(23
)
(a)
For more information on the Firm’s methodologies regarding the valuation of the private equity portfolio, see Note 3 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.



39


ENTERPRISE-WIDE RISK MANAGEMENT
Risk is an inherent part of JPMorgan Chase’s business activities. When the Firm extends a consumer or wholesale loan, advises customers on their investment decisions, makes markets in securities, or offers other products or services, the Firm takes on some degree of risk. The Firm’s overall objective is to manage its businesses, and the associated risks, in a manner that balances serving the interests of its clients, customers and investors and protects the safety and soundness of the Firm.
Firmwide Risk Management is overseen and managed on an enterprise-wide basis. The Firm’s approach to risk management covers a broad spectrum of risk areas, such as credit, market, liquidity, model, structural interest rate, principal, country, operational, compliance, legal, capital and reputation risk, with controls and governance established for each area, as appropriate.
The Firm believes that effective risk management requires:
Acceptance of responsibility, including identification and escalation of risk issues, by all individuals within the Firm;
Ownership of risk management within each of the lines of business and corporate functions; and
Firmwide structures for risk governance.
 
The Firm’s Operating Committee, which consists of the Firm’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), Chief Risk Officer (“CRO”) and other senior executives, is responsible for developing and executing the Firm’s risk management framework. The framework is intended to provide controls and ongoing management of key risks inherent in the Firm’s business activities and create a culture of transparency, awareness and personal responsibility through reporting, collaboration, discussion, escalation and sharing of information. The Operating Committee is responsible and accountable to the Firm’s Board of Directors.
The Firm strives for continual improvement through efforts to enhance controls, ongoing employee training and development, talent retention, and other measures. The Firm follows a disciplined and balanced compensation framework with strong internal governance and independent Board oversight. The impact of risk and control issues are carefully considered in the Firm’s performance evaluation and incentive compensation processes. The Firm is also engaged in a number of activities focused on conduct risk and in regularly evaluating its culture with respect to its business principles.


The following provides an index of key risk management disclosures. For further information on these disclosures, refer to the page references noted below in both this Form 10-Q and JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
Risk disclosure
Form 10-Q page reference
Annual Report page reference
Enterprise-Wide Risk Management
40-74
107–164
Risk governance
 
108–111
Credit Risk Management
41-57
112–132
Credit Portfolio
 
114
Consumer Credit Portfolio
42-47
115–121
Wholesale Credit Portfolio
48-54
122–129
Allowance For Credit Losses
55-57
130–132
Market Risk Management
58-61
133–139
Risk identification and classification
 
133
Value-at-risk
58-60
135–137
Economic-value stress testing
 
137–138
Earnings-at-risk
61
138–139
Country Risk Management
62
140–141
Model Risk Management
 
142
Principal Risk Management
 
143
Operational Risk Management
 
144–146
Operational Risk Measurement
 
145
Cybersecurity
 
145
Business and technology resiliency
 
145–146
Legal Risk Management
 
146
Compliance Risk Management
 
147
Reputation Risk Management
 
148
Capital Management
63-69
149–158
Liquidity Risk Management
70-74
159–164
HQLA
70
160
Funding
71-73
160–163
Credit ratings
73-74
164

40


CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT
Credit risk is the risk of loss arising from the default of a customer, client or counterparty. The Firm provides credit to a variety of customers, ranging from large corporate and institutional clients to individual consumers and small businesses. For a further discussion of the Firm’s Credit Risk Management framework and organization, and the identification, monitoring and management of credit risks, see Credit Risk Management on pages 112–132 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
In the following tables, reported loans include loans retained (i.e., held-for-investment); loans held-for-sale (which are carried at the lower of cost or fair value, with valuation changes recorded in noninterest revenue); and certain loans accounted for at fair value. In addition, the Firm records certain loans accounted for at fair value in trading assets. For further information regarding these loans, see Notes 3 and 4. For additional information on the Firm’s loans, lending-related commitments and derivative receivables, including the Firm’s accounting policies, see Notes 13, 21, and 5, respectively.
For further information regarding the credit risk inherent in the Firm’s cash placed with banks, see Wholesale credit exposure – industry exposures on pages 50–52; for information regarding the credit risk inherent in the Firm’s investment securities portfolio, see Note 11 of this Form 10-Q, and Note 12 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report; and for information regarding the credit risk inherent in the securities financing portfolio, see Note 12 of this Form 10-Q, and Note 13 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.

 
Total credit portfolio
 
 
 
 
 
Credit exposure
 
Nonperforming(b)(c)
(in millions)
Jun 30,
2016
Dec 31,
2015
 
Jun 30,
2016
Dec 31,
2015
Loans retained
$
866,731

$
832,792

 
$
7,178

$
6,303

Loans held-for-sale
4,221

1,646

 

101

Loans at fair value
1,852

2,861

 
7

25

Total loans – reported
872,804

837,299

 
7,185

6,429

Derivative receivables
78,446

59,677

 
220

204

Receivables from customers and other
14,426

13,497

 


Total credit-related assets
965,676

910,473

 
7,405

6,633

Assets acquired in loan satisfactions
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate owned
NA

NA

 
305

347

Other
NA

NA

 
47

54

Total assets acquired in loan satisfactions
NA

NA

 
352

401

Total assets
965,676

910,473

 
7,757

7,034

Lending-related commitments
955,474

940,395

 
460

193

Total credit portfolio
$
1,921,150

$
1,850,868

 
$
8,217

$
7,227

Credit derivatives used
in credit portfolio management activities(a)
$
(23,185
)
$
(20,681
)
 
$

$
(9
)
Liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivatives
(23,006
)
(16,580
)
 
NA

NA

(in millions,
except ratios)
Three months
ended June 30,
 
Six months
ended June 30,
2016

2015

 
2016
2015
Net charge-offs
$
1,181

$
1,007

 
$
2,291

$
2,059

Average retained loans
 
 
 
 
 
Loans – reported
855,622

765,730

 
846,036

757,926

Loans – reported, excluding residential real estate PCI loans
816,572

721,219

 
806,314

712,693

Net charge-off rates
 
 
 
 
 
Loans – reported
0.56
%
0.53
%
 
0.54
%
0.55
%
Loans – reported, excluding PCI
0.58

0.56

 
0.57

0.58

(a)
Represents the net notional amount of protection purchased and sold through credit derivatives used to manage both performing and nonperforming wholesale credit exposures; these derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting under U.S. GAAP. For additional information, see Credit derivatives on page 54 and Note 5.
(b)
Excludes PCI loans. The Firm is recognizing interest income on each pool of PCI loans as they are all performing.
(c)
At June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, nonperforming assets excluded: (1) mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies of $5.2 billion and $6.3 billion, respectively, that are 90 or more days past due; (2) student loans insured by U.S. government agencies under the FFELP of $252 million and $290 million, respectively, that are 90 or more days past due; and (3) real estate owned (“REO”) insured by U.S. government agencies of $355 million and $343 million, respectively. These amounts have been excluded based upon the government guarantee. In addition, the Firm’s policy is generally to exempt credit card loans from being placed on nonaccrual status as permitted by regulatory guidance issued by the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (“FFIEC”).


41


CONSUMER CREDIT PORTFOLIO
The Firm’s consumer portfolio consists primarily of residential real estate loans, credit card loans, auto loans, business banking loans and student loans, and associated lending-related commitments. The Firm’s focus is on serving the prime segment of the consumer credit market. For
 
further information on consumer loans, see Note 13 of this Form 10-Q and Consumer Credit Portfolio on pages 115–121 and Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report. For further information on lending-related commitments, see note 21 of this Form 10-Q.

The following table presents consumer credit-related information with respect to the credit portfolio held by CCB, prime mortgage and home equity loans held by AM, and prime mortgage loans held by Corporate.
Consumer credit portfolio
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,

(in millions, except ratios)
Credit exposure
 
Nonaccrual
loans(h)(i)
 
Net charge-offs(j)
 
Average annual net charge-off rate(j)(k)
 
Net charge-offs(j)
 
Average annual net charge-off rate(j)(k)
Jun 30,
2016
 
Dec 31,
2015
 
Jun 30,
2016
Dec 31,
2015
 
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
Consumer, excluding credit card
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans, excluding PCI loans and loans held-for-sale
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity
$
42,371

 
$
45,559

 
$
2,012

2,191

 
$
36

71

 
0.34
%
0.57
%
 
$
95

$
162

 
0.43
%
0.64
%
Residential mortgage
184,704

 
166,239

 
2,365

2,503

 
3

12

 
0.01

0.04

 
3

27

 

0.04

Auto(a)
64,056

 
60,255

 
208

116

 
46

32

 
0.29

0.23

 
113

83

 
0.36

0.30

Business banking(b)
22,047

 
21,208

 
290

263

 
53

68

 
0.98

1.34

 
109

127

 
1.02

1.26

Student and other
9,512

 
10,096

 
210

242

 
29

43

 
1.21

1.62

 
67

91

 
1.38

1.70

Total loans, excluding PCI loans and loans held-for-sale
322,690

 
303,357

 
5,085

5,315

 
167

226

 
0.21

0.34

 
387

490

 
0.25

0.38

Loans – PCI
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity
14,000

 
14,989

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA
NA
 
NA

NA

 
NA
NA
Prime mortgage
8,240

 
8,893

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA
NA
 
NA

NA

 
NA
NA
Subprime mortgage
3,089

 
3,263

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA
NA
 
NA

NA

 
NA
NA
Option ARMs(c)
13,031

 
13,853

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA
NA
 
NA

NA

 
NA
NA
Total loans – PCI
38,360

 
40,998

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA
NA
 
NA

NA

 
NA
NA
Total loans – retained
361,050

 
344,355

 
5,085

5,315

 
167

226

 
0.19

0.29

 
387

490

 
0.22

0.32

Loans held-for-sale
255

(g) 
466

(g) 

98

 


 


 


 


Total consumer, excluding credit card loans
361,305

 
344,821

 
5,085

5,413

 
167

226

 
0.19

0.29

 
387

490

 
0.22

0.32

Lending-related commitments(d)
59,224

 
58,478

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Receivables from customers(e)
138

 
125

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total consumer exposure, excluding credit card
420,667

 
403,424

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit card
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans retained(f)
131,507

 
131,387

 


 
860

800

 
2.70

2.61

 
1,690

1,589

 
2.66

2.61

Loans held-for-sale
84

 
76

 


 


 


 


 


Total credit card loans
131,591

 
131,463

 


 
860

800

 
2.70

2.61

 
1,690

1,589

 
2.66

2.61

Lending-related commitments(d)
539,105

 
515,518

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total credit card exposure
670,696

 
646,981

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total consumer credit portfolio
$
1,091,363

 
$
1,050,405

 
$
5,085

$
5,413

 
$
1,027

$
1,026

 
0.85
%
0.95
%
 
$
2,077

$
2,079

 
0.87
%
0.98
%
Memo: Total consumer credit portfolio, excluding PCI
$
1,053,003

 
$
1,009,407

 
$
5,085

$
5,413

 
$
1,027

$
1,026

 
0.92
%
1.06
%
 
$
2,077

$
2,079

 
0.95
%
1.10
%
(a)
At June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, excluded operating lease assets of $10.9 billion and $9.2 billion, respectively.
(b)
Predominantly includes Business Banking loans as well as deposit overdrafts.
(c)
At June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, approximately 66% and 64% of the PCI option adjustable rate mortgage (“ARMs”) portfolio has been modified into fixed-rate, fully amortizing loans, respectively.
(d)
Credit card and home equity lending-related commitments represent the total available lines of credit for these products. The Firm has not experienced, and does not anticipate, that all available lines of credit would be used at the same time. For credit card and home equity commitments (if certain conditions are met), the Firm can reduce or cancel these lines of credit by providing the borrower notice or, in some cases as permitted by law, without notice.
(e)
Receivables from customers represent margin loans to retail brokerage customers, and are included in accrued interest and accounts receivable on the Consolidated balance sheets.
(f)
Includes accrued interest and fees net of an allowance for the uncollectible portion of accrued interest and fee income.
(g)
Predominantly represents prime mortgage loans held-for-sale.
(h)
At June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, nonaccrual loans excluded loans 90 or more days past due as follows: (1) mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies of $5.2 billion and $6.3 billion, respectively; and (2) student loans insured by U.S. government agencies under the FFELP of $252 million and $290 million, respectively. These amounts have been excluded from nonaccrual loans based upon the government guarantee. In addition, the Firm’s policy is generally to exempt credit card loans from being placed on nonaccrual status as permitted by regulatory guidance issued by the FFIEC.
(i)
Excludes PCI loans. The Firm is recognizing interest income on each pool of PCI loans as they are all performing.
(j)
Net charge-offs and the net charge-off rates excluded write-offs in the PCI portfolio of $41 million and $55 million for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 respectively, and $88 million and $110 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. These write-offs decreased the allowance for loan losses for PCI loans. See Allowance for Credit Losses on pages 55–57 for further details.
(k)
Average consumer loans held-for-sale were $354 million and $2.1 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $389 million and $2.5 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. These amounts were excluded when calculating net charge-off rates.

42


Consumer, excluding credit card
Portfolio analysis
Consumer loan balances increased during the six months ended June 30, 2016, predominantly due to originations of high-quality prime mortgage and auto loans that have been retained on the balance sheet, partially offset by paydowns and the charge-off or liquidation of delinquent loans. Credit performance has continued to improve across most portfolios as the economy strengthened and home prices increased.
PCI loans are excluded from the following discussions of individual loan products and are addressed separately below. For further information about the Firm’s consumer portfolio, including information about delinquencies, loan modifications and other credit quality indicators, see
Note 13.
Home equity: The home equity portfolio declined from the 2015 year-end primarily reflecting loan paydowns and charge-offs. Both early-stage and late-stage delinquencies showed improvement from December 31, 2015. Nonaccrual loans decreased from December 31, 2015 primarily as a result of loss mitigation activities. Net charge-offs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, declined when compared with the same periods of the prior year as a result of improvement in home prices and delinquencies.
At June 30, 2016, approximately 85% of the Firm’s home equity portfolio consists of home equity lines of credit (“HELOCs”) and the remainder consists of home equity loans (“HELOANs”). For further information on the Firm’s home equity portfolio, see Note 13 of this Form 10-Q and Consumer Credit Portfolio on pages 115–121 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
The unpaid principal balance of HELOCs outstanding was $38 billion at June 30, 2016. Of such amounts, approximately:
$13 billion have recast from interest-only to fully amortizing payments or have been modified,
$18 billion are scheduled to recast from interest-only to fully amortizing payments in future periods, and
$7 billion are interest-only balloon HELOCs, which primarily mature after 2030.

 
The following chart illustrates the payment recast composition of the approximately $25 billion of HELOCs scheduled to recast in the future, based upon their current contractual terms.
HELOCs scheduled to recast
(at June 30, 2016)
The Firm has considered this payment recast risk in its allowance for loan losses based upon the estimated amount of payment shock (i.e., the excess of the fully-amortizing payment over the interest-only payment in effect prior to recast) expected to occur at the payment recast date, along with the corresponding estimated probability of default and loss severity assumptions. As part of its allowance estimate, the Firm also expects, based on observed activity in recent years, that approximately 25% of the unpaid principal balance of HELOCs scheduled to recast will voluntarily pre-pay prior to or after the recast. The HELOCs that have previously recast to fully amortizing payments generally have higher delinquency rates than the HELOCs within the revolving period, primarily as a result of the payment shock at the time of recast. Certain other factors, such as future developments in both unemployment rates and home prices, could also have a significant impact on the performance of these loans.
The Firm manages the risk of HELOCs during their revolving period by closing or reducing the undrawn line to the extent permitted by law when borrowers are exhibiting a material deterioration in their credit risk profile. The Firm will continue to evaluate both the near-term and longer-term recast risks inherent in its HELOC portfolio to ensure that changes in the Firm’s estimate of incurred losses are appropriately considered in the allowance for loan losses and that the Firm’s account management practices are appropriate given the portfolio’s risk profile.


43


High-risk seconds are junior lien loans where the borrower has a senior lien loan that is either delinquent or has been modified. Such loans are considered to pose a higher risk of default than junior lien loans for which the senior lien is neither delinquent nor modified. At June 30, 2016, the Firm estimated that the unpaid principal balance of its home equity portfolio contained approximately $1.3 billion of current junior lien loans that were considered high risk seconds, compared with $1.4 billion at December 31, 2015. The Firm estimates the balance of its total exposure to high-risk seconds on a quarterly basis using internal data and loan level credit bureau data (which typically provides the delinquency status of the senior lien). The Firm considers the increased probability of default associated with these high-risk seconds in estimating the allowance for loan losses and classifies those loans that are subordinated to a first lien loan that is more than 90 days delinquent as nonaccrual loans. The estimated balance of these high-risk seconds may vary from quarter to quarter for reasons such as the movement of related senior liens into and out of the 30+ day delinquency bucket. The Firm continues to monitor the risks associated with these loans. For further information, see Note 13.
Residential mortgage: The residential mortgage portfolio predominantly consists of high-quality prime mortgage loans, with a small component (approximately 2%) of the residential mortgage portfolio in subprime mortgage loans. These subprime mortgage loans continue to run-off and are performing in line with expectations. The residential mortgage portfolio, including loans held-for-sale, increased from December 31, 2015 due to retained originations of high-quality prime mortgage loans partially offset by paydowns and the charge-off or liquidation of delinquent loans. Originations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 were primarily high-quality prime mortgage loans with fixed interest rates, and included both jumbo and conforming loans. Both early-stage and late-stage delinquencies showed improvement from December 31, 2015. Nonaccrual loans decreased from December 31, 2015 primarily as a result of loss mitigation activities. Net charge-offs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 remain low, reflecting continued improvement in home prices and delinquencies.
At June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, the Firm’s residential mortgage portfolio included $10.2 billion and $11.1 billion, respectively, of mortgage loans insured and/or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies, of which $7.2 billion and $8.4 billion, respectively, were 30 days or more past due (of these past due loans, $5.2 billion and $6.3 billion, respectively, were 90 days or more past due). The Firm monitors its exposure to any potential unrecoverable claim payments related to government insured loans and considers this exposure in estimating the allowance for loan losses. The financial impact related to exposure for future claims of government guaranteed loans is not expected to be significant.
 
At both June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, the Firm’s residential mortgage portfolio included $17.8 billion of interest-only loans. These loans have an interest-only payment period generally followed by an adjustable-rate or fixed-rate fully amortizing payment period to maturity and are typically originated as higher-balance loans to higher-income borrowers. To date, losses on this portfolio generally have been consistent with the broader residential mortgage portfolio and the Firm’s expectations. The Firm continues to monitor the risks associated with these loans.
Auto: Auto loans increased compared with December 31, 2015, as new originations outpaced paydowns and payoffs. Nonaccrual loans increased compared with December 31, 2015. Net charge-offs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 increased compared with the same periods of the prior year as a result of higher retail auto loan balances and a moderate increase in loss severity. The auto loan portfolio predominantly consists of prime-quality credits.
Business banking: Business banking loans increased compared with December 31, 2015 due to growth in loan originations. Nonaccrual loans increased compared with December 31, 2015. Net charge-offs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 decreased from prior year due to continued discipline in credit underwriting.
Student and other: Student and other loans decreased from December 31, 2015, due primarily to the run-off of the student loan portfolio as the Firm ceased originations of student loans during the fourth quarter of 2013. Nonaccrual loans declined from December 31, 2015 and net charge-offs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 declined from prior year as a result of the run-off of the student loan portfolio.
Purchased credit-impaired loans: PCI loans decreased as the portfolio continues to run off. As of June 30, 2016, approximately 12% of the option ARM PCI loans were delinquent and approximately 66% of the portfolio has been modified into fixed-rate, fully amortizing loans. Substantially all of the remaining loans are making amortizing payments, although such payments are not necessarily fully amortizing. This latter group of loans is subject to the risk of payment shock due to future payment recast. Default rates generally increase on option ARM loans when payment recast results in a payment increase. The expected increase in default rates is considered in the Firm’s quarterly impairment assessment.


44


The following table provides a summary of lifetime principal loss estimates included in either the nonaccretable difference or the allowance for loan losses.
Summary of PCI loans lifetime principal loss estimates
 
Lifetime loss
 estimates(a)
 
LTD liquidation
 losses(b)
(in billions)
Jun 30,
2016
 
Dec 31,
2015
 
Jun 30,
2016
 
Dec 31,
2015
Home equity
$
14.6

 
$
14.5

 
$
12.8

 
$
12.7

Prime mortgage
4.0

 
4.0

 
3.7

 
3.7

Subprime mortgage
3.2

 
3.3

 
3.0

 
3.0

Option ARMs
10.0

 
10.0

 
9.6

 
9.5

Total
$
31.8

 
$
31.8

 
$
29.1

 
$
28.9

(a)
Includes the original nonaccretable difference established in purchase accounting of $30.5 billion for principal losses plus additional principal losses recognized subsequent to acquisition through the provision and allowance for loan losses. The remaining nonaccretable difference for principal losses was $1.3 billion and $1.5 billion at June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, respectively.
(b)
Life-to-date (“LTD”) liquidation losses represent both realization of loss upon loan resolution and any principal forgiven upon modification.
Current estimated LTVs of residential real estate loans
The current estimated average loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratio for residential real estate loans retained, excluding mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies and PCI loans, was 58% at June 30, 2016, compared with 59% at December 31, 2015. The current estimated average LTV ratio for residential real estate PCI loans, based on the unpaid principal balances, was 66% at June 30, 2016, compared with 69% at December 31, 2015.
Average LTV ratios have declined consistent with recent improvements in home prices. For further information on current estimated LTVs on residential real estate loans, see Note 13.
Geographic composition of residential real estate loans
For information on the geographic composition of the Firm’s residential real estate loans, see Note 13.
Loan modification activities – residential real estate loans
The performance of modified loans generally differs by product type due to differences in both the credit quality and the types of modifications provided. The performance of modifications completed under both the U.S. Government’s Home Affordable Modification Program (“HAMP”) and the Firm’s proprietary modification programs (primarily the Firm’s modification program that was modeled after HAMP), as measured through cumulative redefault rates, was not materially different from December 31, 2015. For further information on the Firm’s cumulative redefault rates see Consumer Credit Portfolio on pages 115–121 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
 
Certain loans that were modified under HAMP and the Firm’s proprietary modification programs have interest rate reset provisions (“step-rate modifications”). Interest rates on these loans generally began to increase commencing in 2014 by 1% per year, and will continue to do so, until the rate reaches a specified cap, typically at a prevailing market interest rate for a fixed-rate loan as of the modification date. The carrying value of non-PCI loans modified in step-rate modifications was $4 billion at June 30, 2016. The unpaid principal balance of PCI loans modified in step-rate modifications was $9 billion at June 30, 2016. The Firm continues to monitor this risk exposure and the impact of these potential interest rate increases is considered in the Firm’s allowance for loan losses.
The following table presents information as of June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, relating to modified retained residential real estate loans for which concessions have been granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. For further information on modifications for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, see Note 13.
Modified residential real estate loans
 
June 30, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
(in millions)
Retained loans
Non-accrual
retained loans
(d)
 
Retained loans
Non-accrual
retained loans
(d)
Modified residential real estate loans, excluding
PCI loans(a)(b)
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity
$
2,304

1,144

 
$
2,358

1,220

Residential mortgage
6,377

1,846

 
6,690

1,957

Total modified residential real estate loans, excluding PCI loans
$
8,681

$
2,990

 
$
9,048

$
3,177

Modified PCI loans(c)
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity
$
2,493

NA

 
$
2,526

NA

Prime mortgage
5,372

NA

 
5,686

NA

Subprime mortgage
3,078

NA

 
3,242

NA

Option ARMs
9,859

NA

 
10,427

NA

Total modified PCI loans
$
20,802

NA

 
$
21,881

NA

(a)
Amounts represent the carrying value of modified residential real estate loans.
(b)
At June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, $3.7 billion and $3.8 billion, respectively, of loans modified subsequent to repurchase from Ginnie Mae in accordance with the standards of the appropriate government agency (i.e., FHA, VA, RHS) are not included in the table above. When such loans perform subsequent to modification in accordance with Ginnie Mae guidelines, they are generally sold back into Ginnie Mae loan pools. Modified loans that do not re-perform become subject to foreclosure. For additional information about sales
of loans in securitization transactions with Ginnie Mae, see Note 15.
(c)
Amounts represent the unpaid principal balance of modified PCI loans.
(d)
As of June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, nonaccrual loans included $2.4 billion and $2.5 billion, respectively, of troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) for which the borrowers were less than 90 days past due. For additional information about loans modified in a TDR that are on nonaccrual status, see Note 13.


45


Nonperforming assets
The following table presents information as of June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, about consumer, excluding credit card, nonperforming assets.
Nonperforming assets(a)
 
 
 
(in millions)
June 30,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
Nonaccrual loans(b)
 
 
 
Residential real estate
$
4,377

 
$
4,792

Other consumer
708

 
621

Total nonaccrual loans
5,085

 
5,413

Assets acquired in loan satisfactions
 
 
 
Real estate owned
231

 
277

Other
45

 
48

Total assets acquired in loan satisfactions
276

 
325

Total nonperforming assets
$
5,361

 
$
5,738

(a)
At June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, nonperforming assets excluded: (1) mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies of $5.2 billion and $6.3 billion, respectively, that are 90 or more days past due; (2) student loans insured by U.S. government agencies under the FFELP of $252 million and $290 million, respectively, that are 90 or more days past due; and (3) real estate owned insured by U.S. government agencies of $355 million and $343 million, respectively. These amounts have been excluded based upon the government guarantee.
(b)
Excludes PCI loans which are accounted for on a pool basis. Since each pool is accounted for as a single asset with a single composite interest rate and an aggregate expectation of cash flows, the past-due status of the pools, or that of individual loans within the pools, is not meaningful. Because the Firm is recognizing interest income on each pool of loans, they are all considered to be performing.
Nonaccrual loans in the residential real estate portfolio decreased to $4.4 billion at June 30, 2016 from $4.8 billion at December 31, 2015, of which 30% and 31% were greater than 150 days past due, respectively. In the aggregate, the unpaid principal balance of residential real estate loans greater than 150 days past due was charged down by approximately 43% and 44% to the estimated net realizable value of the collateral at June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, respectively.
Active and suspended foreclosure: For information on loans that were in the process of active or suspended foreclosure, see Note 13.
 
Nonaccrual loans: The following table presents changes in consumer, excluding credit card, nonaccrual loans for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015.
Nonaccrual loans
 
 
Six months ended June 30,
 
 
 
(in millions)
 
2016
2015
Beginning balance
 
$
5,413

$
6,509

Additions
 
1,802

1,805

Reductions:
 
 


Principal payments and other(a)
 
730

784

Charge-offs
 
354

395

Returned to performing status
 
853

872

Foreclosures and other liquidations
 
193

279

Total reductions
 
2,130

2,330

Net additions/(reductions)
 
(328
)
(525
)
Ending balance
 
$
5,085

$
5,984

(a)
Other reductions includes loan sales.


46


Credit Card
Total credit card loans were relatively flat from December 31, 2015. The June 30, 2016 30+ day delinquency rate decreased to 1.40% from 1.43% at December 31, 2015, and remains near record lows. For the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, the net charge-off rates were 2.70% and 2.61%, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, the net charge-off rates were 2.66% and 2.61%, respectively. The credit card portfolio continues to reflect a largely well-seasoned, rewards-based portfolio that has good U.S. geographic diversification. New originations continue to grow as a percentage of the total portfolio, in line with the Firm’s credit parameters; these originations are expected to generate loss rates higher than the more seasoned portion of the portfolio, given the higher mix of near-prime accounts being originated. These near-prime accounts have net revenue rates and returns on equity that are higher than the portfolio average. For information on the geographic and FICO composition of the Firm’s credit card loans, see Note 13.
Modifications of credit card loans
At June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, the Firm had $1.3 billion and $1.5 billion, respectively, of credit card loans outstanding that have been modified in TDRs. These balances included both credit card loans with modified payment terms and credit card loans that reverted back to their pre-modification payment terms because the cardholder did not comply with the modified payment terms. The decrease in modified credit card loans outstanding from December 31, 2015, was attributable to a reduction in new modifications as well as ongoing payments and charge-offs on previously modified credit card loans.
Consistent with the Firm’s policy, all credit card loans typically remain on accrual status until charged-off. However, the Firm establishes an allowance, which is offset against loans and charged to interest income, for the estimated uncollectible portion of accrued interest and fee income.
For additional information about loan modification
programs to borrowers, see Note 13.



47


WHOLESALE CREDIT PORTFOLIO
The Firm’s wholesale businesses are exposed to credit risk through underwriting, lending, market-making, and hedging activities with and for clients and counterparties, as well as through various operating services such as cash management and clearing activities. A portion of the loans originated or acquired by the Firm’s wholesale businesses is generally retained on the balance sheet. The Firm distributes a significant percentage of the loans it originates into the market as part of its syndicated loan business and to manage portfolio concentrations and credit risk.
The wholesale credit portfolio, excluding the Oil & Gas, Natural Gas Pipelines and Metals & Mining portfolios, continued to be generally stable for the six months ended June 30, 2016, characterized by low levels of criticized exposure, nonaccrual loans and charge-offs. See industry discussion on pages 50–52 for further information. Growth in loans retained was driven by increased client activity, notably in Commercial Term Lending and Real Estate Banking within commercial real estate. Discipline in underwriting across all areas of lending continues to remain a key point of focus. The wholesale portfolio is actively managed, in part by conducting ongoing, in-depth reviews of client credit quality and transaction structure, inclusive of collateral where applicable; and of industry, product and client concentrations.
 
Wholesale credit portfolio
 
Credit exposure
 
Nonperforming(c)
(in millions)
Jun 30,
2016
Dec 31,
2015
 
Jun 30,
2016
Dec 31,
2015
Loans retained
$
374,174

$
357,050

 
$
2,093

$
988

Loans held-for-sale
3,882

1,104

 

3

Loans at fair value
1,852

2,861

 
7

25

Loans – reported
379,908

361,015

 
2,100

1,016

Derivative receivables
78,446

59,677

 
220

204

Receivables from customers and other(a)
14,288

13,372

 


Total wholesale credit-related assets
472,642

434,064

 
2,320

1,220

Lending-related commitments
357,145

366,399

 
460

193

Total wholesale credit exposure
$
829,787

$
800,463

 
$
2,780

$
1,413

Credit derivatives used in credit portfolio management activities(b)
$
(23,185
)
$
(20,681
)
 
$

$
(9
)
Liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivatives
(23,006
)
(16,580
)
 
NA

NA

(a)
Receivables from customers and other include $14.0 billion and $13.3 billion of margin loans at June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, respectively, to prime brokerage customers; these are classified in accrued interest and accounts receivable on the Consolidated balance sheets.
(b)
Represents the net notional amount of protection purchased and sold through credit derivatives used to manage both performing and nonperforming wholesale credit exposures; these derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting under U.S. GAAP. For additional information, see Credit derivatives on page 54, and Note 5.
(c)
Excludes assets acquired in loan satisfactions.


48


The following tables present the maturity and ratings profiles of the wholesale credit portfolio as of June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015. The ratings scale is based on the Firm’s internal risk ratings, which generally correspond to the ratings as defined by S&P and Moody’s. For additional information on wholesale loan portfolio risk ratings, see Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
Wholesale credit exposure – maturity and ratings profile
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Maturity profile(e)
 
Ratings profile
June 30, 2016
Due in 1 year or less
Due after 1 year through 5 years
Due after 5 years
Total
 
Investment-grade
 
Noninvestment-grade
Total
Total % of IG
(in millions, except ratios)
 
AAA/Aaa to BBB-/Baa3
 
BB+/Ba1 & below
Loans retained
$
118,067

$
160,076

$
96,031

$
374,174

 
$
280,084

 
$
94,090

$
374,174

75
%
Derivative receivables
 
 
 
78,446

 
 
 
 
78,446

 
Less: Liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivatives
 
 
 
(23,006
)
 
 
 
 
(23,006
)
 
Total derivative receivables, net of all collateral
17,749

11,578

26,113

55,440

 
45,221

 
10,219

55,440

82

Lending-related commitments
92,902

252,253

11,990

357,145

 
263,740

 
93,405

357,145

74

Subtotal
228,718

423,907

134,134

786,759

 
589,045

 
197,714

786,759

75

Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value(a)
 
 
 
5,734

 
 
 
 
5,734

 
Receivables from customers and other
 
 
 
14,288

 
 
 
 
14,288

 
Total exposure – net of liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivatives
 
 
 
$
806,781

 
 
 
 
$
806,781

 
Credit derivatives used in credit portfolio management activities by reference entity ratings profile(b)(c)(d)
$
(1,151
)
$
(17,352
)
$
(4,682
)
$
(23,185
)
 
$
(19,682
)
 
$
(3,503
)
$
(23,185
)
85
%
 
Maturity profile(e)
 
Ratings profile
December 31, 2015
Due in 1 year or less
Due after 1 year through 5 years
Due after 5 years
Total
 
Investment-grade
 
Noninvestment-grade
Total
Total % of IG
(in millions, except ratios)
 
AAA/Aaa to BBB-/Baa3
 
BB+/Ba1 & below
Loans retained
$
110,348

$
155,902

$
90,800

$
357,050

 
$
267,736

 
$
89,314

$
357,050

75
%
Derivative receivables
 
 
 
59,677

 
 
 
 
59,677

 
Less: Liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivatives
 
 
 
(16,580
)
 
 
 
 
(16,580
)
 
Total derivative receivables, net of all collateral
11,399

12,836

18,862

43,097

 
34,773

 
8,324

43,097

81

Lending-related commitments
105,514

251,042

9,843

366,399

 
267,922

 
98,477

366,399

73

Subtotal
227,261

419,780

119,505

766,546

 
570,431

 
196,115

766,546

74

Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value(a)
 
 
 
3,965

 
 
 
 
3,965

 
Receivables from customers and other
 
 
 
13,372

 
 
 
 
13,372

 
Total exposure – net of liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivatives
 
 
 
$
783,883

 
 
 
 
$
783,883

 
Credit derivatives used in credit portfolio management activities by reference entity ratings profile(b)(c)(d)
$
(808
)
$
(14,427
)
$
(5,446
)
$
(20,681
)
 
$
(17,754
)
 
$
(2,927
)
$
(20,681
)
86
%
(a)
Represents loans held-for-sale, primarily related to syndicated loans and loans transferred from the retained portfolio, and loans at fair value.
(b)
These derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting under U.S. GAAP.
(c)
The notional amounts are presented on a net basis by underlying reference entity and the ratings profile shown is based on the ratings of the reference entity on which protection has been purchased.
(d)
Predominantly all of the credit derivatives entered into by the Firm where it has purchased protection, including credit derivatives used in credit portfolio management activities, are executed with investment-grade counterparties.
(e)
The maturity profile of retained loans, lending-related commitments and derivative receivables is based on the remaining contractual maturity. Derivative contracts that are in a receivable position at June 30, 2016, may become payable prior to maturity based on their cash flow profile or changes in market conditions.


49


Wholesale credit exposure – industry exposures
The Firm focuses on the management and diversification of its industry exposures, paying particular attention to industries with actual or potential credit concerns. Exposures deemed criticized align with the U.S. banking regulators’ definition of criticized exposures, which consist
 
of the special mention, substandard and doubtful categories. The total criticized component of the portfolio, excluding loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value, was $21.0 billion at June 30, 2016, compared with $14.6 billion at December 31, 2015, driven by downgrades within the Oil & Gas, Natural Gas Pipelines and Metals & Mining portfolios.

Below are summaries of the Firm’s exposures as of June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015. For additional information on industry concentrations, see Note 5 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
Wholesale credit exposure  industries(a)
 
 
 
 
 
Selected metrics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
30 days or more past due and accruing
loans
Net
charge-offs/
(recoveries)
Credit derivative hedges(f)
Liquid securities
and other cash collateral held against derivative
receivables
 
 
 
 
Noninvestment-grade
As of or for the Six months ended
Credit exposure(e)
Investment- grade
 
Noncriticized
 
Criticized performing
Criticized nonperforming
June 30, 2016
(in millions)
Real Estate
$
125,215

$
96,714

 
$
27,331

 
$
947

$
223

$
60

$

$
(105
)
$
(146
)
Consumer & Retail
82,682

53,316

 
27,676

 
1,461

229

20

18

(594
)
(34
)
Industrials
56,546

37,678

 
17,709

 
1,080

79

34

1

(552
)
(21
)
Technology, Media & Telecommunications
55,831

32,659

 
21,749

 
1,413

10

81

3

(941
)
(50
)
Healthcare
47,494

36,722

 
10,251

 
454

67

49

18

(266
)
(330
)
Banks & Finance Cos
43,434

35,105

 
7,698

 
611

20

19

(1
)
(1,405
)
(6,007
)
Oil & Gas
39,675

18,685

 
10,234

 
9,392

1,364

1

137

(1,270
)
(34
)
Utilities
31,930

26,591

 
4,815

 
387

137

3


(279
)
(30
)
Asset Managers
31,655

27,061

 
4,554

 
40


55


(5
)
(5,974
)
State & Municipal Govt(b)
28,417

27,707

 
664

 
6

40

17


(130
)
(126
)
Central Govt
24,519

24,095

 
392

 
32


2


(11,226
)
(4,342
)
Chemicals/Plastics
18,117

13,344

 
4,585

 
158

30

1


(54
)
(3
)
Transportation
17,773

12,224

 
5,229

 
281

39

34


(96
)
(229
)
Automotive
15,015

9,169

 
5,637

 
208

1

2


(496
)
(6
)
Metals & Mining
13,816

5,102

 
7,020

 
1,506

188


27

(484
)
(7
)
Insurance
11,655

9,882

 
1,646

 

127

22


(307
)
(1,843
)
Financial Markets Infrastructure
11,466

10,552

 
914

 





(1,686
)
Securities Firms
5,117

1,633

 
3,484

 




(232
)
(501
)
All other(c)
149,408

131,202

 
17,760

 
227

219

924

11

(4,743
)
(1,637
)
Subtotal
$
809,765

$
609,441

 
$
179,348

 
$
18,203

$
2,773

$
1,324

$
214

$
(23,185
)
$
(23,006
)
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value
5,734

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Receivables from customers and interests in purchased receivables
14,288

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total(d)
$
829,787

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

50



















Selected metrics








30 days or more past due and accruing
loans
Net
charge-offs/
(recoveries)
Credit derivative hedges(f)
Liquid securities
and other cash collateral held against derivative
receivables




Noninvestment-grade
As of or for the year ended
Credit
exposure
(e)
Investment-
grade

Noncriticized

Criticized performing
Criticized nonperforming
December 31, 2015
(in millions)
Real Estate
$
116,857

$
88,076


$
27,087


$
1,463

$
231

$
208

$
(14
)
$
(54
)
$
(47
)
Consumer & Retail
85,460

53,647


29,659


1,947

207

18

13

(288
)
(94
)
Industrials
54,386

36,519


16,663


1,164

40

59

8

(386
)
(39
)
Technology, Media & Telecommunications
57,382

29,205


26,925


1,208

44

5

(1
)
(806
)
(21
)
Healthcare
46,053

37,858


7,755


394

46

129

(7
)
(24
)
(245
)
Banks & Finance Cos
43,398

35,071


7,654


610

63

17

(5
)
(974
)
(5,509
)
Oil & Gas
42,077

24,379


13,158


4,263

277

22

13

(530
)
(37
)
Utilities
30,853

24,983


5,655


168

47

3


(190
)
(289
)
Asset Managers
23,815

20,214


3,570


31


18


(6
)
(4,453
)
State & Municipal Govt(b)
29,114

28,307


745


7

55

55

(8
)
(146
)
(81
)
Central Govt
17,968

17,871


97




7


(9,359
)
(2,393
)
Chemicals/Plastics
15,232

10,910


4,017


274

31

9


(17
)

Transportation
19,227

13,258


5,801


167

1

15

3

(51
)
(243
)
Automotive
13,864

9,182


4,580


101

1

4

(2
)
(487
)
(1
)
Metals & Mining
14,049

6,522


6,434


1,008

85

1


(449
)
(4
)
Insurance
11,889

9,812


1,958


26

93

23


(157
)
(1,410
)
Financial Markets Infrastructure
7,973

7,304


669







(167
)
Securities Firms
4,412

1,505


2,907




3


(102
)
(256
)
All other(c)
149,117

130,488


18,095


370

164

1,015

10

(6,655
)
(1,291
)
Subtotal
$
783,126

$
585,111


$
183,429


$
13,201

$
1,385

$
1,611

$
10

$
(20,681
)
$
(16,580
)
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value
3,965



















Receivables from customers and interests in purchased receivables
13,372



















Total(d)
$
800,463



















(a)
The industry rankings presented in the table as of December 31, 2015, are based on the industry rankings of the corresponding exposures at June 30, 2016, not actual rankings of such exposures at December 31, 2015.
(b)
In addition to the credit risk exposure to states and municipal governments (both U.S. and non-U.S.) at June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, noted above, the Firm held: $9.2 billion and $7.6 billion, respectively, of trading securities; $32.1 billion and $33.6 billion, respectively, of AFS securities; and $14.5 billion and $12.8 billion, respectively, of HTM securities, issued by U.S. state and municipal governments. For further information, see Note 3 and Note 11.
(c)
All other includes: individuals; SPEs; holding companies; and private education and civic organizations, representing approximately 54%, 37%, 5% and 4%, respectively, at June 30, 2016, and 54%, 37%, 5% and 4%, respectively, at December 31, 2015.
(d)
Excludes cash placed with banks of $355.8 billion and $351.0 billion, at June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, respectively, placed with various central banks, predominantly Federal Reserve Banks.
(e)
Credit exposure is net of risk participations and excludes the benefit of credit derivatives used in credit portfolio management activities held against derivative receivables or loans and liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivative receivables.
(f)
Represents the net notional amounts of protection purchased and sold through credit derivatives used to manage the credit exposures; these derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting under U.S. GAAP. The All other category includes purchased credit protection on certain credit indices.


51


Presented below is a discussion of certain industries to which the Firm has significant exposures and which present actual or potential credit concerns.
Oil & Gas and Natural Gas Pipelines

The following table presents Oil & Gas and Natural Gas Pipeline exposures as of June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015.
 
June 30, 2016
 
(in millions, except ratios)
Loans and Lending-related Commitments
 
Derivative Receivables
 
Credit exposure
 
% Investment-grade
% Drawn
Exploration & Production (“E&P”) and Oilfield Services(a)
$
21,060

 
$
813

 
$
21,873

 
26
%
 
40
%
 
Other Oil & Gas(b)
16,888

 
913

 
17,801

 
73

 
30

 
Total Oil & Gas
37,948

 
1,726

 
39,674

 
47

 
35

 
Natural Gas Pipelines(c)
4,552

 
192

 
4,744

 
67

 
37

 
Total Oil & Gas and Natural Gas Pipelines
$
42,500

 
$
1,918

 
$
44,418

 
49

 
35

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2015
 
(in millions, except ratios)
Loans and Lending-related Commitments
 
Derivative
Receivables
 
Credit exposure
 
% Investment-
grade
% Drawn
E&P and Oilfield Services(a)
$
23,055

 
$
400

 
$
23,455

 
44
%
 
36
%
 
Other Oil & Gas(b)
17,120

 
1,502

 
18,622

 
76

 
27

 
Total Oil & Gas
40,175

 
1,902

 
42,077

 
58

 
32

 
Natural Gas Pipelines(c)
4,093

 
158

 
4,251

 
64

 
21

 
Total Oil & Gas and Natural Gas Pipelines
$
44,268

 
$
2,060

 
$
46,328

 
59

 
31

 
(a)
Noninvestment-grade exposure to E&P and Oilfield Services is largely secured.
(b)
Other Oil & Gas includes Integrated Oil & Gas companies, Midstream/Oil Pipeline companies and refineries.
(c)
Natural Gas Pipelines is reported within the Utilities industry.
Exposure to the Oil & Gas and Natural Gas Pipelines portfolios was approximately 5.4% of the Firm’s total wholesale exposure as of June 30, 2016 and 5.8% as of December 31, 2015. Exposure to these industries decreased by $1.9 billion during the six months ended June 30, 2016 to $44.4 billion; of the $44.4 billion, $15.7 billion was drawn. As of June 30, 2016, approximately $21.9 billion of the exposure was investment grade, of which $5.7 billion was drawn, and approximately $22.5 billion of the exposure was noninvestment-grade, of which $10.0 billion was drawn; 25% of the exposure to the Oil & Gas and Natural Gas Pipelines industries was criticized. Secured lending, of which approximately half is reserve-based lending to the Exploration & Production sub-sector of the Oil & Gas industry, was $13.8 billion as of June 30, 2016; 48% of the secured lending exposure was drawn. Exposure to commercial real estate, which is reported within the Real Estate industry, in certain areas of Texas, California and Colorado, that are deemed sensitive to the Oil & Gas industry, was approximately $4 billion as of June 30, 2016. While the overall trends and sentiment have been improving, the Firm continues to actively monitor and manage its exposure to these portfolios.  The Firm is also actively monitoring potential contagion effects to other related or dependent industries and geographies; however, to date, the Firm has not observed any material deterioration in these related or dependent industries and geographies in the wholesale portfolio.

 
Metals & Mining: Exposure to the Metals & Mining industry was approximately 1.7% and 1.8% of the Firm’s total wholesale exposure as of June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, respectively. Exposure to the Metals & Mining industry decreased by $233 million during the six months ended June 30, 2016 to $13.8 billion, of which $4.6 billion was drawn. The portfolio largely consisted of exposure in North America, and was concentrated in the Steel and Diversified Mining sub-sectors. Approximately 37% and 46% of the exposure in the Metals & Mining portfolio was investment-grade as of June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, respectively.



52


Loans
In the normal course of its wholesale business, the Firm provides loans to a variety of customers, ranging from large corporate and institutional clients to high-net-worth individuals. The Firm actively manages its wholesale credit exposure. One way of managing credit risk is through secondary market sales of loans and lending-related commitments. For further discussion on loans, including information on credit quality indicators and sales of loans, see Note 13.
The following table presents the change in the nonaccrual loan portfolio for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015.
Wholesale nonaccrual loan activity(a)
Six months ended June 30,
 
 
 
(in millions)
 
2016

2015

Beginning balance
 
$
1,016

$
624

Additions
 
1,902

792

Reductions:
 
 
 
Paydowns and other
 
419

284

Gross charge-offs
 
226

31

Returned to performing status
 
149

199

Sales
 
24

3

Total reductions
 
818

517

Net changes
 
1,084

275

Ending balance
 
$
2,100

$
899

(a)
Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when management believes full payment of principal or interest is not expected, regardless of delinquency status, or when principal or interest have been in default for a period of 90 days or more, unless the loan is both well-secured and in the process of collection.
The following table presents net charge-offs/recoveries, which are defined as gross charge-offs less recoveries, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015. The amounts in the table below do not include gains or losses from sales of nonaccrual loans.
Wholesale net charge-offs/(recoveries)
 
(in millions, except ratios)
Three months ended
June 30,
 
Six months ended
June 30,
2016

2015

 
2016
2015
Loans – reported
 
 
 
 
 
Average loans retained
$
369,706

$
331,924

 
$
365,006

$
329,921

Gross charge-offs
159

4

 
228

33

Gross recoveries
(5
)
(23
)
 
(14
)
(53
)
Net
charge-offs/(recoveries)
154

(19
)
 
214

(20
)
Net
charge-off/(recovery) rate
0.17
%
(0.02
)%
 
0.12
%
(0.01
)%
 
Lending-related commitments
The Firm uses lending-related financial instruments, such as commitments (including revolving credit facilities) and guarantees, to meet the financing needs of its customers. The contractual amounts of these financial instruments represent the maximum possible credit risk should the counterparties draw down on these commitments or the Firm fulfills its obligations under these guarantees, and the counterparties subsequently fail to perform according to the terms of these contracts.
In the Firm’s view, the total contractual amount of these wholesale lending-related commitments is not representative of the Firm’s likely actual future credit exposure or funding requirements. In determining the amount of credit risk exposure the Firm has to wholesale lending-related commitments, which is used as the basis for allocating credit risk capital to these commitments, the Firm has established a “loan-equivalent” amount for each commitment; this amount represents the portion of the unused commitment or other contingent exposure that is expected, based on average portfolio historical experience, to become drawn upon in an event of a default by an obligor. The loan-equivalent amount of the Firm’s wholesale lending-related commitments was $212.7 billion and $212.4 billion as of June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, respectively.
Derivative contracts
In the normal course of business, the Firm uses derivative instruments predominantly for market-making activities. Derivatives enable clients to manage exposures to fluctuations in interest rates, currencies and other markets. The Firm also uses derivative instruments to manage its own credit and other market risk exposure. For further discussion of derivative contracts, see Note 5.
The following table summarizes the net derivative receivables for the periods presented.
Derivative receivables
 
 
(in millions)
Derivative receivables
June 30,
2016
December 31,
2015
Interest rate
$
37,885

$
26,363

Credit derivatives
1,794

1,423

Foreign exchange
24,083

17,177

Equity
7,127

5,529

Commodity
7,557

9,185

Total, net of cash collateral
78,446

59,677

Liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivative receivables(a)
(23,006
)
(16,580
)
Total, net of collateral
$
55,440

$
43,097

(a)
Includes collateral related to derivative instruments where an appropriate legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained.


53


Derivative receivables reported on the Consolidated balance sheets were $78.4 billion and $59.7 billion at June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, respectively. These amounts represent the fair value of the derivative contracts after giving effect to legally enforceable master netting agreements and cash collateral held by the Firm. However, in management’s view, the appropriate measure of current credit risk should also take into consideration additional liquid securities (primarily U.S. government and agency securities and other group of seven nations (“G7”) government bonds) and other cash collateral held by the Firm aggregating $23.0 billion and $16.6 billion at June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, respectively, that may be used as security when the fair value of the client’s exposure is in the Firm’s favor. The increase in derivative receivables at June 30, 2016 from December 31, 2015, was predominantly related to client-driven market-making activities in CIB, which resulted in higher interest rate and foreign exchange derivative receivables, driven by market movements.
 
In addition to the collateral described in the preceding paragraph, the Firm also holds additional collateral (primarily cash, G7 government securities, other liquid government-agency and guaranteed securities, and corporate debt and equity securities) delivered by clients at the initiation of transactions, as well as collateral related to contracts that have a non-daily call frequency and collateral that the Firm has agreed to return but has not yet settled as of the reporting date. Although this collateral does not reduce the balances and is not included in the table above, it is available as security against potential exposure that could arise should the fair value of the client’s derivative transactions move in the Firm’s favor.
The derivative receivables fair value, net of all collateral, also does not include other credit enhancements, such as letters of credit. For additional information on the Firm’s use of collateral agreements, see Note 5.

The following table summarizes the ratings profile by derivative counterparty of the Firm’s derivative receivables, including credit derivatives, net of other liquid securities collateral, at the dates indicated. The ratings scale is based on the Firm’s internal ratings, which generally correspond to the ratings as defined by S&P and Moody’s.
Ratings profile of derivative receivables
 
 
 
 
 
Rating equivalent
June 30, 2016
 
December 31, 2015

(in millions, except ratios)
Exposure net of collateral
% of exposure net of collateral
 
Exposure net of collateral
% of exposure net of collateral
AAA/Aaa to AA-/Aa3
$
13,921

25
%
 
$
10,371

24
%
A+/A1 to A-/A3
13,382

24

 
10,595

25

BBB+/Baa1 to BBB-/Baa3
17,918

32

 
13,807

32

BB+/Ba1 to B-/B3
9,160

17

 
7,500

17

CCC+/Caa1 and below
1,059

2

 
824

2

Total
$
55,440

100
%
 
$
43,097

100
%

As previously noted, the Firm uses collateral agreements to mitigate counterparty credit risk. The percentage of the Firm’s derivatives transactions subject to collateral agreements — excluding foreign exchange spot trades, which are not typically covered by collateral agreements due to their short maturity — was 87% at each of June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, respectively.
Credit derivatives
The Firm uses credit derivatives for two primary purposes: first, in its capacity as a market-maker, and second, as an end-user, to manage the Firm’s own credit risk associated with various exposures. For a detailed description of credit derivatives, see Credit derivatives in Note 5 of this Form
10-Q, and Note 6 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
Credit portfolio management activities
Included in the Firm’s end-user activities are credit derivatives used to mitigate the credit risk associated with traditional lending activities (loans and unfunded commitments) and derivatives counterparty exposure in the Firm’s wholesale businesses (collectively, “credit portfolio
 
management” activities). Information on credit portfolio management activities is provided in the table below. For further information on derivatives used in credit portfolio management activities, see Credit derivatives in Note 5 of this Form 10-Q, and Note 6 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
Credit derivatives used in credit portfolio management activities
 
Notional amount of protection
purchased and sold (a)
(in millions)
June 30,
2016
 
December 31,
2015
Credit derivatives used to manage:
 
 
 
Loans and lending-related commitments
$
2,755

 
$
2,289

Derivative receivables
20,430

 
18,392

Credit derivatives used in credit portfolio management activities
$
23,185

 
$
20,681

(a)
Amounts are presented net, considering the Firm’s net protection purchased or sold with respect to each underlying reference entity or index.



54


ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
JPMorgan Chase’s allowance for loan losses covers both the consumer (primarily scored) portfolio and wholesale (risk-rated) portfolio. The allowance represents management’s estimate of probable credit losses inherent in the Firm’s loan portfolio. Management also determines an allowance for wholesale and certain consumer lending-related commitments.
For a further discussion of the components of the allowance for credit losses and related management judgments, see Critical Accounting Estimates Used by the Firm on pages 76–77 and Note 14 of this Form 10-Q, and Critical Accounting Estimates Used by the Firm on pages 165–169 and Note 15 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
At least quarterly, the allowance for credit losses is reviewed by the CRO, the Chief Financial Officer and the Controller of the Firm, and discussed with the Board of Directors Risk Policy Committee and the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors. As of June 30, 2016, JPMorgan Chase deemed the allowance for credit losses to be appropriate and sufficient to absorb probable credit losses inherent in the portfolio.
 
The consumer allowance for loan losses increased from December 31, 2015, due to higher loss rates in newer credit card vintages, as well as growth in the credit card and auto loan portfolios, partially offset by a reduction in the allowance primarily due to improved credit quality of the residential real estate loan portfolio, reflecting originations of high-quality mortgages and the run-off of lower-quality legacy portfolios. For additional information about delinquencies and nonaccrual loans in the consumer, excluding credit card, loan portfolio, see Consumer Credit Portfolio on pages 42–47 and Note 13.
The wholesale allowance for credit losses increased from December 31, 2015, primarily driven by downgrades in the Oil & Gas, Natural Gas Pipelines, and Metals & Mining portfolios. Excluding these portfolios, the wholesale portfolio continued to experience generally stable credit quality trends and low charge-off rates.


55


Summary of changes in the allowance for credit losses
 
 
 
 
 
 
2016
 
2015
Six months ended June 30,
Consumer, excluding
credit card
Credit card
Wholesale
Total
 
Consumer, excluding
credit card
Credit card
Wholesale
Total
(in millions, except ratios)
 
Allowance for loan losses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance at January 1,
$
5,806

$
3,434

$
4,315

$
13,555

 
$
7,050

$
3,439

$
3,696

$
14,185

Gross charge-offs
688

1,874

228

2,790

 
827

1,776

33

2,636

Gross recoveries
(301
)
(184
)
(14
)
(499
)
 
(337
)
(187
)
(53
)
(577
)
Net charge-offs/(recoveries)
387

1,690

214

2,291

 
490

1,589

(20
)
2,059

Write-offs of PCI loans(a)
88



88

 
110



110

Provision for loan losses
316

1,940

796

3,052

 
42

1,589

265

1,896

Other
(1
)


(1
)
 

(5
)
8

3

Ending balance at June 30,
$
5,646

$
3,684

$
4,897

$
14,227

 
$
6,492

$
3,434

$
3,989

$
13,915

Impairment methodology
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset-specific(b)
$
365

$
361

$
525

$
1,251

 
$
436

$
518

$
147

$
1,101

Formula-based
2,627

3,323

4,372

10,322

 
2,841

2,916

3,842

9,599

PCI
2,654



2,654

 
3,215



3,215

Total allowance for loan losses
$
5,646

$
3,684

$
4,897

$
14,227

 
$
6,492

$
3,434

$
3,989

$
13,915

Allowance for lending-related commitments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance at January 1,
$
14

$

$
772

$
786

 
$
13

$

$
609

$
622

Provision for lending-related commitments


174

174

 
2


(4
)
(2
)
Ending balance at June 30,
$
14

$

$
946

$
960

 
$
15

$

$
605

$
620

Impairment methodology
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset-specific
$

$

$
143

$
143

 
$

$

$
55

$
55

Formula-based
14


803

817

 
15


550

565

Total allowance for lending-related commitments(c)
$
14

$

$
946

$
960

 
$
15

$

$
605

$
620

Total allowance for credit losses
$
5,660

$
3,684

$
5,843

$
15,187

 
$
6,507

$
3,434

$
4,594

$
14,535

Memo:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retained loans, end of period
$
361,050

$
131,507

$
374,174

$
866,731

 
$
316,781

$
124,705

$
338,219

$
779,705

Retained loans, average
353,259

127,771

365,006

846,036

 
305,463

122,542

329,921

757,926

PCI loans, end of period
38,360


4

38,364

 
43,806


4

43,810

Credit ratios
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for loan losses to retained loans
1.56
%
2.80
%
1.31
%
1.64
%
 
2.05
%
2.75
%
1.18
 %
1.78
%
Allowance for loan losses to retained nonaccrual loans(d)
111

NM
234

198

 
112

NM
457

209

Allowance for loan losses to retained nonaccrual loans excluding credit card
111

NM
234

147

 
112

NM
457

158

Net charge-off/(recovery) rates
0.22

2.66

0.12

0.54

 
0.32

2.61

(0.01
)
0.55

Credit ratios, excluding residential real estate PCI loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for loan losses to retained loans
0.93

2.80

1.31

1.40

 
1.20

2.75

1.18

1.45

Allowance for loan losses to retained nonaccrual loans(d)
59

NM
234

161

 
57

NM
457

161

Allowance for loan losses to retained nonaccrual loans excluding credit card
59

NM
234

110

 
57

NM
457

109

Net charge-off/(recovery) rates
0.25
%
2.66
%
0.12
%
0.57
%
 
0.38
%
2.61
%
(0.01
)%
0.58
%
Note: In the table above, the financial measures which exclude the impact of PCI loans are non-GAAP financial measures. For additional information, see Explanation and Reconciliation of the Firm’s Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Key Performance Measures on pages 16–17.
(a)
Write-offs of PCI loans are recorded against the allowance for loan losses when actual losses for a pool exceed estimated losses that were recorded as purchase accounting adjustments at the time of acquisition. A write-off of a PCI loan is recognized when the underlying loan is removed from a pool (e.g., upon liquidation).
(b)
Includes risk-rated loans that have been placed on nonaccrual status and loans that have been modified in a TDR. The asset-specific credit card allowance for loan losses modified in a TDR is calculated based on the loans’ original contractual interest rates and does not consider any incremental penalty rates.
(c)
The allowance for lending-related commitments is reported in accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets.
(d)
The Firm’s policy is generally to exempt credit card loans from being placed on nonaccrual status as permitted by regulatory guidance.

56


Provision for credit losses
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, the provision for credit losses was $1.4 billion and $3.2 billion, respectively, compared with $935 million and $1.9 billion, respectively, in the prior year periods.
The total consumer provision for credit losses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 increased when compared with the prior year, as the prior year included a reduction in the allowance for loan losses and the current year included an increase. The current year increase in the allowance for loan losses was a result of higher loss rates in
 
newer credit card vintages, as well as growth in the credit card and auto loan portfolios, partially offset by reductions in the allowance due to continued improvement in home prices and delinquencies in the residential real estate portfolio as well as runoff in the student loan portfolio.
The wholesale provision for credit losses for the six months ended June 30, 2016 reflected higher net charge-offs and the impact of downgrades in the Oil & Gas, Natural Gas Pipelines, and Metals & Mining portfolios.


 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
 
Provision for loan losses
 
Provision for lending-related commitments
 
Total provision for
credit losses
 
Provision for loan losses
 
Provision for lending-related commitments
 
Total provision for credit losses
(in millions)
2016

2015

 
2016

2015

 
2016

2015

 
2016

2015

 
2016

2015

 
2016

2015

Consumer, excluding credit card
$
95

$
(99
)
 
$

$
1

 
$
95

$
(98
)
 
$
316

$
42

 
$

$
2

 
$
316

$
44

Credit card
1,110

800

 


 
1,110

800

 
1,940

1,589

 


 
1,940

1,589

Total consumer
1,205

701

 

1

 
1,205

702

 
2,256

1,631

 

2

 
2,256

1,633

Wholesale
251

207

 
(54
)
26

 
197

233

 
796

265

 
174

(4
)
 
970

261

Total
$
1,456

$
908

 
$
(54
)
$
27

 
$
1,402

$
935

 
$
3,052

$
1,896

 
$
174

$
(2
)
 
$
3,226

$
1,894



57


MARKET RISK MANAGEMENT
Market risk is the potential for adverse changes in the value of the Firm’s assets and liabilities resulting from changes in market variables such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates, equity prices, commodity prices, implied volatilities or credit spreads. For a discussion of the Firm’s market risk management organization, risk identification and classification, tools used to measure risk, and risk monitoring and control, see Market Risk Management on pages 133–139 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
Value-at-risk
JPMorgan Chase utilizes VaR, a statistical risk measure, to estimate the potential loss from adverse market moves in a normal market environment. The Firm has a single VaR framework used as a basis for calculating Risk Management VaR and Regulatory VaR.
Since VaR is based on historical data, it is an imperfect measure of market risk exposure and potential losses, and it is not used to estimate the impact of stressed market conditions or to manage any impact from potential stress events. In addition, based on their reliance on available historical data, limited time horizons, and other factors, VaR measures are inherently limited in their ability to measure certain risks and to predict losses, particularly those associated with market illiquidity and sudden or severe shifts in market conditions. The Firm therefore considers other measures in addition to VaR, such as stress testing, to capture and manage its market risk positions.
In addition, for certain products, specific risk parameters are not captured in VaR due to the lack of inherent liquidity and availability of appropriate historical data. The Firm uses proxies to estimate the VaR for these and other products when daily time series are not available. It is likely that using an actual price-based time series for these products, if available, would affect the VaR results presented.
 
The Firm uses alternative methods to capture and measure those risk parameters that are not otherwise captured in VaR, including economic-value stress testing and nonstatistical measures. For further information, see Market Risk Management on pages 133–139 of the 2015 Annual Report.
The Firm’s VaR model calculations are periodically evaluated and enhanced in response to changes in the composition of the Firm’s portfolios, changes in market conditions, improvements in the Firm’s modeling techniques and other factors. Such changes may affect historical comparisons to current VaR results. For information regarding model reviews and approvals, see Model Risk Management on page 142 of the 2015 Annual Report.
The Firm’s Risk Management VaR is calculated assuming a one-day holding period and an expected tail-loss methodology which approximates a 95% confidence level. For risk management purposes, the Firm believes this methodology provides a stable measure of VaR that closely aligns to the day-to-day risk management decisions made by the lines of business, and provides the necessary and appropriate information to respond to risk events on a daily basis. The Firm calculates separately a daily aggregated VaR in accordance with regulatory rules (“Regulatory VaR”), which is used to derive the Firm’s regulatory VaR-based capital requirements under Basel III. For further information regarding the key differences between Risk Management VaR and Regulatory VaR, see page 135 of the 2015 Annual Report. For additional information on Regulatory VaR and the other components of market risk regulatory capital for the Firm (e.g. VaR-based measure, stressed VaR-based measure and the respective backtesting), see JPMorgan Chase’s Pillar 3 Regulatory Capital Disclosures reports, which are available on the Firm’s website at:
(http://investor.shareholder.com/jpmorganchase/basel.cfm).



58


The table below shows the results of the Firm’s Risk Management VaR measure using a 95% confidence level.
Total VaR
Three months ended June 30,
 
 
 
 
 
Six months ended June 30,
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
At June 30,
 
Average
 
(in millions)
 Avg.
Min
Max
 
 Avg.
Min
Max
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
 
CIB trading VaR by risk type
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed income
$
46

 
$
37

 
$
62

 
 
$
41

 
$
31

 
$
52

 
 
$
60

 
$
45

 
$
46

 
$
38

 
Foreign exchange
12

 
7

 
17

 
 
9

 
6

 
13

 
 
16

 
9

 
11

 
9

 
Equities
14

 
10

 
20

 
 
16

 
11

 
25

 
 
11

 
23

 
18

 
17

 
Commodities and other
9

 
7

 
10

 
 
9

 
8

 
13

 
 
10

 
9

 
9

 
9

 
Diversification benefit to CIB trading VaR
(37
)
(a) 
 NM

(b) 
 NM

(b) 
 
(37
)
(a) 
NM

(b) 
NM

(b) 
 
(48
)
(a) 
(35
)
(a) 
(35
)
(a) 
(37
)
(a) 
CIB trading VaR
44

 
35

 
59

 
 
38

 
28

 
51

 
 
49

 
51

 
49

 
36

 
Credit portfolio VaR
12

 
11

 
13

 
 
15

 
12

 
19

 
 
13

 
13

 
12

 
16

 
Diversification benefit to CIB VaR
(12
)
(a) 
 NM

(b) 
 NM

(b) 
 
(10
)
(a) 
NM

(b) 
NM

(b) 
 
(12
)
(a) 
(11
)
(a) 
(11
)
(a) 
(9
)
(a) 
CIB VaR
44

 
34

 
59

 
 
43

 
35

 
53

 
 
50

 
53

 
50

 
43

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage Banking VaR
3

 
1

 
5

 
 
4

 
3

 
7

 
 
2

 
5

 
4

 
4

 
Treasury and CIO VaR
11

 
7

 
13

 
 
4

 
3

 
4

 
 
13

 
4

 
9

 
4

 
Asset Management VaR
4

 
3

 
4

 
 
3

 
2

 
3

 
 
4

 
3

 
3

 
3

 
Diversification benefit to other VaR
(5
)
(a) 
 NM

(b) 
 NM

(b) 
 
(4
)
(a) 
NM

(b) 
NM

(b) 
 
(4
)
(a) 
(3
)
(a) 
(5
)
(a) 
(4
)
(a) 
Other VaR
13

 
10

 
16

 
 
7

 
6

 
10

 
 
15

 
9

 
11

 
7

 
Diversification benefit to CIB and other VaR
(12
)
(a) 
 NM

(b) 
 NM

(b) 
 
(8
)
(a) 
NM

(b) 
NM

(b) 
 
(12
)
(a) 
(11
)
(a) 
(12
)
(a) 
(7
)
(a) 
Total VaR
$
45

 
$
36

 
$
56

 
 
$
42

 
$
35

 
$
51

 
 
$
53

 
$
51

 
$
49

 
$
43

 
(a)
Average portfolio VaR and period-end portfolio VaR were less than the sum of the VaR of the components described above, which is due to portfolio diversification. The diversification effect reflects the fact that the risks are not perfectly correlated.
(b)
Designated as NM, because the minimum and maximum may occur on different days for different risk components, and hence it is not meaningful to compute a portfolio-diversification effect.
As presented in the table above, average Total VaR increased for the three months ended June 30, 2016 as compared with the respective prior year period. The increase is due to changes in the profile of the fixed income and foreign exchange risk exposures for CIB Trading VaR. This was offset by a lower risk profile in equities and lower exposures arising from select positions in Credit Portfolio VaR. Treasury and CIO VaR increased due to hedging activities in relation to the Firm’s non-U.S. dollar long term debt issuance program.
The average total VaR for the six months ended June 30, 2016 increased from the prior year largely for the reasons described above relating to VaR for the three months ended June 30, 2016.
 
The Firm continues to enhance its VaR model calculations and the time series inputs related to certain asset-backed products.
The Firm’s average total VaR diversification benefit was
$12 million, or 27% of the sum, for the three months ended June 30, 2016 compared with $8 million, or 19% of the sum, for the comparable 2015 period.
VaR exposure can vary significantly as positions change, market volatility fluctuates and diversification benefits change.


59


VaR back-testing
The Firm evaluates the effectiveness of its VaR methodology by back-testing, which compares the daily Risk Management VaR results with the daily gains and losses recognized on market-risk related revenue.
The Firm’s definition of market risk-related gains and losses is consistent with the definition used by the banking regulators under Basel III. Under this definition market risk-related gains and losses are defined as: gains and losses on the positions included in the Firm’s Risk Management VaR excluding fees, commissions, certain valuation adjustments (e.g., liquidity and DVA), net interest income, and gains and losses arising from intraday trading.
The following chart compares the daily market risk-related gains and losses with the Firm’s Risk Management VaR for the six months ended June 30, 2016. As the chart presents market risk-related gains and losses related to those positions included in the Firm’s Risk Management VaR, the results in the table below differ from the results of back-testing disclosed in the Market Risk section of the Firm’s Basel III Pillar 3 Regulatory Capital Disclosures reports, which are based on Regulatory VaR applied to covered positions. The chart shows that for the six months ended June 30, 2016, the Firm observed 3 VaR back-testing exceptions and posted gains on 82 of the 129 days. The Firm observed 2 VaR back-testing exceptions and posted gains on 43 of the 65 days for the three months ended June 30, 2016.
Daily Market Risk-Related Gains and Losses
vs. Risk Management VaR (1-day, 95% Confidence level)
Six months ended June 30, 2016
 
Market Risk-Related Gains and Losses
 
Risk Management VaR
January
February
March
April
May
June
For the three months ended June 30, 2016 there were 2 back-testing exceptions. These exceptions occurred towards the end of June 2016 subsequent to the U.K. referendum on membership in the European Union and reflect the elevated market volatility observed across multiple asset classes following the outcome of the vote.
Spread sensitivity on derivatives and fair value option elected liabilities 
VaR excludes the impact of changes in the spread related to derivatives FVA/DVA and fair value option elected liabilities DVA. At June 30, 2016, the sensitivity of FVA/DVA
 
expressed as a one basis point parallel increase in the spread was a net gain of approximately $11 million. This sensitivity may not be representative of the actual gain or loss realized within a period, as the movement in spreads across various maturities may vary.



60


Earnings-at-risk
The VaR and sensitivity measures described above illustrate the economic sensitivity of the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets to changes in market variables. The effect of interest rate exposure on the Firm’s reported net income is also important as interest rate risk represents one of the Firm’s significant market risks. Interest rate risk arises not only from trading activities but also from the Firm’s traditional banking activities, which include extension of loans and credit facilities, taking deposits and issuing debt. The Firm evaluates its structural interest rate risk exposure through earnings-at-risk, which measures the extent to which changes in interest rates will affect the Firm’s net interest income and interest rate-sensitive fees. Earnings-at-risk excludes the impact of CIB’s markets-based activities and CCB’s MSRs, as these sensitivities are captured under VaR.
The Firm generates a net interest income baseline, and then conducts simulations of changes for interest rate-sensitive assets and liabilities denominated in U.S. dollars and other currencies (“non-U.S. dollar” currencies). Earnings-at-risk scenarios estimate the potential change in this net interest income baseline, excluding CIB’s markets-based activities and MSRs, over the following 12 months utilizing multiple assumptions. These scenarios consider the impact on exposures as a result of changes in interest rates from baseline rates, as well as the pricing sensitivities of deposits, optionality and changes in product mix. The scenarios include forecasted balance sheet changes, as well as modeled prepayment and reinvestment behavior, but do not include assumptions about actions that could be taken by the Firm in response to any such instantaneous rate changes. Mortgage prepayment assumptions are based on current interest rates compared with underlying contractual rates, the time since origination, and other factors which are updated periodically based on historical experience. The Firm’s earnings-at-risk scenarios are periodically evaluated and enhanced in response to changes in the composition of the Firm’s balance sheet, changes in market conditions, improvements in the Firm’s simulation and other factors.
 
The Firm’s U.S. dollar sensitivities are presented in the table below. The non-U.S. dollar sensitivities are not material to the Firm’s earnings-at-risk at June 30, 2016.
JPMorgan Chase’s 12-month pre-tax net interest income sensitivity profiles
(Excludes the impact of CIB’s markets-based activities and MSRs)
(in billions)
Instantaneous change in rates

June 30, 2016
+200bps
+100bps
-100bps
-200bps
U.S. dollar
$
4.9


$
3.0


NM
(a) 
NM
(a) 
(a)
Given the current level of market interest rates, downward parallel 100 and 200 basis point earnings-at-risk scenarios are not considered to be meaningful.
The Firm’s benefit to rising rates on U.S. dollar assets and liabilities is largely a result of reinvesting at higher yields and assets re-pricing at a faster pace than deposits. The Firm’s U.S. dollar sensitivity profile at June 30, 2016 was not materially different than at December 31, 2015.
Separately, another U.S. dollar interest rate scenario used by the Firm — involving a steeper yield curve with long-term rates rising by 100 basis points and short-term rates staying at current levels — results in a 12-month pre-tax benefit to net interest income, excluding CIB’s markets-based activities and MSRs, of approximately $700 million. The increase in net interest income under this scenario reflects the Firm reinvesting at the higher long-term rates, with funding costs remaining unchanged. The result of the comparable non-U.S. dollar analysis was not material to the Firm.


61


COUNTRY RISK MANAGEMENT
Country risk is the risk that a sovereign event or action alters the value or terms of contractual obligations of obligors, counterparties and issuers or adversely affects markets related to a particular country. The Firm has a comprehensive country risk management framework for assessing country risks, determining risk tolerance, and measuring and monitoring direct country exposures in the Firm. The Country Risk Management group is responsible for developing guidelines and policies for managing country risk in both emerging and developed countries. The Country Risk Management group actively monitors the various portfolios giving rise to country risk to ensure the Firm’s country risk exposures are diversified and that exposure levels are appropriate given the Firm’s strategy and risk tolerance relative to a country.
For information on the June 23, 2016 U.K. referendum on membership in the European Union, see Executive Overview on pages 5–7.
For a discussion of the Firm’s Country Risk Management organization, and country risk identification, measurement, monitoring and control, see pages 140–141 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
 
The following table presents the Firm’s top 20 exposures by country (excluding the U.S.) as of June 30, 2016. The selection of countries is based solely on the Firm’s largest total exposures by country, based on the Firm’s internal country risk management approach, and does not represent the Firm’s view of any actual or potentially adverse credit conditions. Country exposures may fluctuate from period to period due to client activity and market flows.
In the table below, the increase in the Germany exposure since March 31, 2016, largely reflects an increase in the balance of Euros placed with the German central bank, driven by changing client positions and prevailing market and liquidity conditions.
Top 20 country exposures
 
 
 
 
June 30, 2016

(in billions)
 
Lending(a)
Trading and investing(b)(c)
Other(d)
Total exposure
United Kingdom
 
$
34.5

$
19.4

$
0.8

$
54.7

Germany
 
35.4

17.1

0.3

52.8

Japan
 
19.9

6.1

0.3

26.3

France
 
12.9

8.9

0.1

21.9

China
 
8.5

6.6

1.2

16.3

Canada
 
11.8

2.9

0.1

14.8

Switzerland
 
9.3

0.3

5.1

14.7

Australia
 
7.2

4.7


11.9

Brazil
 
5.1

5.8


10.9

Netherlands
 
6.0

3.7

1.1

10.8

India
 
3.5

5.1

0.3

8.9

Hong Kong
 
2.2

2.3

4.0

8.5

Korea
 
5.2

2.4

0.5

8.1

Luxembourg
 
7.2

0.3


7.5

Italy
 
4.1

3.1

0.1

7.3

Singapore
 
2.2

1.3

1.4

4.9

Mexico
 
3.5

1.1


4.6

Saudi Arabia
 
3.4

0.9


4.3

Spain
 
3.3

0.8


4.1

Belgium
 
2.1

1.4


3.5

(a)
Lending includes loans and accrued interest receivable (net of collateral and the allowance for loan losses), deposits with banks, acceptances, other monetary assets, issued letters of credit net of participations, and unused commitments to extend credit. Excludes intra-day and operating exposures, such as from settlement and clearing activities.
(b)
Includes market-making inventory, AFS securities, counterparty exposure on derivative and securities financings net of collateral and hedging.
(c)
Includes single reference entity (“single-name”), index and tranched credit derivatives for which one or more of the underlying reference entities is in a country listed in the above table.
(d)
Includes capital invested in local entities and physical commodity inventory.




62


CAPITAL MANAGEMENT
Capital risk is the risk the Firm has an insufficient level and composition of capital to support the Firm’s business activities and associated risks during both normal economic environments and under stressed conditions. For a discussion on the Firm’s Capital Management see pages 149–158 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
A strong capital position is essential to the Firm’s business strategy and competitive position. Maintaining a strong balance sheet to manage through economic volatility is considered a strategic imperative by the Firm’s Board of Directors, CEO and Operating Committee. The Firm’s capital management strategy focuses on maintaining long-term stability to enable the Firm to build and invest in market-
 
leading businesses, even in a highly stressed environment. The Firm executes its capital management strategy through the establishment of minimum capital targets and a strong capital governance framework. The Firm’s minimum capital targets are set based on the most binding of three pillars: an internal assessment of the Firm’s capital needs; an estimation of required capital under the CCAR and Dodd Frank Act stress testing requirements; and current regulatory minimums. The capital governance framework includes regular monitoring of the Firm’s capital positions, stress testing and defining escalation protocols, both at the Firm and line of business level.

The following tables present the Firm’s Transitional and Fully Phased-In risk-based and leverage-based capital metrics under both the Basel III Standardized and Advanced Approaches. The Firm’s Basel III CET1 ratios exceed the regulatory minimum as of June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015.
 
Transitional
 
Fully Phased-In
June 30, 2016
(in millions, except ratios)
Standardized
 
Advanced
 
Minimum capital ratios(b)
 
Standardized
 
Advanced
 
Minimum capital ratios(c)
 
Risk-based capital metrics:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CET1 capital
$
179,593

 
$
179,593

 
 
 
$
178,916

 
$
178,916

 
 
 
Tier 1 capital
204,390

 
204,390

 
 
 
204,717

 
204,717

 
 
 
Total capital
238,999

 
227,865

 
 
 
236,940

 
225,806

 
 
 
Risk-weighted assets
1,469,430

 
1,497,509

 
 
 
1,477,165

 
1,505,708

 
 
 
CET1 capital ratio
12.2
%
 
12.0
%
 
6.25
%
 
12.1
%
 
11.9
%
 
10.5
%
 
Tier 1 capital ratio
13.9

 
13.6

 
7.75

 
13.9

 
13.6

 
12.0

 
Total capital ratio
16.3

 
15.2

 
9.75

 
16.0

 
15.0

 
14.0

 
Leverage-based capital metrics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Adjusted average assets
2,391,819

 
2,391,819

 
 
 
2,393,644

 
2,393,644

 
 
 
Tier 1 leverage ratio(a)
8.5
%
 
8.5
%
 
4.0

 
8.6
%
 
8.6
%
 
4.0

 
SLR leverage exposure
NA
 
$
3,094,545

 
 
 
NA
 
$
3,096,370

 
 
 
SLR
NA
 
6.6
%
 
NA
 
NA
 
6.6
%
 
5.0

(d) 
 
Transitional
 
Fully Phased-In
 
December 31, 2015
(in millions, except ratios)
Standardized
 
Advanced
 
Minimum capital ratios(b)
 
Standardized
 
Advanced
 
Minimum capital ratios(c)
 
Risk-based capital metrics:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CET1 capital
$
175,398

 
$
175,398

 
 
 
$
173,189

 
$
173,189

 
 
 
Tier 1 capital
200,482

 
200,482

 
 
 
199,047

 
199,047

 
 
 
Total capital
234,413

 
224,616

 
 
 
229,976

 
220,179

 
 
 
Risk-weighted assets
1,465,262

 
1,485,336

 
 
 
1,474,870

 
1,495,520

 
 
 
CET1 capital ratio
12.0
%
 
11.8
%
 
4.5
%
 
11.7
%
 
11.6
%
 
10.5
%
 
Tier 1 capital ratio
13.7

 
13.5

 
6.0

 
13.5

 
13.3

 
12.0

 
Total capital ratio
16.0

 
15.1

 
8.0

 
15.6

 
14.7

 
14.0

 
Leverage-based capital metrics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Adjusted average assets
2,358,471

 
2,358,471

 
 
 
2,360,499

 
2,360,499

 
 
 
Tier 1 leverage ratio(a)
8.5
%
 
8.5
%
 
4.0

 
8.4
%
 
8.4
%
 
4.0

 
SLR leverage exposure
NA
 
$
3,079,797

 
 
 
NA
 
$
3,079,119

 
 
 
SLR
NA
 
6.5

 
NA
 
NA
 
6.5
%
 
5.0

(d) 
Note: As of June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, the lower of the Standardized or Advanced capital ratios under each of the Transitional and Fully Phased-In approaches in the table above represents the Firm’s Collins Floor.
(a)
The Tier 1 leverage ratio is not a risk-based measure of capital. This ratio is calculated by dividing Tier 1 capital by adjusted average assets.
(b)
Represents the transitional minimum capital ratios applicable to the Firm under Basel III as of June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015. At June 30, 2016, the CET1 minimum capital ratio includes 0.625% resulting from the phase in of the Firm’s 2.5% capital conservation buffer and 1.125%, resulting from the phase in of the Firm’s estimated 4.5% globally systematically important banks (“GSIB”) surcharge, as of December 31, 2014, published by the Federal Reserve on July 20, 2015.
(c)
Represents the minimum capital ratios applicable to the Firm on a fully phased-in Basel III basis. At June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, the ratios include the Firm’s estimate of its Fully Phased-In U.S. GSIB surcharge of 3.5%, based on the final U.S. GSIB rule published by the Federal Reserve on July 20, 2015. The minimum capital ratios will be fully phased-in effective January 1, 2019. For additional information on the GSIB surcharge, see page 65.
(d)
In the case of the SLR, the fully phased-in minimum ratio is effective beginning January 1, 2018.

63


Basel III overview
Basel III capital rules, for large and internationally active U.S. bank holding companies and banks, including the Firm and its insured depository institution (“IDI”) subsidiaries, revised, among other things, the definition of capital and introduced a new CET1 capital requirement. Basel III presents two comprehensive methodologies for calculating risk weighted assets (“RWA”). A general (Standardized) approach (“Basel III Standardized”), and an advanced approach (“Basel III Advanced”); and sets out minimum capital ratios and overall capital adequacy standards. Certain of the requirements of Basel III are subject to phase-in periods that began on January 1, 2014 and continue through the end of 2018 (“transitional period”).
The capital adequacy of the Firm and its national bank subsidiaries is evaluated against the Basel III approach (Standardized or Advanced) which results in the lower ratio (the “Collins Floor”), as required by the Collins Amendment of the Dodd-Frank Act.
Basel III establishes capital requirements for calculating credit risk and market risk RWA, and in the case of Basel III Advanced, operational risk RWA. Key differences in the calculation of credit risk RWA between the Standardized and Advanced approaches are that for Basel III Advanced, credit risk RWA is based on risk-sensitive approaches which largely rely on the use of internal credit models and parameters, whereas for Basel III Standardized, credit risk RWA is generally based on supervisory risk-weightings which vary primarily by counterparty type and asset class. Market risk RWA is calculated on a generally consistent basis between Basel III Standardized and Basel III Advanced. In addition to the RWA calculated under these methodologies, the Firm may supplement such amounts to incorporate management judgment and feedback from its bank regulators.
Basel III also includes a requirement for Advanced Approach banking organizations, including the Firm, to calculate SLR. For additional information on SLR, see
page 67.
Basel III Fully Phased-In
Basel III capital rules will become fully phased-in on January 1, 2019, at which point the Firm will continue to calculate its capital ratios under both the Basel III Standardized and Advanced Approaches. While the Firm has imposed Basel III Standardized Fully Phased-In RWA limits on its lines of business, the Firm continues to manage each of the businesses (including line of business equity allocations), as well as the corporate functions, primarily on a Basel III Advanced Fully Phased-In basis.
 
For additional information on the Firm’s capital, RWA and capital ratios that are presented under Basel III Standardized and Advanced Fully Phased-In rules and the Firm’s and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.’s and Chase Bank USA, N.A.’s SLRs calculated under the Basel III Advanced Fully Phased-In rules, which are considered key regulatory capital measures, see Explanation and Reconciliation of the Firm’s Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Key Performance Measures on pages 16–17.
The Firm’s estimates of its Basel III Standardized and Advanced Fully Phased-In capital, RWA and capital ratios and of the Firm’s, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.’s, and Chase Bank USA, N.A.’s SLRs reflect management’s current understanding of the U.S. Basel III rules based on the current published rules and on the application of such rules to the Firm’s businesses as currently conducted. The actual impact on the Firm’s capital ratios and SLR as of the effective date of the rules may differ from the Firm’s current estimates depending on changes the Firm may make to its businesses in the future, further implementation guidance from the regulators, and regulatory approval of certain of the Firm’s internal risk models (or, alternatively, regulatory disapproval of the Firm’s internal risk models that have previously been conditionally approved).
Risk-based capital regulatory minimums
The Basel III rules include minimum capital ratio requirements that are subject to phase-in periods through the end of 2018. The capital adequacy of the Firm and its national bank subsidiaries, both during the transitional period and upon full phase-in, is evaluated against the Basel III approach (Standardized or Advanced) which results, for each quarter, in the lower ratio, the Collins Floor.
Certain banking organizations, including the Firm, will be required to hold additional amounts of capital to serve as a “capital conservation buffer.” The capital conservation buffer is intended to be used to absorb potential losses in times of financial or economic stress. If not maintained, the Firm could be limited in the amount of capital that may be distributed, including dividends and common equity repurchases. The capital conservation buffer is to be phased-in over time, beginning January 1, 2016 through January 1, 2019.


64


Further, the Firm will be required to hold additional levels of capital in the form of a GSIB surcharge and as an expansion of the capital conservation buffer, any countercyclical capital buffer requirement that may be imposed.
On July 20, 2015, the Federal Reserve issued a final rule requiring GSIBs to calculate their GSIB surcharge, on an annual basis, under two separately prescribed methods, and to be subject to the higher of the two. The first method (“Method 1”) reflects the GSIB surcharge as prescribed by Basel rules, and is calculated across five criteria: size, cross-jurisdictional activity, interconnectedness, complexity and substitutability. The second method (“Method 2”) modifies the requirements to include a measure of short-term wholesale funding in place of substitutability, and introduces a GSIB score “multiplication factor.”
On July 20, 2015, the date of the last published estimate, the Federal Reserve had estimated the Firm’s GSIB surcharge to be 2.5% under Method 1 and 4.5% under Method 2 as of December 31, 2014. Accordingly, the Firm’s minimum capital ratios applicable in 2016 include 1.125%, resulting from the phase-in of the 4.5% GSIB surcharge estimated at the date. Based upon data as of December 31, 2015, the Firm estimates its fully phased-in GSIB surcharge would be 2.5% of CET1 capital under Method 1 and 3.5% under Method 2. The reduction in the estimated GSIB surcharge to 3.5% is expected to be phased into the Firm’s minimum CET1 capital ratio commencing January 1, 2017.
The countercyclical capital buffer takes into account the macro financial environment in which large, internationally active banks function. As of December 31, 2015 the Federal Reserve reaffirmed setting the U.S. countercyclical capital buffer at 0%, and stated that it will review the amount at least annually. The countercyclical capital buffer can be increased if the Federal Reserve, FDIC and OCC determine that credit growth in the economy has become excessive and can be set at up to an additional 2.5% of RWA subject to a 12 month implementation period.
Based on the Firm’s most recent estimate of its GSIB surcharge and the current countercyclical buffer being set at 0%, the Firm estimates its fully phased-in CET1capital requirement would be 10.5% (reflecting the 4.5% CET1 capital requirement, the fully phased in 2.5% capital conservation buffer and the GSIB surcharge of 3.5%).
As well as meeting the capital ratio requirements of Basel III, the Firm must, in order to be “well-capitalized”, maintain a minimum 6% Tier 1 and 10% Total capital requirement. Each of the Firm’s IDI subsidiaries must maintain a minimum 5% Tier 1 leverage, 6.5% CET1, 8% Tier 1 and 10% Total capital requirement to meet the definition of “well-capitalized” under the Prompt Correction Action (“PCA”) requirements of the FDIC Improvement Act for IDI subsidiaries. The PCA standards for IDI subsidiaries were effective January 1, 2015.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Capital
A reconciliation of total stockholders’ equity to Basel III Fully Phased-In CET1 capital, Tier 1 capital and Basel III Advanced and Standardized Fully Phased-In Total capital is presented in the table below.
For additional information on the components of regulatory capital, see Note 20.
Capital components
 
(in millions)
June 30, 2016
Total stockholders’ equity
$
252,423

Less: Preferred stock
26,068

Common stockholders’ equity
226,355

Less:
 
Goodwill
47,303

Other intangible assets
917

Add:
 
Deferred tax liabilities(a)
3,220

Less: Other CET1 capital adjustments
2,439

Standardized/Advanced CET1 capital
178,916

Preferred stock
26,068

Less:
 
Other Tier 1 adjustments(b)
267

Standardized/Advanced Tier 1 capital
$
204,717

Long-term debt and other instruments qualifying as
Tier 2 capital
$
17,088

Qualifying allowance for credit losses
15,187

Other
(52
)
Standardized Fully Phased-In Tier 2 capital
$
32,223

Standardized Fully Phased-in Total capital
$
236,940

Adjustment in qualifying allowance for credit losses for Advanced Tier 2 capital
(11,134
)
Advanced Fully Phased-In Tier 2 capital
$
21,089

Advanced Fully Phased-In Total capital
$
225,806

 
 
(a)
Represents deferred tax liabilities related to tax-deductible goodwill and to identifiable intangibles created in nontaxable transactions, which are netted against goodwill and other intangibles when calculating TCE.
(b)
Includes the deduction associated with the permissible holdings of covered funds (as defined by the Volcker Rule) acquired after December 31, 2013. The deduction was not material as of June 30, 2016.


65


The following table presents a reconciliation of the Firm’s Basel III Transitional CET1 capital to the Firm’s estimated Basel III Fully Phased-In CET1 capital as of June 30, 2016.
(in millions)
June 30, 2016
Transitional CET1 capital
$
179,593

AOCI phase-in(a)
823

CET1 capital deduction phase-in(b)
(1,117
)
Intangibles deduction phase-in(c)
(329
)
Other adjustments to CET1 capital(d)
(54
)
Fully Phased-In CET1 capital
$
178,916

(a)
Includes the remaining balance of AOCI related to AFS debt securities and defined benefit pension and other postretirement employee benefit (“OPEB”) plans that will qualify as Basel III CET1 capital upon full phase-in.
(b)
Predominantly includes regulatory adjustments related to changes in DVA, as well as CET1 deductions for defined benefit pension plan assets and deferred tax assets related to net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards.
(c)
Relates to intangible assets, other than goodwill and MSRs, that are required to be deducted from CET1 capital upon full phase-in.
(d)
Includes minority interest and the Firm’s investments in its own CET1 capital instruments.

 
Capital rollforward
The following table presents the changes in Basel III Fully Phased-In CET1 capital, Tier 1 capital and Tier 2 capital for the six months ended June 30, 2016.
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2016

Standardized/Advanced CET1 capital at December 31, 2015
$
173,189

Net income applicable to common equity
10,897

Dividends declared on common stock
(3,414
)
Net purchase of treasury stock
(3,379
)
Changes in additional paid-in capital
(526
)
Changes related to AOCI(a)
1,557

Adjustment related to DVA(a)
491

Other
101

Increase in Standardized/Advanced CET1 capital
5,727

Standardized/Advanced CET1 capital at June 30, 2016
$
178,916

 
 
Standardized/Advanced Tier 1 capital at December 31, 2015
$
199,047

Change in CET1 capital
5,727

Net issuance of noncumulative perpetual preferred stock

Other
(57
)
Increase in Standardized/Advanced Tier 1 capital
5,670

Standardized/Advanced Tier 1 capital at June 30, 2016
$
204,717

 
 
Standardized Tier 2 capital at December 31, 2015
$
30,929

Change in long-term debt and other instruments qualifying as Tier 2
409

Change in qualifying allowance for credit losses
846

Other
39

Increase in Standardized Tier 2 capital
1,294

Standardized Tier 2 capital at June 30, 2016
$
32,223

Standardized Total capital at June 30, 2016
$
236,940

Advanced Tier 2 capital at December 31, 2015
$
21,132

Change in long-term debt and other instruments qualifying as Tier 2
409

Change in qualifying allowance for credit losses
(489
)
Other
37

Increase in Advanced Tier 2 capital
(43
)
Advanced Tier 2 capital at June 30, 2016
$
21,089

Advanced Total capital at June 30, 2016
$
225,806

(a)
Effective January 1, 2016, the adjustment reflects the impact of the adoption of DVA through OCI. For further discussion of the accounting change refer to Note 19.



66


RWA rollforward
The following table presents changes in the components of RWA under Basel III Standardized and Advanced Fully Phased-In for the six months ended June 30, 2016. The amounts in the rollforward categories are estimates, based on the predominant driver of the change.
 
Standardized
 
Advanced
Six months ended
June 30, 2016
(in billions)
Credit risk RWA
Market risk RWA
Total RWA
 
Credit risk RWA
Market risk RWA
Operational risk
RWA
Total RWA
At December 31, 2015
$
1,333

$
142

$
1,475

 
$
954

$
142

$
400

$
1,496

Model & data changes(a)
4

(13
)
(9
)
 
4

(13
)

(9
)
Portfolio runoff(b)
(8
)
(2
)
(10
)
 
(8
)
(2
)

(10
)
Movement in portfolio levels(c)
18

3

21

 
27

2


29

Changes in RWA
14

(12
)
2

 
23

(13
)

10

June 30, 2016
$
1,347

$
130

$
1,477

 
$
977

$
129

$
400

$
1,506

(a)
Model & data changes refer to movements in levels of RWA as a result of revised methodologies and/or treatment per regulatory guidance (exclusive of rule changes).
(b)
Portfolio runoff for credit risk RWA primarily reflects reduced risk from position rolloffs in legacy portfolios in Mortgage Banking (under both the Standardized and Advanced framework); and for market risk RWA reflects reduced risk from position rolloffs in legacy portfolios in the wholesale businesses.
(c)
Movement in portfolio levels for credit risk RWA refers to changes in book size, composition, credit quality, and market movements; and for market risk RWA refers to changes in position and market movements.
Supplementary leverage ratio
For additional information on the SLR, see Capital Management on pages 149–158 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
The following table presents the components of the Firm’s Fully Phased-In SLR as of June 30, 2016.
(in millions, except ratio)
June 30,
2016
Tier 1 Capital
$
204,717

Total average assets
2,441,189

Less: amounts deducted from Tier 1 capital
47,545

Total adjusted average assets(a)
2,393,644

Off-balance sheet exposures(b)
702,726

SLR leverage exposure
$
3,096,370

SLR
6.6
%
(a)
Adjusted average assets, for purposes of calculating the SLR, includes total quarterly average assets adjusted for on-balance sheet assets that are subject to deduction from Tier 1 capital predominantly goodwill and other intangible assets.
(b)
Off-balance sheet exposures are calculated as the average of the three month-end spot balances in the reporting quarter.
 
 
 
 
 
As of June 30, 2016, the Firm estimates that JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.’s and Chase Bank USA, N.A.’s Fully Phased-In SLRs are approximately 6.6% and 8.8%, respectively.
Line of business equity
The Firm’s framework for allocating capital to its business segments (line of business equity) is based on the following objectives:
Integrate firmwide and line of business capital management activities;
Measure performance consistently across all lines of business; and
Provide comparability with peer firms for each of the lines of business
 
Each business segment is allocated capital by taking into consideration stand-alone peer comparisons, regulatory capital requirements (as estimated under Basel III Advanced Fully Phased-In) and economic risk. Capital is also allocated to each line of business for, among other things, goodwill and other intangibles associated with acquisitions effected by the line of business. ROE is measured and internal targets for expected returns are established as key measures of a business segment’s performance.
Line of business common equity
 

(in billions)
June 30,
2016
 
December 31, 2015
Consumer & Community Banking
$
51.0

 
$
51.0

Corporate & Investment Bank
64.0

 
62.0

Commercial Banking
16.0

 
14.0

Asset Management
9.0

 
9.0

Corporate
86.4

 
85.5

Total common stockholders’ equity
$
226.4

 
$
221.5

On at least an annual basis, the Firm assesses the level of capital required for each line of business as well as the assumptions and methodologies used to allocate capital. The line of business equity allocations are updated as refinements are implemented. The table below reflects the Firm’s assessed level of capital required for each line of business as of the dates indicated.
Line of business common equity
 
Quarterly average
(in billions)
 
2Q16

 
4Q15

 
2Q15

Consumer & Community Banking
 
$
51.0

 
$
51.0

 
$
51.0

Corporate & Investment Bank
 
64.0

 
62.0

 
62.0

Commercial Banking
 
16.0

 
14.0

 
14.0

Asset Management
 
9.0

 
9.0

 
9.0

Corporate
 
84.4

 
83.5

 
77.7

Total common stockholders’ equity
 
$
224.4

 
$
219.5

 
$
213.7




67


Planning and stress testing
CCAR
The Federal Reserve requires large bank holding companies, including the Firm, to submit a capital plan on an annual basis. Through the CCAR, the Federal Reserve evaluates each bank holding company’s (“BHC”) capital adequacy and internal capital adequacy assessment processes, as well as its plans to make capital distributions, such as dividend payments or stock repurchases.
On June 29, 2016, the Federal Reserve informed the Firm that it did not object, on either a quantitative or qualitative basis, to the Firm’s 2016 capital plan.
Capital actions
Dividends
The Firm’s common stock dividend policy reflects JPMorgan Chase’s earnings outlook, desired dividend payout ratio, capital objectives, and alternative investment opportunities. On May 17, 2016, the Firm announced that its Board of Directors had increased the quarterly common stock dividend to $0.48 per share, effective with the dividend paid on July 31, 2016. The Firm’s dividends will be subject to the Board of Directors’ approval at the customary times those dividends are to be declared.
Common equity
On March 17, 2016, the Firm announced that its Board of Directors had authorized the repurchase of up to an additional $1.9 billion of common equity (common stock and warrants) through June 30, 2016 under its equity repurchase program. This amount is in addition to the $6.4 billion of common equity that was previously authorized for repurchase between April 1, 2015 and June 30, 2016.
Following receipt of the Federal Reserve’s non-objection to the Firm’s 2016 capital plan the Firm’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $10.6 billion of common equity (common stock and warrants) between July 1, 2016 and June 30, 2017. This authorization includes shares repurchased to offset issuances under the Firm’s equity-based compensation plans.
The following table sets forth the Firm’s repurchases of common equity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015. There were no warrants repurchased during the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015.
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
 
2016
2015
2016
2015
Total shares of common stock repurchased
 
45.8

19.2

75.0

51.7

Aggregate common stock repurchases
 
$
2,840

$
1,249

$
4,536

$
3,149

There were 47.3 million warrants outstanding at June 30, 2016 compared with 47.4 million outstanding at December 31, 2015.
 
The Firm may, from time to time, enter into written trading plans under Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 to facilitate repurchases in accordance with the common equity repurchase program. A Rule 10b5-1 repurchase plan allows the Firm to repurchase its equity during periods when it would not otherwise be repurchasing common equity — for example, during internal trading blackout periods. All purchases under a Rule 10b5-1 plan must be made according to a predefined plan established when the Firm is not aware of material nonpublic information.
The authorization to repurchase common equity will be utilized at management’s discretion, and the timing of purchases and the exact amount of common equity that may be repurchased is subject to various factors, including market conditions; legal and regulatory considerations affecting the amount and timing of repurchase activity; the Firm’s capital position (taking into account goodwill and intangibles); internal capital generation; and alternative investment opportunities. The repurchase program does not include specific price targets or timetables; may be executed through open market purchases or privately negotiated transactions, or utilizing Rule 10b5-1 programs; and may be suspended at any time.
For additional information regarding repurchases of the Firm’s equity securities, see Part II, Item 5: Market for registrant’s common equity, related stockholder matters and issuer purchases of equity securities on page 20 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Form 10-K.
Preferred Stock
Preferred stock dividends declared were $411 million and $823 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016.
For additional information on the Firm’s preferred stock, see Note 22 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.


68


Other capital requirements
TLAC
In November 2015, the Financial Stability Board (“FSB”) finalized the Total Loss Absorbing Capacity (“TLAC”) standard for GSIBs, which establishes the criteria for TLAC eligible debt and capital instruments and defines the minimum requirements for amounts of loss absorbing and recapitalization capacity. This amount and type of debt and capital instruments is intended to effectively absorb losses, as necessary, upon the failure of a GSIB, without imposing such losses on taxpayers of the relevant jurisdiction or causing severe systemic disruptions, and thereby ensuring the continuity of the GSIB’s critical functions. The final standard will require GSIBs to meet a common minimum TLAC requirement beginning January 1, 2019.
On October 30, 2015, the Federal Reserve issued proposed rules that would require the top-tier holding companies of eight U.S. global systemically important bank holding companies, including the Firm, among other things, to maintain minimum levels of eligible TLAC and long-term debt satisfying certain eligibility criteria (“eligible LTD”) commencing January 1, 2019. These proposed TLAC rules would disqualify from eligible LTD, among other instruments, senior debt securities that permit acceleration for reasons other than insolvency or payment default, as well as structured notes and debt securities not governed by U.S. law. The Firm is awaiting the publication of the final rules to determine the full impact on the amount of eligible LTD the Firm will need to issue to be compliant.  
For additional information on TLAC, see Capital Management on page 156 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.

 
Broker-dealer regulatory capital
JPMorgan Chase’s principal U.S. broker-dealer subsidiaries are JPMorgan Securities and J.P. Morgan Clearing Corp. (“JPMorgan Clearing”). JPMorgan Clearing is a subsidiary of JPMorgan Securities and provides clearing and settlement services. JPMorgan Securities and JPMorgan Clearing are each subject to Rule 15c3-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Net Capital Rule”). JPMorgan Securities and JPMorgan Clearing are also each registered as futures commission merchants and subject to Rule 1.17 of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”).
JPMorgan Securities and JPMorgan Clearing have elected to compute their minimum net capital requirements in accordance with the “Alternative Net Capital Requirements” of the Net Capital Rule. At June 30, 2016, JPMorgan Securities’ net capital, as defined by the Net Capital Rule, was $13.6 billion, exceeding the minimum requirement by $11.0 billion, and JPMorgan Clearing’s net capital was $7.2 billion, exceeding the minimum requirement by $5.6 billion.
In addition to its minimum net capital requirement, JPMorgan Securities is required to hold tentative net capital in excess of $1.0 billion and is also required to notify the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) in the event that tentative net capital is less than $5.0 billion, in accordance with the market and credit risk standards of Appendix E of the Net Capital Rule. As of June 30, 2016, JPMorgan Securities had tentative net capital in excess of the minimum and notification requirements.
J.P. Morgan Securities plc is a wholly-owned subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and is the Firm’s principal operating subsidiary in the U.K. It has authority to engage in banking, investment banking and broker-dealer activities. J.P. Morgan Securities plc is jointly regulated by the U.K. Prudential Regulation Authority (“PRA”) and Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”). J.P. Morgan Securities plc is subject to the European Union Capital Requirements Regulation and U.K. PRA capital rules, which implement Basel III.
At June 30, 2016, J.P. Morgan Securities plc had estimated total capital of $34.4 billion; its estimated CET1 capital ratio was 14.2% and its estimated Total capital ratio was 18.0%. Both capital ratios exceeded the minimum standards of 4.5% and 8.0%, respectively, under the transitional requirements of the European Union’s Basel III Capital Requirements Directive and Regulation, as well as the additional capital requirements specified by the PRA.



69


LIQUIDITY RISK MANAGEMENT
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Firm will be unable to meet its contractual and contingent obligations or that it does not have the appropriate amount, composition and tenor of funding and liquidity to support its assets. The following discussion of JPMorgan Chase’s Liquidity Risk Management should be read in conjunction with pages 159–164 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
LCR and NSFR
The U.S. LCR rule requires the Firm to measure the amount of HQLA held by the Firm in relation to estimated net cash outflows within a 30-day period during an acute stress event. The LCR was required to be 90% at January 1, 2016, increasing to a minimum of 100% on January 1, 2017 onward. At June 30, 2016, the Firm was compliant with the fully phased-in U.S. LCR.
The Basel Committee final standard for the net stable funding ratio (“Basel NSFR”) is intended to measure the “available” amount of stable funding over a one-year horizon. Basel NSFR will become a minimum standard by January 1, 2018 and requires that this ratio be equal to at least 100% on an ongoing basis.
On April 26, 2016, the U.S. NSFR proposal was released for large banks and bank holding companies and was largely consistent with Basel NSFR. The proposed requirement would apply beginning on January 1, 2018, consistent with the Basel NSFR timeline.
The Firm estimates it was compliant with the proposed U.S. NSFR based on data as of March 31, 2016, and on its current understanding of the proposed rule.
HQLA
HQLA is the amount of assets that qualify for inclusion in the U.S. LCR. HQLA primarily consists of cash and certain unencumbered high quality liquid assets as defined in the final rule.
On April 1, 2016, the Federal Reserve published a final rule permitting investment-grade, U.S. general obligation state and municipal securities that meet certain criteria to be included in HQLA for purposes of the U.S. LCR, subject to certain limits. The final rule became effective beginning July 1, 2016, and did not have a material effect on the Firm’s HQLA or LCR.
As of June 30, 2016, the Firm’s HQLA was $516 billion, compared with $496 billion as of December 31, 2015. The increase in HQLA primarily reflects deposit growth in excess of loan growth. HQLA may fluctuate from period to period primarily due to normal flows from client activity.
 
The following table presents HQLA included in the LCR, broken out by HQLA-eligible cash and securities as of June 30, 2016.
(in billions)
June 30, 2016
HQLA
 
Eligible cash(a)
$
303

Eligible securities(b)
213

Total HQLA
$
516

(a)
Cash on deposit at central banks.
(b)
Predominantly includes U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities, U.S. Treasuries, and sovereign bonds net of applicable haircuts under U.S. LCR rules.
In addition to HQLA, as of June 30, 2016, the Firm has approximately $234 billion of unencumbered marketable securities, such as equity securities and fixed income debt securities, available to raise liquidity, if required. Furthermore, the Firm maintains borrowing capacity at various Federal Home Loan Banks (“FHLBs”), the Federal Reserve Bank discount window and various other central banks as a result of collateral pledged by the Firm to such banks. Although available, the Firm does not view the borrowing capacity at the Federal Reserve Bank discount window and the various other central banks as a primary source of liquidity. As of June 30, 2016, the Firm’s remaining borrowing capacity at various FHLBs and the Federal Reserve Bank discount window was approximately $196 billion. This remaining borrowing capacity excludes the benefit of securities included above in HQLA or other unencumbered securities currently held at the Federal Reserve Bank discount window for which the Firm has not drawn liquidity.


70


Funding
Sources of funds
Management believes that the Firm’s unsecured and secured funding capacity is sufficient to meet its on- and off-balance sheet obligations.
The Firm funds its global balance sheet through diverse sources of funding including a stable deposit franchise as well as secured and unsecured funding in the capital markets. The Firm’s loan portfolio ($872.8 billion at June 30, 2016), is funded with a portion of the Firm’s deposits ($1,331.0 billion at June 30, 2016), and through securitizations and, with respect to a portion of the Firm’s real estate-related loans, with secured borrowings from the FHLBs. Deposits in excess of the amount utilized to fund loans are primarily invested in the Firm’s investment securities portfolio or deployed in cash or
 
other short-term liquid investments based on their interest rate and liquidity risk characteristics. Securities borrowed or purchased under resale agreements and trading assets- debt and equity instruments are primarily funded by the Firm’s securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase, trading liabilities–debt and equity instruments, and a portion of the Firm’s long-term debt and stockholders’ equity. In addition to funding securities borrowed or purchased under resale agreements and trading assets-debt and equity instruments, proceeds from the Firm’s debt and equity issuances are used to fund certain loans and other financial and non-financial assets, or may be invested in the Firm’s investment securities portfolio. See the discussion below for additional information relating to Deposits, Short-term funding, and Long-term funding and issuance.


Deposits
The table below summarizes, by line of business, the deposit balances as of June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, and the average deposit balances for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
 
June 30, 2016
December 31, 2015
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
Deposits
 
Average
 
Average
(in millions)
 
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
Consumer & Community Banking
$
586,074

$
557,645

 
$
583,115

$
529,448

 
$
572,699

$
520,850

Corporate & Investment Bank
418,416

395,228

 
407,084

412,859

 
399,853

429,154

Commercial Banking
171,944

172,470

 
169,090

186,078

 
170,105

191,711

Asset Management
148,967

146,766

 
151,214

152,563

 
150,915

155,386

Corporate
5,557

7,606

 
5,463

18,197

 
6,046

20,625

Total Firm
$
1,330,958

$
1,279,715

 
$
1,315,966

$
1,299,145

 
$
1,299,618

$
1,317,726

A key strength of the Firm is its diversified deposit franchise, through each of its lines of business, which
provides a stable source of funding and limits reliance on the wholesale funding markets. A significant portion of the Firm’s deposits are consumer deposits which are considered a stable source of liquidity. Additionally, the majority of the Firm’s wholesale operating deposits are also considered to be relatively stable sources of liquidity because they are generated from customers that maintain operating service relationships with the Firm.
As of June 30, 2016, the Firm’s loans-to-deposits ratio was 66%, compared with 65% at December 31, 2015.
Total deposits for the Firm were $1,331.0 billion as of June 30, 2016, compared with $1,279.7 billion at December 31, 2015 (60% and 61% of total liabilities at June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, respectively). The increase was attributable to higher consumer and wholesale deposits. The increase in consumer deposits was due to continued growth from new and existing customers, as well as the impact of low attrition rates. The increase in wholesale deposits was mainly driven by growth in client activity in CIB’s Treasury Services business.
 
The Firm has typically experienced higher customer deposit inflows at quarter-ends. Therefore, the Firm believes average deposit balances are generally more representative of deposit trends. The increase in the average deposits for the three months ended June 30, 2016, compared with the three months ended June 30, 2015, was driven by an increase in consumer deposits, largely offset by a decrease in wholesale deposits reflecting the Firm’s actions in 2015 to reduce non-operating deposits. The decrease in the average deposits for the six months ended June 30, 2016, compared with the six months ended June 30, 2015, was driven by a decrease in wholesale deposits reflecting the Firm’s actions in 2015 to reduce non-operating deposits, predominantly offset by an increase in consumer deposits. For further discussions of deposit and liability balance trends, see the discussion of the Firm’s Business Segment Results and the Consolidated Balance Sheets Analysis on pages 18–39 and pages 12–13, respectively.


71


The following table summarizes short-term and long-term funding, excluding deposits, as of June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, and average balances for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. For additional information, see the Consolidated Balance Sheets Analysis on pages 12–13 and Note 12.
 
June 30, 2016
December 31, 2015
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
Sources of funds (excluding deposits)
 
Average
 
Average
(in millions)
 
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
Commercial paper:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Wholesale funding
$
17,279

$
15,562

 
$
17,462

$
18,144

 
$
17,499

$
19,923

Client cash management


 

30,876

(g) 

34,563

Total commercial paper
$
17,279

$
15,562

 
$
17,462

$
49,020

 
$
17,499

$
54,486

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Obligations of Firm-administered multi-seller
conduits(a)
$
5,357

$
8,724

 
$
5,327

$
11,943

 
$
5,914

$
11,709

Other borrowed funds
$
19,945

$
21,105

 
$
20,107

$
31,673

 
$
20,169

$
31,559

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase
$
151,111

$
129,598

 
$
158,142

$
174,724

 
$
154,330

$
174,404

Securities loaned
11,943

18,174

 
15,132

20,616

 
15,741

21,601

Total securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase(b)(c)
$
163,054

$
147,772

 
$
173,274

$
195,340

 
$
170,071

$
196,005

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Senior notes
$
156,734

$
149,964

 
$
152,246

$
145,708

 
$
150,657

$
145,345

Trust preferred securities
3,966

3,969

 
3,969

3,997

 
3,970

4,719

Subordinated debt
23,770

25,027

 
25,176

27,316

 
25,271

28,257

Structured notes
36,087

32,813

 
35,602

31,057

 
34,576

30,738

Total long-term unsecured funding
$
220,557

$
211,773

 
$
216,993

$
208,078

 
$
214,474

$
209,059

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit card securitization(a)
$
28,955

$
27,906

 
$
27,014

$
31,976

 
$
27,356

$
31,272

Other securitizations(d)
1,641

1,760

 
1,700

1,941

 
1,729

1,974

FHLB advances
69,526

71,581

 
69,528

69,830

 
70,384

67,163

Other long-term secured funding(e)
5,544

5,297

 
5,205

4,354

 
5,085

4,339

Total long-term secured funding
$
105,666

$
106,544

 
$
103,447

$
108,101

 
$
104,554

$
104,748

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Preferred stock(f)
$
26,068

$
26,068

 
$
26,068

$
23,476

 
$
26,068

$
22,158

Common stockholders’ equity(f)
$
226,355

$
221,505

 
$
224,429

$
213,738

 
$
222,995

$
213,049

(a)
Included in beneficial interests issued by consolidated variable interest entities on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets.
(b)
Excludes federal funds purchased.
(c)
Excluded long-term structured repurchase agreements of $1.8 billion and $4.2 billion as of June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, respectively, and average balances of $2.7 billion and $3.7 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $3.1 billion and $3.3 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
(d)
Other securitizations include securitizations of student loans. The Firm’s wholesale businesses also securitize loans for client-driven transactions, which are not considered to be a source of funding for the Firm and are not included in the table.
(e)
Includes long-term structured notes which are secured.
(f)
For additional information on preferred stock and common stockholders’ equity see Capital Management on pages 63–69 and the Consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity on page 84; and Note 22 and Note 23 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
(g)
During the third quarter of 2015 the Firm completed the discontinuation of its commercial paper customer sweep cash management program.

Short-term funding
The Firm’s sources of short-term secured funding primarily consist of securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase. Securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase are secured predominantly by high-quality securities collateral, including government-issued debt and agency MBS, and constitute a significant portion of the federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements on the Consolidated balance sheets. The increase at June 30, 2016, from December 31, 2015, was due to higher secured financing of investment securities in the Chief Investment Office (“CIO”), and higher client-driven market-making activities in CIB. The decrease in the average balance of securities loaned or sold under
 
agreements to repurchase for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, compared with June 30, 2015, was largely due to lower secured financing of trading assets-debt and equity instruments in the CIB related to client-driven market-making activities. The balances associated with securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase fluctuate over time due to customers’ investment and financing activities; the Firm’s demand for financing; the ongoing management of the mix of the Firm’s liabilities, including its secured and unsecured financing (for both the investment securities and market-making portfolios); and other market and portfolio factors.


72


Long-term funding and issuance
Long-term funding provides additional sources of stable funding and liquidity for the Firm. The Firm’s long-term funding plan is driven by expected client activity, liquidity considerations, and regulatory requirements. Long-term funding objectives include maintaining diversification, maximizing market access and optimizing funding costs, as well as maintaining a certain level of liquidity at JPMorgan Chase & Co. (the “Parent Company”). The Firm evaluates various funding markets, tenors and currencies in creating its optimal long-term funding plan.
The significant majority of the Firm’s long-term unsecured funding is issued by the Parent Company to provide maximum flexibility in support of both bank and nonbank subsidiary funding. The following table summarizes long-term unsecured issuance and maturities or redemptions for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015. For additional information, see Note 21 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
 
Long-term unsecured funding
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2016
2015
2016
2015
Issuance
 
 
 
 
Senior notes issued in the U.S. market
$
5,968

$
3,734

$
13,187

$
13,586

Senior notes issued in non-U.S. markets
4,891

3,059

4,891

7,284

Total senior notes
10,859

6,793

18,078

20,870

Subordinated debt

1,722


1,722

Structured notes
5,278

5,696

13,611

12,609

Total long-term unsecured funding – issuance
$
16,137

$
14,211

$
31,689

$
35,201

 
 
 
 
 
Maturities/redemptions
 
 
 
 
Senior notes
$
6,499

$
3,524

$
16,310

$
12,719

Trust preferred securities

1,500


1,500

Subordinated debt
2,000

2,226

2,002

3,032

Structured notes
4,437

4,504

8,541

10,324

Total long-term unsecured funding – maturities/redemptions
$
12,936

$
11,754

$
26,853

$
27,575



The Firm raises secured long-term funding primarily through securitization of consumer credit card loans and advances from the FHLBs. The following table summarizes the securitization issuance and FHLB advances and their respective maturities or redemptions for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
Long-term secured funding
Issuance
 
Maturities/Redemptions
 
Issuance
 
Maturities/Redemptions
(in millions)
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
Credit card securitization
$
3,814

$
3,650

 
$
2,350

$
3,785

 
$
3,814

$
6,126

 
$
2,775

$
6,130

Other securitizations(a)


 
61

63

 


 
119

128

FHLB advances

7,850

 
3

2,002

 

12,550

 
2,054

5,003

Other long-term secured funding(b)
236

139

 
46

91

 
326

263

 
89

209

Total long-term secured funding
$
4,050

$
11,639

 
$
2,460

$
5,941

 
$
4,140

$
18,939

 
$
5,037

$
11,470

(a)
Other securitizations includes securitizations of student loans.
(b)
Includes long-term structured notes which are secured.
The Firm’s wholesale businesses also securitize loans for client-driven transactions; those client-driven loan securitizations are not considered to be a source of funding for the Firm and are not included in the table above. For further description of the client-driven loan securitizations, see Note 16 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
Credit ratings
The cost and availability of financing are influenced by credit ratings. Reductions in these ratings could have an adverse effect on the Firm’s access to liquidity sources, increase the cost of funds, trigger additional collateral or funding requirements and decrease the number of investors and counterparties willing to lend to the Firm.
 
Additionally, the Firm’s funding requirements for VIEs and other third party commitments may be adversely affected by a decline in credit ratings. For additional information on the impact of a credit ratings downgrade on the funding requirements for VIEs, and on derivatives and collateral agreements, see Special-purpose entities on page 14, and credit risk, liquidity risk and credit-related contingent features in Note 5.


73


The credit ratings of the Parent Company and the Firm’s principal bank and nonbank subsidiaries as of June 30, 2016, were as follows.
 
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
 
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
Chase Bank USA, N.A.
 
J.P. Morgan Securities LLC
June 30, 2016
Long-term issuer
Short-term issuer
Outlook
 
Long-term issuer
Short-term issuer
Outlook
 
Long-term issuer
Short-term issuer
Outlook
Moody’s
A3
P-2
Stable
 
Aa3
P-1
Stable
 
Aa3
P-1
Stable
Standard & Poor’s
A-
A-2
Stable
 
A+
A-1
Stable
 
A+
A-1
Stable
Fitch Ratings
A+
F1
Stable
 
AA-
F1+
Stable
 
AA-
F1+
Stable
Downgrades of the Firm’s long-term ratings by one or two notches could result in an increase in its cost of funds, and access to certain funding markets could be reduced as noted above. The nature and magnitude of the impact of ratings downgrades depends on numerous contractual and behavioral factors (which the Firm believes are incorporated in its liquidity risk and stress testing metrics). The Firm believes that it maintains sufficient liquidity to withstand a potential decrease in funding capacity due to ratings downgrades.
JPMorgan Chase’s unsecured debt does not contain requirements that would call for an acceleration of payments, maturities or changes in the structure of the existing debt, provide any limitations on future borrowings or require additional collateral, based on unfavorable changes in the Firm’s credit ratings, financial ratios, earnings, or stock price.
 
Critical factors in maintaining high credit ratings include a stable and diverse earnings stream, strong capital ratios, strong credit quality and risk management controls, diverse funding sources, and disciplined liquidity monitoring procedures. Rating agencies continue to evaluate economic and geopolitical trends, regulatory developments, future profitability, risk management practices, and litigation matters, as well as their broader ratings methodologies. Changes in any of these factors could lead to changes in the Firm’s credit ratings.
Although the Firm closely monitors and endeavors to manage, to the extent it is able, factors influencing its credit ratings, there is no assurance that its credit ratings will not be changed in the future.





74


SUPERVISION AND REGULATION
For further information on Supervision and Regulation, see the Supervision and regulation section on pages 1–8 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Form 10-K.
For more information about the applicable requirements relating to risk-based capital and leverage in the U.S. under Basel III, see Capital Management on pages 63–69 and
Note 20.
Under Basel III, bank holding companies and banks are required to measure their liquidity against two specific liquidity tests: the LCR and the NSFR. For additional information on these ratios, see Liquidity Risk Management on pages 70–74.
For additional information on the Firm’s CCAR, see Capital Management on pages 63–69.
 
For further information on the current and potential impact of the Basel III framework, including GSIB requirements, and TLAC, see Capital Management on pages 63–69.
For information on the net capital of J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and J.P. Morgan Clearing Corp., and the applicable requirements relating to risk-based capital for J.P. Morgan Securities plc, see Capital Management on pages 63–69.
Dividends
At June 30, 2016, JPMorgan Chase estimated that its banking subsidiaries could pay, in the aggregate, approximately $29 billion in dividends to their respective bank holding companies without the prior approval of their relevant banking regulators.



75


CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES USED BY THE FIRM
JPMorgan Chase’s accounting policies and use of estimates are integral to understanding its reported results. The Firm’s most complex accounting estimates require management’s judgment to ascertain the appropriate carrying value of assets and liabilities. The Firm has established policies and control procedures intended to ensure that estimation methods, including any judgments made as part of such methods, are well-controlled, independently reviewed and applied consistently from period to period. The methods used and judgments made reflect, among other factors, the nature of the assets or liabilities and the related business and risk management strategies, which may vary across the Firm’s businesses and portfolios. In addition, the policies and procedures are intended to ensure that the process for changing methodologies occurs in an appropriate manner. The Firm believes its estimates for determining the carrying value of its assets and liabilities are appropriate. The following is a brief description of the Firm’s critical accounting estimates involving significant judgments.
Allowance for credit losses
JPMorgan Chase’s allowance for credit losses covers the retained consumer and wholesale loan portfolios, as well as the Firm’s wholesale and certain consumer lending-related commitments. The allowance for loan losses is intended to adjust the carrying value of the Firm’s loan assets to reflect probable credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio as of the balance sheet date. Similarly, the allowance for lending-related commitments is established to cover probable credit losses inherent in the lending-related commitments portfolio as of the balance sheet date. For further discussion of the methodologies used in establishing the Firm’s allowance for credit losses and the significant judgments involved, see Allowance for credit losses on pages 130–132, 165–167 and Note 15 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report; for amounts recorded as of June 30, 2016 and 2015, see Allowance for credit losses on pages 55–57 and Note 14 of this Form 10-Q.
As noted in the discussion on pages 165–167 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report, the Firm’s allowance for credit losses is sensitive to numerous factors, which may differ depending on the portfolio. Changes in economic conditions or in the Firm’s assumptions and estimates could affect its estimate of probable credit losses inherent in the portfolio at the balance sheet date. The Firm uses its best judgment to assess these economic conditions and loss data in estimating the allowance for credit losses and these estimates are subject to periodic refinement based on any changes to underlying external and Firm-specific historical data. In many cases, the use of alternate estimates (for example, the effect of home prices and unemployment rates on consumer delinquency, or the calibration between the Firm’s wholesale loan risk ratings and external credit ratings) or data sources (for example, external probability of default (“PD”) and loss given default (“LGD”) factors that incorporate industry-wide information, versus Firm-specific history) would result in a different estimated allowance for credit losses. To illustrate the potential magnitude of
 
certain alternate judgments, the Firm estimates that changes in the following inputs would have the following effects on the Firm’s modeled credit loss estimates as of June 30, 2016, without consideration of any offsetting or correlated effects of other inputs in the Firm’s allowance for loan losses:
For PCI loans, a combined 5% decline in housing prices and a 1% increase in unemployment rates from current levels could imply an increase to modeled credit loss estimates of approximately $600 million.
For the residential real estate portfolio, excluding PCI loans, a combined 5% decline in housing prices and a 1% increase in unemployment rates from current levels could imply an increase to modeled annual loss estimates of approximately $150 million.
A 50 basis point deterioration in forecasted credit card loss rates could imply an increase to modeled annualized credit card loan loss estimates of approximately $675 million.
An increase in PD factors consistent with a one-notch downgrade in the Firm’s internal risk ratings for its entire wholesale loan portfolio could imply an increase in the Firm’s modeled credit loss estimates of approximately $1.9 billion.
A 100 basis point increase in estimated LGD for the Firm’s entire wholesale loan portfolio could imply an increase in the Firm’s modeled credit loss estimates of approximately $175 million.
The purpose of these sensitivity analyses is to provide an indication of the isolated impacts of hypothetical alternative assumptions on modeled loss estimates. The changes in the inputs presented above are not intended to imply management’s expectation of future deterioration of those risk factors. In addition, these analyses are not intended to estimate changes in the overall allowance for loan losses, which would also be influenced by the judgment management applies to the modeled loss estimates to reflect the uncertainty and imprecision of these modeled loss estimates based on then-current circumstances and conditions.
It is difficult to estimate how potential changes in specific factors might affect the overall allowance for credit losses because management considers a variety of factors and inputs in estimating the allowance for credit losses. Changes in these factors and inputs may not occur at the same rate and may not be consistent across all geographies or product types, and changes in factors may be directionally inconsistent, such that improvement in one factor may offset deterioration in other factors. In addition, it is difficult to predict how changes in specific economic conditions or assumptions could affect borrower behavior or other factors considered by management in estimating the allowance for credit losses. Given the process the Firm follows and the judgments made in evaluating the risk factors related to its loss estimates, management believes that its current estimate of the allowance for credit losses is appropriate.


76


Fair value of financial instruments, MSRs and commodities inventory
Assets measured at fair value
The following table includes the Firm’s assets measured at fair value and the portion of such assets that are classified within level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. For further information, see Note 3.
June 30, 2016
(in billions, except ratio data)
Total assets at fair value
 
Total level 3 assets
Trading debt and equity instruments
$
302.3

 
 
$
9.7

Derivative receivables(a)
78.4

 
 
7.3

Trading assets
380.7

 
 
17.0

AFS securities
224.8

 
 
0.8

Loans
1.9

 
 
0.8

MSRs
5.1

 
 
5.1

Private equity investments(b)
1.7

 
 
1.7

Other
28.0

 
 
0.7

Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis
642.2

 
 
26.1

Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
0.8

 
 
0.5

Total assets measured at fair value
$
643.0

 
 
$
26.6

Total Firm assets
$
2,466.1

 
 
 
Level 3 assets as a percentage of total Firm assets(a)
 
 
 
1.1
%
Level 3 assets as a percentage of total Firm assets at fair value(a)
 
 
 
4.1
%
(a)
For purposes of table above, the derivative receivables total reflects the impact of netting adjustments; however, the $7.3 billion of derivative receivables classified as level 3 does not reflect the netting adjustment as such netting is not relevant to a presentation based on the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset. However, if the Firm were to net such balances within level 3, the reduction in the level 3 derivative receivables balance would be $1.6 billion at June 30, 2016; this is exclusive of the netting benefit associated with cash collateral, which would further reduce the level 3 balances.
(b)
Private equity instruments represent investments within Corporate.
Valuation
Estimating fair value requires the application of judgment. The type and level of judgment required is largely dependent on the amount of observable market information available to the Firm. For instruments valued using internally developed models that use significant unobservable inputs and are therefore classified within level 3 of the valuation hierarchy, judgments used to estimate fair value are more significant than those required when estimating the fair value of instruments classified within levels 1 and 2.
In arriving at an estimate of fair value for an instrument within level 3, management must first determine the appropriate model to use. Second, the lack of observability of certain significant inputs requires management to assess all relevant empirical data in deriving valuation inputs — including, for example, transaction details, yield curves, interest rates, prepayment rates, default rates, volatilities, correlations, equity or debt prices, valuations of comparable instruments, foreign exchange rates and credit curves. For further discussion of the valuation of level 3 instruments, including unobservable inputs used, see
Note 3.
For instruments classified in levels 2 and 3, management judgment must be applied to assess the appropriate level of valuation adjustments to reflect counterparty credit quality,
 
the Firm’s credit-worthiness, market funding rates, liquidity considerations, unobservable parameters, and for portfolios that meet specified criteria, the size of the net open risk position. The judgments made are typically affected by the type of product and its specific contractual terms, and the level of liquidity for the product or within the market as a whole. For further discussion of valuation adjustments applied by the Firm, see Note 3.
Imprecision in estimating unobservable market inputs or other factors can affect the amount of gain or loss recorded for a particular position. Furthermore, while the Firm believes its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with those of other market participants, the methods and assumptions used reflect management judgment and may vary across the Firm’s businesses and portfolios.
The Firm uses various methodologies and assumptions in the determination of fair value. The use of methodologies or assumptions different than those used by the Firm could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date. For a detailed discussion of the Firm’s valuation process and hierarchy, and its determination of fair value for individual financial instruments, see Note 3.
Goodwill impairment
Management applies significant judgment when testing goodwill for impairment. For a description of the significant valuation judgments associated with goodwill impairment, see Goodwill impairment on page 168 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
For the three months ended June 30, 2016, the Firm reviewed current conditions (including the estimated effects of regulatory and legislative changes and the current estimated market cost of equity) and prior projections of business performance for all its businesses. Based upon such reviews, the Firm concluded that the goodwill allocated to its reporting units was not impaired as of June 30, 2016.
Declines in business performance, increases in credit losses, increases in equity capital requirements, as well as deterioration in economic or market conditions, adverse estimates of the impact of regulatory or legislative changes or increases in the estimated market cost of equity, could cause the estimated fair values of the Firm’s reporting units or their associated goodwill to decline in the future, which could result in a material impairment charge to earnings in a future period related to some portion of the associated goodwill.
For additional information on goodwill, see Note 16.
Income taxes
For a description of the significant assumptions, judgments and interpretations associated with the accounting for income taxes, see Income taxes on page 169 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
Litigation reserves
For a description of the significant estimates and judgments associated with establishing litigation reserves, see Note 23 of this Form 10-Q, and Note 31 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.


77


ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING DEVELOPMENTS
Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Standards Adopted since January 1, 2016
 
 
 
 
 
Standard
 
Summary of guidance
 
Effects on financial statements
Amendments to the consolidation analysis


 
 • Eliminates the deferral issued by the FASB in February 2010 of VIE-related accounting requirements for certain investment funds, including mutual funds, private equity funds and hedge funds.
 • Amends the evaluation of fees paid to a decision-maker or a service provider, and exempts certain money market funds from consolidation.
 
 • Adopted January 1, 2016.
 • There was no material impact on the Firm’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
 • For further information, see Note 1.
Improvements to employee share-based payment accounting
 
 • Requires that all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies that pertain to employee stock-based incentive payments be recognized within income tax expense in the Consolidated statements of income, rather than within additional paid-in capital.

 
 • Adopted January 1, 2016.
 • There was no material impact on the Firm’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
Measuring the financial assets and financial liabilities of a consolidated collateralized financing entity

 
 • Provides an alternative for consolidated financing VIEs to elect: (1) to measure their financial assets and liabilities separately under existing U.S. GAAP for fair value measurement with any differences in such fair values reflected in earnings; or (2) to measure both their financial assets and liabilities using the more observable of the fair value of the financial assets or the fair value of the financial liabilities.
 
 • Adopted January 1, 2016.
 • There was no material impact on the Firm’s Consolidated Financial Statements as the Firm has historically measured the financial assets and liabilities using the more observable fair value.
Recognition and measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities – DVA to OCI
 
 • For financial liabilities where the fair value option has been elected, the portion of the total change in fair value caused by changes in the Firm’s own credit risk (i.e., DVA) is required to be presented separately in other comprehensive income (“OCI“).
 • Requires a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption.
 
 • Adopted January 1, 2016.
 • There was no material impact on the Firm’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
 • For additional information about the impact of the
adoption of the new accounting guidance, see
Notes 3, 4 and 19.


78




FASB Standards Issued but not yet Adopted
 
 
 
 
 
Standard
 
Summary of guidance
 
Effects on financial statements
Revenue recognition – revenue from contracts with customers

Issued May 2014

 
 • Requires that revenue from contracts with customers be recognized upon transfer of control of a good or service in the amount of consideration expected to be received.
 • Changes the accounting for certain contract costs, including whether they may be offset against revenue in the statements of income, and requires additional disclosures about revenue and contract costs.
 • May be adopted using a full retrospective approach or a modified, cumulative effect-type approach wherein the guidance is applied only to existing contracts as of the date of initial application, and to new contracts transacted after that date.
 
 • Required effective date: January 1, 2018.(a)
 • Because the guidance does not apply to revenue associated with financial instruments, including loans and securities that are accounted for under other U.S. GAAP, the Firm does not expect the new revenue recognition guidance to have a material impact on the elements of its statements of income most closely associated with financial instruments, including securities gains, interest income and interest expense.
 • The Firm plans to adopt the revenue recognition guidance in the first quarter of 2018 and is currently evaluating the potential impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements and its selection of transition method.
Recognition and measurement of financial assets and financial liabilities

Issued January 2016

 
 • Requires that certain equity instruments be measured at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in earnings.
 • Generally requires a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the reporting period of adoption.
 
 • Required effective date: January 1, 2018.
 • The Firm is currently evaluating the potential impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Leases

Issued February 2016

 
 • Requires lessees to recognize all leases longer than twelve months on the Consolidated balance sheets as lease liabilities with corresponding right-of-use assets.
 • Requires lessees and lessors to classify most leases using principles similar to existing lease accounting, but eliminates the “bright line” classification tests.
 • Requires lessees and lessors to expand qualitative and quantitative disclosures regarding their leasing arrangements.
 
 • Required effective date: January 1, 2019.(a)
 • The Firm is currently evaluating the potential impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Financial instruments - credit losses

Issued June 2016

 
 • Replaces existing incurred loss impairment guidance and establishes a single allowance framework for financial assets carried at amortized cost (including held-to-maturity securities), which will reflect management’s estimate of credit losses over the full remaining expected life of the financial assets.
 • Eliminates existing guidance for PCI loans, and requires recognition of an allowance for expected credit losses on financial assets purchased with more than insignificant credit deterioration since origination.
 • Amends existing impairment guidance for available-for-sale securities to incorporate an allowance, which will allow for reversals of impairment losses in the event that the credit of an issuer improves.
 • Requires a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the reporting period of adoption.
 
 • Required effective date: January 1, 2020.(b) 
 • The Firm expects that the new guidance will result in an increase in its allowance for credit losses due to several factors, including:
1.
The allowance related to the Firm’s loans and commitments will increase to cover credit losses over the full remaining expected life of the portfolio, and will consider expected future changes in macroeconomic conditions
2.
The nonaccretable difference on PCI loans will be recognized as an allowance, offset by an increase in the carrying value of the related loans
3.
An allowance will be established for estimated credit losses on HTM securities
• The extent of the increase is under evaluation, but will depend upon the nature and characteristics of the Firm’s portfolio at the adoption date, and the macroeconomic conditions and forecasts at that date.
(a)
Early adoption is permitted.
(b)
Early adoption is permitted on January 1, 2019.

79


FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
From time to time, the Firm has made and will make forward-looking statements. These statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. Forward-looking statements often use words such as “anticipate,” “target,” “expect,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “goal,” “believe,” or other words of similar meaning. Forward-looking statements provide JPMorgan Chase’s current expectations or forecasts of future events, circumstances, results or aspirations. JPMorgan Chase’s disclosures in this Form 10-Q contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The Firm also may make forward-looking statements in its other documents filed or furnished with the Securities and Exchange Commission. In addition, the Firm’s senior management may make forward-looking statements orally to investors, analysts, representatives of the media and others.
All forward-looking statements are, by their nature, subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond the Firm’s control. JPMorgan Chase’s actual future results may differ materially from those set forth in its forward-looking statements. While there is no assurance that any list of risks and uncertainties or risk factors is complete, below are certain factors which could cause actual results to differ from those in the forward-looking statements:
Local, regional and global business, economic and political conditions and geopolitical events;
Changes in laws and regulatory requirements, including capital and liquidity requirements affecting the Firm’s businesses, and the ability of the Firm to address those requirements;
Changes in trade, monetary and fiscal policies and laws;
Changes in income tax laws and regulations (including the adoption, as currently proposed, of Treasury regulations under Section 385 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code);
Securities and capital markets behavior, including changes in market liquidity and volatility;
Changes in investor sentiment or consumer spending or savings behavior;
Ability of the Firm to manage effectively its capital and liquidity, including approval of its capital plans by banking regulators;
Changes in credit ratings assigned to the Firm or its subsidiaries;
Damage to the Firm’s reputation;
Ability of the Firm to deal effectively with an economic slowdown or other economic or market disruption;
Technology changes instituted by the Firm, its counterparties or competitors;
 
The success of the Firm’s business simplification initiatives and the effectiveness of its control agenda;
Ability of the Firm to develop new products and services, and the extent to which products or services previously sold by the Firm (including but not limited to mortgages and asset-backed securities) require the Firm to incur liabilities or absorb losses not contemplated at their initiation or origination;
Acceptance of the Firm’s new and existing products and services by the marketplace and the ability of the Firm to innovate and to increase market share;
Ability of the Firm to attract and retain qualified employees;
Ability of the Firm to control expense;
Competitive pressures;
Changes in the credit quality of the Firm’s customers and counterparties;
Adequacy of the Firm’s risk management framework, disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting;
Adverse judicial or regulatory proceedings;
Changes in applicable accounting policies;
Ability of the Firm to determine accurate values of certain assets and liabilities;
Occurrence of natural or man-made disasters or calamities or conflicts and the Firm’s ability to deal effectively with disruptions caused by the foregoing;
Ability of the Firm to maintain the security and integrity of its financial, accounting, technology, data processing and other operating systems and facilities;
Ability of the Firm to effectively defend itself against cyberattacks and other attempts by unauthorized parties to access the Firm’s information or disrupt its systems; and
The other risks and uncertainties detailed in Part I,
Item 1A: Risk Factors in the Firm’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015.
Any forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of the Firm speak only as of the date they are made, and JPMorgan Chase does not undertake to update forward-looking statements to reflect the impact of circumstances or events that arise after the date the forward-looking statements were made. The reader should, however, consult any further disclosures of a forward-looking nature the Firm may make in any subsequent Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, or Current Reports on Form 8-K.




80


JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Consolidated statements of income (unaudited)
 
 
Three months ended
June 30,
 
Six months ended
June 30,
(in millions, except per share data)
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment banking fees
 
$
1,644

 
$
1,833

 
$
2,977

 
$
3,627

Principal transactions
 
2,976

 
2,834

 
5,655

 
6,489

Lending- and deposit-related fees
 
1,403

 
1,418

 
2,806

 
2,781

Asset management, administration and commissions
 
3,681

 
4,015

 
7,305

 
7,822

Securities gains(a)
 
21

 
44

 
72

 
96

Mortgage fees and related income
 
689

 
783

 
1,356

 
1,488

Card income
 
1,358

 
1,615

 
2,659

 
3,046

Other income
 
1,261

 
586

 
2,062

 
1,168

Noninterest revenue
 
13,033

 
13,128

 
24,892

 
26,517

Interest income
 
13,813

 
12,514

 
27,365

 
25,079

Interest expense
 
2,466

 
1,830

 
4,638

 
3,718

Net interest income
 
11,347

 
10,684

 
22,727

 
21,361

Total net revenue
 
24,380

 
23,812

 
47,619

 
47,878

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for credit losses
 
1,402

 
935

 
3,226

 
1,894

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noninterest expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation expense
 
7,778

 
7,694

 
15,438

 
15,737

Occupancy expense
 
899

 
923

 
1,782

 
1,856

Technology, communications and equipment expense
 
1,665

 
1,499

 
3,283

 
2,990

Professional and outside services
 
1,700

 
1,768

 
3,248

 
3,402

Marketing
 
672

 
642

 
1,375

 
1,233

Other expense
 
924

 
1,974

 
2,349

 
4,165

Total noninterest expense
 
13,638

 
14,500

 
27,475

 
29,383

Income before income tax expense
 
9,340

 
8,377

 
16,918

 
16,601

Income tax expense
 
3,140

 
2,087

 
5,198

 
4,397

Net income
 
$
6,200

 
$
6,290

 
$
11,720

 
$
12,204

Net income applicable to common stockholders
 
$
5,666

 
$
5,776

 
$
10,656

 
$
11,228

Net income per common share data
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic earnings per share
 
$
1.56

 
$
1.56

 
$
2.92

 
$
3.02

Diluted earnings per share
 
1.55

 
1.54

 
2.89

 
2.99

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted-average basic shares
 
3,635.8

 
3,707.8

 
3,652.9

 
3,716.6

Weighted-average diluted shares
 
3,666.5

 
3,743.6

 
3,681.7

 
3,750.5

Cash dividends declared per common share
 
$
0.48

 
$
0.44

 
$
0.92

 
$
0.84

(a)
The Firm recognized other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) losses of $32 million and $1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $38 million and $2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.

 
 
 
 
 


81


JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Consolidated statements of comprehensive income (unaudited)
 
 
Three months ended
June 30,
 
Six months ended
June 30,
(in millions)
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Net income
 
$
6,200

 
$
6,290

 
$
11,720

 
$
12,204

Other comprehensive income/(loss), after–tax
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities
 
867

 
(1,419
)
 
1,292

 
(1,330
)
Translation adjustments, net of hedges
 
3

 
3

 
1

 
(7
)
Cash flow hedges
 
(87
)
 
80

 
(157
)
 
157

Defined benefit pension and OPEB plans
 
56

 
8

 
81

 
93

DVA on fair value option elected liabilities
 
(3
)
 
NA

 
55

 
NA

Total other comprehensive income/(loss), after–tax
 
836

 
(1,328
)
 
1,272

 
(1,087
)
Comprehensive income
 
$
7,036

 
$
4,962

 
$
12,992

 
$
11,117

The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.



82


JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Consolidated balance sheets (unaudited)
(in millions, except share data)
Jun 30, 2016
 
Dec 31, 2015
Assets
 
 
 
Cash and due from banks
$
19,710

 
$
20,490

Deposits with banks
345,595

 
340,015

Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements (included $23,349 and $23,141 at fair value)
237,267

 
212,575

Securities borrowed (included $0 and $395 at fair value)
103,225

 
98,721

Trading assets (included assets pledged of $107,779 and $115,284)
380,793

 
343,839

Securities (included $224,799 and $241,754 at fair value and assets pledged of $23,789 and $14,883)
278,610

 
290,827

Loans (included $1,852 and $2,861 at fair value)
872,804

 
837,299

Allowance for loan losses
(14,227
)
 
(13,555
)
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses
858,577

 
823,744

Accrued interest and accounts receivable
64,911

 
46,605

Premises and equipment
14,262

 
14,362

Goodwill
47,303

 
47,325

Mortgage servicing rights
5,072

 
6,608

Other intangible assets
917

 
1,015

Other assets (included $7,309 and $7,604 at fair value and assets pledged of $1,378 and $1,286)
109,854

 
105,572

Total assets(a)
$
2,466,096

 
$
2,351,698

Liabilities
 
 
 
Deposits (included $12,292 and $12,516 at fair value)
$
1,330,958

 
$
1,279,715

Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements (included $1,722 and $3,526 at fair value)
166,044

 
152,678

Commercial paper
17,279

 
15,562

Other borrowed funds (included $9,869 and $9,911 at fair value)
19,945

 
21,105

Trading liabilities
158,958

 
126,897

Accounts payable and other liabilities (included $4,577 and $4,401 at fair value)
184,635

 
177,638

Beneficial interests issued by consolidated variable interest entities (included $586 and $787 at fair value)
40,227

 
41,879

Long-term debt (included $36,486 and $33,065 at fair value)
295,627

 
288,651

Total liabilities(a)
2,213,673

 
2,104,125

Commitments and contingencies (see Notes 21 and 23)


 


Stockholders’ equity
 
 
 
Preferred stock ($1 par value; authorized 200,000,000 shares; issued 2,606,750 shares)
26,068

 
26,068

Common stock ($1 par value; authorized 9,000,000,000 shares; issued 4,104,933,895 shares)
4,105

 
4,105

Additional paid-in capital
91,974

 
92,500

Retained earnings
153,749

 
146,420

Accumulated other comprehensive income
1,618

 
192

Shares held in restricted stock units (“RSU”) Trust, at cost (472,953 shares)
(21
)
 
(21
)
Treasury stock, at cost (492,951,535 and 441,459,392 shares)
(25,070
)
 
(21,691
)
Total stockholders’ equity
252,423

 
247,573

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
2,466,096

 
$
2,351,698

(a)
The following table presents information on assets and liabilities related to VIEs that are consolidated by the Firm at June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015. The difference between total VIE assets and liabilities represents the Firm’s interests in those entities, which were eliminated in consolidation.
(in millions)
Jun 30, 2016
 
Dec 31, 2015
Assets
 
 
 
Trading assets
$
4,261

 
$
3,736

Loans
68,888

 
75,104

All other assets
3,546

 
2,765

Total assets
$
76,695

 
$
81,605

Liabilities
 
 
 
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
$
40,227

 
$
41,879

All other liabilities
750

 
809

Total liabilities
$
40,977

 
$
42,688

The assets of the consolidated VIEs are used to settle the liabilities of those entities. The holders of the beneficial interests do not have recourse to the general credit of JPMorgan Chase. At June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, the Firm provided limited program-wide credit enhancements of $2.0 billion for each period related to its Firm-administered multi-seller conduits, which are eliminated in consolidation. For further discussion, see Note 15.
The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.

83


JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity (unaudited)
 
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except per share data)
 
2016
 
2015
Preferred stock
 
 
 
 
Balance at January 1
 
$
26,068

 
$
20,063

Issuance of preferred stock
 

 
4,855

Balance at June 30
 
26,068

 
24,918

Common stock
 
 
 
 
Balance at January 1 and June 30
 
4,105

 
4,105

Additional paid-in capital
 
 
 
 
Balance at January 1
 
92,500

 
93,270

Shares issued and commitments to issue common stock for employee stock-based compensation awards, and related tax effects
 
(539
)
 
(788
)
Other
 
13

 
(278
)
Balance at June 30
 
91,974

 
92,204

Retained earnings
 
 
 
 
Balance at January 1
 
146,420

 
129,977

Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle
 
(154
)
 

Net income
 
11,720

 
12,204

Dividends declared:
 
 
 
 
Preferred stock
 
(823
)
 
(704
)
Common stock ($0.92 and $0.84 per share)
 
(3,414
)
 
(3,183
)
Balance at June 30
 
153,749

 
138,294

Accumulated other comprehensive income
 
 
 
 
Balance at January 1
 
192

 
2,189

Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle
 
154

 

Other comprehensive income/(loss)
 
1,272

 
(1,087
)
Balance at June 30
 
1,618

 
1,102

Shares held in RSU Trust, at cost
 
 
 
 
Balance at January 1 and June 30
 
(21
)
 
(21
)
Treasury stock, at cost
 
 
 
 
Balance at January 1
 
(21,691
)
 
(17,856
)
Purchase of treasury stock
 
(4,536
)
 
(3,149
)
Reissuance from treasury stock
 
1,157

 
1,608

Balance at June 30
 
(25,070
)
 
(19,397
)
Total stockholders equity
 
$
252,423

 
$
241,205

The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.



84


JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Consolidated statements of cash flows (unaudited)
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2016
 
2015
Operating activities
 
 
 
Net income
$
11,720

 
$
12,204

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
 
Provision for credit losses
3,226

 
1,894

Depreciation and amortization
2,625

 
2,419

Deferred tax expense/(benefit)
577

 
90

Other
1,001

 
979

Originations and purchases of loans held-for-sale
(24,963
)
 
(30,665
)
Proceeds from sales, securitizations and paydowns of loans held-for-sale
22,356

 
27,797

Net change in:
 
 
 
Trading assets
(52,501
)
 
34,114

Securities borrowed
(4,505
)
 
11,903

Accrued interest and accounts receivable
(18,407
)
 
154

Other assets
(10,764
)
 
718

Trading liabilities
42,738

 
(16,660
)
Accounts payable and other liabilities
3,714

 
(9,432
)
Other operating adjustments
276

 
(3,340
)
Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities
(22,907
)
 
32,175

Investing activities
 
 
 
Net change in:
 
 
 
Deposits with banks
(5,580
)
 
85,670

Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
(24,624
)
 
2,927

Held-to-maturity securities:
 
 
 
Proceeds from paydowns and maturities
2,718

 
3,185

Purchases
(134
)
 
(5,678
)
Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
Proceeds from paydowns and maturities
33,070

 
43,454

Proceeds from sales
22,559

 
22,569

Purchases
(42,002
)
 
(41,391
)
Proceeds from sales and securitizations of loans held-for-investment
5,599

 
10,217

Other changes in loans, net
(43,094
)
 
(45,505
)
All other investing activities, net
(576
)
 
2,023

Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities
(52,064
)
 
77,471

Financing activities
 
 
 
Net change in:
 
 
 
Deposits
68,209

 
(88,838
)
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
13,346

 
(11,195
)
Commercial paper and other borrowed funds
311

 
(24,161
)
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated variable interest entities
(2,668
)
 
(1,454
)
Proceeds from long-term borrowings
36,064

 
54,585

Payments of long-term borrowings
(32,022
)
 
(40,190
)
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock

 
4,774

Treasury stock purchased
(4,536
)
 
(3,149
)
Dividends paid
(4,120
)
 
(3,734
)
All other financing activities, net
(425
)
 
(67
)
Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities
74,159

 
(113,429
)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and due from banks
32

 
47

Net decrease in cash and due from banks
(780
)
 
(3,736
)
Cash and due from banks at the beginning of the period
20,490

 
27,831

Cash and due from banks at the end of the period
$
19,710

 
$
24,095

Cash interest paid
$
4,283

 
$
3,302

Cash income taxes paid, net
1,261

 
5,833


The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.

85


See the Glossary of Terms and Acronyms on pages 169-176 for definitions of terms and acronyms used throughout the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.


NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
Note 1 – Basis of presentation
JPMorgan Chase & Co. (“JPMorgan Chase” or “the Firm”), a financial holding company incorporated under Delaware law in 1968, is a leading global financial services firm and one of the largest banking institutions in the U.S., with operations worldwide. The Firm is a leader in investment banking, financial services for consumers and small businesses, commercial banking, financial transaction processing and asset management. For a discussion of the Firm’s business segments, see Note 24.
The accounting and financial reporting policies of JPMorgan Chase and its subsidiaries conform to U.S. GAAP. Additionally, where applicable, the policies conform to the accounting and reporting guidelines prescribed by regulatory authorities.
The unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expense, and the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could be different from these estimates. In the opinion of management, all normal, recurring adjustments have been included for a fair statement of this interim financial information.
These unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements, and related notes thereto, included in JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
Certain amounts reported in prior periods have been reclassified to conform with the current presentation.
Consolidation
The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of JPMorgan Chase and other entities in which the Firm has a controlling financial interest. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
Assets held for clients in an agency or fiduciary capacity by the Firm are not assets of JPMorgan Chase and are not included on the Consolidated balance sheets.
The Firm determines whether it has a controlling financial interest in an entity by first evaluating whether the entity is a voting interest entity or a VIE.
Effective January 1, 2016, the Firm adopted new accounting guidance related to the consolidation of legal entities such as limited partnerships, limited liability corporations, and securitization structures. The guidance eliminated the deferral issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board in February 2010 of the accounting guidance for VIEs for certain investment funds, including mutual funds, private equity funds and hedge funds. In
 
addition, the guidance amends the evaluation of fees paid to a decision-maker or a service provider, and exempts certain money market funds from consolidation. Furthermore, asset management funds structured as limited partnerships or certain limited liability companies are now evaluated for consolidation as voting interest entities if the non-managing partners or members have the ability to remove the Firm as the general partner or managing member without cause (i.e., kick-out rights) based on a simple majority vote. Accordingly, the Firm does not consolidate these voting interest entities. However, in the limited cases where the non-managing partners or members do not have substantive kick-out or participating rights, the Firm evaluates the funds as VIEs and consolidates if it is the general partner or managing member and has a potentially significant variable interest. There was no material impact on the Firm’s Consolidated Financial Statements upon adoption of this accounting guidance.
For a further description of JPMorgan Chase’s accounting policies regarding consolidation, see Notes 1 and 16 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
Offsetting assets and liabilities
U.S. GAAP permits entities to present derivative receivables and derivative payables with the same counterparty and the related cash collateral receivables and payables on a net basis on the Consolidated balance sheets when a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists. U.S. GAAP also permits securities sold and purchased under repurchase agreements to be presented net when specified conditions are met, including the existence of a legally enforceable master netting agreement. The Firm has elected to net such balances when the specified conditions are met. For further information on offsetting assets and liabilities, see Note 1 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.




86


Note 2 – Business changes
Increase in common stock dividend
The Board of Directors increased the Firm’s quarterly
common stock dividend from $0.44 per share to $0.48 per
share, effective with the dividend paid on July 31, 2016, to stockholders of record at the close of business on July 6, 2016.


 
Note 3 – Fair value measurement
For a discussion of the Firm’s valuation methodologies for assets, liabilities and lending-related commitments measured at fair value and the fair value hierarchy, see Note 3 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.


87


The following table presents the asset and liabilities reported at fair value as of June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, by major product category and fair value hierarchy.
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value hierarchy
 
Derivative netting adjustments
 
June 30, 2016 (in millions)
Level 1
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total fair value
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
$

$
23,349

 
$

 
$

$
23,349

Securities borrowed


 

 


Trading assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government agencies(a)
3

37,305

 
473

 

37,781

Residential – nonagency

981

 
200

 

1,181

Commercial – nonagency

1,580

 
30

 

1,610

Total mortgage-backed securities
3

39,866

 
703

 

40,572

U.S. Treasury and government agencies(a)
20,913

5,525

 

 

26,438

Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities

8,653

 
551

 

9,204

Certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances and commercial paper

925

 

 

925

Non-U.S. government debt securities
32,159

30,241

 
37

 

62,437

Corporate debt securities

24,873

 
516

 

25,389

Loans(b)

25,570

 
6,016

 

31,586

Asset-backed securities

2,739

 
959

 

3,698

Total debt instruments
53,075

138,392

 
8,782

 

200,249

Equity securities
87,145

474

 
246

 

87,865

Physical commodities(c)
2,640

1,812

 

 

4,452

Other

9,050

 
670

 

9,720

Total debt and equity instruments(d)
142,860

149,728

 
9,698

 

302,286

Derivative receivables:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate
508

927,721

 
2,899

 
(893,243
)
37,885

Credit

38,450

 
1,639

 
(38,295
)
1,794

Foreign exchange
1,447

227,981

 
1,465

 
(206,810
)
24,083

Equity

37,924

 
1,090

 
(31,887
)
7,127

Commodity
161

21,395

 
236

 
(14,235
)
7,557

Total derivative receivables(e)
2,116

1,253,471

 
7,329

 
(1,184,470
)
78,446

Total trading assets(f)
144,976

1,403,199

 
17,027

 
(1,184,470
)
380,732

Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government agencies(a)

56,181

 

 

56,181

Residential – nonagency

21,494

 
1

 

21,495

Commercial – nonagency

14,948

 

 

14,948

Total mortgage-backed securities

92,623

 
1

 

92,624

U.S. Treasury and government agencies(a)
14,791

33

 

 

14,824

Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities

32,108

 

 

32,108

Certificates of deposit

106

 

 

106

Non-U.S. government debt securities
24,362

12,706

 

 

37,068

Corporate debt securities

6,461

 

 

6,461

Asset-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Collateralized loan obligations

30,506

 
760

 

31,266

Other

8,347

 
49

 

8,396

Equity securities
1,946


 

 

1,946

Total available-for-sale securities
41,099

182,890

 
810

 

224,799

Loans

1,067

 
785

 

1,852

Mortgage servicing rights


 
5,072

 

5,072

Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Private equity investments(g)
81


 
1,656

 

1,737

All other
3,910


 
713

 

4,623

Total other assets(f)
3,991


 
2,369

 

6,360

Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis
$
190,066

$
1,610,505

 
$
26,063

 
$
(1,184,470
)
$
642,164

Deposits
$

$
9,883

 
$
2,409

 
$

$
12,292

Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements

1,722

 

 

1,722

Other borrowed funds

8,962

 
907

 

9,869

Trading liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 


Debt and equity instruments(d)
80,400

20,737

 
57

 

101,194

Derivative payables:
 
 
 
 
 
 


Interest rate
702

884,633

 
1,792

 
(872,050
)
15,077

Credit

38,298

 
1,360

 
(37,935
)
1,723

Foreign exchange
1,349

227,535

 
2,670

 
(208,331
)
23,223

Equity

37,720

 
2,982

 
(32,475
)
8,227

Commodity
184

22,081

 
955

 
(13,706
)
9,514

Total derivative payables(e)
2,235

1,210,267

 
9,759

 
(1,164,497
)
57,764

Total trading liabilities
82,635

1,231,004

 
9,816

 
(1,164,497
)
158,958

Accounts payable and other liabilities
4,562


 
15

 

4,577

Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs

2

 
584

 

586

Long-term debt

23,339

 
13,147

 

36,486

Total liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
$
87,197

$
1,274,912

 
$
26,878

 
$
(1,164,497
)
$
224,490



88



Fair value hierarchy

Derivative netting adjustments
 

December 31, 2015 (in millions)
Level 1
Level 2

Level 3

 
Total fair value
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
$

$
23,141


$


$

 
$
23,141

Securities borrowed

395





 
395

Trading assets:
 
 

 

 
 
 
Debt instruments:
 
 

 

 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 

 

 
 
 
U.S. government agencies(a)
6

31,815


715



 
32,536

Residential – nonagency

1,299


194



 
1,493

Commercial – nonagency

1,080


115



 
1,195

Total mortgage-backed securities
6

34,194


1,024



 
35,224

U.S. Treasury and government agencies(a)
12,036

6,985





 
19,021

Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities

6,986


651



 
7,637

Certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances and commercial paper

1,042





 
1,042

Non-U.S. government debt securities
27,974

25,064


74



 
53,112

Corporate debt securities

22,807


736



 
23,543

Loans(b)

22,211


6,604



 
28,815

Asset-backed securities

2,392


1,832



 
4,224

Total debt instruments
40,016

121,681


10,921



 
172,618

Equity securities
94,059

606


265



 
94,930

Physical commodities(c)
3,593

1,064





 
4,657

Other

11,152


744



 
11,896

Total debt and equity instruments(d)
137,668

134,503


11,930



 
284,101

Derivative receivables:
 








 


Interest rate
354

666,491


2,766


(643,248
)
 
26,363

Credit

48,850


2,618


(50,045
)
 
1,423

Foreign exchange
734

177,525


1,616


(162,698
)
 
17,177

Equity

35,150


709


(30,330
)
 
5,529

Commodity
108

24,720


237


(15,880
)
 
9,185

Total derivative receivables(e)
1,196

952,736


7,946


(902,201
)
 
59,677

Total trading assets(f)
138,864

1,087,239


19,876


(902,201
)
 
343,778

Available-for-sale securities:
 








 


Mortgage-backed securities:
 








 


U.S. government agencies(a)

55,066





 
55,066

Residential – nonagency

27,618


1



 
27,619

Commercial – nonagency

22,897





 
22,897

Total mortgage-backed securities

105,581


1



 
105,582

U.S. Treasury and government agencies(a)
10,998

38





 
11,036

Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities

33,550





 
33,550

Certificates of deposit

283





 
283

Non-U.S. government debt securities
23,199

13,477





 
36,676

Corporate debt securities

12,436





 
12,436

Asset-backed securities:
 








 


Collateralized loan obligations

30,248


759



 
31,007

Other

9,033


64



 
9,097

Equity securities
2,087






 
2,087

Total available-for-sale securities
36,284

204,646


824



 
241,754

Loans

1,343


1,518



 
2,861

Mortgage servicing rights



6,608



 
6,608

Other assets:
 







 
 
Private equity investments(g)
102

101


1,657



 
1,860

All other
3,815

28


744



 
4,587

Total other assets(f)
3,917

129


2,401



 
6,447

Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis
$
179,065

$
1,316,893


$
31,227


$
(902,201
)
 
$
624,984

Deposits
$

$
9,566


$
2,950


$

 
$
12,516

Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements

3,526





 
3,526

Other borrowed funds

9,272


639



 
9,911

Trading liabilities:
 
 

 



 


Debt and equity instruments(d)
53,845

20,199


63



 
74,107

Derivative payables:
 
 




 
 
 
Interest rate
216

633,060


1,890


(624,945
)
 
10,221

Credit

48,460


2,069


(48,988
)
 
1,541

Foreign exchange
669

187,890


2,341


(171,131
)
 
19,769

Equity

36,440


2,223


(29,480
)
 
9,183

Commodity
52

26,430


1,172


(15,578
)
 
12,076

Total derivative payables(e)
937

932,280


9,695


(890,122
)
 
52,790

Total trading liabilities
54,782

952,479


9,758


(890,122
)
 
126,897

Accounts payable and other liabilities
4,382



19



 
4,401

Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs

238


549



 
787

Long-term debt

21,452


11,613



 
33,065

Total liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
$
59,164

$
996,533


$
25,528


$
(890,122
)
 
$
191,103

(a)
At June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, included total U.S. government-sponsored enterprise obligations of $68.3 billion and $67.0 billion, respectively, which were predominantly mortgage-related.
(b)
At June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, included within trading loans were $14.9 billion and $11.8 billion, respectively, of residential first-lien mortgages, and $4.2 billion and $4.3 billion, respectively, of commercial first-lien mortgages. Residential mortgage loans include conforming mortgage loans originated with the intent to sell to U.S. government agencies of $8.6 billion and $5.3 billion, respectively, and reverse mortgages of $2.2 billion and $2.5 billion, respectively.
(c)
Physical commodities inventories are generally accounted for at the lower of cost or market. “Market” is a term defined in U.S. GAAP as not exceeding fair value less costs to sell (“transaction costs”). Transaction costs for the Firm’s physical commodities inventories are either not applicable or immaterial to the value of the inventory. Therefore, market approximates fair value for

89


the Firm’s physical commodities inventories. When fair value hedging has been applied (or when market is below cost), the carrying value of physical commodities approximates fair value, because under fair value hedge accounting, the cost basis is adjusted for changes in fair value. For a further discussion of the Firm’s hedge accounting relationships, see Note 5. To provide consistent fair value disclosure information, all physical commodities inventories have been included in each period presented.
(d)
Balances reflect the reduction of securities owned (long positions) by the amount of identical securities sold but not yet purchased (short positions).
(e)
As permitted under U.S. GAAP, the Firm has elected to net derivative receivables and derivative payables and the related cash collateral received and paid when a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists. For purposes of the tables above, the Firm does not reduce derivative receivables and derivative payables balances for this netting adjustment, either within or across the levels of the fair value hierarchy, as such netting is not relevant to a presentation based on the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability. However, if the Firm were to net such balances within level 3, the reduction in the level 3 derivative receivables and payables balances would be $1.6 billion and $546 million at June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, respectively; this is exclusive of the netting benefit associated with cash collateral, which would further reduce the level 3 balances.
(f)
Certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient are not required to be classified in the fair value hierarchy. At June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, the fair values of these investments, which include certain hedge funds, private equity funds, real estate and other funds, were $1.0 billion and $1.2 billion, respectively. Included in the balances at June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, were trading assets of $61 million and $61 million, respectively, and other assets of $949 million and $1.2 billion, respectively.
(g)
Private equity instruments represent investments within Corporate. The portion of the private equity investment portfolio carried at fair value on a recurring basis had a cost basis of $2.8 billion and $3.5 billion at June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, respectively.

Transfers between levels for instruments carried at fair value on a recurring basis
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, there were no individually significant transfers between levels 1 and 2, or from level 2 into level 3. In addition, during the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, there were no individually significant transfers from level 3 to level 2.
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, transfers from level 3 into level 2 included $1.9 billion and $2.0 billion, respectively, of corporate debt driven by a reduction of the significance in the unobservable inputs and an increase in observability for certain structured products, and $1.3 billion and $1.9 billion of trading loans, respectively, driven by an increase in observability of certain collateralized financing transactions.
All transfers are assumed to occur at the beginning of the quarterly reporting period in which they occur.
Level 3 valuations
For further information on the Firm’s valuation process and a detailed discussion of the determination of fair value for individual financial instruments, see Note 3 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
The following table presents the Firm’s primary level 3 financial instruments, the valuation techniques used to measure the fair value of those financial instruments, the significant unobservable inputs, the range of values for those inputs and, for certain instruments, the weighted averages of such inputs. While the determination to classify an instrument within level 3 is based on the significance of the unobservable inputs to the overall fair value measurement, level 3 financial instruments typically include observable components (that is, components that are actively quoted and can be validated to external sources) in addition to the unobservable components. The level 1 and/or level 2 inputs are not included in the table. In addition, the Firm manages the risk of the observable components of level 3 financial instruments using securities and derivative positions that are classified within levels 1 or 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
 
The range of values presented in the table is representative of the highest and lowest level input used to value the significant groups of instruments within a product/instrument classification. Where provided, the weighted averages of the input values presented in the table are calculated based on the fair value of the instruments that the input is being used to value.
In the Firm’s view, the input range and the weighted average value do not reflect the degree of input uncertainty or an assessment of the reasonableness of the Firm’s estimates and assumptions. Rather, they reflect the characteristics of the various instruments held by the Firm and the relative distribution of instruments within the range of characteristics. For example, two option contracts may have similar levels of market risk exposure and valuation uncertainty, but may have significantly different implied volatility levels because the option contracts have different underlyings, tenors, or strike prices. The input range and weighted average values will therefore vary from period to period and parameter-to-parameter based on the characteristics of the instruments held by the Firm at each balance sheet date.
For the Firm’s derivatives and structured notes positions classified within level 3 at June 30, 2016, interest rate correlation inputs used in estimating fair value were concentrated towards the upper end of the range presented; equities correlation inputs were concentrated at the upper end of the range; the credit correlation inputs were distributed across the range presented; and the foreign exchange correlation inputs were concentrated at the upper end of the range presented. In addition, the interest rate volatility inputs used in estimating fair value were distributed across the range presented. The equity volatilities are concentrated in the lower half end of the range. The forward commodity prices used in estimating the fair value of commodity derivatives were concentrated in the middle of the range presented.


90


Level 3 inputs(a)
 
June 30, 2016 (in millions, except for ratios and basis points)
 
 
 
 
 
Product/Instrument
Fair value
 
Principal valuation technique
Unobservable inputs
Range of input values
Weighted average
Residential mortgage-backed securities and loans
$
4,131

 
Discounted cash flows
Yield
2%

16
%
5
%
 
 
 
Prepayment speed
0%

20
%
8
%
 
 
 
 
Conditional default rate
0%

25
%
2
%
 
 
 
 
Loss severity
0%

90
%
27
%
Commercial mortgage-backed securities and loans(b)
1,137

 
Discounted cash flows
Yield
1%

25
%
8
%
 
 
 
Conditional default rate
0%

100
%
68
%
 
 
 
 
Loss severity
40%
40
%
Corporate debt securities, obligations of U.S. states and municipalities, and other(c)
2,806

 
Discounted cash flows
Credit spread
40 bps
375 bps

  177bps
 
 
 
Yield
3%

20
%
6
%
3,019

 
Market comparables
Price
$

$340
$
90

Net interest rate derivatives
1,107

 
Option pricing
Interest rate correlation
(30
)%
97
%
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate spread volatility
3%

38
%
 
Net credit derivatives(b)(c)
279

 
Discounted cash flows
Credit correlation
30%

90
%
 
Net foreign exchange derivatives
(1,205
)
 
Option pricing
Foreign exchange correlation
(20)%

70
%
 
Net equity derivatives
(1,892
)
 
Option pricing
Equity volatility
20%

60
%
 
Net commodity derivatives
(719
)
 
Discounted cash flows
Forward commodity price
$
36

$55 per barrel
Collateralized loan obligations
760

 
Discounted cash flows
Credit spread
406 bps

701 bps

469 bps
 
 
 
 
Prepayment speed
20%
 
20
%
 
 
 
 
Conditional default rate
2%
 
2
%
 
 
 
 
Loss severity
30%
 
30
%
 
153

 
Market comparables
Price
$

$100
$
68

MSRs
5,072

 
Discounted cash flows
Refer to Note 16
 
Private equity investments
1,656

 
Market comparables
EBITDA multiple
6.9 x

10.8 x

8.2 x
Long-term debt, other borrowed funds, and deposits(d)
15,908

 
Option pricing
Interest rate correlation
(30
)%
97
%
 
 
 
 
Interest rate spread volatility
3
 %
38
%
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange correlation
(20
)%
70
%
 
 
 
 
Equity correlation
(50
)%
75
%
 
 
555

 
Discounted cash flows
Credit correlation
30
 %
90
%
 
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs(e)
584

 
Discounted Cash Flows
Yield
2%

8
%
4
%
 
 
 
 
Prepayment Speed
7%

8
%
7
%
 
 
 
 
Conditional default rate
2%
2
%
 
 
 
 
Loss severity
30%
30
%
(a)
The categories presented in the table have been aggregated based upon the product type, which may differ from their classification on the Consolidated balance sheets.
(b)
The unobservable inputs and associated input ranges for approximately $315 million of credit derivative receivables and $276 million of credit derivative payables with underlying commercial mortgage risk have been included in the inputs and ranges provided for commercial MBS and loans.
(c)
The unobservable inputs and associated input ranges for approximately $388 million of credit derivative receivables and $355 million of credit derivative payables with underlying ABS risk have been included in the inputs and ranges provided for corporate debt securities, obligations of U.S. states and municipalities and other.
(d)
Long-term debt, other borrowed funds and deposits include structured notes issued by the Firm that are predominantly financial instruments containing embedded derivatives. The estimation of the fair value of structured notes is predominantly based on the derivative features embedded within the instruments. The significant unobservable inputs are broadly consistent with those presented for derivative receivables.
(e)
The parameters are related to residential mortgage-backed securities.
Changes in and ranges of unobservable inputs
For a discussion of the impact on fair value of changes in unobservable inputs and the relationships between unobservable inputs as well as a description of attributes of the underlying instruments and external market factors that affect the range of inputs used in the valuation of the Firm’s positions see Note 3 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
Changes in level 3 recurring fair value measurements
The following tables include a rollforward of the Consolidated balance sheets amounts (including changes in fair value) for financial instruments classified by the Firm within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015. When a determination is made to classify a financial instrument within level 3, the determination is based on the significance of the unobservable parameters to the overall fair value measurement. However, level 3 financial
 
instruments typically include, in addition to the unobservable or level 3 components, observable components (that is, components that are actively quoted and can be validated to external sources); accordingly, the gains and losses in the table below include changes in fair value due in part to observable factors that are part of the valuation methodology. Also, the Firm risk-manages the observable components of level 3 financial instruments using securities and derivative positions that are classified within level 1 or 2 of the fair value hierarchy; as these level 1 and level 2 risk management instruments are not included below, the gains or losses in the following tables do not reflect the effect of the Firm’s risk management activities related to such level 3 instruments.


91


 
Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
 
 
Three months ended
June 30, 2016
(in millions)
Fair value at
April 1, 2016
Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)
 
 
 
 
Transfers into and/or out of level 3(i)
Fair value at
June 30, 2016
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related
to financial instruments held at June 30, 2016
Purchases(g)
Sales
 
Settlements(h)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
$
4

 
$

 
$

$

 
$

$
(4
)
 
$

 
$

 
Trading assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government agencies
650

 
(24
)
 
1

(50
)
 
(28
)
(76
)
 
473

 
(27
)
 
Residential – nonagency
186

 
(1
)
 
143

(148
)
 
(6
)
26

 
200

 
(1
)
 
Commercial – nonagency
195

 
(1
)
 
15

(23
)
 

(156
)
 
30

 
(2
)
 
Total mortgage-backed securities
1,031

 
(26
)
 
159

(221
)
 
(34
)
(206
)
 
703

 
(30
)
 
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
620

 
4

 

(41
)
 
(32
)

 
551

 
4

 
Non-U.S. government debt securities
40

 
(8
)
 
25

(19
)
 

(1
)
 
37

 
(5
)
 
Corporate debt securities
654

 
(54
)
 
80

(89
)
 
(68
)
(7
)
 
516

 
(50
)
 
Loans
6,776

 
(217
)
 
421

(733
)
 
(338
)
107

 
6,016

 
(234
)
 
Asset-backed securities
1,190

 
16

 
255

(334
)
 
(42
)
(126
)
 
959

 
4

 
Total debt instruments
10,311

 
(285
)
 
940

(1,437
)
 
(514
)
(233
)
 
8,782

 
(311
)
 
Equity securities
279

 
(9
)
 
2

(24
)
 
(3
)
1

 
246

 
(6
)
 
Other
723

 
(37
)
 
169

(144
)
 
(29
)
(12
)
 
670

 
(36
)
 
Total trading assets – debt and equity instruments
11,313

 
(331
)
(c) 
1,111

(1,605
)
 
(546
)
(244
)
 
9,698

 
(353
)
(c) 
Net derivative receivables:(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate
846

 
334

 
62

(12
)
 
(180
)
57

 
1,107

 
190

 
Credit
402

 
(202
)
 

(1
)
 
48

32

 
279

 
(76
)
 
Foreign exchange
(1,032
)
 
53

 
58

(103
)
 
(158
)
(23
)
 
(1,205
)
 
75

 
Equity
(2,055
)
 
(12
)
 
72

(215
)
 
(5
)
323

 
(1,892
)
 
9

 
Commodity
(952
)
 
235

 

18

 
(29
)
9

 
(719
)
 
291

 
Total net derivative receivables
(2,791
)
 
408

(c) 
192

(313
)
 
(324
)
398

 
(2,430
)
 
489

(c) 
Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset-backed securities
809

 
7

 


 
(7
)

 
809

 
7

 
Other
1

 

 


 


 
1

 

 
Total available-for-sale securities
810

 
7

(d) 


 
(7
)

 
810

 
7

(d) 
Loans
1,009

 
(36
)
(c) 
184


 
(372
)

 
785

 
(16
)
(c) 
Mortgage servicing rights
5,658

 
(457
)
(e) 
113

(3
)
 
(239
)

 
5,072

 
(457
)
(e) 
Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Private equity investments
1,644

 
25

(c) 
427

(411
)
 
(29
)

 
1,656

 
(29
)
(c) 
All other
707

 
89

(f) 
30

(11
)
 
(102
)

 
713

 
82

(f) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
 
 
Three months ended
June 30, 2016 (in millions)
Fair value at
April 1, 2016
Total realized/unrealized (gains)/losses
 
 
 
 
Transfers into and/or out of level 3(i)
Fair value at
June 30, 2016
Change in unrealized (gains)/losses related
to financial instruments held at June 30, 2016
Purchases
Sales
Issuances
Settlements(h)
Liabilities:(b)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits
$
2,419

 
$
33

(c) 
$

$

$
317

$
(168
)
$
(192
)
 
$
2,409

 
$
40

(c) 
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
6

 

 



(2
)
(4
)
 

 

 
Other borrowed funds
568

 
(31
)
(c) 


515

(170
)
25

 
907

 
(12
)
(c) 
Trading liabilities – debt and equity instruments
52

 
(3
)
(c) 

17


(12
)
3

 
57

 
(1
)
(c) 
Accounts payable and other liabilities
16

 

 



(1
)

 
15

 

 
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
649

 
(30
)
(c) 



(35
)

 
584

 
(30
)
(c) 
Long-term debt
12,587

 
(47
)
(c) 


2,714

(1,498
)
(609
)
 
13,147

 
186

(c) 

92



Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs

 
Three months ended
June 30, 2015
(in millions)
Fair value at Apr 1, 2015
Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)






Transfers into and/or out of level 3(i)
Fair value at
June 30, 2015
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related
to financial instruments held at June 30, 2015
Purchases(g)

Sales

Settlements(h)
 
Assets:
























Trading assets:
























Debt instruments:
























Mortgage-backed securities:
























U.S. government agencies
$
888

$
91


$
108


$
(148
)


$
(34
)

$
(4
)

$
901


$
84


Residential – nonagency
449

54


25


(116
)


(4
)

(285
)

123


28


Commercial – nonagency
211

2


98


(49
)


(6
)

(118
)

138


(2
)

Total mortgage-backed securities
1,548

147


231


(313
)


(44
)

(407
)

1,162


110


Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
1,331

3


47


(39
)


(2
)

(93
)

1,247


3


Non-U.S. government debt securities
180

8


54


(20
)


(11
)

(3
)

208


16


Corporate debt securities
2,759

5


288


(313
)


57


(1,853
)

943


10


Loans
10,763

294


1,160


(1,152
)


(350
)

(1,152
)

9,563


264


Asset-backed securities
1,233

21


737


(371
)


(26
)

(55
)

1,539


15


Total debt instruments
17,814

478


2,517


(2,208
)


(376
)

(3,563
)

14,662


418


Equity securities
317

8


21


(13
)


(14
)

(9
)

310


9


Other
1,041

80


450


(451
)


(137
)

(14
)

969


(3
)

Total trading assets – debt and equity instruments
19,172

566

(c) 
2,988


(2,672
)


(527
)

(3,586
)

15,941


424

(c) 
Net derivative receivables:(a)
























Interest rate
650

351


133


(84
)


(98
)

(93
)

859


309


Credit
275

17


1


(1
)


107


33


432


22


Foreign exchange
707

118


8


(8
)


(187
)

(233
)

405


245


Equity
(2,745
)
801


216


(383
)

93


170


(1,848
)

621


Commodity
(735
)
129







47


(35
)

(594
)

180


Total net derivative receivables
(1,848
)
1,416

(c) 
358


(476
)

(38
)

(158
)

(746
)

1,377

(c) 
Available-for-sale securities:
























Asset-backed securities
881

2







(21
)



862


2


Other
122








(10
)

(99
)

13




Total available-for-sale securities
1,003

2

(d) 





(31
)

(99
)

875


2

(d) 
Loans
2,222

85

(c) 
297





(309
)



2,295


83

(c) 
Mortgage servicing rights
6,641

794

(e) 
583


(218
)


(229
)



7,571


794

(e) 
Other assets:
























Private equity investments(j)
2,073

11

(c) 
7


(27
)


(54
)

(23
)

1,987


(14
)
(c) 
All other(j)
890

12

(f) 
11


(57
)


(17
)



839


3

(f) 
























Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs


Three months ended
June 30, 2015
(in millions)
Fair value at Apr 1, 2015
Total realized/unrealized (gains)/losses





 
Transfers into and/or out of level 3(i)
Fair value at
June 30, 2015
Change in unrealized (gains)/losses related
to financial instruments held at June 30, 2015
Purchases

Sales
Issuances
Settlements(h)

Liabilities:(b)













 








Deposits
$
3,340

$
(156
)
(c) 
$


$

$
673

$
(30
)

$
(299
)

$
3,528


$
(139
)
(c) 
Other borrowed funds(j)
1,116

(4
)
(c) 



1,274

(1,161
)

36


1,261


38

(c) 
Trading liabilities – debt and equity instruments
82

2

(c) 
(23
)

21


(5
)

(5
)

72


2

(c) 
Accounts payable and other liabilities
23











23




Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs(j)
1,023

36

(c) 



284

(203
)



1,140


26

(c) 
Long-term debt
12,003

(92
)
(c) 



2,546

(1,774
)

(94
)

12,589


19

(c) 


93


 
Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
 
 
 
Six months ended
June 30, 2016
(in millions)
Fair value at January 1, 2016
Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Transfers into and/or out of level 3(i)
Fair value at
June 30, 2016
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related
to financial instruments held at June 30, 2016
Purchases(g)
 
Sales
 
Settlements(h)
 
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trading assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government agencies
$
715

$
(74
)
 
$
129

 
$
(208
)
 
$
(58
)
 
$
(31
)
 
$
473

 
$
(78
)
 
Residential – nonagency
194

(1
)
 
177

 
(184
)
 
(11
)
 
25

 
200

 
(6
)
 
Commercial – nonagency
115

(6
)
 
65

 
(28
)
 

 
(116
)
 
30

 
(2
)
 
Total mortgage-backed securities
1,024

(81
)
 
371

 
(420
)
 
(69
)
 
(122
)
 
703

 
(86
)
 
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
651

9

 
36

 
(107
)
 
(38
)
 

 
551

 
9

 
Non-U.S. government debt securities
74

2

 
29

 
(51
)
 

 
(17
)
 
37

 
(14
)
 
Corporate debt securities
736

(32
)
 
159

 
(144
)
 
(125
)
 
(78
)
 
516

 
(1
)
 
Loans
6,604

(188
)
 
865

 
(1,144
)
 
(642
)
 
521

 
6,016

 
(195
)
 
Asset-backed securities
1,832

17

 
432

 
(470
)
 
(917
)
 
65

 
959

 
3

 
Total debt instruments
10,921

(273
)
 
1,892

 
(2,336
)
 
(1,791
)
 
369

 
8,782

 
(284
)
 
Equity securities
265

(3
)
 
33

 
(33
)
 
(22
)
 
6

 
246

 
17

 
Other
744

(46
)
 
353

 
(287
)
 
(35
)
 
(59
)
 
670

 
(12
)
 
Total trading assets – debt and equity instruments
11,930

(322
)
(c) 
2,278

 
(2,656
)
 
(1,848
)
 
316

 
9,698

 
(279
)
(c) 
Net derivative receivables:(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate
876

540

 
106

 
(20
)
 
(442
)
 
47

 
1,107

 
153

 
Credit
549

(448
)
 

 
(2
)
 
117

 
63

 
279

 
(402
)
 
Foreign exchange
(725
)
(194
)
 
58

 
(118
)
 
(200
)
 
(26
)
 
(1,205
)
 
(72
)
 
Equity
(1,514
)
(364
)
 
142

 
(322
)
 
73

 
93

 
(1,892
)
 
(3
)
 
Commodity
(935
)
227

 

 
18

 
(40
)
 
11

 
(719
)
 
230

 
Total net derivative receivables
(1,749
)
(239
)
(c) 
306

 
(444
)
 
(492
)
 
188

 
(2,430
)
 
(94
)
(c) 
Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset-backed securities
823

(1
)
 

 

 
(13
)
 

 
809

 
(14
)
 
Other
1


 

 

 

 

 
1

 

 
Total available-for-sale securities
824

(1
)
(d) 

 

 
(13
)
 

 
810

 
(14
)
(d) 
Loans
1,518

(14
)
(c) 
184

 

 
(590
)
 
(313
)
 
785

 
(16
)
(c) 
Mortgage servicing rights
6,608

(1,209
)
(e) 
220

 
(67
)
 
(480
)
 

 
5,072

 
(1,209
)
(e) 
Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Private equity investments
1,657

70

(c) 
441

 
(427
)
 
(85
)
 

 
1,656

 
8

(c) 
All other
744

76

(f) 
30

 
(11
)
 
(126
)
 

 
713

 
(30
)
(f) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
 
 
 
Six months ended
June 30, 2016 (in millions)
Fair value at January 1, 2016
Total realized/unrealized (gains)/losses
 
 
 
 
 
 
Transfers into and/or out of level 3(i)
Fair value at
June 30, 2016
Change in unrealized (gains)/
losses related
to financial instruments held at June 30, 2016
Purchases
 
Sales
Issuances
Settlements(h)
 
Liabilities:(b)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits
$
2,950

$
75

(c) 
 

 
$

$
483

$
(677
)
 
$
(422
)
 
$
2,409

 
$
318

(c) 
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements


 
 

 


(2
)
 
2

 

 

 
Other borrowed funds
639

(156
)
(c) 
 

 

772

(369
)
 
21

 
907

 
4

(c) 
Trading liabilities – debt and equity instruments
63

(7
)
(c) 
 

 
18


(15
)
 
(2
)
 
57

 

 
Accounts payable and other liabilities
19


 
 

 


(4
)
 

 
15

 

 
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
549

(22
)
(c) 
 

 

143

(86
)
 

 
584

 
(35
)
(c) 
Long-term debt
11,613

392

(c) 
 

 

4,875

(2,895
)
 
(838
)
 
13,147

 
1,154

(c) 

94



Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs


Six months ended
June 30, 2015
(in millions)
Fair value at January 1, 2015
Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)






Transfers into and/or out of level 3(i)
Fair value at
June 30, 2015
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related
to financial instruments held at June 30, 2015
Purchases(g)

Sales

Settlements(h)

Assets:
























Trading assets:
























Debt instruments:
























Mortgage-backed securities:
























U.S. government agencies
$
922

$
38


$
182


$
(165
)


$
(74
)

$
(2
)

$
901


$
40


Residential – nonagency
663

44


177


(463
)


(10
)

(288
)

123


26


Commercial – nonagency
306

(9
)

180


(200
)


(14
)

(125
)

138


(6
)

Total mortgage-backed securities
1,891

73


539


(828
)


(98
)

(415
)

1,162


60


Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
1,273

13


191


(110
)


(27
)

(93
)

1,247


12


Non-U.S. government debt securities
302

9


155


(112
)


(42
)

(104
)

208


19


Corporate debt securities
2,989

(50
)

821


(809
)


(35
)

(1,973
)

943


18


Loans
13,287

9


1,896


(3,149
)


(819
)

(1,661
)

9,563


(67
)

Asset-backed securities
1,264

(16
)

1,296


(892
)


6


(119
)

1,539


(14
)

Total debt instruments
21,006

38


4,898


(5,900
)


(1,015
)

(4,365
)

14,662


28


Equity securities
431

46


50


(123
)


(17
)

(77
)

310


51


Other
1,052

88


1,111


(1,035
)


(216
)

(31
)

969


14


Total trading assets – debt and equity instruments
22,489

172

(c) 
6,059


(7,058
)


(1,248
)

(4,473
)

15,941


93

(c) 
Net derivative receivables:(a)
























Interest rate
626

493


442


(158
)


(353
)

(191
)

859


541


Credit
189

94


10


(4
)


126


17


432


195


Foreign exchange
(526
)
945


13


(11
)


14


(30
)

405


551


Equity
(1,785
)
325


424


(672
)


(262
)

122


(1,848
)

137


Commodity
(565
)
89







(51
)

(67
)

(594
)

(101
)

Total net derivative receivables
(2,061
)
1,946

(c) 
889


(845
)


(526
)

(149
)

(746
)

1,323

(c) 
Available-for-sale securities:























Asset-backed securities
908

(7
)

49


(43
)


(45
)



862


(2
)

Other
129








(17
)

(99
)

13




Total available-for-sale securities
1,037

(7
)
(d) 
49


(43
)


(62
)

(99
)

875


(2
)
(d) 
Loans
2,541

(120
)
(c) 
417


(83
)


(460
)



2,295


(118
)
(c) 
Mortgage servicing rights
7,436

215

(e) 
739


(375
)


(444
)



7,571


215

(e) 
Other assets:
























Private equity investments(j)
2,225

46

(c) 
7


(27
)


(115
)

(149
)

1,987


(16
)
(c) 
All other(j)
959

11

(f) 
66


(144
)


(53
)



839


(16
)
(f) 
























Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs


Six months ended
June 30, 2015
(in millions)
Fair value at January 1, 2015
Total realized/unrealized (gains)/losses






Transfers into and/or out of level 3(i)
Fair value at
June 30, 2015
Change in unrealized (gains)/losses related
to financial instruments held at June 30, 2015
Purchases

Sales
Issuances
Settlements(h)

Liabilities:(b)






















Deposits
$
2,859

$
(64
)
(c) 
$


$

$
1,448

$
(145
)

$
(570
)

$
3,528


$
7

(c) 
Other borrowed funds(j)
1,453

(123
)
(c) 



2,322

(2,142
)

(249
)

1,261


(122
)
(c) 
Trading liabilities – debt and equity instruments
72

5

(c) 
(131
)

147


(14
)

(7
)

72


8

(c) 
Accounts payable and other liabilities
26







(3
)



23




Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs(j)
1,146

(17
)
(c) 



286

(275
)



1,140




Long-term debt(j)
11,877

(197
)
(c) 



5,383

(4,157
)

(317
)

12,589


(37
)
(c) 
(a)
All level 3 derivatives are presented on a net basis, irrespective of the underlying counterparty.
(b)
Level 3 liabilities as a percentage of total Firm liabilities accounted for at fair value (including liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis) were 12% at June 30, 2016 and 13% at December 31, 2015.

95


(c)
Predominantly reported in principal transactions revenue, except for changes in fair value for Consumer & Community Banking mortgage loans and lending-related commitments originated with the intent to sell, and mortgage loan purchase commitments, which are reported in mortgage fees and related income.
(d)
Realized gains/(losses) on AFS securities, as well as other-than-temporary impairment losses that are recorded in earnings, are reported in securities gains. Unrealized gains/(losses) are reported in OCI. Realized gains/(losses) and foreign exchange hedge accounting adjustments recorded in income on AFS securities were zero for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and zero and $(7) million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Unrealized gains/(losses) recorded on AFS securities in OCI were $7 million and $2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $(2) million and zero for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
(e)
Changes in fair value for CCB mortgage servicing rights are reported in mortgage fees and related income.
(f)
Predominantly reported in other income.
(g)
Loan originations are included in purchases.
(h)
Includes financial assets and liabilities that have matured, been partially or fully repaid, impacts of modifications, and deconsolidations associated with beneficial interests in VIEs.
(i)
All transfers into and/or out of level 3 are assumed to occur at the beginning of the quarterly reporting period in which they occur.
(j)
Certain prior period amounts have been revised to conform with the current period presentation. The revision had no impact on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets or its results of operations.
Level 3 analysis
Consolidated balance sheets changes
Level 3 assets (including assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis) were 1.1% of total Firm assets at June 30, 2016. The following describes significant changes to level 3 assets since December 31, 2015, for those items measured at fair value on a recurring basis. For further information on changes impacting items measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, see Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis on page 97.
Three months ended June 30, 2016
Level 3 assets were $26.1 billion at June 30, 2016, reflecting a decrease of $2.4 billion from March 31, 2016 due to the following:
$1.6 billion decrease in trading assets - debt and equity instruments largely driven by lower levels of loans and asset-backed securities due to sales.
Six months ended June 30, 2016
Level 3 assets at June 30, 2016 decreased by $5.2 billion from December 31, 2015, largely due to the following:
$2.8 billion decrease in trading assets driven by lower levels of credit derivatives, largely due to transfers from level 3 into level 2 as a result of an increase in observability of valuation inputs, asset-backed securities due to settlements and loan sales.
$1.5 billion decrease in the fair value of MSRs. For further details see Note 16
Gains and losses
The following describes significant components of total realized/unrealized gains/(losses) for instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the periods indicated. For further information on these instruments, see Changes in level 3 recurring fair value measurements rollforward tables on pages 92–96.
Three months ended June 30, 2016
$295 million of net losses on assets and $78 million of net gains on liabilities, none of which were individually significant.
Three months ended June 30, 2015
$1.4 billion of gains on derivatives, largely driven by equity derivatives due to market movements.
 
Six months ended June 30, 2016
$1.6 billion of net losses on assets largely driven by $1.2 billion loss on MSRs. For further details see
Note 16.
Six months ended June 30, 2015
$2.0 billion of gains on derivatives, largely driven by foreign exchange and interest rate derivatives due to market movements.
Credit & funding adjustments — derivatives
Derivatives are generally valued using models that use as their basis observable market parameters. These market parameters generally do not consider factors such as counterparty nonperformance risk, the Firm’s own credit quality, and funding costs. Therefore, it is generally necessary to make adjustments to the base estimate of fair value to reflect these factors.
CVA represent the adjustment, relative to the relevant benchmark interest rate, necessary to reflect counterparty nonperformance risk. The Firm estimates CVA using a scenario analysis to estimate the expected credit exposure across all of the Firm’s positions with each counterparty, and then estimates losses as a result of a counterparty credit event. The key inputs to this methodology are (i) the expected positive exposure to each counterparty based on a simulation that assumes the current population of existing derivatives with each counterparty remains unchanged and considers contractual factors designed to mitigate the Firm’s credit exposure, such as collateral and legal rights of offset; (ii) the probability of a default event occurring for each counterparty, as derived from observed or estimated credit default swaps (“CDS”) spreads; and (iii) estimated recovery rates implied by CDS spreads, adjusted to consider the differences in recovery rates as a derivative creditor relative to those reflected in CDS spreads, which generally reflect senior unsecured creditor risk.
Debit valuation adjustments represent the adjustment, relative to the relevant benchmark interest rate, necessary to reflect the credit quality of the Firm. The derivative DVA calculation methodology is generally consistent with the CVA methodology described above and incorporates JPMorgan Chase’s credit spread as observed through the CDS market to estimate the probability of default and loss given default as a result of a systemic event affecting
the Firm.


96


FVA represent the adjustment to reflect the impact of funding and is recognized where there is evidence that a market participant in the principal market would incorporate it in a transfer of the instrument. The Firm’s FVA framework, applied to uncollateralized (including partially collateralized) over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives, leverages its existing CVA and DVA calculation methodologies, and considers the fact that the Firm’s own credit risk is a significant component of funding costs.
The key inputs to FVA are: (i) the expected funding requirements arising from the Firm’s positions with each counterparty and collateral arrangements; (ii) for assets, the estimated market funding cost in the principal market; and (iii) for liabilities, the hypothetical market funding cost for a transfer to a market participant with a similar credit standing as the Firm. For collateralized derivatives, the fair value is estimated by discounting expected future cash flows at the relevant overnight indexed swap rate given the underlying collateral agreement with the counterparty, and therefore a separate FVA is not necessary.
The following table provides the impact of credit and funding adjustments on principal transactions revenue in the respective periods, excluding the effect of any associated hedging activities. The DVA and FVA reported below include the impact of the Firm’s own credit quality on the inception value of liabilities as well as the impact of changes in the Firm’s own credit quality over time.
 
Three months
ended June 30,
 
Six months
ended June 30,
(in millions)
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Credit adjustments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives CVA
$
(168
)
 
$
341

 
$
(756
)
 
$
522

Derivatives DVA and FVA
43

 
204

 
(123
)
 
63

Valuation adjustments on fair value option elected liabilities
The valuation of the Firm’s liabilities for which the fair value option has been elected requires consideration of the Firm’s own credit risk. DVA on fair value option elected liabilities is measured using (i) the current fair value of the liability and (ii) changes (subsequent to the issuance of the liability) in the Firm’s probability of default and loss given default, which are estimated based on changes in the Firm’s credit spread observed in the bond market. Effective January 1, 2016, the effect of DVA on fair value option elected liabilities is recognized in OCI. See Note 19 for further information.
 
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
At June 30, 2016 and 2015, assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis were $750 million and $2.0 billion, respectively, which predominantly consisted of loans that had fair value adjustments in the first six months of both 2016 and 2015. At June 30, 2016, $291 million and $459 million of these loans were classified in levels 2 and 3 of the fair value hierarchy, respectively. At June 30, 2015, $94 million and $1.9 billion of these loans were classified in levels 2 and 3 of the fair value hierarchy, respectively. Liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis were not significant at June 30, 2016 and 2015. For the six months ended June 30, 2016 there were no significant transfers between levels 1, 2 and 3 related to assets held at the balance sheet date.
Of the $459 million of level 3 assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of June 30, 2016:
$271 million related to residential real estate loans measured at the net realizable value of the underlying collateral (i.e., collateral-dependent loans and other loans charged off in accordance with regulatory guidance). These amounts are classified as level 3 as they are valued using a broker’s price opinion and discounted based upon the Firm’s experience with actual liquidation values. These discounts to the broker price opinions ranged from 8% to 52%, with a weighted average of 22%.
The total change in the recorded value of assets and liabilities for which a fair value adjustment has been included in the Consolidated statements of income for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, related to financial instruments held at those dates, was a loss of $76 million and $114 million, respectively and for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, was a loss of $130 million and $183 million, respectively.
For information about the measurement of impaired collateral-dependent loans, and other loans where the carrying value is based on the fair value of the underlying collateral (e.g., residential mortgage loans charged off in accordance with regulatory guidance), see Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.


97


Additional disclosures about the fair value of financial instruments that are not carried on the Consolidated balance sheets at fair value
The following table presents the carrying values and estimated fair values at June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, of financial assets and liabilities, excluding financial instruments which are carried at fair value on a recurring basis, and their classification within the fair value hierarchy. For additional information regarding the financial instruments within the scope of this disclosure, and the methods and significant assumptions used to estimate their fair value, see Note 3 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
 
June 30, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
 
 
Estimated fair value hierarchy
 
 
 
Estimated fair value hierarchy
 
(in billions)
Carrying
value
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total estimated
fair value
 
Carrying
value
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total estimated
fair value
Financial assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and due from banks
$
19.7

$
19.7

$

$

$
19.7

 
$
20.5

$
20.5

$

$

$
20.5

Deposits with banks
345.6

340.4

5.2


345.6

 
340.0

335.9

4.1


340.0

Accrued interest and accounts receivable
64.9


64.8

0.1

64.9

 
46.6


46.4

0.2

46.6

Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
214.0


213.7

0.3

214.0

 
189.5


189.5


189.5

Securities borrowed
103.2


103.2


103.2

 
98.3


98.3


98.3

Securities, held-to-maturity(a)
53.8


56.8


56.8

 
49.1


50.6


50.6

Loans, net of allowance for loan losses(b)
856.7


26.7

835.3

862.0

 
820.8


25.4

802.7

828.1

Other
71.1

0.2

60.7

14.4

75.3

 
66.0

0.1

56.3

14.3

70.7

Financial liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits
$
1,318.7

$

$
1,318.6

$
0.1

$
1,318.7

 
$
1,267.2

$

$
1,266.1

$
1.2

$
1,267.3

Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
164.3


164.3


164.3

 
149.2


149.2


149.2

Commercial paper
17.3


17.3


17.3

 
15.6


15.6


15.6

Other borrowed funds
10.0


10.0


10.0

 
11.2


11.2


11.2

Accounts payable and other liabilities
155.3


152.3

2.7

155.0

 
144.6


141.7

2.8

144.5

Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs(c)
39.6


39.8


39.8

 
41.1


40.2

0.9

41.1

Long-term debt and junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures(d)
259.1


264.5

4.5

269.0

 
255.6


257.4

4.3

261.7

(a)
Carrying value reflects unamortized discount or premium.
(b)
Fair value is typically estimated using a discounted cash flow model that incorporates the characteristics of the underlying loans (including principal, contractual interest rate and contractual fees) and other key inputs, including expected lifetime credit losses, interest rates, prepayment rates, and primary origination or secondary market spreads. For certain loans, the fair value is measured based on the value of the underlying collateral. The difference between the estimated fair value and carrying value of a financial asset or liability is the result of the different methodologies used to determine fair value as compared with carrying value. For example, credit losses are estimated for a financial asset’s remaining life in a fair value calculation but are estimated for a loss emergence period in the allowance for loan loss calculation; future loan income (interest and fees) is incorporated in a fair value calculation but is generally not considered in the allowance for loan losses. For a further discussion of the Firm’s methodologies for estimating the fair value of loans and lending-related commitments, see Valuation hierarchy on pages 185–188 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
(c)
Carrying value reflects unamortized issuance costs.
(d)
Carrying value reflects unamortized premiums and discounts, issuance costs, and other valuation adjustments.
The majority of the Firm’s lending-related commitments are not carried at fair value on a recurring basis on the Consolidated balance sheets, nor are they actively traded. The carrying value of the allowance and the estimated fair value of the Firm’s wholesale lending-related commitments were as follows for the periods indicated.
 
June 30, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
 
 
Estimated fair value hierarchy
 
 
 
Estimated fair value hierarchy
 
(in billions)
Carrying value(a)
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total estimated fair value
 
Carrying value(a)
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total estimated fair value
Wholesale lending-related commitments
$
0.9

$

$

$
2.6

$
2.6

 
$
0.8

$

$

$
3.0

$
3.0

(a)
Excludes the current carrying values of the guarantee liability and the offsetting asset, each of which are recognized at fair value at the inception of guarantees.
The Firm does not estimate the fair value of consumer lending-related commitments. In many cases, the Firm can reduce or cancel these commitments by providing the borrower notice or, in some cases as permitted by law, without notice. For a further discussion of the valuation of lending-related commitments, see page 186 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.

98


Note 4 – Fair value option
For a discussion of the primary financial instruments for which the fair value option was elected, including the basis for those elections and the determination of instrument-specific credit risk, where relevant, see Note 4 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
Changes in fair value under the fair value option election
The following tables presents the changes in fair value included in the Consolidated statements of income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, for items for which the fair value option was elected. The profit and loss information presented below only includes the financial instruments that were elected to be measured at fair value; related risk management instruments, which are required to be measured at fair value, are not included in the table.
 
Three months ended June 30,

2016
 
2015
(in millions)
Principal transactions

All other income
Total changes in fair
value recorded
 
Principal transactions
 
All other income
Total changes in fair value recorded
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements(a)
$


$


$


 
$
(99
)
 
$

 
$
(99
)
Securities borrowed(a)
3




3


 
(2
)
 

 
(2
)
Trading assets:









 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt and equity instruments, excluding loans
(141
)

1


(140
)

 
139

 
1

 
140

Loans reported as trading assets(b):









 
 
 
 
 
 
Changes in instrument-specific credit risk
34


16

(e) 
50


 
59

 
10

(e) 
69

Other changes in fair value
70


206

(e) 
276


 
(15
)
 
100

(e) 
85

Loans(b):









 
 
 
 
 
 
Changes in instrument-specific credit risk






 

 

 

Other changes in fair value
(3
)



(3
)

 

 

 

Other assets
2


102

(f) 
104


 
2

 
3

(f) 
5

Deposits(c)
(226
)



(226
)

 
162

 

 
162

Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements(a)
(3
)



(3
)

 
18

 

 
18

Other borrowed funds(c)
(529
)



(529
)

 
115

 

 
115

Trading liabilities
(2
)



(2
)

 
(12
)
 

 
(12
)
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
16




16


 
26

 

 
26

Other liabilities






 

 

 

Long-term debt:









 
 
 
 
 
 
DVA on fair value option elected liabilities(c)






 
209

 

 
209

Other changes in fair value(d)
(600
)



(600
)

 
728

 

 
728


99


 
Six months ended June 30,

2016
 
 
2015
(in millions)
Principal transactions

All other income
Total changes in fair value recorded
 
 
Principal transactions
 
All other income
Total changes in fair value recorded
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements(a)
$
68


$


$
68

 
 
$
(26
)
 
$

 
$
(26
)
Securities borrowed(a)
1




1

 
 
(4
)
 

 
(4
)
Trading assets:








 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt and equity instruments, excluding loans
(113
)



(113
)
 
 
519

 
1

 
520

Loans reported as trading assets(b):








 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Changes in instrument-specific credit risk
98


14

(e) 
112

 
 
211

 
13

(e) 
224

Other changes in fair value
186


523

(e) 
709

 
 
112

 
380

(e) 
492

Loans(b):








 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Changes in instrument-specific credit risk
13




13

 
 
1

 

 
1

Other changes in fair value
4




4

 
 

 

 

Other assets
14


82

(f) 
96

 
 
62

 
9

(f) 
71

Deposits(c)
(569
)



(569
)
 
 
37

 

 
37

Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements(a)
(20
)



(20
)
 
 
9

 

 
9

Other borrowed funds(c)
(1
)



(1
)
 
 
106

 

 
106

Trading liabilities
2




2

 
 
(14
)
 

 
(14
)
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
23




23

 
 
44

 

 
44

Other liabilities





 
 

 

 

Long-term debt:








 
 
 
 
 
 
 
DVA on fair value option elected liabilities(c)





 
 
325

 

 
325

Other changes in fair value(d)
(918
)



(918
)
 
 
350

 

 
350

(a)
Resale and repurchase agreements, securities borrowed agreements and securities lending agreements: Generally, for these types of agreements, there is a requirement that collateral be maintained with a market value equal to or in excess of the principal amount loaned; as a result, there would be no adjustment or an immaterial adjustment for instrument-specific credit risk related to these agreements.
(b)
Loans and lending-related commitments: For floating-rate instruments, all changes in value are attributed to instrument-specific credit risk. For fixed-rate instruments, an allocation of the changes in value for the period is made between those changes in value that are interest rate-related and changes in value that are credit-related. Allocations are generally based on an analysis of borrower-specific credit spread and recovery information, where available, or benchmarking to similar entities or industries.
(c)
Effective January 1, 2016, unrealized gains/(losses) due to instrument-specific credit risk (DVA) for liabilities for which the fair value option has been elected is recorded in other comprehensive income, while realized gains (losses) are recorded in principal transactions revenue. DVA for the three months ended March 31, 2015 was included in principal transactions revenue. See Notes 3 and 19 for further information. The amounts presented for the three months ended March 31, 2015 include the impact of the Firm’s own credit quality on the inception value of liabilities as well as the impact of changes in the Firm’s own credit quality subsequent to issuance.
(d)
Long-term debt measured at fair value predominantly relate to structured notes containing embedded derivatives. Where present, the embedded derivative is the primary driver of risk. Although the risk associated with the structured notes is actively managed, the gains/(losses) reported in this table do not include the income statement impact of the risk management instruments used to manage such risk.
(e)
Reported in mortgage fees and related income.
(f)
Reported in other income.

100


Difference between aggregate fair value and aggregate remaining contractual principal balance outstanding
The following table reflects the difference between the aggregate fair value and the aggregate remaining contractual principal balance outstanding as of June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, for loans, long-term debt and long-term beneficial interests for which the fair value option has been elected.
 
June 30, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
(in millions)
Contractual principal outstanding

Fair value
Fair value over/(under) contractual principal outstanding
 
Contractual principal outstanding
 
Fair value
Fair value over/(under) contractual principal outstanding
Loans(a)







 
 
 
 
 
Nonaccrual loans







 
 
 
 
 
Loans reported as trading assets
$
3,432


$
819

$
(2,613
)
 
$
3,484

 
$
631

$
(2,853
)
Loans
7


7


 
7

 
7


Subtotal
3,439


826

(2,613
)
 
3,491

 
638

(2,853
)
All other performing loans







 
 
 
 
 
Loans reported as trading assets
32,923


30,767

(2,156
)
 
30,780

 
28,184

(2,596
)
Loans
1,814


1,808

(6
)
 
2,771

 
2,752

(19
)
Total loans
$
38,176


$
33,401

$
(4,775
)
 
$
37,042

 
$
31,574

$
(5,468
)
Long-term debt







 
 
 
 
 
Principal-protected debt
$
20,080

(c) 
$
18,602

$
(1,478
)
 
$
17,910

(c) 
$
16,611

$
(1,299
)
Nonprincipal-protected debt(b)
NA


17,884

NA

 
NA

 
16,454

NA

Total long-term debt
NA


$
36,486

NA

 
NA

 
$
33,065

NA

Long-term beneficial interests







 
 
 
 
 
Nonprincipal-protected debt
NA


$
586

NA

 
NA

 
$
787

NA

Total long-term beneficial interests
NA


$
586

NA

 
NA

 
$
787

NA

(a)
There were no performing loans that were ninety days or more past due as of June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, respectively.
(b)
Remaining contractual principal is not applicable to nonprincipal-protected notes. Unlike principal-protected structured notes, for which the Firm is obligated to return a stated amount of principal at the maturity of the note, nonprincipal-protected structured notes do not obligate the Firm to return a stated amount of principal at maturity, but to return an amount based on the performance of an underlying variable or derivative feature embedded in the note. However, investors are exposed to the credit risk of the Firm as issuer for both nonprincipal-protected and principal protected notes.
(c)
Where the Firm issues principal-protected zero-coupon or discount notes, the balance reflects the contractual principal payment at maturity or, if applicable, the contractual principal payment at the Firm’s next call date.
At June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, the contractual amount of letters of credit for which the fair value option was elected was $4.7 billion and $4.6 billion, respectively, with a corresponding fair value of $(95) million and $(94) million, respectively. For further information regarding off-balance sheet lending-related financial instruments, see Note 29 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report, and Note 21 of this Form 10-Q.
Structured note products by balance sheet classification and risk component
The table below presents the fair value of the structured notes issued by the Firm, by balance sheet classification and the primary risk type.
 
June 30, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
(in millions)
Long-term debt
Other borrowed funds
Deposits
Total
 
Long-term debt
Other borrowed funds
Deposits
Total
Risk exposure
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate
$
15,594

$
169

$
2,908

$
18,671

 
$
12,531

$
58

$
3,340

$
15,929

Credit
3,476

669


4,145

 
3,195

547


3,742

Foreign exchange
2,130

260

7

2,397

 
1,765

77

11

1,853

Equity
14,394

8,351

5,358

28,103

 
14,293

8,447

4,993

27,733

Commodity
646

37

1,584

2,267

 
640

50

1,981

2,671

Total structured notes
$
36,240

$
9,486

$
9,857

$
55,583

 
$
32,424

$
9,179

$
10,325

$
51,928




101


Note 5 – Derivative instruments
JPMorgan Chase makes markets in derivatives for clients and also uses derivatives to hedge or manage its own risk exposures. For a further discussion of the Firm’s use of and accounting policies regarding derivative instruments, see Note 6 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
The Firm’s disclosures are based on the accounting treatment and purpose of these derivatives. A limited number of the Firm’s derivatives are designated in hedge
 
accounting relationships and are disclosed according to the type of hedge (fair value hedge, cash flow hedge, or net investment hedge). Derivatives not designated in hedge accounting relationships include certain derivatives that are used to manage certain risks associated with specified assets or liabilities (“specified risk management” positions) as well as derivatives used in the Firm’s market-making businesses or for other purposes.


The following table outlines the Firm’s primary uses of derivatives and the related hedge accounting designation or disclosure category.
Type of Derivative
Use of Derivative
Designation and disclosure
Affected
segment or unit
10-Q page reference
Manage specifically identified risk exposures in qualifying hedge accounting relationships:
 
 
 
◦ Interest rate
Hedge fixed rate assets and liabilities
Fair value hedge
Corporate
108
◦ Interest rate
Hedge floating-rate assets and liabilities
Cash flow hedge
Corporate
109
 Foreign exchange
Hedge foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities
Fair value hedge
Corporate
108
 Foreign exchange
Hedge forecasted revenue and expense
Cash flow hedge
Corporate
109
 Foreign exchange
Hedge the value of the Firm’s investments in non-U.S. dollar functional currency entities
Net investment hedge
Corporate
110
 Commodity
Hedge commodity inventory
Fair value hedge
CIB
108
Manage specifically identified risk exposures not designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships:
 
 
 
 Interest rate
Manage the risk of the mortgage pipeline, warehouse loans and MSRs
Specified risk management
CCB
110
 Credit
Manage the credit risk of wholesale lending exposures
Specified risk management
CIB
110
 Commodity
Manage the risk of certain commodities-related contracts and investments
Specified risk management
CIB
110
 Interest rate and foreign exchange
Manage the risk of certain other specified assets and liabilities
Specified risk management
Corporate
110
Market-making derivatives and other activities:
 
 
 
 Various
Market-making and related risk management
Market-making and other
CIB
110
 Various
Other derivatives
Market-making and other
CIB, Corporate
110

102


Notional amount of derivative contracts
The following table summarizes the notional amount of derivative contracts outstanding as of June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015.
 
Notional amounts(b)
(in billions)
June 30,
2016
December 31, 2015
Interest rate contracts
 
 
Swaps
$
25,493

$
24,162

Futures and forwards
5,925

5,167

Written options
3,204

3,506

Purchased options
3,709

3,896

Total interest rate contracts
38,331

36,731

Credit derivatives(a)
2,688

2,900

Foreign exchange contracts
 
 
Cross-currency swaps
3,462

3,199

Spot, futures and forwards
5,708

5,028

Written options
816

690

Purchased options
822

706

Total foreign exchange contracts
10,808

9,623

Equity contracts
 
 
Swaps
252

232

Futures and forwards
47

43

Written options
487

395

Purchased options
418

326

Total equity contracts
1,204

996

Commodity contracts
 
 
Swaps
82

83

Spot, futures and forwards
128

99

Written options
116

115

Purchased options
116

112

Total commodity contracts
442

409

Total derivative notional amounts
$
53,473

$
50,659

(a)
For more information on volumes and types of credit derivative contracts, see the Credit derivatives discussion on page 111.
(b)
Represents the sum of gross long and gross short third-party notional derivative contracts.
While the notional amounts disclosed above give an indication of the volume of the Firm’s derivatives activity, the notional amounts significantly exceed, in the Firm’s view, the possible losses that could arise from such transactions. For most derivative transactions, the notional amount is not exchanged; it is used simply as a reference to calculate payments.


103


Impact of derivatives on the Consolidated Balance Sheets
The following table summarizes information on derivative receivables and payables (before and after netting adjustments) that are reflected on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, by accounting designation (e.g., whether the derivatives were designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships or not) and contract type.
Free-standing derivative receivables and payables(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross derivative receivables
 
 
 
Gross derivative payables
 
 
June 30, 2016
(in millions)
Not designated as hedges
 
Designated as hedges
Total derivative receivables
 
Net derivative receivables(b)
 
Not designated as hedges
 
Designated
as hedges
Total derivative payables
 
Net derivative payables(b)
Trading assets and liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate
$
923,529

 
$
7,599

$
931,128

 
$
37,885

 
$
883,414

 
$
3,713

$
887,127

 
$
15,077

Credit
40,089

 

40,089

 
1,794

 
39,658

 

39,658

 
1,723

Foreign exchange
229,337

 
1,556

230,893

 
24,083

 
230,007

 
1,547

231,554

 
23,223

Equity
39,014

 

39,014

 
7,127

 
40,702

 

40,702

 
8,227

Commodity
21,661

 
131

21,792

 
7,557

 
23,060

 
160

23,220

 
9,514

Total fair value of trading assets and liabilities
$
1,253,630

 
$
9,286

$
1,262,916

 
$
78,446

 
$
1,216,841

 
$
5,420

$
1,222,261

 
$
57,764

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross derivative receivables
 
 
 
Gross derivative payables
 
 
December 31, 2015
(in millions)
Not designated as hedges
 
Designated as hedges
Total derivative receivables
 
Net derivative receivables(b)
 
Not designated as hedges
 
Designated
as hedges
Total derivative payables
 
Net derivative payables(b)
Trading assets and liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate
$
665,531

 
$
4,080

$
669,611

 
$
26,363

 
$
632,928

 
$
2,238

$
635,166

 
$
10,221

Credit
51,468

 

51,468

 
1,423

 
50,529

 

50,529

 
1,541

Foreign exchange
179,072

 
803

179,875

 
17,177

 
189,397

 
1,503

190,900

 
19,769

Equity
35,859

 

35,859

 
5,529

 
38,663

 

38,663

 
9,183

Commodity
23,713

 
1,352

25,065

 
9,185

 
27,653

 
1

27,654

 
12,076

Total fair value of trading assets and liabilities
$
955,643

 
$
6,235

$
961,878

 
$
59,677

 
$
939,170

 
$
3,742

$
942,912

 
$
52,790

(a)
Balances exclude structured notes for which the fair value option has been elected. See Note 4 for further information.
(b)
As permitted under U.S. GAAP, the Firm has elected to net derivative receivables and derivative payables and the related cash collateral receivables and payables when a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists.


104


Derivatives netting
The following tables present, as of June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, gross and net derivative receivables and payables by contract and settlement type. Derivative receivables and payables, as well as the related cash collateral from the same counterparty have been netted on the Consolidated balance sheets where the Firm has obtained an appropriate legal opinion with respect to the master netting agreement. Where such a legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained, amounts are not eligible for netting on the Consolidated balance sheets, and those derivative receivables and payables are shown separately in the tables below.
In addition to the cash collateral received and transferred that is presented on a net basis with derivative receivables and payables, the Firm receives and transfers additional collateral (financial instruments and cash). These amounts mitigate counterparty credit risk associated with the Firm’s derivative instruments, but are not eligible for net presentation:
collateral that consists of non-cash financial instruments (generally U.S. government and agency securities and other G7 government bonds) and cash collateral held at third party custodians, which are shown separately as “Collateral not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets” in the tables below, up to the fair value exposure amount.
the amount of collateral held or transferred that exceeds the fair value exposure at the individual counterparty level, as of the date presented, which is excluded from the tables below.
collateral held or transferred that relates to derivative receivables or payables where an appropriate legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained with respect to the master netting agreement, which is excluded from the tables below.
 
June 30, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
(in millions)
Gross derivative receivables
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets
Net derivative receivables
 
Gross derivative receivables
 
Amounts netted
on the Consolidated balance sheets
Net derivative receivables
U.S. GAAP nettable derivative receivables
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTC
$
523,664

$
(493,080
)
 
$
30,584

 
$
417,386

 
$
(396,506
)
 
$
20,880

OTC–cleared
400,405

(399,891
)
 
514

 
246,750

 
(246,742
)
 
8

Exchange-traded(a)
282

(272
)
 
10

 

 

 

Total interest rate contracts
924,351

(893,243
)
 
31,108

 
664,136

 
(643,248
)
 
20,888

Credit contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTC
32,986

(31,700
)
 
1,286

 
44,082

 
(43,182
)
 
900

OTC–cleared
6,629

(6,595
)
 
34

 
6,866

 
(6,863
)
 
3

Total credit contracts
39,615

(38,295
)
 
1,320

 
50,948

 
(50,045
)
 
903

Foreign exchange contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTC
223,658

(206,356
)
 
17,302

 
175,060

 
(162,377
)
 
12,683

OTC–cleared
501

(406
)
 
95

 
323

 
(321
)
 
2

Exchange-traded(a)
128

(48
)
 
80

 

 

 

Total foreign exchange contracts
224,287

(206,810
)
 
17,477

 
175,383

 
(162,698
)
 
12,685

Equity contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTC
21,473

(20,244
)
 
1,229

 
20,690

 
(20,439
)
 
251

OTC–cleared


 

 

 

 

Exchange-traded(a)
15,840

(11,643
)
 
4,197

 
12,285

 
(9,891
)
 
2,394

Total equity contracts
37,313

(31,887
)
 
5,426

 
32,975

 
(30,330
)
 
2,645

Commodity contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTC
12,904

(6,092
)
 
6,812

 
15,001

 
(6,772
)
 
8,229

OTC–cleared


 

 

 

 

Exchange-traded(a)
8,293

(8,143
)
 
150

 
9,199

 
(9,108
)
 
91

Total commodity contracts
21,197

(14,235
)
 
6,962

 
24,200

 
(15,880
)
 
8,320

Derivative receivables with appropriate legal opinion
1,246,763

(1,184,470
)
(b) 
62,293

 
947,642

 
(902,201
)
(b) 
45,441

Derivative receivables where an appropriate legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained
16,153

 
 
16,153

 
14,236

 
 
 
14,236

Total derivative receivables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets
$
1,262,916

 
 
$
78,446

 
$
961,878

 
 
 
$
59,677

Collateral not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets(c)(d)
 
 
 
(17,150
)
 
 
 
 
 
(13,543
)
Net amounts
 
 
 
$
61,296

 
 
 
 
 
$
46,134


105


 
June 30, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
(in millions)
Gross derivative payables
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets
Net derivative payables
 
Gross derivative payables
 
Amounts netted
on the Consolidated balance sheets
Net derivative payables
U.S. GAAP nettable derivative payables
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTC
$
492,414

$
(478,773
)
 
$
13,641

 
$
393,709

 
$
(384,576
)
 
$
9,133

OTC–cleared
393,503

(393,154
)
 
349

 
240,398

 
(240,369
)
 
29

Exchange-traded(a)
160

(123
)
 
37

 

 

 

Total interest rate contracts
886,077

(872,050
)
 
14,027

 
634,107

 
(624,945
)
 
9,162

Credit contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTC
33,215

(31,778
)
 
1,437

 
44,379

 
(43,019
)
 
1,360

OTC–cleared
6,157

(6,157
)
 

 
5,969

 
(5,969
)
 

Total credit contracts
39,372

(37,935
)
 
1,437

 
50,348

 
(48,988
)
 
1,360

Foreign exchange contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTC
224,421

(207,922
)
 
16,499

 
185,178

 
(170,830
)
 
14,348

OTC–cleared
389

(389
)
 

 
301

 
(301
)
 

Exchange-traded(a)
317

(20
)
 
297

 

 

 

Total foreign exchange contracts
225,127

(208,331
)
 
16,796

 
185,479

 
(171,131
)
 
14,348

Equity contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTC
25,715

(20,901
)
 
4,814

 
23,458

 
(19,589
)
 
3,869

OTC–cleared


 

 

 

 

Exchange-traded(a)
12,094

(11,574
)
 
520

 
10,998

 
(9,891
)
 
1,107

Total equity contracts
37,809

(32,475
)
 
5,334

 
34,456

 
(29,480
)
 
4,976

Commodity contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTC
13,355

(5,318
)
 
8,037

 
16,953

 
(6,256
)
 
10,697

OTC–cleared


 

 

 

 

Exchange-traded(a)
8,729

(8,388
)
 
341

 
9,374

 
(9,322
)
 
52

Total commodity contracts
22,084

(13,706
)
 
8,378

 
26,327

 
(15,578
)
 
10,749

Derivative payables with appropriate legal opinions
1,210,469

(1,164,497
)
(b) 
45,972

 
930,717

 
(890,122
)
(b) 
40,595

Derivative payables where an appropriate legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained
11,792

 
 
11,792

 
12,195

 
 
 
12,195

Total derivative payables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets
$
1,222,261

 
 
$
57,764

 
$
942,912

 
 
 
$
52,790

Collateral not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets(c)(d)(e)
 
 
 
(10,017
)
 
 
 
 
 
(7,957
)
Net amounts
 
 
 
$
47,747

 
 
 
 
 
$
44,833

(a)
Exchange-traded derivative balances that relate to futures contracts are settled daily.
(b)
Net derivatives receivable included cash collateral netted of $88.5 billion and $73.7 billion at June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, respectively. Net derivatives payable included cash collateral netted of $68.5 billion and $61.6 billion related to OTC and OTC-cleared derivatives at June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, respectively.
(c)
Excludes all collateral related to derivative instruments where an appropriate legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained.
(d)
Represents liquid security collateral as well as cash collateral held at third party custodians related to derivative instruments where an appropriate legal opinion has been obtained. For some counterparties, the collateral amounts of financial instruments may exceed the derivative receivables and derivative payables balances. Where this is the case, the total amount reported is limited to the net derivative receivables and net derivative payables balances with that counterparty.
(e)
Derivative payables collateral relates only to OTC and OTC-cleared derivative instruments. Amounts exclude collateral transferred related to exchange-traded derivative instruments.


106


Liquidity risk and credit-related contingent features
For a more detailed discussion of liquidity risk and credit-related contingent features related to the Firm’s derivative contracts, see Note 6 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
The following table shows the aggregate fair value of net derivative payables related to OTC and OTC-cleared derivatives that contain contingent collateral or termination features that may be triggered upon a ratings downgrade, and the associated collateral the Firm has posted in the normal course of business, at June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015.
 
OTC and OTC-cleared derivative payables containing downgrade triggers
(in millions)
June 30,
2016
December 31, 2015
Aggregate fair value of net derivative payables
$
25,926

$
22,328

Collateral posted
21,139

18,942






The following table shows the impact of a single-notch and two-notch downgrade of the long-term issuer ratings of JPMorgan Chase & Co. and its subsidiaries, predominantly JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association (“JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.”),
at June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, related to OTC and OTC-cleared derivative contracts with contingent collateral or termination features that may be triggered upon a ratings downgrade. Derivatives contracts generally require additional collateral to be posted or terminations to be triggered when the predefined threshold rating is breached. A downgrade by a single rating agency that does not result in a rating lower than a preexisting corresponding rating provided by another major rating agency will generally not result in additional collateral, (except in certain instances in which additional initial margin may be required upon a ratings downgrade), nor in termination payments requirements. The liquidity impact in the table is calculated based upon a downgrade below the lowest current rating of the rating agencies referred to in the derivative contract.
Liquidity impact of downgrade triggers on OTC and OTC-cleared derivatives
 
 
 
 
 
June 30, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
(in millions)
Single-notch downgrade
Two-notch downgrade
 
Single-notch downgrade
Two-notch downgrade
Amount of additional collateral to be posted upon downgrade(a)
$
723

$
2,798

 
$
807

$
3,028

Amount required to settle contracts with termination triggers upon downgrade(b)
255

858

 
271

1,093

(a)
Includes the additional collateral to be posted for initial margin.
(b)
Amounts represent fair values of derivative payables, and do not reflect collateral posted.
Derivatives executed in contemplation of a sale of the underlying financial asset
In certain instances the Firm enters into transactions in which it transfers financial assets but maintains the economic exposure to the transferred assets by entering into a derivative with the same counterparty in contemplation of the initial transfer. The Firm generally accounts for such transfers as collateralized financing transactions as described in Note 12, but in limited circumstances they may qualify to be accounted for as a sale and a derivative under U.S. GAAP. The amount of such transfers accounted for as a sale where the associated derivative was outstanding at June 30, 2016 was not material.



107


Impact of derivatives on the Consolidated statements of income
The following tables provide information related to gains and losses recorded on derivatives based on their hedge accounting designation or purpose.
Fair value hedge gains and losses

The following tables present derivative instruments, by contract type, used in fair value hedge accounting relationships, as well as pre-tax gains/(losses) recorded on such derivatives and the related hedged items for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
 
Gains/(losses) recorded in income
 
Income statement impact due to:
Three months ended June 30, 2016
(in millions)
Derivatives
Hedged items
Total income statement impact
 
Hedge ineffectiveness(d)
Excluded components(e)
Contract type
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate(a)
$
903

$
(709
)
$
194

 
$
1

$
193

Foreign exchange(b)
1,487

(1,472
)
15

 

15

Commodity(c)
(215
)
216

1

 
(10
)
11

Total
$
2,175

$
(1,965
)
$
210

 
$
(9
)
$
219

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gains/(losses) recorded in income
 
Income statement impact due to:
Three months ended June 30, 2015
(in millions)
Derivatives
Hedged items
Total income statement impact
 
Hedge ineffectiveness(d)
Excluded components(e)
Contract type
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate(a)
$
(1,541
)
$
1,709

$
168

 
$
(19
)
$
187

Foreign exchange(b)
(2,118
)
2,097

(21
)
 

(21
)
Commodity(c)
242

(295
)
(53
)
 
(5
)
(48
)
Total
$
(3,417
)
$
3,511

$
94

 
$
(24
)
$
118

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gains/(losses) recorded in income
 
Income statement impact due to:
Six months ended June 30, 2016
(in millions)
Derivatives
Hedged items
Total income statement impact
 
Hedge ineffectiveness(d)
Excluded components(e)
Contract type
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate(a)
$
2,281

$
(1,908
)
$
373

 
$
29

$
344

Foreign exchange(b)
189

(90
)
99

 

99

Commodity(c)
(73
)
78

5

 
(12
)
17

Total
$
2,397

$
(1,920
)
$
477

 
$
17

$
460

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gains/(losses) recorded in income
 
Income statement impact due to:
Six months ended June 30, 2015
(in millions)
Derivatives
Hedged items
Total income statement impact
 
Hedge ineffectiveness(d)
Excluded components(e)
Contract type
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate(a)
$
(935
)
$
1,461

$
526

 
$
(2
)
$
528

Foreign exchange(b)
4,357

(4,362
)
(5
)
 

(5
)
Commodity(c)
564

(603
)
(39
)
 
(11
)
(28
)
Total
$
3,986

$
(3,504
)
$
482

 
$
(13
)
$
495

(a)
Primarily consists of hedges of the benchmark (e.g., London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”)) interest rate risk of fixed-rate long-term debt and AFS securities. Gains and losses were recorded in net interest income.
(b)
Primarily consists of hedges of the foreign currency risk of long-term debt and AFS securities for changes in spot foreign currency rates. Gains and losses related to the derivatives and the hedged items, due to changes in foreign currency rates, were recorded primarily in principal transactions revenue and net interest income.
(c)
Consists of overall fair value hedges of physical commodities inventories that are generally carried at the lower of cost or market (market approximates fair value). Gains and losses were recorded in principal transactions revenue.
(d)
Hedge ineffectiveness is the amount by which the gain or loss on the designated derivative instrument does not exactly offset the gain or loss on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk.
(e)
The assessment of hedge effectiveness excludes certain components of the changes in fair values of the derivatives and hedged items such as forward points on foreign exchange forward contracts and time values.

108


Cash flow hedge gains and losses

The following tables present derivative instruments, by contract type, used in cash flow hedge accounting relationships, and the pre-tax gains/(losses) recorded on such derivatives, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The Firm includes the gain/(loss) on the hedging derivative and the change in cash flows on the hedged item in the same line item in the Consolidated statements of income.
 
Gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
Three months ended June 30, 2016
(in millions)
Derivatives – effective portion reclassified from AOCI to income
Hedge ineffectiveness recorded directly in income(c)
Total income statement impact
 
Derivatives – effective portion recorded in OCI
Total change
in OCI
for period
Contract type
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate(a)
$
(20
)
$

$
(20
)
 
$
(26
)
$
(6
)
Foreign exchange(b)
(28
)

(28
)
 
(161
)
(133
)
Total
$
(48
)
$

$
(48
)
 
$
(187
)
$
(139
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
Three months ended June 30, 2015
(in millions)
Derivatives – effective portion reclassified from AOCI to income
Hedge ineffectiveness recorded directly in income(c)
Total income statement impact
 
Derivatives – effective portion recorded in OCI
Total change
in OCI
for period
Contract type
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate(a)
$
22

$

$
22

 
$
(23
)
$
(45
)
Foreign exchange(b)
(29
)

(29
)
 
143

172

Total
$
(7
)
$

$
(7
)
 
$
120

$
127

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
Six months ended June 30, 2016
(in millions)
Derivatives – effective portion reclassified from AOCI to income
Hedge ineffectiveness recorded directly in income(c)
Total income statement impact
 
Derivatives – effective portion recorded in OCI
Total change
in OCI
for period
Contract type
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate(a)
$
(40
)
$

$
(40
)
 
$
(100
)
$
(60
)
Foreign exchange(b)
(63
)

(63
)
 
(254
)
(191
)
Total
$
(103
)
$

$
(103
)
 
$
(354
)
$
(251
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
Six months ended June 30, 2015
(in millions)
Derivatives – effective portion reclassified from AOCI to income
Hedge ineffectiveness recorded directly in income(c)
Total income statement impact
 
Derivatives – effective portion recorded in OCI
Total change
in OCI
for period
Contract type
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate(a)
$
(127
)
$

$
(127
)
 
$
(20
)
$
107

Foreign exchange(b)
(55
)

(55
)
 
91

146

Total
$
(182
)
$

$
(182
)
 
$
71

$
253

(a)
Primarily consists of benchmark interest rate hedges of LIBOR-indexed floating-rate assets and floating-rate liabilities. Gains and losses were recorded in net interest income, and for the forecasted transactions that the Firm determined during the six months ended June 30, 2015, were probable of not occurring, in other income.
(b)
Primarily consists of hedges of the foreign currency risk of non-U.S. dollar-denominated revenue and expense. The income statement classification of gains and losses follows the hedged item – primarily noninterest revenue and compensation expense.
(c)
Hedge ineffectiveness is the amount by which the cumulative gain or loss on the designated derivative instrument exceeds the present value of the cumulative expected change in cash flows on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk.
The Firm did not experience any forecasted transactions that failed to occur for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016. In the first quarter of 2015, the Firm reclassified approximately $150 million of net losses from AOCI to other income because the Firm determined that it was probable that the forecasted interest payment cash flows would not occur as a result of the planned reduction in wholesale non-operating deposits.
 
Over the next 12 months, the Firm expects that approximately $212 million (after-tax) of net losses recorded in AOCI at June 30, 2016, related to cash flow hedges will be recognized in income. For terminated cash flow hedges, the maximum length of time over which forecasted transactions are remaining is approximately 7 years. For open cash flow hedges, the maximum length of time over which forecasted transactions are hedged is approximately 2 years. The Firm’s longer-dated forecasted transactions relate to core lending and borrowing activities.


109


Net investment hedge gains and losses
The following table presents hedging instruments, by contract type, that were used in net investment hedge accounting relationships, and the pre-tax gains/(losses) recorded on such instruments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015.
 
Gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
 
2016
 
2015
Three months ended June 30, (in millions)
Excluded components recorded directly
in income(a)
Effective portion recorded in OCI
 
Excluded components
recorded directly
in income(a)
Effective portion recorded in OCI
Foreign exchange derivatives
 
$
(65
)
 
$
17

 
 
$
(91
)
 
$
(250
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
 
2016
 
2015
Six months ended June 30, (in millions)
Excluded components recorded directly
in income
(a)
Effective portion recorded in OCI
 
Excluded components
recorded directly
in income
(a)
Effective portion recorded in OCI
Foreign exchange derivatives
 
$
(150
)
 
$
(573
)
 
 
$
(189
)
 
$
743

(a)
Certain components of hedging derivatives are permitted to be excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness, such as forward points on foreign exchange forward contracts. Amounts related to excluded components are recorded in other income. The Firm measures the ineffectiveness of net investment hedge accounting relationships based on changes in spot foreign currency rates, and, therefore, there was no significant ineffectiveness for net investment hedge accounting relationships during the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015.
Gains and losses on derivatives used for specified risk management purposes
The following table presents pre-tax gains/(losses) recorded on a limited number of derivatives, not designated in hedge accounting relationships, that are used to manage risks associated with certain specified assets and liabilities, including certain risks arising from the mortgage pipeline, warehouse loans, MSRs, wholesale lending exposures, foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities, and commodities-related contracts and investments.
 
 
Derivatives gains/(losses)
recorded in income
 
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2016
2015
2016
2015
Contract type
 
 
 
 
Interest rate(a)
$
661

$
(563
)
$
1,644

$
120

Credit(b)
(99
)
(10
)
(160
)
(24
)
Foreign exchange(c)
10

7


(5
)
Commodity(d)

23


(13
)
Total
$
572

$
(543
)
$
1,484

$
78

(a)
Primarily represents interest rate derivatives used to hedge the interest rate risk inherent in the mortgage pipeline, warehouse loans and MSRs, as well as written commitments to originate warehouse loans. Gains and losses were recorded predominantly in mortgage fees and related income.
(b)
Relates to credit derivatives used to mitigate credit risk associated with lending exposures in the Firm’s wholesale businesses. These derivatives do not include credit derivatives used to mitigate counterparty credit risk arising from derivative receivables, which is included in gains and losses on derivatives related to market-making activities and other derivatives. Gains and losses were recorded in principal transactions revenue.
(c)
Primarily relates to derivatives used to mitigate foreign exchange risk of specified foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities. Gains and losses were recorded in principal transactions revenue.
(d)
Primarily relates to commodity derivatives used to mitigate energy price risk associated with energy-related contracts and investments. Gains and losses were recorded in principal transactions revenue.
Gains and losses on derivatives related to market-making activities and other derivatives
The Firm makes markets in derivatives in order to meet the needs of customers and uses derivatives to manage certain risks associated with net open risk positions from its market-making activities, including the counterparty credit risk arising from derivative receivables. All derivatives not included in the hedge accounting or specified risk management categories above are included in this category. Gains and losses on these derivatives are primarily recorded in principal transactions revenue. See Note 6 for information on principal transactions revenue.


110


Credit derivatives
For a more detailed discussion of credit derivatives, see Note 6 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report. The Firm does not use notional amounts of credit derivatives as the primary measure of risk management for such derivatives, because the notional amount does not take into account the probability of the occurrence of a credit event, the recovery value of the reference obligation, or related cash instruments and economic hedges, each of which reduces, in the Firm’s view, the risks associated with such derivatives.
Total credit derivatives and credit-related notes
 
Maximum payout/Notional amount
June 30, 2016 (in millions)
Protection sold
Protection
purchased with
identical underlyings(b)
Net protection (sold)/purchased(c)
 
Other protection purchased(d)
Credit derivatives
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit default swaps
$
(1,265,820
)
 
$
1,296,519

$
30,699

 
$
9,114

Other credit derivatives(a)
(48,447
)
 
55,407

6,960

 
13,394

Total credit derivatives
(1,314,267
)
 
1,351,926

37,659

 
22,508

Credit-related notes
(30
)
 

(30
)
 
5,285

Total
$
(1,314,297
)
 
$
1,351,926

$
37,629

 
$
27,793

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Maximum payout/Notional amount
December 31, 2015 (in millions)
Protection sold
Protection
purchased with
identical underlyings(b)
Net protection (sold)/purchased(c)
 
Other protection purchased(d)
Credit derivatives
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit default swaps
$
(1,386,071
)
 
$
1,402,201

$
16,130

 
$
12,011

Other credit derivatives(a)
(42,738
)
 
38,158

(4,580
)
 
18,792

Total credit derivatives
(1,428,809
)
 
1,440,359

11,550

 
30,803

Credit-related notes
(30
)
 

(30
)
 
4,715

Total
$
(1,428,839
)
 
$
1,440,359

$
11,520

 
$
35,518

(a)
Other credit derivatives predominantly consists of credit swap options.
(b)
Represents the total notional amount of protection purchased where the underlying reference instrument is identical to the reference instrument on protection sold; the notional amount of protection purchased for each individual identical underlying reference instrument may be greater or lower than the notional amount of protection sold.
(c)
Does not take into account the fair value of the reference obligation at the time of settlement, which would generally reduce the amount the seller of protection pays to the buyer of protection in determining settlement value.
(d)
Represents protection purchased by the Firm on referenced instruments (single-name, portfolio or index) where the Firm has not sold any protection on the identical reference instrument.
The following tables summarize the notional amounts by the ratings and maturity profile, and the total fair value, of credit derivatives and credit-related notes as of June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, where JPMorgan Chase is the seller of protection. The maturity profile is based on the remaining contractual maturity of the credit derivative contracts. The ratings profile is based on the rating of the reference entity on which the credit derivative contract is based. The ratings and maturity profile of credit derivatives and credit-related notes where JPMorgan Chase is the purchaser of protection are comparable to the profile reflected below.
Protection sold – credit derivatives and credit-related notes ratings(a)/maturity profile
 
 
 
June 30, 2016
(in millions)
<1 year
 
1–5 years
 
>5 years
 
Total
notional amount
 
Fair value of receivables(b)
 
Fair value of payables(b)
 
Net fair value
Risk rating of reference entity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment-grade
$
(301,532
)
 
$
(630,907
)
 
$
(50,438
)
 
$
(982,877
)
 
$
10,283

 
$
(5,367
)
 
$
4,916

Noninvestment-grade
(112,773
)
 
(204,633
)
 
(14,014
)
 
(331,420
)
 
9,220

 
(14,275
)
 
(5,055
)
Total
$
(414,305
)
 
$
(835,540
)
 
$
(64,452
)
 
$
(1,314,297
)
 
$
19,503

 
$
(19,642
)
 
$
(139
)
December 31, 2015
(in millions)
<1 year
 
1–5 years
 
>5 years
 
Total
notional amount
 
Fair value of receivables(b)
 
Fair value of payables(b)
 
Net fair value
Risk rating of reference entity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment-grade
$
(307,211
)
 
$
(699,227
)
 
$
(46,970
)
 
$
(1,053,408
)
 
$
13,539

 
$
(6,836
)
 
$
6,703

Noninvestment-grade
(109,195
)
 
(245,151
)
 
(21,085
)
 
(375,431
)
 
10,823

 
(18,891
)
 
(8,068
)
Total
$
(416,406
)
 
$
(944,378
)
 
$
(68,055
)
 
$
(1,428,839
)
 
$
24,362

 
$
(25,727
)
 
$
(1,365
)
(a)
The ratings scale is primarily based on external credit ratings defined by S&P and Moody’s.
(b)
Amounts are shown on a gross basis, before the benefit of legally enforceable master netting agreements and cash collateral received by the Firm.

111


Note 6 – Noninterest revenue
For a discussion of the components of and accounting policies for the Firm’s noninterest revenue, see Note 7 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
The following table presents the components of investment banking fees.

Three months ended June 30,

Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2016

2015

2016

2015
Underwriting







Equity
$
283


$
452


$
485


$
851

Debt
896


913


1,446


1,766

Total underwriting
1,179


1,365


1,931


2,617

Advisory
465


468


1,046


1,010

Total investment banking fees
$
1,644


$
1,833


$
2,977


$
3,627

The following table presents all realized and unrealized gains and losses recorded in principal transactions revenue. This table excludes interest income and interest expense on trading assets and liabilities, which are an integral part of the overall performance of the Firm’s client-driven market-making activities. See Note 7 for further information on interest income and interest expense. Trading revenue is presented primarily by instrument type. The Firm’s client-driven market-making businesses generally utilize a variety of instrument types in connection with their market-making and related risk-management activities; accordingly, the trading revenue presented in the table below is not representative of the total revenue of any individual line of business.
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Trading revenue by instrument type
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate
$
635

 
$
420

 
$
1,018

 
$
1,306

Credit
728

 
624

 
1,103

 
1,039

Foreign exchange
576

 
563

 
1,283

 
1,407

Equity
861

 
908

 
1,691

 
1,956

Commodity(a)
224

 
250

 
450

 
589

Total trading revenue
3,024

 
2,765

 
5,545

 
6,297

Private equity gains(b)
(48
)
 
69

 
110

 
192

Principal transactions
$
2,976

 
$
2,834

 
$
5,655

 
$
6,489

(a)
Commodity derivatives are frequently used to manage the Firm’s risk exposure to its physical commodities inventories. For gains/(losses) related to commodity fair value hedges, see Note 5.
(b)
Includes revenue on private equity investments held in the Private Equity business within Corporate, as well as those held in other business segments.
 
The following table presents the components of firmwide asset management, administration and commissions.
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Asset management fees
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment management fees(a)
$
2,210

 
$
2,416

 
$
4,338

 
$
4,690

All other asset management fees(b)
97

 
99

 
187

 
198

Total asset management fees
2,307

 
2,515

 
4,525

 
4,888

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total administration
fees(c)
488

 
527

 
966

 
1,034

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commission and other fees
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Brokerage commissions
535

 
592

 
1,123

 
1,186

All other commissions and fees
351

 
381

 
691

 
714

Total commissions and fees
886

 
973

 
1,814

 
1,900

Total asset management, administration and commissions
$
3,681

 
$
4,015

 
$
7,305

 
$
7,822

(a)
Represents fees earned from managing assets on behalf of the Firm’s clients, including investors in Firm-sponsored funds and owners of separately managed investment accounts.
(b)
Represents fees for services that are ancillary to investment management services, such as commissions earned on the sales or distribution of mutual funds to clients.
(c)
Predominantly includes fees for custody, securities lending, funds services and securities clearance.
Other income
Other income on the Firm’s Consolidated statements of income included the following:
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Operating lease income
$
651

 
$
504

 
$
1,266

 
$
973



112


Note 7 – Interest income and Interest expense
For a description of JPMorgan Chase’s accounting policies regarding interest income and interest expense, see Note 8 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
Details of interest income and interest expense were as follows.

Three months ended
June 30,

Six months ended
June 30,
(in millions)
2016

2015

2016

2015
Interest income











Loans
$
8,974


$
8,079


$
17,828


$
16,026

Taxable securities
1,380


1,608


2,822


3,332

Nontaxable securities(a)
442


423


885


821

Total securities
1,822


2,031


3,707


4,153

Trading assets
1,860


1,736


3,558


3,470

Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
576


340


1,130


736

Securities borrowed(b) 
(96
)

(159
)

(188
)

(279
)
Deposits with banks
466


312


926


653

Other assets(c)
211


175


404


320

Total interest income
13,813


12,514


27,365


25,079

Interest expense











Interest-bearing deposits
321


308


641


672

Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
282


143


542


285

Commercial paper
38


30


71


64

Trading liabilities – debt, short-term and other liabilities(d)
314


171


541


327

Long-term debt
1,393


1,068


2,612


2,162

Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
118


110


231


208

Total interest expense
2,466


1,830


4,638


3,718

Net interest income
11,347


10,684


22,727


21,361

Provision for credit losses
1,402


935


3,226


1,894

Net interest income after provision for credit losses
$
9,945


$
9,749


$
19,501


$
19,467

(a)
Represents securities which are tax-exempt for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
(b)
Negative interest income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, is a result of increased client-driven demand for certain securities combined with the impact of low interest rates. This is matched book activity and the negative interest expense on the corresponding securities loaned is recognized in interest expense and reported within short-term and other liabilities.
(c)
Largely margin loans.
(d)
Includes brokerage customer payables.


113


Note 8 – Pension and other postretirement employee benefit plans
For a discussion of JPMorgan Chase’s pension and OPEB plans, see Note 9 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
The following table presents the components of net periodic benefit costs reported in the Consolidated statements of income for the Firm’s U.S. and non-U.S. defined benefit pension, defined contribution and OPEB plans.
 
Pension plans
 
 
 
 
U.S.
 
Non-U.S.
 
OPEB plans
Three months ended June 30, (in millions)
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
Components of net periodic benefit cost
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Benefits earned during the period
$
74

$
85

 
$
9

$
10

 
$

$

Interest cost on benefit obligations
133

125

 
24

28

 
7

8

Expected return on plan assets
(223
)
(233
)
 
(34
)
(37
)
 
(26
)
(27
)
Amortization:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net (gain)/loss
58

61

 
6

9

 


Prior service cost/(credit)
(8
)
(8
)
 
(1
)
(1
)
 


Net periodic defined benefit cost
34

30

 
4

9

 
(19
)
(19
)
Other defined benefit pension plans(a)
4

4

 
3


 
NA

NA

Total defined benefit plans
38

34

 
7

9

 
(19
)
(19
)
Total defined contribution plans
123

115

 
83

86

 
NA

NA

Total pension and OPEB cost included in compensation expense
$
161

$
149

 
$
90

$
95

 
$
(19
)
$
(19
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pension plans
 
 
 
 
U.S.
 
Non-U.S.
 
OPEB plans
Six months ended June 30, (in millions)
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
Components of net periodic benefit cost
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Benefits earned during the period
$
147

$
170

 
$
18

$
19

 
$

$

Interest cost on benefit obligations
266

250

 
50

56

 
15

16

Expected return on plan assets
(445
)
(465
)
 
(70
)
(75
)
 
(52
)
(53
)
Amortization:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Net (gain)/loss
117

123

 
11

18

 


Prior service cost/(credit)
(17
)
(17
)
 
(1
)
(1
)
 


Net periodic defined benefit cost
68

61

 
8

17

 
(37
)
(37
)
Other defined benefit pension plans(a)
7

7

 
5

5

 
NA

NA

Total defined benefit plans
75

68

 
13

22

 
(37
)
(37
)
Total defined contribution plans
222

204

 
169

169

 
NA

NA

Total pension and OPEB cost included in compensation expense
$
297

$
272

 
$
182

$
191

 
$
(37
)
$
(37
)
(a)
Includes various defined benefit pension plans which are individually immaterial.
The fair values of plan assets for the U.S. defined benefit pension and OPEB plans and for the material non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans were $15.9 billion and $3.6 billion, as of June 30, 2016, and $16.0 billion and $3.5 billion respectively, as of December 31, 2015. See Note 19 for further information on unrecognized amounts (i.e., net (gain)/loss and prior service costs/(credit)) reflected in AOCI for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016
and 2015.
 
The Firm does not anticipate any contribution to the U.S. defined benefit pension plan in 2016 at this time. For 2016, the cost associated with funding benefits under the Firm’s U.S. non-qualified defined benefit pension plans is expected to total $33 million. The 2016 contributions to the non-U.S. defined benefit pension and OPEB plans are expected to be $47 million and $2 million, respectively.


114


Note 9 – Employee stock-based incentives
For a discussion of the accounting policies and other information relating to employee stock-based incentives, see Note 10 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
The Firm recognized the following noncash compensation expense related to its various employee stock-based incentive plans in its Consolidated statements of income.
 
Three months ended
June 30,
 
Six months ended
June 30,
(in millions)
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Cost of prior grants of RSUs, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”) and performance share units (“PSUs”) that are amortized over their applicable vesting periods
$
267

 
$
295

 
$
551

 
$
587

Accrual of estimated costs of stock-based awards to be granted in future periods including those to full-career eligible employees
287

 
215

 
522

 
488

Total noncash compensation expense related to employee stock-based incentive plans
$
554

 
$
510

 
$
1,073

 
$
1,075

In the first quarter of 2016, in connection with its annual incentive grant for the 2015 performance year, the Firm granted 33 million RSUs and 926 thousand PSUs, all with a weighted-average grant date fair value of $57.24.
PSU Awards
In January 2016, the Firm’s Board of Directors approved the grant of PSUs to members of the Firm’s Operating Committee under the variable compensation program for performance year 2015. PSUs are subject to the Firm’s achievement of specified performance criteria over a three-year period. The number of awards that vest can range from zero to 150% of the grant amount. The awards vest and are converted into shares of common stock in the quarter after the end of the three-year performance period. In addition, dividends will be notionally reinvested in the Firm’s common stock and will be delivered only in respect of any earned shares.
Once the PSUs have vested, the shares of common stock that are delivered, after applicable tax withholding, must be held for an additional two-year period, for a total combined vesting and holding period of five years from the grant date.

 
Note 10 – Noninterest expense
For details on noninterest expense, see Consolidated statements of income on page 81. Included within other expense are the following:
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Legal expense/(benefit)
$
(430
)
 
$
291

 
$
(476
)
 
$
978

FDIC-related expense
283

 
300

 
552

 
618




115


Note 11 – Securities
Securities are classified as trading, AFS or HTM. Securities classified as trading assets are discussed in Note 3. Predominantly all of the Firm’s AFS and HTM securities are held by Treasury and CIO within the investment securities portfolio in connection with the Firm’s asset-liability management objectives. At June 30, 2016, the investment securities portfolio consisted of debt securities with an average credit rating of AA+ (based upon external ratings where available, and where not available, based primarily upon internal ratings which correspond to ratings as defined by S&P and Moody’s). For additional information regarding the investment securities portfolio, see Note 12 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
 
During the second quarter of 2016, the Firm transferred commercial mortgage-backed securities and obligations of U.S. states and municipalities with a fair value of $7.5 billion from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity. These securities were transferred at fair value. AOCI included net pretax unrealized gains of $78 million on the securities at the date of transfer. The transfers reflect the Firm’s intent to hold the securities to maturity in order to reduce the impact of price volatility on AOCI. This transfer was a non-cash transaction.

The amortized costs and estimated fair values of the investment securities portfolio were as follows for the dates indicated.
 
June 30, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
(in millions)
Amortized cost
Gross unrealized gains
Gross unrealized losses
Fair value
 
Amortized cost
Gross unrealized gains
Gross unrealized losses
Fair value
Available-for-sale debt securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government agencies(a) 
$
54,254

$
1,955

$
28

 
$
56,181

 
$
53,689

$
1,483

$
106

 
$
55,066

Residential:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prime and Alt-A
6,916

79

28

 
6,967

 
7,462

40

57

 
7,445

Subprime
2,765

6

6

 
2,765

 
210

7


 
217

Non-U.S.
11,571

213

21

 
11,763

 
19,629

341

13

 
19,957

Commercial
14,808

205

65

 
14,948

 
22,990

150

243

 
22,897

Total mortgage-backed securities
90,314

2,458

148

 
92,624

 
103,980

2,021

419

 
105,582

U.S. Treasury and government agencies(a)
14,925

66

167

 
14,824

 
11,202


166

 
11,036

Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
28,975

3,146

13

 
32,108

 
31,328

2,245

23

 
33,550

Certificates of deposit
105

1


 
106

 
282

1


 
283

Non-U.S. government debt securities
35,990

1,099

21

 
37,068

 
35,864

853

41

 
36,676

Corporate debt securities
6,457

70

66

 
6,461

 
12,464

142

170

 
12,436

Asset-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Collateralized loan obligations
31,381

46

161

 
31,266

 
31,146

52

191

 
31,007

Other
8,431

52

87

 
8,396

 
9,125

72

100

 
9,097

Total available-for-sale debt securities
216,578

6,938

663

 
222,853

 
235,391

5,386

1,110

 
239,667

Available-for-sale equity securities
1,927

19


 
1,946

 
2,067

20


 
2,087

Total available-for-sale securities
$
218,505

$
6,957

$
663

 
$
224,799

 
$
237,458

$
5,406

$
1,110

 
$
241,754

Held-to-maturity debt securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government agencies(b)
33,508

1,635


 
35,143

 
36,271

852

42

 
37,081

Commercial
5,801

139


 
5,940

 



 

Total mortgage-backed securities
39,309

1,774


 
41,083

 
36,271

852

42

 
37,081

Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
14,502

1,229


 
15,731

 
12,802

708

4

 
13,506

Total held-to-maturity debt securities
53,811

3,003


 
56,814

 
49,073

1,560

46

 
50,587

Total securities
$
272,316

$
9,960

$
663

 
$
281,613

 
$
286,531

$
6,966

$
1,156

 
$
292,341

(a)
Included total U.S. government-sponsored enterprise obligations with fair values of $38.0 billion and $42.3 billion at June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, respectively, which were predominantly mortgage-related.
(b)
Included total U.S. government-sponsored enterprise obligations with amortized cost of $28.5 billion and $30.8 billion at June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, respectively, which were predominantly mortgage-related.


116


Securities impairment
The following tables present the fair value and gross unrealized losses for investment securities by aging category at June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015.
 
Securities with gross unrealized losses
 
Less than 12 months
 
12 months or more
 
 
June 30, 2016 (in millions)
Fair value
Gross unrealized losses
 
Fair value
Gross unrealized losses
Total fair value
Total gross unrealized losses
Available-for-sale debt securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government agencies
$
368

$
17

 
$
570

$
11

$
938

$
28

Residential:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prime and Alt-A
2,153

27

 
13

1

2,166

28

Subprime
2,585

6

 


2,585

6

Non-U.S.
1,296

12

 
703

9

1,999

21

Commercial
4,576

57

 
1,156

8

5,732

65

Total mortgage-backed securities
10,978

119

 
2,442

29

13,420

148

U.S. Treasury and government agencies
11,677

167

 


11,677

167

Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
527

12

 
66

1

593

13

Certificates of deposit



 




Non-U.S. government debt securities
2,379

8

 
561

13

2,940

21

Corporate debt securities
1,119

30

 
732

36

1,851

66

Asset-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Collateralized loan obligations
10,601

32

 
13,744

129

24,345

161

Other
3,562

78

 
310

9

3,872

87

Total available-for-sale debt securities
40,843

446

 
17,855

217

58,698

663

Available-for-sale equity securities


 




Held-to-maturity securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government agencies


 




Commercial


 




Total mortgage-backed securities


 




Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities


 




Total held-to-maturity securities


 




Total securities with gross unrealized losses
$
40,843

$
446

 
$
17,855

$
217

$
58,698

$
663


117


 
Securities with gross unrealized losses
 
Less than 12 months
 
12 months or more
 
 
December 31, 2015 (in millions)
Fair value
Gross unrealized losses
 
Fair value
Gross unrealized losses
Total fair value
Total gross unrealized losses
Available-for-sale debt securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government agencies
$
13,002

$
95

 
$
697

$
11

$
13,699

$
106

Residential:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prime and Alt-A
5,147

51

 
238

6

5,385

57

Subprime


 




Non-U.S.
2,021

12

 
167

1

2,188

13

Commercial
13,779

239

 
658

4

14,437

243

Total mortgage-backed securities
33,949

397

 
1,760

22

35,709

419

U.S. Treasury and government agencies
10,998

166

 


10,998

166

Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
1,676

18

 
205

5

1,881

23

Certificates of deposit


 




Non-U.S. government debt securities
3,267

26

 
367

15

3,634

41

Corporate debt securities
3,198

125

 
848

45

4,046

170

Asset-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Collateralized loan obligations
15,340

67

 
10,692

124

26,032

191

Other
4,284

60

 
1,005

40

5,289

100

Total available-for-sale debt securities
72,712

859

 
14,877

251

87,589

1,110

Available-for-sale equity securities


 




Held-to-maturity debt securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government agencies
3,294

42

 


3,294

42

Commercial


 




Total mortgage-backed securities
3,294

42

 


3,294

42

Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
469

4

 


469

4

Total Held-to-maturity securities
3,763

46

 


3,763

46

Total securities with gross unrealized losses
$
76,475

$
905

 
$
14,877

$
251

$
91,352

$
1,156

Gross unrealized losses
The Firm has recognized unrealized losses on securities it intends to sell as other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”). The Firm does not intend to sell any of the remaining securities with an unrealized loss in AOCI as of June 30, 2016, and it is not likely that the Firm will be required to sell these securities before recovery of their amortized cost basis. Except for the securities for which credit losses have been recognized in income, the Firm believes that the securities with an unrealized loss as of June 30, 2016, are not other-than-temporarily impaired. For additional information on other-than-temporary impairment, see Note 12 of the JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
Securities gains and losses
The following table presents realized gains and losses and OTTI losses from AFS securities that were recognized in income.
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
Realized gains
$
80

$
94

 
$
189

$
185

Realized losses
(27
)
(49
)
 
(79
)
(87
)
OTTI losses
(32
)
(1
)
 
(38
)
(2
)
Net securities gains
$
21

$
44

 
$
72

$
96

 
 
 
 
 
 
OTTI losses
 
 
 
 
 
Credit-related losses recognized in income
$

$

 
$
(1
)
$
(1
)
Securities the Firm intends to sell(a)
(32
)
(1
)
 
(37
)
(1
)
Total OTTI losses recognized in income
$
(32
)
$
(1
)
 
$
(38
)
$
(2
)
(a)
Excludes realized losses on securities sold of $5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 that had been previously reported as an OTTI loss due to the intention to sell the securities.
Changes in the credit loss component of credit-impaired debt securities
The cumulative credit loss component, including any changes therein, of OTTI losses that have been recognized in income related to AFS debt securities that the Firm does not intend to sell was not material as of and during the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2016 and 2015.


118


Contractual maturities and yields
The following table presents the amortized cost and estimated fair value at June 30, 2016, of JPMorgan Chase’s investment securities portfolio by contractual maturity.
By remaining maturity June 30, 2016
(in millions)
Due in one
year or less
Due after one year through five years
Due after five years through 10 years
Due after
10 years(c)
Total
Available-for-sale debt securities
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities(a)
 
 
 
 
 
Amortized cost
$
2,813

$
4,147

$
7,996

$
75,358

$
90,314

Fair value
2,833

4,246

8,239

77,306

92,624

Average yield(b)
2.03
%
2.16
%
3.03
%
3.22
%
3.11
%
U.S. Treasury and government agencies
 
 
 
 
 
Amortized cost
$

$

$
13,598

$
1,327

$
14,925

Fair value


13,554

1,270

14,824

Average yield(b)
%
%
0.76
%
0.52
%
0.74
%
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
 
 
 
 
 
Amortized cost
$
155

$
576

$
1,357

$
26,887

$
28,975

Fair value
158

593

1,452

29,905

32,108

Average yield(b)
4.89
%
3.00
%
5.85
%
6.64
%
6.52
%
Certificates of deposit
 
 
 
 
 
Amortized cost
$
105

$

$

$

$
105

Fair value
106




106

Average yield(b)
1.78
%
%
%
%
1.78
%
Non-U.S. government debt securities
 
 
 
 
 
Amortized cost
$
5,619

$
12,759

$
14,407

$
3,205

$
35,990

Fair value
5,629

13,108

15,022

3,309

37,068

Average yield(b)
3.05
%
1.71
%
0.85
%
0.68
%
1.48
%
Corporate debt securities
 
 
 
 
 
Amortized cost
$
1,906

$
2,806

$
1,597

$
148

$
6,457

Fair value
1,919

2,826

1,573

143

6,461

Average yield(b)
3.15
%
2.59
%
2.92
%
3.24
%
2.85
%
Asset-backed securities
 
 
 
 
 
Amortized cost
$
9

$
689

$
20,443

$
18,671

$
39,812

Fair value
9

696

20,356

18,601

39,662

Average yield(b)
2.70
%
1.10
%
2.10
%
2.04
%
2.06
%
Total available-for-sale debt securities
 
 
 
 
 
Amortized cost
$
10,607

$
20,977

$
59,398

$
125,596

$
216,578

Fair value
10,654

21,469

60,196

130,534

222,853

Average yield(b)
2.81
%
1.93
%
1.73
%
3.68
%
2.93
%
Available-for-sale equity securities
 
 
 
 
 
Amortized cost
$

$

$

$
1,927

$
1,927

Fair value



1,946

1,946

Average yield(b)
%
%
%
0.35
%
0.35
%
Total available-for-sale securities
 
 
 
 
 
Amortized cost
$
10,607

$
20,977

$
59,398

$
127,523

$
218,505

Fair value
10,654

21,469

60,196

132,480

224,799

Average yield(b)
2.81
%
1.93
%
1.73
%
3.63
%
2.91
%
Held-to-maturity debt securities
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities(a)
 
 
 
 
 
Amortized cost
$

$

$

$
39,309

$
39,309

Fair value



41,083

41,083

Average yield(b)
%
%
%
3.32
%
3.32
%
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
 
 
 
 
 
Amortized cost
$

$

$
1,132

$
13,370

$
14,502

Fair value


1,211

14,520

15,731

Average yield(b)
%
%
5.04
%
5.68
%
5.63
%
Total held-to-maturity securities
 
 
 
 
 
Amortized cost
$

$

$
1,132

$
52,679

$
53,811

Fair value


1,211

55,603

56,814

Average yield(b)

%
5.04
%
3.92
%
3.94%

(a)
U.S. government-sponsored enterprises were the only issuers whose securities exceeded 10% of JPMorgan Chase’s total stockholders’ equity at June 30, 2016.
(b)
Average yield is computed using the effective yield of each security owned at the end of the period, weighted based on the amortized cost of each security. The effective yield considers the contractual coupon, amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts, and the effect of related hedging

119


derivatives. Taxable-equivalent amounts are used where applicable. The effective yield excludes unscheduled principal prepayments; and accordingly, actual maturities of securities may differ from their contractual or expected maturities as certain securities may be prepaid.
(c)
Includes securities with no stated maturity. Substantially all of the Firm’s U.S. residential mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations are due in 10 years or more, based on contractual maturity. The estimated weighted-average life, which reflects anticipated future prepayments, is approximately 4 years for agency residential mortgage-backed securities, 2 years for agency residential collateralized mortgage obligations and 3 years for nonagency residential collateralized mortgage obligations.
Note 12 – Securities financing activities
For a discussion of accounting policies relating to securities financing activities, see Note 13 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report. For further information regarding securities borrowed and securities lending agreements for which the fair value option has been elected, see Note 4. For further information regarding assets pledged and collateral received in securities financing agreements, see Note 22.
The table below summarizes the gross and net amounts of the Firm’s securities financing agreements as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015. When the Firm has obtained an appropriate legal opinion with respect to the master netting agreement with a counterparty and where other relevant netting criteria under U.S. GAAP are met, the Firm nets, on the Consolidated balance sheets, the balances outstanding under its securities financing agreements with the same counterparty. In addition, the Firm exchanges securities and/or cash collateral with its counterparties; this collateral also reduces, in the Firm’s view, the economic exposure with the counterparty. Such collateral, along with securities financing balances that do not meet relevant netting criteria under U.S. GAAP, is presented as “Amounts not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets,” and reduces the “Net amounts” presented below, if the Firm has an appropriate legal opinion with respect to the master netting agreement with the counterparty. Where a legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained, the securities financing balances are presented gross in the “Net amounts” below, and related collateral does not reduce the amounts presented.
 
June 30, 2016
(in millions)
Gross amounts
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets
Amounts presented on the Consolidated balance sheets(b)
Amounts not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets(c)
Net amounts(d)
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
Securities purchased under resale agreements
$
423,422

$
(186,271
)
$
237,151

$
(231,324
)
$
5,827

Securities borrowed
103,225


103,225

(74,417
)
28,808

Liabilities


 

 
Securities sold under repurchase agreements
$
339,192

$
(186,271
)
$
152,921

$
(135,783
)
$
17,138

Securities loaned and other(a)
16,505


16,505

(16,253
)
252

 
December 31, 2015
(in millions)
Gross amounts
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets
Amounts presented on the Consolidated balance sheets(b)
Amounts not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets(c)
Net amounts(d)
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
Securities purchased under resale agreements
$
368,148

$
(156,258
)
$
211,890

$
(206,774
)
$
5,116

Securities borrowed
98,721


98,721

(65,081
)
33,640

Liabilities


 

 
Securities sold under repurchase agreements
$
290,044

$
(156,258
)
$
133,786

$
(118,832
)
$
14,954

Securities loaned and other(a)
22,556


22,556

(22,245
)
311

(a)
Includes securities-for-securities lending transactions of $4.6 billion and $4.4 billion at June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, accounted for at fair value, where the Firm is acting as lender. These amounts are presented within other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets.
(b)
Includes securities financing agreements accounted for at fair value. At June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, included securities purchased under resale agreements of $23.3 billion and $23.1 billion, respectively, securities borrowed of zero and $395 million, respectively, and securities sold under agreements to repurchase of $1.7 billion and $3.5 billion, respectively. There were no securities loaned accounted for at fair value in either period.
(c)
In some cases, collateral exchanged with a counterparty exceeds the net asset or liability balance with that counterparty. In such cases, the amounts reported in this column are limited to the related asset or liability with that counterparty.
(d)
Includes securities financing agreements that provide collateral rights, but where an appropriate legal opinion with respect to the master netting agreement has not been either sought or obtained. At June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, included $3.3 billion and $2.3 billion, respectively, of securities purchased under resale agreements; $26.2 billion and $31.3 billion, respectively, of securities borrowed; $14.5 billion and $12.6 billion, respectively, of securities sold under agreements to repurchase; and $93 million and $45 million, respectively, of securities loaned and other.

120


The tables below present as of June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015 the types of financial assets pledged in securities financing agreements and the remaining contractual maturity of the securities financing agreements.
 
Gross liability balance
 
June 30, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
 (in millions)
Securities sold under repurchase agreements
Securities loaned and other(a)
 
Securities sold under repurchase agreements
Securities loaned and other(a)
Mortgage-backed securities
$
21,668

$

 
$
12,790

$

U.S. Treasury and government agencies
175,788

57

 
154,377

5

Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
2,114


 
1,316


Non-U.S. government debt
98,644

2,502

 
80,162

4,426

Corporate debt securities
22,187

72

 
21,286

78

Asset-backed securities
4,212


 
4,394


Equity securities
14,579

13,874

 
15,719

18,047

Total
$
339,192

$
16,505

 
$
290,044

$
22,556

 
Remaining contractual maturity of the agreements
 
Overnight and continuous
 
 
Greater than
90 days
 
June 30, 2016 (in millions)
Up to 30 days
30 – 90 days
Total
Total securities sold under repurchase agreements
$
124,686

$
126,730

$
38,856

$
48,920

$
339,192

Total securities loaned and other(a)
9,339

384

8

6,774

16,505

 
Remaining contractual maturity of the agreements
 
Overnight and continuous
 
 
Greater than
90 days
 
December 31, 2015 (in millions)
Up to 30 days
30 – 90 days
Total
Total securities sold under repurchase agreements
$
114,595

$
100,082

$
29,955

$
45,412

$
290,044

Total securities loaned and other(a)
8,320

708

793

12,735

22,556

(a)
Includes securities-for-securities lending transactions of $4.6 billion and $4.4 billion at June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, accounted for at fair value, where the Firm is acting as lender. These amounts are presented within other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets.
Transfers not qualifying for sale accounting
At June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, the Firm held $5.6 billion and $7.5 billion, respectively, of financial assets for which the rights have been transferred to third parties; however, the transfers did not qualify as a sale in accordance with U.S. GAAP. These transfers have been recognized as collateralized financing transactions. The transferred assets are recorded in trading assets and loans, and the corresponding liabilities are recorded predominantly in other borrowed funds on the Consolidated balance sheets.

121


Note 13 – Loans
Loan accounting framework
The accounting for a loan depends on management’s strategy for the loan, and on whether the loan was credit-impaired at the date of acquisition. The Firm accounts for loans based on the following categories:
Originated or purchased loans held-for-investment (i.e., “retained”), other than PCI loans
Loans held-for-sale
Loans at fair value
PCI loans held-for-investment
 
For a detailed discussion of loans, including accounting policies, see Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report. See Note 4 of this Form 10-Q for further information on the Firm’s elections of fair value accounting under the fair value option. See Note 3 of this Form 10-Q for further information on loans carried at fair value and classified as trading assets.


Loan portfolio
The Firm’s loan portfolio is divided into three portfolio segments, which are the same segments used by the Firm to determine the allowance for loan losses: Consumer, excluding credit card; Credit card; and Wholesale. Within each portfolio segment the Firm monitors and assesses the credit risk in the following classes of loans, based on the risk characteristics of each loan class.
Consumer, excluding
credit card(a)
 
Credit card
 
Wholesale(f)
Residential real estate – excluding PCI
• Home equity(b)
• Residential mortgage(c)
Other consumer loans
• Auto(d)
• Business banking(d)(e)
• Student and other
Residential real estate – PCI
• Home equity
• Prime mortgage
• Subprime mortgage
• Option ARMs
 
• Credit card loans
 
• Commercial and industrial
• Real estate
• Financial institutions
• Government agencies
• Other(g)
(a)
Includes loans held in CCB, prime mortgage and home equity loans held in AM and prime mortgage loans held in Corporate.
(b)
Includes senior and junior lien home equity loans.
(c)
Includes prime (including option ARMs) and subprime loans.
(d)
Includes certain business banking and auto dealer risk-rated loans that apply the wholesale methodology for determining the allowance for loan losses; these loans are managed by CCB, and therefore, for consistency in presentation, are included with the other consumer loan classes.
(e)
Predominantly includes Business Banking loans as well as deposit overdrafts.
(f)
Includes loans held in CIB, CB, AM and Corporate. Excludes prime mortgage and home equity loans held in AM and prime mortgage loans held in Corporate. Classes are internally defined and may not align with regulatory definitions.
(g)
Includes loans to: individuals; SPEs; holding companies; and private education and civic organizations. For more information on exposures to SPEs, see Note 16 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
The following tables summarize the Firm’s loan balances by portfolio segment.
June 30, 2016
Consumer, excluding credit card
Credit card(a)
Wholesale
Total
 
(in millions)
 
Retained
$
361,050

$
131,507

$
374,174

$
866,731

(b) 
Held-for-sale
255

84

3,882

4,221

 
At fair value


1,852

1,852

 
Total
$
361,305

$
131,591

$
379,908

$
872,804

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2015
Consumer, excluding credit card
Credit card(a)
Wholesale
Total
 
(in millions)
 
Retained
$
344,355

$
131,387

$
357,050

$
832,792

(b) 
Held-for-sale
466

76

1,104

1,646

 
At fair value


2,861

2,861

 
Total
$
344,821

$
131,463

$
361,015

$
837,299

 
(a)
Includes accrued interest and fees net of an allowance for the uncollectible portion of accrued interest and fee income.
(b)
Loans (other than PCI loans and those for which the fair value option has been elected) are presented net of unearned income, unamortized discounts and premiums, and net deferred loan costs. These amounts were not material as of June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015.

122


The following tables provide information about the carrying value of retained loans purchased, sold and reclassified to held-for-sale during the periods indicated. These tables exclude loans recorded at fair value. The Firm manages its exposure to credit risk on an ongoing basis. Selling loans is one way that the Firm reduces its credit exposures.


2016
 
2015
Three months ended June 30, (in millions)

Consumer, excluding credit card

Credit card
Wholesale
Total
 
Consumer, excluding credit card
 
Credit card
 
Wholesale
Total
Purchases

$
824

(a)(b) 
$

$
405

$
1,229

 
$
1,114

(a)(b) 
$

 
$
487

$
1,601

Sales

905



2,082

2,987

 
1,207

 

(c) 
3,076

4,283

Retained loans reclassified to held-for-sale

18



127

145

 
1,254

 

 
115

1,369

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2016
 
2015
Six months ended June 30, (in millions)
 
Consumer, excluding credit card
 
Credit card
Wholesale
Total
 
Consumer, excluding credit card
 
Credit card
 
Wholesale
Total
Purchases
 
$
2,089

(a)(b) 
$

$
693

$
2,782

 
$
2,722

(a)(b) 
$

 
$
695

$
3,417

Sales
 
1,665

 

3,746

5,411

 
2,943

 

(c) 
5,525

8,468

Retained loans reclassified to held-for-sale
 
83

 

616

699

 
1,272

 

 
435

1,707

(a)
Purchases predominantly represent the Firm’s voluntary repurchase of certain delinquent loans from loan pools as permitted by Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”) guidelines. The Firm typically elects to repurchase these delinquent loans as it continues to service them and/or manage the foreclosure process in accordance with applicable requirements of Ginnie Mae, the Federal Housing Administration (“FHA”), Rural Housing Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (“RHS”), and/or the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (“VA”).
(b)
Excludes purchases of retained loans sourced through the correspondent origination channel and underwritten in accordance with the Firm’s standards. Such purchases were $8.4 billion and $14.2 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $17.1 billion and $25.4 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
(c)
Prior period amounts have been revised to conform with current period presentation.
The following table provides information about gains and losses, including lower of cost or fair value adjustments, on loan sales by portfolio segment.

Three months ended
June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
Net gains/(losses) on sales of loans (including lower of cost or fair value adjustments)(a)
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer, excluding credit card
$
64

$
86

 
$
117

$
177

Credit card
(4
)
(7
)
 
(4
)
9

Wholesale

5

 
(2
)
(1
)
Total net gains on sales of loans (including lower of cost or fair value adjustments)
$
60

$
84

 
$
111

$
185

(a)
Excludes sales related to loans accounted for at fair value.



123


Consumer, excluding credit card loan portfolio
Consumer loans, excluding credit card loans, consist primarily of residential mortgages, home equity loans and lines of credit, auto loans, business banking loans, and student and other loans, with a focus on serving the prime consumer credit market. The portfolio also includes home equity loans secured by junior liens, prime mortgage loans with an interest-only payment period, and certain payment-option loans that may result in negative amortization.
The table below provides information about retained consumer loans, excluding credit card, by class.
(in millions)
June 30,
2016
December 31,
2015
Residential real estate –
excluding PCI
 
 
Home equity
$
42,371

$
45,559

Residential mortgage
184,704

166,239

Other consumer loans
 
 
Auto
64,056

60,255

Business banking
22,047

21,208

Student and other
9,512

10,096

Residential real estate – PCI
 
 
Home equity
14,000

14,989

Prime mortgage
8,240

8,893

Subprime mortgage
3,089

3,263

Option ARMs
13,031

13,853

Total retained loans
$
361,050

$
344,355

For further information on consumer credit quality indicators, see Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.


124


Residential real estate – excluding PCI loans
The following table provides information by class for residential real estate – excluding retained PCI loans in the consumer, excluding credit card, portfolio segment.
Residential real estate – excluding PCI loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
(in millions, except ratios)
Home equity(g)
 
 
Residential mortgage(g)
 
 
Total residential real estate – excluding PCI
Jun 30,
2016
Dec 31,
2015
 
 
Jun 30,
2016
Dec 31,
2015
 
 
Jun 30,
2016
Dec 31,
2015
Loan delinquency(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current
$
41,234

$
44,299

 
 
$
176,141

$
156,463

 
 
$
217,375

$
200,762

30–149 days past due
613

708

 
 
3,626

4,042

 
 
4,239

4,750

150 or more days past due
524

552

 
 
4,937

5,734

 
 
5,461

6,286

Total retained loans
$
42,371

$
45,559

 
 
$
184,704

$
166,239

 
 
$
227,075

$
211,798

% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans(b)
2.68
%
2.77
%
 
 
0.85
%
1.03
%
 
 
1.19
%
1.40
%
90 or more days past due and government guaranteed(c)
$

$

 
 
$
5,040

$
6,056

 
 
$
5,040

$
6,056

Nonaccrual loans
2,012

2,191

 
 
2,365

2,503

 
 
4,377

4,694

Current estimated LTV ratios(d)(e)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Greater than 125% and refreshed FICO scores:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Equal to or greater than 660
$
100

$
165

 
 
$
58

$
58

 
 
$
158

$
223

Less than 660
22

32

 
 
67

77

 
 
89

109

101% to 125% and refreshed FICO scores:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Equal to or greater than 660
952

1,344

 
 
194

274

 
 
1,146

1,618

Less than 660
303

434

 
 
248

291

 
 
551

725

80% to 100% and refreshed FICO scores:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Equal to or greater than 660
3,718

4,537

 
 
3,879

3,159

 
 
7,597

7,696

Less than 660
1,143

1,409

 
 
858

996

 
 
2,001

2,405

Less than 80% and refreshed FICO scores:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Equal to or greater than 660
28,855

29,648

 
 
161,194

142,241

 
 
190,049

171,889

Less than 660
4,664

4,934

 
 
6,739

6,797

 
 
11,403

11,731

No FICO/LTV available
2,614

3,056

 
 
1,570

1,658

 
 
4,184

4,714

U.S. government-guaranteed


 
 
9,897

10,688

 
 
9,897

10,688

Total retained loans
$
42,371

$
45,559

 
 
$
184,704

$
166,239

 
 
$
227,075

$
211,798

Geographic region
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
California
$
8,287

$
8,945

 
 
$
55,336

$
47,263

 
 
$
63,623

$
56,208

New York
8,639

9,147

 
 
23,370

21,462

 
 
32,009

30,609

Illinois
3,183

3,420

 
 
12,882

11,524

 
 
16,065

14,944

Texas
2,358

2,532

 
 
10,190

9,128

 
 
12,548

11,660

Florida
2,285

2,409

 
 
7,959

7,177

 
 
10,244

9,586

New Jersey
2,413

2,590

 
 
6,179

5,567

 
 
8,592

8,157

Washington
1,341

1,451

 
 
4,871

4,176

 
 
6,212

5,627

Arizona
1,957

2,143

 
 
3,492

3,155

 
 
5,449

5,298

Michigan
1,248

1,350

 
 
2,053

1,945

 
 
3,301

3,295

Ohio
1,523

1,652

 
 
1,356

1,247

 
 
2,879

2,899

All other(f)
9,137

9,920

 
 
57,016

53,595

 
 
66,153

63,515

Total retained loans
$
42,371

$
45,559

 
 
$
184,704

$
166,239

 
 
$
227,075

$
211,798

(a)
Individual delinquency classifications include mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies as follows: current included $2.9 billion and $2.6 billion; 30149 days past due included $2.8 billion and $3.2 billion; and 150 or more days past due included $4.2 billion and $4.9 billion at June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, respectively.
(b)
At June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, Residential mortgage loans excluded mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies of $7.0 billion and $8.1 billion, respectively. These amounts have been excluded from nonaccrual loans based upon the government guarantee.
(c)
These balances, which are 90 days or more past due, were excluded from nonaccrual loans as the loans are guaranteed by U.S government agencies. Typically the principal balance of the loans is insured and interest is guaranteed at a specified reimbursement rate subject to meeting agreed-upon servicing guidelines. At June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, these balances included $2.9 billion and $3.4 billion, respectively, of loans that are no longer accruing interest based on the agreed-upon servicing guidelines. For the remaining balance, interest is being accrued at the guaranteed reimbursement rate. There were no loans not guaranteed by U.S. government agencies that are 90 or more days past due and still accruing at June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015.
(d)
Represents the aggregate unpaid principal balance of loans divided by the estimated current property value. Current property values are estimated, at a minimum, quarterly, based on home valuation models using nationally recognized home price index valuation estimates incorporating actual data to the extent available and forecasted data where actual data is not available. These property values do not represent actual appraised loan level collateral values; as such, the resulting ratios are necessarily imprecise and should be viewed as estimates. Current estimated combined LTV for junior lien home equity loans considers all available lien positions, as well as unused lines, related to the property.
(e)
Refreshed FICO scores represent each borrower’s most recent credit score, which is obtained by the Firm on at least a quarterly basis.
(f)
At June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, included mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies of $9.9 billion and $10.7 billion, respectively.
(g)
Includes residential real estate loans to private banking clients in AM, for which the primary credit quality indicators are the borrower’s financial position and LTV.


125


The following table represents the Firm’s delinquency statistics for junior lien home equity loans and lines as of June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015.
 
 
Total loans
 
Total 30+ day delinquency rate
(in millions, except ratios)
 
Jun 30,
2016
Dec 31,
2015
 
Jun 30,
2016
Dec 31,
2015
 
 
HELOCs:(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Within the revolving period(b)
 
$
13,220

$
17,050

 
1.32
%
1.57
%
Beyond the revolving period
 
12,738

11,252

 
2.92

3.10

HELOANs
 
2,148

2,409

 
2.65

3.03

Total
 
$
28,106

$
30,711

 
2.15
%
2.25
%
(a)
These HELOCs are predominantly revolving loans for a 10-year period, after which time the HELOC converts to a loan with a 20-year amortization period, but also include HELOCs that allow interest-only payments beyond the revolving period.
(b)
The Firm manages the risk of HELOCs during their revolving period by closing or reducing the undrawn line to the extent permitted by law when borrowers are experiencing financial difficulty or when the collateral does not support the loan amount.
 
HELOCs beyond the revolving period and home equity loans HELOANs have higher delinquency rates than do HELOCs within the revolving period. That is primarily because the fully-amortizing payment that is generally required for those products is higher than the minimum payment options available for HELOCs within the revolving period. The higher delinquency rates associated with amortizing HELOCs and HELOANs are factored into the Firm’s allowance for loan losses.


Impaired loans
The table below sets forth information about the Firm’s residential real estate impaired loans, excluding PCI loans. These loans are considered to be impaired as they have been modified in a TDR. All impaired loans are evaluated for an asset-specific allowance as described in Note 15 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.

(in millions)
Home equity
 
Residential mortgage
 
Total residential real estate – excluding PCI
Jun 30,
2016
Dec 31,
2015
 
Jun 30,
2016
Dec 31,
2015
 
Jun 30,
2016
Dec 31,
2015
Impaired loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
With an allowance
$
1,295

$
1,293

 
$
5,001

$
5,243

 
$
6,296

$
6,536

Without an allowance(a)
1,009

1,065

 
1,376

1,447

 
2,385

2,512

Total impaired loans(b)(c)
$
2,304

$
2,358

 
$
6,377

$
6,690

 
$
8,681

$
9,048

Allowance for loan losses related to impaired loans
$
146

$
138

 
$
79

$
108

 
$
225

$
246

Unpaid principal balance of impaired loans(d)
3,870

3,960

 
8,718

9,082

 
12,588

13,042

Impaired loans on nonaccrual status(e)
1,144

1,220

 
1,846

1,957

 
2,990

3,177

(a)
Represents collateral-dependent residential mortgage loans that are charged off to the fair value of the underlying collateral less cost to sell. The Firm reports, in accordance with regulatory guidance, residential real estate loans that have been discharged under Chapter 7 bankruptcy and not reaffirmed by the borrower (“Chapter 7 loans”) as collateral-dependent nonaccrual TDRs, regardless of their delinquency status. At June 30, 2016, Chapter 7 residential real estate loans included approximately 13% of home equity and 16% of residential mortgages that were 30 days or more past due.
(b)
At June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, $3.7 billion and $3.8 billion, respectively, of loans modified subsequent to repurchase from Ginnie Mae in accordance with the standards of the appropriate government agency (i.e., FHA, VA, RHS) are not included in the table above. When such loans perform subsequent to modification in accordance with Ginnie Mae guidelines, they are generally sold back into Ginnie Mae loan pools. Modified loans that do not re-perform become subject to foreclosure.
(c)
Predominantly all residential real estate impaired loans, excluding PCI loans, are in the U.S.
(d)
Represents the contractual amount of principal owed at June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015. The unpaid principal balance differs from the impaired loan balances due to various factors, including charge-offs; net deferred loan fees or costs; and unamortized discounts or premiums on purchased loans.
(e)
As of June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, nonaccrual loans included $2.4 billion and $2.5 billion, respectively, of TDRs for which the borrowers were less than 90 days past due. For additional information about loans modified in a TDR that are on nonaccrual status refer to the Loan accounting framework in Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.

126


The following tables present average impaired loans and the related interest income reported by the Firm.
Three months ended June 30,
Average impaired loans
 
Interest income on
impaired loans(a)
 
Interest income on impaired
loans on a cash basis
(a)
(in millions)
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
Home equity
$
2,340

$
2,371

 
$
32

$
33

 
$
20

$
22

Residential mortgage
6,453

8,153

 
77

90

 
20

23

Total residential real estate – excluding PCI
$
8,793

$
10,524

 
$
109

$
123

 
$
40

$
45

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six months ended June 30,
Average impaired loans
 
Interest income on
impaired loans
(a)
 
Interest income on impaired
loans on a cash basis
(a)
(in millions)
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
Home equity
$
2,350

$
2,382

 
$
63

$
66

 
$
41

$
44

Residential mortgage
6,534

8,512

 
155

186

 
39

46

Total residential real estate – excluding PCI
$
8,884

$
10,894

 
$
218

$
252

 
$
80

$
90

(a)
Generally, interest income on loans modified in TDRs is recognized on a cash basis until such time as the borrower has made a minimum of six payments under the new terms.

Loan modifications
Modifications of residential real estate loans, excluding PCI loans, are generally accounted for and reported as TDRs. There were no additional commitments to lend to borrowers whose residential real estate loans, excluding PCI loans, have been modified in TDRs.
 
The following table presents new TDRs reported by the Firm.
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
Home equity
$
70

$
75

 
$
196

$
147

Residential mortgage
59

73

 
122

155

Total residential real estate – excluding PCI
$
129

$
148

 
$
318

$
302



127


Nature and extent of modifications
The U.S. Treasury’s Making Home Affordable programs, as well as the Firm’s proprietary modification programs, generally provide various concessions to financially troubled borrowers including, but not limited to, interest rate reductions, term or payment extensions and deferral of principal and/or interest payments that would otherwise have been required under the terms of the original agreement.
The following tables provide information about how residential real estate loans, excluding PCI loans, were modified under the above loss mitigation programs during the periods presented. These tables exclude Chapter 7 loans where the sole concession granted is the discharge of debt.
Three months ended June 30,
 
 
Total residential
real estate –
excluding PCI
Home equity
 
Residential mortgage
 
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
Number of loans approved for a trial modification
688

387

 
555

661

 
1,243

1,048

Number of loans permanently modified
949

956

 
979

742

 
1,928

1,698

Concession granted:(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate reduction
80
%
75
%
 
71
%
73
%
 
75
%
74
%
Term or payment extension
84

87

 
90

81

 
87

84

Principal and/or interest deferred
20

26

 
16

25

 
18

26

Principal forgiveness
11

4

 
29

27

 
20

14

Other(b)
1


 
23

9

 
12

4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six months ended June 30,
 
 
Total residential
real estate –
excluding PCI
Home equity
 
Residential mortgage
 
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
Number of loans approved for a trial modification
1,737

897

 
1,135

1,328

 
2,872

2,225

Number of loans permanently modified
2,641

1,726

 
1,711

1,592

 
4,352

3,318

Concession granted:(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate reduction
71
%
76
%
 
72
%
70
%
 
71
%
73
%
Term or payment extension
88

86

 
90

81

 
89

84

Principal and/or interest deferred
18

27

 
19

28

 
18

28

Principal forgiveness
10

5

 
27

29

 
17

16

Other(b)
1


 
21

9

 
9

5

(a)
Represents concessions granted in permanent modifications as a percentage of the number of loans permanently modified. The sum of the percentages exceeds 100% because predominantly all of the modifications include more than one type of concession. A significant portion of trial modifications include interest rate reductions and/or term or payment extensions.
(b)
Represents variable interest rate to fixed interest rate modifications.

128


Financial effects of modifications and redefaults
The following tables provide information about the financial effects of the various concessions granted in modifications of residential real estate loans, excluding PCI, under the above loss mitigation programs and about redefaults of certain loans modified in TDRs for the periods presented. Because the specific types and amounts of concessions offered to borrowers frequently change between the trial modification and the permanent modification, the following tables present only the financial effects of permanent modifications. These tables also exclude Chapter 7 loans where the sole concession granted is the discharge of debt.
Three months ended June 30,
(in millions, except weighted-average data
 and number of loans)
Home equity
 
Residential mortgage
 
Total residential real estate – excluding PCI
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
Weighted-average interest rate of loans with interest rate reductions – before TDR
5.28
%
5.13
%
 
5.67
%
5.66
%
 
5.54
%
5.48
%
Weighted-average interest rate of loans with interest rate reductions – after TDR
2.52

2.49

 
2.98

2.74

 
2.83

2.65

Weighted-average remaining contractual term (in years) of loans with term or payment extensions – before TDR
17

18

 
25

24

 
22

22

Weighted-average remaining contractual term (in years) of loans with term or payment extensions – after TDR
38

33

 
38

37

 
38

35

Charge-offs recognized upon permanent modification
$

$
1

 
$
1

$
3

 
$
1

$
4

Principal deferred
4

7

 
9

14

 
13

21

Principal forgiven
1

1

 
13

14

 
14

15

Balance of loans that redefaulted within one year of permanent modification(a)
$
11

$
5

 
$
26

$
37

 
$
37

$
42

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except weighted-average
data and number of loans)
Home equity
 
Residential mortgage
 
Total residential real estate – excluding PCI
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
Weighted-average interest rate of loans with interest rate reductions – before TDR
5.13
%
5.26
%
 
5.60
%
5.72
%
 
5.40
%
5.58
%
Weighted-average interest rate of loans with interest rate reductions – after TDR
2.46

2.45

 
2.92

2.74

 
2.73

2.65

Weighted-average remaining contractual term (in years) of loans with term or payment extensions – before TDR
18

18

 
25

25

 
22

23

Weighted-average remaining contractual term (in years) of loans with term or payment extensions – after TDR
38

33

 
38

37

 
38

36

Charge-offs recognized upon permanent modification
$
1

$
2

 
$
2

$
5

 
$
3

$
7

Principal deferred
12

13

 
19

32

 
31

45

Principal forgiven
4

2

 
25

33

 
29

35

Balance of loans that redefaulted within one year of permanent modification(a)
$
20

$
9

 
$
48

$
68

 
$
68

$
77

(a)
Represents loans permanently modified in TDRs that experienced a payment default in the periods presented, and for which the payment default occurred within one year of the modification. The dollar amounts presented represent the balance of such loans at the end of the reporting period in which such loans defaulted. For residential real estate loans modified in TDRs, payment default is deemed to occur when the loan becomes two contractual payments past due. In the event that a modified loan redefaults, it is probable that the loan will ultimately be liquidated through foreclosure or another similar type of liquidation transaction. Redefaults of loans modified within the last 12 months may not be representative of ultimate redefault levels.

At June 30, 2016, the weighted-average estimated remaining lives of residential real estate loans, excluding PCI loans, permanently modified in TDRs were 9 years for home equity and 10 years for residential mortgages. The estimated remaining lives of these loans reflect estimated prepayments, both voluntary and involuntary (i.e., foreclosures and other forced liquidations).
 

Active and suspended foreclosure
At June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, the Firm had non-PCI residential real estate loans, excluding those insured by U.S. government agencies, with a carrying value of $1.0 billion and $1.2 billion, respectively, that were not included in REO, but were in the process of active or suspended foreclosure.


129


Other consumer loans
The table below provides information for other consumer retained loan classes, including auto, business banking and student loans.
(in millions, except ratios)
Auto
 
Business banking
 
Student and other
 
Total other consumer
 
Jun 30,
2016
 
Dec 31,
2015
 
Jun 30,
2016
Dec 31,
2015
 
Jun 30,
2016
 
Dec 31,
2015
 
Jun 30,
2016
 
Dec 31,
2015
 
Loan delinquency(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current
$
63,313

 
$
59,442

 
$
21,741

$
20,887

 
$
8,930

 
$
9,405

 
$
93,984

 
$
89,734

 
30–119 days past due
736

 
804

 
182

215

 
363

 
445

 
1,281

 
1,464

 
120 or more days past due
7

 
9

 
124

106

 
219

 
246

 
350

 
361

 
Total retained loans
$
64,056

 
$
60,255

 
$
22,047

$
21,208

 
$
9,512

 
$
10,096

 
$
95,615

 
$
91,559

 
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans
1.16
%
 
1.35
%
 
1.39
%
1.51
%
 
1.30
%
(d) 
1.63
%
(d) 
1.23
%
(d) 
1.42
%
(d) 
90 or more days past due and
still accruing
 (b)
$

 
$

 
$

$

 
$
252

 
$
290

 
$
252

 
$
290

 
Nonaccrual loans
208

 
116

 
290

263

 
210

 
242

 
708

 
621

 
Geographic region
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
California
$
7,785

 
$
7,186

 
$
3,888

$
3,530

 
$
985

 
$
1,051

 
$
12,658

 
$
11,767

 
New York
3,929

 
3,874

 
3,375

3,359

 
1,203

 
1,224

 
8,507

 
8,457

 
Illinois
4,004

 
3,678

 
1,559

1,459

 
633

 
679

 
6,196

 
5,816

 
Texas
6,896

 
6,457

 
2,692

2,622

 
784

 
839

 
10,372

 
9,918

 
Florida
3,286

 
2,843

 
1,015

941

 
482

 
516

 
4,783

 
4,300

 
New Jersey
2,024

 
1,998

 
507

500

 
336

 
366

 
2,867

 
2,864

 
Washington
1,177

 
1,135

 
269

264

 
196

 
212

 
1,642

 
1,611

 
Arizona
2,194

 
2,033

 
1,247

1,205

 
229

 
236

 
3,670

 
3,474

 
Michigan
1,496

 
1,550

 
1,331

1,361

 
386

 
415

 
3,213

 
3,326

 
Ohio
2,293

 
2,340

 
1,385

1,363

 
523

 
559

 
4,201

 
4,262

 
All other
28,972

 
27,161

 
4,779

4,604

 
3,755

 
3,999

 
37,506

 
35,764

 
Total retained loans
$
64,056

 
$
60,255

 
$
22,047

$
21,208

 
$
9,512

 
$
10,096

 
$
95,615

 
$
91,559

 
Loans by risk ratings(c)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noncriticized
$
12,422

 
$
11,277

 
$
16,245

$
15,505

 
NA
 
NA
 
$
28,667

 
$
26,782

 
Criticized performing
150

 
76

 
757

815

 
NA
 
NA
 
907

 
891

 
Criticized nonaccrual
103

 

 
239

210

 
NA
 
NA
 
342

 
210

 
(a)
Student loan delinquency classifications included loans insured by U.S. government agencies under the FFELP as follows: current included $3.6 billion and $3.8 billion; 30-119 days past due included $256 million and $299 million; and 120 or more days past due included $202 million and $227 million at June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, respectively.
(b)
These amounts represent student loans, which are insured by U.S. government agencies under the FFELP. These amounts were accruing as reimbursement of insured amounts is proceeding normally.
(c)
For risk-rated business banking and auto loans, the primary credit quality indicator is the risk rating of the loan, including whether the loans are considered to be criticized and/or nonaccrual.
(d)
June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, excluded loans 30 days or more past due and still accruing, which are insured by U.S. government agencies under the FFELP, of $458 million and $526 million, respectively. These amounts were excluded as reimbursement of insured amounts is proceeding normally.

130


Other consumer impaired loans and loan
modifications
The table below sets forth information about the Firm’s other consumer impaired loans, including risk-rated business banking and auto loans that have been placed on nonaccrual status, and loans that have been modified in TDRs.
(in millions)
June 30,
2016
December 31,
2015
Impaired loans
 
 
With an allowance
$
660

$
527

Without an allowance(a)
29

31

Total impaired loans(b)(c)
$
689

$
558

Allowance for loan losses related to
 impaired loans
$
140

$
118

Unpaid principal balance of impaired loans(d)
801

668

Impaired loans on nonaccrual status
562

449

(a)
When discounted cash flows, collateral value or market price equals or exceeds the recorded investment in the loan, the loan does not require an allowance. This typically occurs when the impaired loans have been partially charged off and/or there have been interest payments received and applied to the loan balance.
(b)
Predominantly all other consumer impaired loans are in the U.S.
(c)
Other consumer average impaired loans were $622 million and $566 million for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $596 million and $576 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The related interest income on impaired loans, including those on a cash basis, was not material for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015.
(d)
Represents the contractual amount of principal owed at June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015. The unpaid principal balance differs from the impaired loan balances due to various factors, including charge-offs; interest payments received and applied to the principal balance; net deferred loan fees or costs; and unamortized discounts or premiums on purchased loans.
 
Loan modifications
Certain other consumer loan modifications are considered to be TDRs as they provide various concessions to borrowers who are experiencing financial difficulty. All of these TDRs are reported as impaired loans in the table above. See Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report for further information on other consumer loans modified in TDRs.
The following table provides information about the Firm’s other consumer loans modified in TDRs. New TDRs were not material for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015.
(in millions)
June 30,
2016
December 31,
2015
Loans modified in TDRs(a)(b)
$
382

$
384

TDRs on nonaccrual status
255

275

(a)
The impact of these modifications was not material to the Firm for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015.
(b)
Additional commitments to lend to borrowers whose loans have been modified in TDRs as of June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, were immaterial.


131


Purchased credit-impaired loans
For a detailed discussion of PCI loans, including the related accounting policies, see Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
Residential real estate – PCI loans
The table below sets forth information about the Firm’s consumer, excluding credit card, PCI loans.

(in millions, except ratios)
Home equity

Prime mortgage

Subprime mortgage

Option ARMs

Total PCI
Jun 30,
2016
Dec 31,
2015

Jun 30,
2016
Dec 31,
2015

Jun 30,
2016
Dec 31,
2015

Jun 30,
2016
Dec 31,
2015

Jun 30,
2016
Dec 31,
2015
Carrying value(a)
$
14,000

$
14,989


$
8,240

$
8,893


$
3,089

$
3,263


$
13,031

$
13,853


$
38,360

$
40,998

Related allowance for loan losses(b)
1,708

1,708


897

985





49

49


2,654

2,742

Loan delinquency (based on unpaid principal balance)
























Current
$
13,500

$
14,387


$
7,374

$
7,894


$
3,145

$
3,232


$
11,782

$
12,370


$
35,801

$
37,883

30–149 days past due
279

322


383

424


387

439


615

711


1,664

1,896

150 or more days past due
543

633


507

601


274

380


1,028

1,272


2,352

2,886

Total loans
$
14,322

$
15,342


$
8,264

$
8,919


$
3,806

$
4,051


$
13,425

$
14,353


$
39,817

$
42,665

% of 30+ days past due to total loans
5.74
%
6.22
%

10.77
%
11.49
%

17.37
%
20.22
%

12.24
%
13.82
%

10.09
%
11.21
%
Current estimated LTV ratios (based on unpaid principal balance)(c)(d)
























Greater than 125% and refreshed FICO scores:
























Equal to or greater than 660
$
100

$
153


$
7

$
10


$
6

$
10


$
15

$
19


$
128

$
192

Less than 660
53

80


18

28


37

55


27

36


135

199

101% to 125% and refreshed FICO scores:
























Equal to or greater than 660
722

942


73

120


52

77


108

166


955

1,305

Less than 660
335

444


108

152


167

220


179

239


789

1,055

80% to 100% and refreshed FICO scores:
























Equal to or greater than 660
2,279

2,709


604

816


269

331


747

977


3,899

4,833

Less than 660
974

1,136


476

614


522

643


813

1,050


2,785

3,443

Lower than 80% and refreshed FICO scores:
























Equal to or greater than 660
6,821

6,724


4,164

4,243


921

863


6,994

7,073


18,900

18,903

Less than 660
2,250

2,265


2,382

2,438


1,644

1,642


3,913

4,065


10,189

10,410

No FICO/LTV available
788

889


432

498


188

210


629

728


2,037

2,325

Total unpaid principal balance
$
14,322

$
15,342


$
8,264

$
8,919


$
3,806

$
4,051


$
13,425

$
14,353


$
39,817

$
42,665

Geographic region (based on unpaid principal balance)
























California
$
8,590

$
9,205


$
4,791

$
5,172


$
952

$
1,005


$
7,620

$
8,108


$
21,953

$
23,490

New York
745

788


538

580


377

400


758

813


2,418

2,581

Illinois
339

358


242

263


185

196


297

333


1,063

1,150

Texas
204

224


86

94


227

243


70

75


587

636

Florida
1,393

1,479


540

586


348

373


1,098

1,183


3,379

3,621

New Jersey
297

310


222

238


129

139


431

470


1,079

1,157

Washington
748

819


180

194


74

81


319

339


1,321

1,433

Arizona
263

281


133

143


72

76


193

203


661

703

Michigan
41

44


131

141


106

113


140

150


418

448

Ohio
15

17


42

45


59

62


54

61


170

185

All other
1,687

1,817


1,359

1,463


1,277

1,363


2,445

2,618


6,768

7,261

Total unpaid principal balance
$
14,322

$
15,342


$
8,264

$
8,919


$
3,806

$
4,051


$
13,425

$
14,353


$
39,817

$
42,665

(a)
Carrying value includes the effect of fair value adjustments that were applied to the consumer PCI portfolio at the date of acquisition.
(b)
Management concluded as part of the Firm’s regular assessment of the PCI loan pools that it was probable that higher expected credit losses would result in a decrease in expected cash flows. As a result, an allowance for loan losses for impairment of these pools has been recognized.
(c)
Represents the aggregate unpaid principal balance of loans divided by the estimated current property value. Current property values are estimated, at a minimum, quarterly, based on home valuation models using nationally recognized home price index valuation estimates incorporating actual data to the extent available and forecasted data where actual data is not available. These property values do not represent actual appraised loan level collateral values; as such, the resulting ratios are necessarily imprecise and should be viewed as estimates. Current estimated combined LTV for junior lien home equity loans considers all available lien positions, as well as unused lines, related to the property.
(d)
Refreshed FICO scores represent each borrower’s most recent credit score, which is obtained by the Firm on at least a quarterly basis.

132


Approximately 23% of the PCI home equity portfolio are senior lien loans; the remaining balance are junior lien HELOANs or HELOCs. The following tables set forth delinquency statistics for PCI junior lien home equity loans and lines of credit based on the unpaid principal balance as of June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015.
 
 
Total loans
 
Total 30+ day delinquency rate
(in millions, except ratios)
 
Jun 30,
2016
Dec 31,
2015
 
Jun 30,
2016
Dec 31,
2015
 
 
HELOCs:(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Within the revolving period(b)
 
$
3,476

$
5,000

 
3.60
%
4.10
%
Beyond the revolving period(c)
 
6,975

6,252

 
3.94

4.46

HELOANs
 
525

582

 
4.76

5.33

Total
 
$
10,976

$
11,834

 
3.87
%
4.35
%
(a)
In general, these HELOCs are revolving loans for a 10-year period, after which time the HELOC converts to an interest-only loan with a balloon payment at the end of the loan’s term.
(b)
Substantially all undrawn HELOCs within the revolving period have been closed.
(c)
Includes loans modified into fixed rate amortizing loans.

The table below sets forth the accretable yield activity for the Firm’s PCI consumer loans for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, and represents the Firm’s estimate of gross interest income expected to be earned over the remaining life of the PCI loan portfolios. The table excludes the cost to fund the PCI portfolios, and therefore the accretable yield does not represent net interest income expected to be earned on these portfolios.
 
Total PCI
(in millions, except ratios)
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
Beginning balance
$
12,674

$
14,034

 
$
13,491

$
14,592

Accretion into interest income
(395
)
(430
)
 
(802
)
(866
)
Changes in interest rates on variable-rate loans
25

12

 
101

18

Other changes in expected cash flows(a)
(3
)
125

 
(489
)
(3
)
Balance at June 30
$
12,301

$
13,741

 
$
12,301

$
13,741

Accretable yield percentage
4.37
%
4.18
%
 
4.36
%
4.16
%
(a)
Other changes in expected cash flows may vary from period to period as the Firm continues to refine its cash flow model and periodically updates model assumptions. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, other changes in expected cash flows were driven by changes in prepayment assumptions.
The factors that most significantly affect estimates of gross cash flows expected to be collected, and accordingly the accretable yield balance, include: (i) changes in the benchmark interest rate indices for variable-rate products such as option ARMs and home equity loans; and (ii) changes in prepayment assumptions.
 
Active and suspended foreclosure
At June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, the Firm had PCI residential real estate loans with an unpaid principal balance of $1.9 billion and $2.3 billion, respectively, that were not included in REO, but were in the process of active or suspended foreclosure.

Credit card loan portfolio
The table below sets forth information about the Firm’s credit card loans.
(in millions, except ratios)
June 30,
2016
December 31,
2015
Loan delinquency
 
 
Current and less than 30 days
past due and still accruing
$
129,664

$
129,502

30–89 days past due and still accruing
926

941

90 or more days past due and still accruing
917

944

Total retained credit card loans
$
131,507

$
131,387

Loan delinquency ratios
 
 
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans
1.40
%
1.43
%
% of 90+ days past due to total retained loans
0.70

0.72

Credit card loans by geographic region
 
 
California
$
18,946

$
18,802

Texas
12,086

11,847

New York
11,323

11,360

Florida
7,823

7,806

Illinois
7,670

7,655

New Jersey
5,847

5,879

Ohio
4,624

4,700

Pennsylvania
4,465

4,533

Michigan
3,504

3,562

Colorado
3,486

3,399

All other
51,733

51,844

Total retained credit card loans
$
131,507

$
131,387

Percentage of portfolio based on carrying value with estimated refreshed FICO scores(a)
 
 
Equal to or greater than 660
85.2
%
84.4
%
Less than 660
13.4

13.1

No FICO available
1.4

2.5

(a)
The current period percentage of portfolio based on carrying value with estimated refreshed FICO scores disclosures have been updated to reflect where the FICO score is unavailable. The prior period amounts have been revised to conform with the current presentation.
Credit card impaired loans and loan modifications
For a detailed discussion of impaired credit card loans, including credit card loan modifications, see Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.


133


The table below sets forth information about the Firm’s impaired credit card loans. All of these loans are considered to be impaired as they have been modified in TDRs.
(in millions)
June 30,
2016
December 31,
2015
Impaired credit card loans with an allowance(a)(b)
 
 
Credit card loans with modified payment terms(c)
$
1,156

$
1,286

Modified credit card loans that have reverted to pre-modification payment terms(d)
151

179

Total impaired credit card loans(e)
$
1,307

$
1,465

Allowance for loan losses related to impaired credit card loans
$
361

$
460

(a)
The carrying value and the unpaid principal balance are the same for credit card impaired loans.
(b)
There were no impaired loans without an allowance.
(c)
Represents credit card loans outstanding to borrowers enrolled in a credit card modification program as of the date presented.
(d)
Represents credit card loans that were modified in TDRs but that have subsequently reverted back to the loans’ pre-modification payment terms.
At June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, $96 million and $113 million, respectively, of loans have reverted back to the pre-modification payment terms of the loans due to noncompliance with the terms of the modified loans. The remaining $55 million and $66 million at June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, respectively, of these loans are to borrowers who have successfully completed a short-term modification program. The Firm continues to report these loans as TDRs since the borrowers’ credit lines remain closed.
(e)
Predominantly all impaired credit card loans are in the U.S.
The following table presents average balances of impaired credit card loans and interest income recognized on those loans.
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
Average impaired credit card loans
$
1,345

$
1,769

 
$
1,390

$
1,854

Interest income on impaired credit card loans
16

21

 
33

44

Loan modifications
The Firm may modify loans to credit card borrowers who are experiencing financial difficulty. Most of these loans have been modified under programs that involve placing the customer on a fixed payment plan with a reduced interest rate, generally for 60 months. All of these credit card loan modifications are considered to be TDRs. New enrollments in these loan modification programs were $141 million and $151 million, for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $300 million and $329 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. For additional information about credit card loan modifications, see Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
 
Financial effects of modifications and redefaults
The following table provides information about the financial effects of the concessions granted on credit card loans modified in TDRs and redefaults for the periods presented.
(in millions, except
weighted-average data)
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
Weighted-average interest rate of loans – before TDR
15.61
%
15.15
%
 
15.54
%
15.16
%
Weighted-average interest rate of loans – after TDR
4.85

4.27

 
4.82

4.28

Loans that redefaulted within one year of modification(a)
$
18

$
20

 
$
37

$
42

(a)
Represents loans modified in TDRs that experienced a payment default in the periods presented, and for which the payment default occurred within one year of the modification. The amounts presented represent the balance of such loans as of the end of the quarter in which they defaulted.
For credit card loans modified in TDRs, payment default is deemed to have occurred when the loans become two payments past due. A substantial portion of these loans is expected to be charged-off in accordance with the Firm’s standard charge-off policy. Based on historical experience, the estimated weighted-average default rate for modified credit card loans was expected to be 27.62% and 25.61% as of June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, respectively.


134


Wholesale loan portfolio
Wholesale loans include loans made to a variety of customers, ranging from large corporate and institutional clients to high-net-worth individuals. The primary credit quality indicator for wholesale loans is the risk rating
 
assigned to each loan. For further information on these risk ratings, see Note 14 and Note 15 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015
Annual Report.

The table below provides information by class of receivable for the retained loans in the Wholesale portfolio segment.
 
Commercial
 and industrial
 
Real estate
 
Financial
institutions
Government agencies
 
Other(d)
Total
retained loans
(in millions,
 except ratios)
Jun 30,
2016
Dec 31,
2015
 
Jun 30,
2016
Dec 31,
2015
 
Jun 30,
2016
Dec 31,
2015
Jun 30,
2016
Dec 31,
2015
 
Jun 30,
2016
Dec 31,
2015
Jun 30,
2016
Dec 31,
2015
Loans by risk ratings
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment-grade
$
64,981

$
62,150

 
$
80,968

$
74,330

 
$
23,869

$
21,786

$
14,032

$
11,363

 
$
96,234

$
98,107

$
280,084

$
267,736

Noninvestment-grade:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noncriticized
46,665

45,632

 
17,202

17,008

 
6,662

7,667

465

256

 
12,663

11,390

83,657

81,953

Criticized performing
7,024

4,542

 
837

1,251

 
292

320

6

7

 
181

253

8,340

6,373

Criticized nonaccrual
1,662

608

 
223

231

 
17

10



 
191

139

2,093

988

Total noninvestment-
grade
55,351

50,782

 
18,262

18,490

 
6,971

7,997

471

263

 
13,035

11,782

94,090

89,314

Total retained loans
$
120,332

$
112,932

 
$
99,230

$
92,820

 
$
30,840

$
29,783

$
14,503

$
11,626

 
$
109,269

$
109,889

$
374,174

$
357,050

% of total criticized exposure to
total retained loans
7.22
%
4.56
%
 
1.07
%
1.60
%
 
1.00
%
1.11
%
0.04
%
0.06
%
 
0.34
%
0.36
%
2.79
%
2.06
%
% of criticized nonaccrual
to total retained loans
1.38

0.54

 
0.22

0.25

 
0.06

0.03



 
0.17

0.13

0.56

0.28

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans by geographic
distribution(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total non-U.S.
$
32,659

$
30,063

 
$
3,152

$
3,003

 
$
16,741

$
17,166

$
4,302

$
1,788

 
$
42,262

$
42,031

$
99,116

$
94,051

Total U.S.
87,673

82,869

 
96,078

89,817

 
14,099

12,617

10,201

9,838

 
67,007

67,858

275,058

262,999

Total retained loans
$
120,332

$
112,932

 
$
99,230

$
92,820

 
$
30,840

$
29,783

$
14,503

$
11,626

 
$
109,269

$
109,889

$
374,174

$
357,050

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loan delinquency(b)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current and less than
30 days past due and still accruing
$
118,447

$
112,058

 
$
98,947

$
92,381

 
$
30,727

$
29,713

$
14,484

$
11,565

 
$
108,152

$
108,734

$
370,757

$
354,451

30–89 days past due
and still accruing
165

259

 
56

193

 
80

49

15

55

 
904

988

1,220

1,544

90 or more days
past due and
still accruing(c)
58

7

 
4

15

 
16

11

4

6

 
22

28

104

67

Criticized nonaccrual
1,662

608

 
223

231

 
17

10



 
191

139

2,093

988

Total retained loans
$
120,332

$
112,932

 
$
99,230

$
92,820

 
$
30,840

$
29,783

$
14,503

$
11,626

 
$
109,269

$
109,889

$
374,174

$
357,050

(a)
The U.S. and non-U.S. distribution is determined based predominantly on the domicile of the borrower.
(b)
The credit quality of wholesale loans is assessed primarily through ongoing review and monitoring of an obligor’s ability to meet contractual obligations rather than relying on the past due status, which is generally a lagging indicator of credit quality. For further discussion, see Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
(c)
Represents loans that are considered well-collateralized and therefore still accruing interest.
(d)
Other includes: individuals; SPEs; holding companies; and private education and civic organizations. For more information on exposures to SPEs, see Note 16 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.


135


The following table presents additional information on the real estate class of loans within the Wholesale portfolio segment for the periods indicated. For further information on real estate loans, see Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.

(in millions, except ratios)
Multifamily
 
Commercial lessors
 
Commercial construction and development
 
Other
 
Total real estate loans
Jun 30,
2016
Dec 31,
2015
 
Jun 30,
2016
Dec 31,
2015
 
Jun 30,
2016
Dec 31,
2015
 
Jun 30,
2016
Dec 31,
2015
 
Jun 30,
2016
Dec 31,
2015
Real estate retained loans
$
62,396

$
60,290

 
$
23,900

$
20,062

 
$
5,205

$
4,920

 
$
7,729

$
7,548

 
$
99,230

$
92,820

Criticized exposure
514

520

 
483

844

 
55

43

 
8

75

 
1,060

1,482

% of total criticized exposure to
total real estate retained loans
0.82
%
0.86
%
 
2.02
%
4.21
%
 
1.06
%
0.87
%
 
0.10
%
0.99
%
 
1.07
%
1.60
%
Criticized nonaccrual
$
117

$
85

 
$
106

$
100

 
$

$
1

 
$

$
45

 
$
223

$
231

% of criticized nonaccrual loans to total real estate retained loans
0.19
%
0.14
%
 
0.44
%
0.50
%
 
%
0.02
%
 
%
0.60
%
 
0.22
%
0.25
%

Wholesale impaired loans and loan modifications
Wholesale impaired loans consist of loans that have been placed on nonaccrual status and/or that have been modified in a TDR. All impaired loans are evaluated for an asset-specific allowance as described in Note 15 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
The table below sets forth information about the Firm’s wholesale impaired loans.

(in millions)
Commercial
and industrial
 
Real estate
 
Financial
institutions
 
Government
 agencies
 
Other
 
Total
retained loans
 
Jun 30,
2016
Dec 31,
2015
 
Jun 30,
2016
Dec 31,
2015
 
Jun 30,
2016
Dec 31,
2015
 
Jun 30,
2016
Dec 31,
2015
 
Jun 30,
2016
Dec 31,
2015
 
Jun 30,
2016
 
Dec 31,
2015
 
Impaired loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
With an allowance
$
1,423

$
522

 
$
150

$
148

 
$
17

$
10

 
$

$

 
$
58

$
46

 
$
1,648

 
$
726

 
Without an allowance(a)
278

98

 
89

106

 


 


 
134

94

 
501

 
298

 
Total impaired loans
$
1,701

$
620

 
$
239

$
254

 
$
17

$
10

 
$

$

 
$
192

$
140

 
$
2,149

(c) 
$
1,024

(c) 
Allowance for loan losses related to impaired loans
$
468

$
220

 
$
25

$
27

 
$
4

$
3

 
$

$

 
$
28

$
24

 
$
525

 
$
274

 
Unpaid principal balance of impaired loans(b)
1,942

669

 
340

363

 
20

13

 


 
208

164

 
2,510

 
1,209

 
(a)
When the discounted cash flows, collateral value or market price equals or exceeds the recorded investment in the loan, the loan does not require an allowance. This typically occurs when the impaired loans have been partially charged-off and/or there have been interest payments received and applied to the loan balance.
(b)
Represents the contractual amount of principal owed at June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015. The unpaid principal balance differs from the impaired loan balances due to various factors, including charge-offs; interest payments received and applied to the carrying value; net deferred loan fees or costs; and unamortized discount or premiums on purchased loans.
(c)
Based upon the domicile of the borrower, largely consists of loans in the U.S.
The following table presents the Firm’s average impaired loans for the periods indicated.
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
Commercial and industrial
$
1,704

$
355

 
$
1,413

$
303

Real estate
235

242

 
234

255

Financial institutions
11

15

 
11

15

Government agencies

1

 

1

Other
194

114

 
189

111

Total(a)
$
2,144

$
727

 
$
1,847

$
685

(a)
The related interest income on accruing impaired loans and interest income recognized on a cash basis were not material for the three and six months
 
ended June 30, 2016 and 2015.
Certain loan modifications are considered to be TDRs as they provide various concessions to borrowers who are experiencing financial difficulty. All TDRs are reported as impaired loans in the tables above. TDRs were $355 million and $208 million as of June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, respectively.



136


Note 14 – Allowance for credit losses
For detailed discussion of the allowance for credit losses and the related accounting policies, see Note 15 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
Allowance for credit losses and related information
The table below summarizes information about the allowances for loan losses and lending-related commitments, and includes a breakdown of loans and lending-related commitments by impairment methodology.
 
2016
 
2015
Six months ended June 30, (in millions)
Consumer, excluding credit card
Credit card
 
Wholesale
Total
 
Consumer, excluding credit card
Credit card
 
Wholesale
Total
Allowance for loan losses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance at January 1,
$
5,806

$
3,434

 
$
4,315

$
13,555

 
7,050

$
3,439

 
$
3,696

$
14,185

Gross charge-offs
688

1,874

 
228

2,790

 
827

1,776

 
33

2,636

Gross recoveries
(301
)
(184
)
 
(14
)
(499
)
 
(337
)
(187
)
 
(53
)
(577
)
Net charge-offs/(recoveries)
387

1,690

 
214

2,291

 
490

1,589

 
(20
)
2,059

Write-offs of PCI loans(a)
88


 

88

 
110


 

110

Provision for loan losses
316

1,940

 
796

3,052

 
42

1,589

 
265

1,896

Other
(1
)

 

(1
)
 

(5
)
 
8

3

Ending balance at June 30,
$
5,646

$
3,684

 
$
4,897

$
14,227

 
$
6,492

$
3,434

 
$
3,989

$
13,915

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for loan losses by impairment methodology
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset-specific(b)
$
365

$
361

(c) 
$
525

$
1,251

 
$
436

$
518

(c) 
$
147

$
1,101

Formula-based
2,627

3,323

 
4,372

10,322

 
2,841

2,916

 
3,842

9,599

PCI
2,654


 

2,654

 
3,215


 

3,215

Total allowance for loan losses
$
5,646

$
3,684

 
$
4,897

$
14,227

 
$
6,492

$
3,434

 
$
3,989

$
13,915

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans by impairment methodology
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset-specific
$
9,370

$
1,307

 
$
2,149

$
12,826

 
$
9,960

$
1,685

 
$
908

$
12,553

Formula-based
313,320

130,200

 
372,021

815,541

 
263,015

123,020

 
337,307

723,342

PCI
38,360


 
4

38,364

 
43,806


 
4

43,810

Total retained loans
$
361,050

$
131,507

 
$
374,174

$
866,731

 
$
316,781

$
124,705

 
$
338,219

$
779,705

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Impaired collateral-dependent loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net charge-offs
$
43

$

 
$
5

$
48

 
$
33

$

 
$
2

$
35

Loans measured at fair value of collateral less cost to sell
2,431


 
295

2,726

 
2,695


 
307

3,002

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for lending-related commitments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance at January 1,
$
14

$

 
$
772

$
786

 
$
13

$

 
$
609

$
622

Provision for lending-related commitments


 
174

174

 
2


 
(4
)
(2
)
Ending balance at June 30,
$
14

$

 
$
946

$
960

 
$
15

$

 
$
605

$
620

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for lending-related commitments by impairment methodology
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset-specific
$

$

 
$
143

$
143

 
$

$

 
$
55

$
55

Formula-based
14


 
803

817

 
15


 
550

565

Total allowance for lending-related commitments
$
14

$

 
$
946

$
960

 
$
15

$

 
$
605

$
620

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lending-related commitments by impairment methodology
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset-specific
$

$

 
$
460

$
460

 
$

$

 
$
133

$
133

Formula-based
59,224

539,105

 
356,685

955,014

 
59,817

523,717

 
351,915

935,449

Total lending-related commitments
$
59,224

$
539,105

 
$
357,145

$
955,474

 
$
59,817

$
523,717

 
$
352,048

$
935,582

(a)
Write-offs of PCI loans are recorded against the allowance for loan losses when actual losses for a pool exceed estimated losses that were recorded as purchase accounting adjustments at the time of acquisition. A write-off of a PCI loan is recognized when the underlying loan is removed from a pool (e.g., upon liquidation).
(b)
Includes risk-rated loans that have been placed on nonaccrual status and loans that have been modified in a TDR.
(c)
The asset-specific credit card allowance for loan losses is related to loans that have been modified in a TDR; such allowance is calculated based on the loans’ original contractual interest rates and does not consider any incremental penalty rates.

137


Note 15 – Variable interest entities
For a further description of JPMorgan Chase’s accounting policies regarding consolidation of VIEs, see Note 1 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
The following table summarizes the most significant types of Firm-sponsored VIEs by business segment.
Line-of-Business
Transaction Type
Activity
Form 10-Q page reference
CCB
Credit card securitization trusts
Securitization of both originated and purchased credit card receivables
138
 
Mortgage securitization trusts
Servicing and securitization of both originated and purchased residential mortgages
138140
CIB
Mortgage and other securitization trusts
Securitization of both originated and purchased residential and commercial mortgages, and student loans
138140
 
Multi-seller conduits
Investor intermediation activities:
Assist clients in accessing the financial markets in a cost-efficient manner and structures transactions to meet investor needs
140
 
Municipal bond vehicles
 
140–141
The Firm also invests in and provides financing and other services to VIEs sponsored by third parties, as described on page 141 of this Note.
Significant Firm-sponsored variable interest entities
Credit card securitizations
For a more detailed discussion of JPMorgan Chase’s involvement with credit card securitizations, see Note 16 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
As a result of the Firm’s continuing involvement, the Firm is considered to be the primary beneficiary of its Firm-sponsored credit card securitization trusts, including its primary vehicle, the Chase Issuance Trust. See the table on page 142 of this Note for further information on consolidated VIE assets and liabilities.
 
Firm-sponsored mortgage and other securitization trusts
The Firm securitizes (or has securitized) originated and purchased residential mortgages, commercial mortgages and other consumer loans (including student loans) primarily in its CCB and CIB businesses. Depending on the particular transaction, as well as the respective business involved, the Firm may act as the servicer of the loans and/or retain certain beneficial interests in the securitization trusts.
For a detailed discussion of the Firm’s involvement with Firm-sponsored mortgage and other securitization trusts, as well as the accounting treatment relating to such trusts, see Note 16 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.


138


The following table presents the total unpaid principal amount of assets held in Firm-sponsored private-label securitization entities, including those in which the Firm has continuing involvement, and those that are consolidated by the Firm. Continuing involvement includes servicing the loans; holding senior interests or subordinated interests; recourse or guarantee arrangements; and derivative transactions. In certain instances, the Firm’s only continuing involvement is servicing the loans. See Securitization activity on page 143 of this Note for further information regarding the Firm’s cash flows with and interests retained in nonconsolidated VIEs, and page 143 of this Note for information on the Firm’s loan sales to U.S. government agencies.
 
Principal amount outstanding
 
JPMorgan Chase interest in securitized assets in nonconsolidated VIEs(c)(d)(e)
June 30, 2016 (in millions)
Total assets held by securitization VIEs
Assets
held in consolidated securitization VIEs
Assets held in nonconsolidated securitization VIEs with continuing involvement
 
Trading assets
AFS securities
Total interests held by JPMorgan
Chase
Securitization-related(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prime/Alt-A and option ARMs
$
80,751

$
2,988

$
61,235

 
$
142

$
1,455

$
1,597

Subprime
22,990

5

21,230

 
69


69

Commercial and other(b)
112,384

107

76,159

 
958

2,958

3,916

Total
$
216,125

$
3,100

$
158,624

 
$
1,169

$
4,413

$
5,582

 
Principal amount outstanding
 
JPMorgan Chase interest in securitized assets in nonconsolidated VIEs(c)(d)(e)
December 31, 2015 (in millions)
Total assets held by securitization VIEs
Assets
held in consolidated securitization VIEs
Assets held in nonconsolidated securitization VIEs with continuing involvement
 
Trading assets
AFS securities
Total interests held by
JPMorgan
Chase
Securitization-related(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prime/Alt-A and option ARMs
$
85,687

$
1,400

$
66,708

 
$
394

$
1,619

$
2,013

Subprime
24,389

64

22,549

 
109


109

Commercial and other(b)
123,474

107

80,319

 
447

3,451

3,898

Total
$
233,550

$
1,571

$
169,576

 
$
950

$
5,070

$
6,020

(a)
Excludes U.S. government agency securitizations. See page 143 of this Note for information on the Firm’s loan sales to U.S. government agencies.
(b)
Consists of securities backed by commercial loans (predominantly real estate) and non-mortgage-related consumer receivables purchased from third parties. The Firm generally does not retain a residual interest in its sponsored commercial mortgage securitization transactions.
(c)
Excludes the following: retained servicing (see Note 16 for a discussion of MSRs); securities retained from loan sales to U.S. government agencies; interest rate and foreign exchange derivatives primarily used to manage interest rate and foreign exchange risks of securitization entities (See Note 5 for further information on derivatives); senior and subordinated securities of $142 million and $9 million, respectively, at June 30, 2016, and $163 million and $73 million, respectively, at December 31, 2015, which the Firm purchased in connection with CIB’s secondary market-making activities.
(d)
Includes interests held in re-securitization transactions.
(e)
As of June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, 54% and 76%, respectively, of the Firm’s retained securitization interests, which are carried at fair value, were risk-rated “A” or better, on an S&P-equivalent basis. The retained interests in prime residential mortgages consisted of $1.5 billion and $1.9 billion of investment-grade and $51 million and $93 million of noninvestment-grade retained interests at June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, respectively. The retained interests in commercial and other securitizations trusts consisted of $3.7 billion and $3.7 billion of investment-grade and $235 million and $198 million of noninvestment-grade retained interests at June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, respectively.

139


Residential mortgage
For a more detailed description of the Firm’s involvement with residential mortgage securitizations, see Note 16 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
At June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, the Firm did not consolidate the assets of certain Firm-sponsored residential mortgage securitization VIEs, in which the Firm had continuing involvement, primarily due to the fact that the Firm did not hold an interest in these trusts that could potentially be significant to the trusts. See the table on page 142 of this Note for more information on the consolidated residential mortgage securitizations, and the table on the previous page of this Note for further information on interests held in nonconsolidated residential mortgage securitizations.
Commercial mortgages and other consumer securitizations
CIB originates and securitizes commercial mortgage loans, and engages in underwriting and trading activities involving the securities issued by securitization trusts. For a more detailed description of the Firm’s involvement with commercial mortgage and other consumer securitizations, see Note 16 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report. See the table on page 142 of this Note for more information on the consolidated commercial mortgage securitizations, and the table on the previous page of this Note for further information on interests held in nonconsolidated securitizations.
Re-securitizations
For a more detailed description of JPMorgan Chase’s
participation in certain re-securitization transactions, see Note 16 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
During the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, the Firm transferred $3.5 billion and $6.3 billion, respectively, of securities to agency VIEs, and $144 million and $255 million, respectively, of securities to private-label VIEs.
During the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, the Firm transferred $6.4 billion and $10.2 billion, respectively, of securities to agency VIEs, and $144 million and $727 million, respectively, of securities to private-label VIEs.
As of June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, total assets (including the notional amount of interest-only securities) of nonconsolidated Firm-sponsored private-label re-securitization entities in which the Firm has continuing involvement were $2.4 billion and $2.2 billion, respectively. At June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, the Firm held approximately $2.5 billion and $4.6 billion, respectively, of interests in nonconsolidated agency re-securitization entities. The Firm’s exposure to non-consolidated private-label re-securitization entities as of June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015 was not material. As of June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, the Firm did not consolidate any agency re-securitizations. As of June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, the Firm consolidated an insignificant amount of assets and liabilities of Firm-sponsored private-label re-securitizations.
 
Multi-seller conduits
For a more detailed description of JPMorgan Chase’s principal involvement with Firm-administered multi-seller conduits, see Note 16 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
In the normal course of business, JPMorgan Chase makes markets in and invests in commercial paper issued by the Firm-administered multi-seller conduits. The Firm held $19.1 billion and $15.7 billion of the commercial paper issued by the Firm-administered multi-seller conduits at June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, respectively. The Firm’s investments reflect the Firm’s funding needs and capacity and were not driven by market illiquidity. The Firm is not obligated under any agreement to purchase the commercial paper issued by the Firm-administered multi-seller conduits.
Deal-specific liquidity facilities, program-wide liquidity and credit enhancement provided by the Firm have been eliminated in consolidation. The Firm or the Firm-administered multi-seller conduits provide lending-related commitments to certain clients of the Firm-administered multi-seller conduits. The unfunded portion of these commitments was $9.0 billion and $5.6 billion at June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, and are reported as off-balance sheet lending-related commitments. For more information on off-balance sheet lending-related commitments, see Note 21.
VIEs associated with investor intermediation activities
Municipal bond vehicles
For a more detailed description of JPMorgan Chase’s principal involvement with municipal bond vehicles, see Note 16 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.


140


The Firm’s exposure to nonconsolidated municipal bond VIEs at June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, including the ratings profile of the VIEs’ assets, was as follows.
(in millions)
Fair value of assets held by VIEs
Liquidity facilities
Excess/(deficit)(a)
Maximum exposure
Nonconsolidated municipal bond vehicles
 
 
 
 
June 30, 2016
$
3,566

$
1,973

$
1,593

$
1,973

December 31, 2015
6,937

3,794

3,143

3,794


 
Ratings profile of VIE assets(b)
Fair value of assets held by VIEs
Wt. avg. expected life of assets (years)
 
Investment-grade
 
 
(in millions, except where otherwise noted)
AAA to AAA-
AA+ to AA-
A+ to A-
BBB+ to BBB-
 
Unrated(c)
June 30, 2016
$
970

$
2,286

$
153

$
24

 
$
133

$
3,566

3.9
December 31, 2015
1,743

4,631

448

24

 
91

6,937

4.0
(a)
Represents the excess of the fair values of municipal bond assets available to repay the liquidity facilities, if drawn.
(b)
The ratings scale is presented on an S&P-equivalent basis.
(c)
These security positions have been defeased by the municipality and no longer carry credit ratings, but are backed by high quality assets such as U.S. treasuries and cash.

VIEs sponsored by third parties
The Firm enters into transactions with VIEs structured by other parties. These include, for example, acting as a derivative counterparty, liquidity provider, investor, underwriter, placement agent, remarketing agent, trustee or custodian. These transactions are conducted at arm’s-length, and individual credit decisions are based on the analysis of the specific VIE, taking into consideration the quality of the underlying assets. Where the Firm does not have the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance, or a variable interest that could potentially be significant, the Firm records and reports these positions on its Consolidated balance sheets in the same manner it would record and report positions in respect of any other third-party transaction.


141


Consolidated VIE assets and liabilities
The following table presents information on assets and liabilities related to VIEs consolidated by the Firm as of June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015.
 
Assets
 
Liabilities
June 30, 2016 (in millions)
Trading assets
Loans
Other(c) 
Total
assets(d)
 
Beneficial interests in
VIE assets(e)
Other(f)
Total
liabilities
VIE program type(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Firm-sponsored credit card trusts
$

$
40,438

$
705

$
41,143

 
$
28,955

$
15

$
28,970

Firm-administered multi-seller conduits
8

24,282

43

24,333

 
5,357

28

5,385

Municipal bond vehicles
3,422


12

3,434

 
3,348

2

3,350

Mortgage securitization entities(b)
635

2,365

80

3,080

 
728

590

1,318

Student loan securitization entities

1,803

60

1,863

 
1,641

5

1,646

Other
196


2,646

2,842

 
198

110

308

Total
$
4,261

$
68,888

$
3,546

$
76,695

 
$
40,227

$
750

$
40,977

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
Liabilities
December 31, 2015 (in millions)
Trading assets
Loans
Other(c) 
Total
assets(d)
 
Beneficial interests in
VIE assets(e)
Other(f)
Total
liabilities
VIE program type(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Firm-sponsored credit card trusts
$

$
47,358

$
718

$
48,076

 
$
27,906

$
15

$
27,921

Firm-administered multi-seller conduits

24,388

37

24,425

 
8,724

19

8,743

Municipal bond vehicles
2,686


5

2,691

 
2,597

1

2,598

Mortgage securitization entities(b)
840

1,433

27

2,300

 
777

643

1,420

Student loan securitization entities

1,925

62

1,987

 
1,760

5

1,765

Other
210


1,916

2,126

 
115

126

241

Total
$
3,736

$
75,104

$
2,765

$
81,605

 
$
41,879

$
809

$
42,688

(a)
Excludes intercompany transactions which were eliminated in consolidation.
(b)
Includes residential and commercial mortgage securitizations as well as re-securitizations.
(c)
Includes assets classified as cash, AFS securities, and other assets on the Consolidated balance sheets.
(d)
The assets of the consolidated VIEs included in the program types above are used to settle the liabilities of those entities. The difference between total assets and total liabilities recognized for consolidated VIEs represents the Firm’s interest in the consolidated VIEs for each program type.
(e)
The interest-bearing beneficial interest liabilities issued by consolidated VIEs are classified in the line item on the Consolidated balance sheets titled, “Beneficial interests issued by consolidated variable interest entities.” The holders of these beneficial interests do not have recourse to the general credit of JPMorgan Chase. Included in beneficial interests in VIE assets are long-term beneficial interests of $31.5 billion and $30.6 billion at June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, respectively. The maturities of the long-term beneficial interests as of June 30, 2016, were as follows: $9.3 billion under one year, $19.1 billion between one and five years, and $3.1 billion over five years.
(f)
Includes liabilities classified as accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets.
Loan securitizations
The Firm has securitized and sold a variety of loans, including residential mortgage, credit card, student and commercial (primarily related to real estate) loans. For a further description of the Firm’s accounting policies regarding securitizations, see Note 16 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.


142


Securitization activity
The following table provides information related to the Firm’s securitization activities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, related to assets held in JPMorgan Chase-sponsored securitization entities that were not consolidated by the Firm, and where sale accounting was achieved based on the accounting rules in effect at the time of the securitization.
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
(in millions)
Residential mortgage(d)
Commercial and other(e)
 
Residential mortgage(d)
Commercial and other(e)
 
Residential mortgage(d)
Commercial and other(e)
 
Residential mortgage(d)
Commercial and other(e)
Principal securitized
$
413

$
1,034

 
$
380

$
2,676

 
$
413

$
2,358

 
$
1,692

$
6,051

All cash flows during the period:(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from new securitizations(b)
$
413

$
1,062

 
$
385

$
2,689

 
$
413

$
2,373

 
$
1,702

$
6,058

Servicing fees collected
111

1

 
134

1

 
223

1

 
280

2

Purchases of previously transferred financial assets (or the underlying collateral)(c)


 
1


 
37


 
1


Cash flows received on interests
111

307

 
116

128

 
205

580

 
186

207

(a)
Excludes re-securitization transactions.
(b)
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, $413 million and $413 million, respectively, of proceeds from residential mortgage securitizations were received as securities classified in level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, $1.1 billion and $2.4 billion, respectively, of proceeds from commercial mortgage securitizations were received as securities classified in level 2 and $2 million proceeds classified as level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, $385 million and $1.7 billion of proceeds from residential mortgage securitizations were received as securities classified in level 2 and no proceeds classified as level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2015, $2.7 billion and $6.0 billion, respectively, of proceeds from commercial mortgage securitizations were received as securities classified in level 2 and $38 million of proceeds classified as level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, and no proceeds from commercial mortgage securitization were received as cash. All loans transferred into securitization vehicles during the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, were classified as trading assets; and changes in fair value were recorded in principal transactions revenue. The Firm elected the fair value option for loans pending securitization. The carrying value of these loans accounted for at fair value approximated the proceeds received from securitization.
(c)
Includes cash paid by the Firm to reacquire assets from off–balance sheet, nonconsolidated entities – for example, loan repurchases due to representation and warranties and servicer clean-up calls.
(d)
Includes prime, Alt-A, subprime, and option ARMs. Excludes certain loan securitization transactions entered into with Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
(e)
Includes commercial mortgage and student loan securitizations.
Loans and excess MSRs sold to U.S. government-sponsored enterprises , loans in securitization transactions pursuant to Ginnie Mae guidelines, and other third-party-sponsored securitization entities
In addition to the amounts reported in the securitization activity tables above, the Firm, in the normal course of business, sells originated and purchased mortgage loans and certain originated excess MSRs on a nonrecourse basis, predominantly to U.S. government-sponsored enterprises (“U.S. GSEs”). These loans and excess MSRs are sold primarily for the purpose of securitization by the U.S. GSEs, who provide certain guarantee provisions (e.g., credit enhancement of the loans). The Firm also sells loans into securitization transactions pursuant to Ginnie Mae guidelines; these loans are typically insured or guaranteed by another U.S. government agency. The Firm does not consolidate the securitization vehicles underlying these transactions as it is not the primary beneficiary. For a limited number of loan sales, the Firm is obligated to share a portion of the credit risk associated with the sold loans with the purchaser. See Note 21 of this Form 10-Q, and Note 29 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report for additional information about the Firm’s loan sales- and securitization-related indemnifications. See Note 16 for additional information about the impact of the Firm’s sale of
 
certain excess MSRs. The following table summarizes the activities related to loans sold to the U.S. GSEs, loans in securitization transactions pursuant to Ginnie Mae guidelines, and other third-party-sponsored securitization entities.
 
Three months
ended June 30,
 
Six months
ended June 30,
(in millions)
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
Carrying value of loans sold
$
8,824

$
10,660

 
$
17,836

$
22,799

Proceeds received from loan sales as cash
234

48

 
238

99

Proceeds received from loans sales as securities(a)
8,548

10,559

 
17,503

22,588

Total proceeds received from loan sales(b)
$
8,782

$
10,607

 
$
17,741

$
22,687

Gains on loan sales(c)
$
64

$
86

 
$
114

$
177

(a)
Predominantly includes securities from U.S. GSEs and Ginnie Mae that are generally sold shortly after receipt.
(b)
Excludes the value of MSRs retained upon the sale of loans. Gains on loan sales include the value of MSRs.
(c)
The carrying value of the loans accounted for at fair value approximated the proceeds received upon loan sale.


143


Options to repurchase delinquent loans
In addition to the Firm’s obligation to repurchase certain loans due to material breaches of representations and warranties as discussed in Note 21, the Firm also has the option to repurchase delinquent loans that it services for Ginnie Mae loan pools, as well as for other U.S. government agencies under certain arrangements. The Firm typically elects to repurchase delinquent loans from Ginnie Mae loan pools as it continues to service them and/or manage the foreclosure process in accordance with the applicable requirements, and such loans continue to be insured or guaranteed. When the Firm’s repurchase option becomes exercisable, such loans must be reported on the Consolidated balance sheets as a loan with a corresponding
 
liability. As of June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, the Firm had recorded on its Consolidated balance sheets $10.2 billion and $11.1 billion, respectively, of loans that either had been repurchased or for which the Firm had an option to repurchase. Predominantly all of these amounts relate to loans that have been repurchased from Ginnie Mae loan pools. Additionally, real estate owned resulting from voluntary repurchases of loans was $355 million and $343 million as of June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, respectively. Substantially all of these loans and real estate owned are insured or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies. For additional information, refer to Note 13 of this Form 10-Q and Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.


Loan delinquencies and liquidation losses
The table below includes information about components of nonconsolidated securitized financial assets, in which the Firm has continuing involvement, and delinquencies as of June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015.
 
 
 
 
 
Liquidation losses
 
 
 
 
Securitized assets
 
90 days past due
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
Jun 30,
2016
Dec 31,
2015
 
Jun 30,
2016
Dec 31,
2015
 
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
Securitized loans(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prime / Alt-A & option ARMs
$
61,235

$
66,708

 
$
7,055

$
8,325

 
$
318

$
454

 
$
658

$
916

Subprime
21,230

22,549

 
4,853

5,448

 
296

371

 
618

725

Commercial and other
76,159

80,319

 
1,172

1,808

 
93

40

 
486

139

Total loans securitized
$
158,624

$
169,576

 
$
13,080

$
15,581

 
$
707

$
865

 
$
1,762

$
1,780

(a)
Total assets held in securitization-related SPEs were $216.1 billion and $233.6 billion, respectively, at June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015. The $158.6 billion and $169.6 billion, respectively, of loans securitized at June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, excluded: $54.4 billion and $62.4 billion, respectively, of securitized loans in which the Firm has no continuing involvement, and $3.1 billion and $1.6 billion, respectively, of loan securitizations consolidated on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets at June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015.


144


Note 16 – Goodwill and other intangible assets
For a discussion of the accounting policies related to goodwill and other intangible assets, see Note 17 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
The following table presents goodwill attributed to the business segments.
(in millions)
June 30,
2016
December 31,
2015
Consumer & Community Banking
$
30,808

$
30,769

Corporate & Investment Bank
6,774

6,772

Commercial Banking
2,861

2,861

Asset Management
6,860

6,923

Total goodwill
$
47,303

$
47,325

The following table presents changes in the carrying amount of goodwill.
 
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Balance at beginning
of period
$
47,310

 
$
47,453

 
$
47,325

 
$
47,647

Changes during the period from:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Business combinations

 
9

 

 
17

Dispositions(a)

 

 
(71
)

(101
)
Other(b)
(7
)
 
14

 
49

 
(87
)
Balance at June 30,
$
47,303

 
$
47,476

 
$
47,303

 
$
47,476

(a)
During the six months ended June 30, 2016, represents AM goodwill, which was disposed of as part of AM sales completed in March 2016. During the six months ended June 30, 2015, represents Private Equity goodwill, which was disposed of as part of a Private Equity sale completed in January 2015.
(b)
Includes foreign currency translation adjustments and other tax-related adjustments.
 
Goodwill Impairment testing
For further description of the Firm’s goodwill impairment testing process, including the primary method used to estimate the fair value of the reporting units, and the assumptions used in the goodwill impairment test, see Impairment testing on pages 274–275 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
Goodwill was not impaired at June 30, 2016, or December 31, 2015, nor was goodwill written off due to impairment during the six months ended June 30, 2016 or 2015.
Declines in business performance, increases in credit losses, increases in equity capital requirements, as well as deterioration in economic or market conditions, adverse estimates of the impact of regulatory or legislative changes or increases in the estimated market cost of equity, could cause the estimated fair values of the Firm’s reporting units or their associated goodwill to decline in the future, which could result in a material impairment charge to earnings in a future period related to some portion of the associated goodwill.


145


Mortgage servicing rights
MSRs represent the fair value of expected future cash flows for performing servicing activities for others. The fair value considers estimated future servicing fees and ancillary revenue, offset by estimated costs to service the loans, and generally declines over time as net servicing cash flows are received, effectively amortizing the MSR asset against contractual servicing and ancillary fee income. MSRs are either purchased from third parties or recognized upon sale or securitization of mortgage loans if servicing is retained. For a further description of the MSR asset, interest rate risk management, and the valuation of MSRs, see Note 17 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report and Note 3 of this Form 10-Q.
The following table summarizes MSR activity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015.
 
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,
 
As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
 
(in millions, except where otherwise noted)
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
 
Fair value at beginning of period
$
5,658

 
$
6,641

 
$
6,608

 
$
7,436

 
MSR activity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Originations of MSRs
113

 
145

 
220

 
300

 
Purchase of MSRs

 
438

 

 
439

 
Disposition of MSRs(a)
(3
)
 
(218
)
 
(67
)
 
(375
)
 
Net additions
110

 
365

 
153

 
364

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Changes due to collection/realization of expected cash flows
(239
)
 
(229
)
 
(480
)
 
(444
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Changes in valuation due to inputs and assumptions:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Changes due to market interest rates and other(b)
(433
)
 
816

 
(1,195
)
 
339

 
Changes in valuation due to other inputs and assumptions:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Projected cash flows (e.g., cost to service)
(14
)
 
(17
)
 
(7
)
 
(27
)
 
Discount rates

 

 
7

 
(10
)
 
Prepayment model changes and other(c)
(10
)
 
(5
)
 
(14
)
 
(87
)
 
Total changes in valuation due to other inputs and assumptions
(24
)
 
(22
)
 
(14
)
 
(124
)
 
Total changes in valuation due to inputs and assumptions
(457
)
 
794

 
(1,209
)
 
215

 
Fair value at June 30,
$
5,072

 
$
7,571

 
$
5,072

 
$
7,571

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) included in income related to MSRs held at June 30,
$
(457
)
 
$
794

 
$
(1,209
)
 
$
215

 
Contractual service fees, late fees and other ancillary fees included in income
$
545

 
$
644

 
$
1,106

 
$
1,311

 
Third-party mortgage loans serviced at June 30, (in billions)
$
632

 
$
727

 
$
632

 
$
727

 
Net servicer advances at June 30, (in billions)(d)
$
5.6

 
$
7.1

 
$
5.6

 
$
7.1

 
(a)
For the six months ended June 30, 2016, predominantly represents excess MSRs transferred to agency-sponsored trusts in exchange for stripped mortgage-backed securities (“SMBS”). In each transaction, a portion of the SMBS was acquired by third parties at the transaction date; the Firm acquired and has retained the remaining balance of those SMBS as trading securities. Also includes sales of MSRs for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015.
(b)
Represents both the impact of changes in estimated future prepayments due to changes in market interest rates, and the difference between actual and expected prepayments.
(c)
Represents changes in prepayments other than those attributable to changes in market interest rates.
(d)
Represents amounts the Firm pays as the servicer (e.g., scheduled principal and interest, taxes and insurance), which will generally be reimbursed within a short period of time after the advance from future cash flows from the trust or the underlying loans. The Firm’s credit risk associated with these servicer advances is minimal because reimbursement of the advances is typically senior to all cash payments to investors. In addition, the Firm maintains the right to stop payment to investors if the collateral is insufficient to cover the advance. However, certain of these servicer advances may not be recoverable if they were not made in accordance with applicable rules and agreements.

146


The following table presents the components of mortgage fees and related income (including the impact of MSR risk management activities) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015.
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
CCB mortgage fees and related income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net production revenue
 
$
261

 
$
233

 
$
423

 
$
470

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net mortgage servicing revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loan servicing revenue
 
593

 
707

 
1,209

 
1,456

Changes in MSR asset fair value due to collection/realization of expected cash flows
 
(238
)
 
(228
)
 
(478
)
 
(442
)
Total operating revenue
 
355

 
479

 
731

 
1,014

Risk management:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Changes in MSR asset fair value due to market interest rates and other(a)
 
(433
)
 
815

 
(1,195
)
 
339

Other changes in MSR asset fair value due to other inputs and assumptions in model(b)
 
(24
)
 
(22
)
 
(14
)
 
(124
)
Change in derivative fair value and other
 
530

 
(723
)
 
1,411

 
(213
)
Total risk management
 
73

 
70

 
202

 
2

Total net mortgage servicing revenue
 
428

 
549

 
933

 
1,016

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total CCB mortgage fees and related income
 
689

 
782

 
1,356

 
1,486

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
All other
 

 
1

 

 
2

Mortgage fees and related income
 
$
689

 
$
783

 
$
1,356

 
$
1,488

(a)
Represents both the impact of changes in estimated future prepayments due to changes in market interest rates, and the difference between actual and expected prepayments.
(b)
Represents the aggregate impact of changes in model inputs and assumptions such as projected cash flows (e.g., cost to service), discount rates and changes in prepayments other than those attributable to changes in market interest rates (e.g., changes in prepayments due to changes in home prices).
The table below outlines the key economic assumptions used to determine the fair value of the Firm’s MSRs at June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, and outlines the sensitivities of those fair values to immediate adverse changes in those assumptions, as defined below.
(in millions, except rates)
Jun 30,
2016
 
Dec 31,
2015
Weighted-average prepayment speed assumption (“CPR”)
13.97
%
 
9.81
%
Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change
$
(275
)
 
$
(275
)
Impact on fair value of 20% adverse change
(526
)
 
(529
)
Weighted-average option adjusted spread
10.15
%
 
9.54
%
Impact on fair value of a 100 basis point adverse change
$
(183
)
 
$
(258
)
Impact on fair value of a 200 basis point adverse change
(353
)
 
(498
)
CPR: Constant prepayment rate.
 
The sensitivity analysis in the preceding table is hypothetical and should be used with caution. Changes in fair value based on variation in assumptions generally cannot be easily extrapolated, because the relationship of the change in the assumptions to the change in fair value are often highly interrelated and may not be linear. In this table, the effect that a change in a particular assumption may have on the fair value is calculated without changing any other assumption. In reality, changes in one factor may result in changes in another, which could either magnify or counteract the impact of the initial change.



147


Note 17 – Deposits
For further discussion on deposits, see Note 19 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
At June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, noninterest-bearing and interest-bearing deposits were as follows.
(in millions)
June 30,
2016
 
December 31, 2015
U.S. offices
 
 
 
Noninterest-bearing
$
393,294

 
$
392,721

Interest-bearing (included $10,973 and $10,916 at fair value)(a) 
695,763

 
663,004

Total deposits in U.S. offices
1,089,057

 
1,055,725

Non-U.S. offices
 
 
 
Noninterest-bearing
20,980

 
18,921

Interest-bearing (included $1,319 and $1,600 at fair value)(a)
220,921

 
205,069

Total deposits in non-U.S. offices
241,901

 
223,990

Total deposits
$
1,330,958

 
$
1,279,715

(a)
Includes structured notes classified as deposits for which the fair value option has been elected. For further discussion, see Note 4 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.

 
Note 18 – Earnings per share
For a discussion of the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”), see Note 24 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report. The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted EPS for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015.
(in millions, except per share amounts)
Three months ended
June 30,
 
Six months ended
June 30,
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
Basic earnings per share
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
$
6,200

$
6,290

 
$
11,720

$
12,204

Less: Preferred stock dividends
411

380

 
823

704

Net income applicable to common equity
5,789

5,910

 
10,897

11,500

Less: Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities
123

134

 
241

272

Net income applicable to common stockholders
$
5,666

$
5,776

 
$
10,656

$
11,228

 
 
 
 
 
 
Total weighted-average basic shares outstanding
3,635.8

3,707.8

 
3,652.9

3,716.6

Net income per share
$
1.56

$
1.56

 
$
2.92

$
3.02

 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted earnings per share
 
 
 
 
 
Net income applicable to common stockholders
$
5,666

$
5,776

 
$
10,656

$
11,228

Total weighted-average basic shares outstanding
3,635.8

3,707.8

 
3,652.9

3,716.6

Add: Employee stock options, SARs, warrants and PSUs
30.7

35.8

 
28.8

33.9

Total weighted-average diluted shares outstanding(a)
3,666.5

3,743.6

 
3,681.7

3,750.5

Net income per share
$
1.55

$
1.54

 
$
2.89

$
2.99

(a)
Participating securities were included in the calculation of diluted EPS using the two-class method, as this computation was more dilutive than the calculation using the treasury stock method.



148


Note 19 – Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
AOCI includes the after-tax change in unrealized gains and losses on investment securities, foreign currency translation adjustments (including the impact of related derivatives), cash flow hedging activities, net loss and prior service costs/(credit) related to the Firm’s defined benefit pension and OPEB plans, and DVA on fair value option elected liabilities.
Effective January 1, 2016, the Firm adopted new accounting guidance related to the recognition and measurement of financial liabilities where the fair value option has been elected. This guidance requires the portion of the total change in fair value caused by changes in the Firm’s own credit risk (DVA) to be presented separately in other comprehensive income; previously these amounts were recognized in net income. The guidance was required to be applied as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption by means of a cumulative effect adjustment to the Consolidated balance sheets, which resulted in a reclassification from retained earnings to accumulated other comprehensive income.
 
As of or for the three months ended
June 30, 2016
(in millions)
Unrealized
gains/(losses)
on investment securities(a)
 
Translation adjustments, net of hedges
 
Cash flow hedges
 
Defined benefit
pension and
OPEB plans
DVA on fair value option elected liabilities
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
 
 
Balance at April 1, 2016
 
$
3,054

 
 
 
$
(164
)
 
 
 
$
(114
)
 
 
 
$
(2,206
)
 
 
$
212

 
 
$
782

 
 
Net change
 
867

 
 
 
3

 
 
 
(87
)
 
 
 
56

 
 
(3
)
 
 
836

 
 
Balance at June 30, 2016
 
$
3,921

 
 
 
$
(161
)
 
 
 
$
(201
)
 
 
 
$
(2,150
)
 
 
$
209

 
 
$
1,618

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of or for the three months ended
June 30, 2015
(in millions)
Unrealized
gains/(losses)
on investment securities(a)
 
Translation adjustments, net of hedges
 
Cash flow hedges
 
Defined benefit pension and
OPEB plans
DVA on fair value option elected liabilities
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
 
 
Balance at April 1, 2015
 
$
4,862

 
 
 
$
(157
)
 
 
 
$
(18
)
 
 
 
$
(2,257
)
 
 
NA

 
 
$
2,430

 
 
Net change
 
(1,419
)
 
 
 
3

 
 
 
80

 
 
 
8

 
 
NA

 
 
(1,328
)
 
 
Balance at June 30, 2015
 
$
3,443

 
 
 
$
(154
)
 
 
 
$
62

 
 
 
$
(2,249
)
 
 
NA

 
 
$
1,102

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of or for the six months ended
June 30, 2016
(in millions)
Unrealized
gains/(losses)
on investment securities
(a)
 
Translation adjustments, net of hedges
 
Cash flow hedges
 
Defined benefit
pension and
OPEB plans
DVA on fair value option elected liabilities
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
 
 
Balance at January 1, 2016
 
$
2,629

 
 
 
$
(162
)
 
 
 
$
(44
)
 
 
 
$
(2,231
)
 
 
NA

 
 
$
192

 
 
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle
 

 
 
 

 
 
 

 
 
 

 
 
154

 
 
154

 
 
Net change
 
1,292

 
 
 
1

 
 
 
(157
)
 
 
 
81

 
 
55

 
 
1,272

 
 
Balance at June 30, 2016
 
$
3,921

 
 
 
$
(161
)
 
 
 
$
(201
)
 
 
 
$
(2,150
)
 
 
$
209

 
 
$
1,618

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of or for the six months ended
June 30, 2015
(in millions)
Unrealized
gains/(losses)
on investment securities
(a)
 
Translation adjustments, net of hedges
 
Cash flow hedges
 
Defined benefit pension and
OPEB plans
DVA on fair value option elected liabilities
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
 
 
Balance at January 1, 2015
 
$
4,773

 
 
 
$
(147
)
 
 
 
$
(95
)
 
 
 
$
(2,342
)
 
 
NA

 
 
$
2,189

 
 
Net change
 
(1,330
)
 
 
 
(7
)
 
 
 
157

 
 
 
93

 
 
NA

 
 
(1,087
)
 
 
Balance at June 30, 2015
 
$
3,443

 
 
 
$
(154
)
 
 
 
$
62

 
 
 
$
(2,249
)
 
 
NA

 
 
$
1,102

 
(a)
Represents the after-tax difference between the fair value and amortized cost of securities accounted for as AFS, including net unamortized unrealized gains and losses related to AFS securities transferred to HTM.


149


The following table presents the pre-tax and after-tax changes in the components of other comprehensive income/(loss).
 
2016
 
2015
Three months ended June 30, (in millions)
Pre-tax
 
Tax effect
 
After-tax
 
Pre-tax
 
Tax effect
 
After-tax
Unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period
$
1,408

 
$
(528
)
 
$
880

 
$
(2,343
)
 
$
952

 
$
(1,391
)
Reclassification adjustment for realized (gains)/losses included in
net income(a)
(21
)
 
8

 
(13
)
 
(44
)
 
16

 
(28
)
Net change
1,387

 
(520
)
 
867

 
(2,387
)
 
968

 
(1,419
)
Translation adjustments(b):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Translation
(10
)
 
4

 
(6
)
 
267

 
(117
)
 
150

Hedges
17

 
(8
)
 
9

 
(250
)
 
103

 
(147
)
Net change
7

 
(4
)
 
3

 
17

 
(14
)
 
3

Cash flow hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period
(187
)
 
70

 
(117
)
 
120

 
(46
)
 
74

Reclassification adjustment for realized (gains)/losses included in
net income(c)
48

 
(18
)
 
30

 
7

 
(1
)
 
6

Net change
(139
)
 
52

 
(87
)
 
127

 
(47
)
 
80

Defined benefit pension and OPEB plans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net gains/(losses) arising during the period
8

 
(3
)
 
5

 
41

 
(15
)
 
26

Reclassification adjustments included in net income(e):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amortization of net loss
64

 
(25
)
 
39

 
70

 
(26
)
 
44

Prior service costs/(credits)
(9
)
 
3

 
(6
)
 
(9
)
 
4

 
(5
)
Foreign exchange and other
28

 
(10
)
 
18

 
(33
)
 
(24
)
 
(57
)
Net change
91

 
(35
)
 
56

 
69

 
(61
)
 
8

DVA on fair value option elected liabilities, net change:
(4
)
 
1

 
(3
)
 
NA

 
NA

 
NA

Total other comprehensive income/(loss)
$
1,342

 
$
(506
)
 
$
836

 
$
(2,174
)
 
$
846

 
$
(1,328
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2016
 
2015
Six months ended June 30, (in millions)
Pre-tax
 
Tax effect
 
After-tax
 
Pre-tax
 
Tax effect
 
After-tax
Unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period
$
2,140

 
$
(803
)
 
$
1,337

 
$
(2,118
)
 
$
848

 
$
(1,270
)
Reclassification adjustment for realized (gains)/losses included in
net income
(a)
(72
)
 
27

 
(45
)
 
(96
)
 
36

 
(60
)
Net change
2,068

 
(776
)
 
1,292

 
(2,214
)
 
884

 
(1,330
)
Translation adjustments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Translation(b)
579

 
(216
)
 
363

 
(733
)
 
261

 
(472
)
Hedges(b)
(573
)
 
211

 
(362
)
 
743

 
(278
)
 
465

Net change
6

 
(5
)
 
1

 
10

 
(17
)
 
(7
)
Cash flow hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period
(354
)
 
133

 
(221
)
 
71

 
(28
)
 
43

Reclassification adjustment for realized (gains)/losses included in
net income
(c)(d)
103

 
(39
)
 
64

 
182

 
(68
)
 
114

Net change
(251
)
 
94

 
(157
)
 
253

 
(96
)
 
157

Defined benefit pension and OPEB plans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net gains/(losses) arising during the period
(15
)
 
6

 
(9
)
 
101

 
(39
)
 
62

Reclassification adjustments included in net income(e):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amortization of net loss
128

 
(49
)
 
79

 
141

 
(53
)
 
88

Prior service costs/(credits)
(18
)
 
7

 
(11
)
 
(18
)
 
7

 
(11
)
Foreign exchange and other
34

 
(12
)
 
22

 

 
(46
)
 
(46
)
Net change
129

 
(48
)
 
81

 
224

 
(131
)
 
93

DVA on fair value option elected liabilities, net change:
$
88

 
$
(33
)
 
55

 
NA

 
NA

 
NA

Total other comprehensive income/(loss)
$
2,040

 
$
(768
)
 
$
1,272

 
$
(1,727
)
 
$
640

 
$
(1,087
)
(a)
The pre-tax amount is reported in securities gains in the Consolidated statements of income.
(b)
Reclassifications of pre-tax realized gains/(losses) on translation adjustments and related hedges are reported in other income/expense in the Consolidated statements of income. The amounts were not material for the periods presented.
(c)
The pre-tax amounts are predominantly recorded in net interest income in the Consolidated statements of income.
(d)
In 2015, the Firm reclassified approximately $150 million of net losses from AOCI to other income because the Firm determined that it is probable that the forecasted interest payment cash flows will not occur. For additional information, see Note 5.
(e)
The pre-tax amount is reported in compensation expense in the Consolidated statements of income.

150


Note 20 – Regulatory capital
The Federal Reserve establishes capital requirements, including well-capitalized standards, for the consolidated financial holding company. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”) establishes similar capital requirements and standards for the Firm’s national banks, including JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Chase Bank USA, N.A.
The Basel Committee’s most recent capital framework (“Basel III”) for large and internationally active U.S. bank holding companies and banks, including the Firm and its IDI subsidiaries, revised, among other things, the definition of capital and introduced a new CET1 capital requirement; presents two comprehensive methodologies for calculating RWA, a general (Standardized) approach, (“Basel III Standardized”) and an advanced approach, (“Basel III Advanced”); and sets out minimum capital ratios and overall capital adequacy standards. Certain of the requirements of Basel III are subject to phase-in periods that began on January 1, 2014 and continue through the end of 2018 (“Basel III Transitional”).
There are three categories of risk-based capital under the Basel III Transitional rules: CET1 capital, as well as Tier 1 capital and Tier 2 capital. CET1 capital predominantly includes common stockholders’ equity (including capital for AOCI related to debt and equity securities classified as AFS as well as for defined benefit pension and OPEB plans), less certain deductions for goodwill, MSRs and deferred tax assets that arise from net operating loss (“NOL”) and tax credit carryforwards. Tier 1 capital predominantly consists of CET1 capital as well as perpetual preferred stock. Tier 2 capital includes long-term debt qualifying as Tier 2 and qualifying allowance for credit losses. Total capital is Tier 1 capital plus Tier 2 capital.
 
The following tables present the regulatory capital, assets and risk-based capital ratios for JPMorgan Chase and its significant national bank subsidiaries under both Basel III Standardized Transitional and Basel III Advanced Transitional.
 
JPMorgan Chase & Co.(e)
 
Basel III Standardized Transitional
 
Basel III Advanced Transitional
(in millions, except ratios)
Jun 30,
2016
 
Dec 31,
2015
 
Jun 30,
2016
 
Dec 31,
2015
Regulatory capital
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CET1 capital
$
179,593

 
$
175,398

 
$
179,593

 
$
175,398

Tier 1 capital(a)
204,390

 
200,482

 
204,390

 
200,482

Total capital
238,999

 
234,413

 
227,865

 
224,616

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Risk-weighted
1,469,430

 
1,465,262

 
1,497,509

 
1,485,336

Adjusted
 average(b)
2,391,819

 
2,358,471

 
2,391,819

 
2,358,471

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Capital ratios(c)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CET1
12.2
%
 
12.0
%
 
12.0
%
 
11.8
%
Tier 1(a)
13.9

 
13.7

 
13.6

 
13.5

Total
16.3

 
16.0

 
15.2

 
15.1

Tier 1 leverage(d)
8.5

 
8.5

 
8.5

 
8.5

 
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.(e) 
 
Basel III Standardized Transitional
 
Basel III Advanced Transitional
(in millions, except ratios)
Jun 30,
2016
 
Dec 31,
2015
 
Jun 30,
2016
 
Dec 31,
2015
Regulatory capital
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CET1 capital
$
173,841

 
$
168,857

 
$
173,841

 
$
168,857

Tier 1 capital(a)
174,090

 
169,222

 
174,090

 
169,222

Total capital
188,827

 
183,262

 
181,145

 
176,423

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Risk-weighted
1,314,446

 
1,264,056

 
1,292,153

 
1,249,607

Adjusted
average
(b)
1,992,814

 
1,910,934

 
1,992,814

 
1,910,934

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Capital ratios(c)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CET1
13.2
%
 
13.4
%
 
13.5
%
 
13.5
%
Tier 1(a)
13.2

 
13.4

 
13.5

 
13.5

Total
14.4

 
14.5

 
14.0

 
14.1

Tier 1 leverage(d)
8.7

 
8.9

 
8.7

 
8.9



151


 
Chase Bank USA, N.A.(e)
 
Basel III Standardized Transitional
 
Basel III Advanced Transitional
(in millions,
 except ratios)
Jun 30,
2016
 
Dec 31,
2015
 
Jun 30,
2016
 
Dec 31,
2015
Regulatory capital
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CET1 capital
$
16,457

 
$
15,419

 
$
16,457

 
$
15,419

Tier 1 capital(a)
16,457

 
15,419

 
16,457

 
15,419

Total capital
22,420

 
21,418

 
21,107

 
20,069

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Risk-weighted
103,322

 
105,807

 
180,737

 
181,775

Adjusted
average
(b)
132,916

 
134,152

 
132,916

 
134,152

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Capital ratios(c)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CET1
15.9
%
 
14.6
%
 
9.1
%
 
8.5
%
Tier 1(a)
15.9

 
14.6

 
9.1

 
8.5

Total
21.7

 
20.2

 
11.7

 
11.0

Tier 1 leverage(d)
12.4

 
11.5

 
12.4

 
11.5

(a)
Includes the deduction associated with the permissible holdings of covered funds (as defined by the Volcker Rule) acquired after December 31, 2013 which was not material as of June 30, 2016.
(b)
Adjusted average assets, for purposes of calculating the Tier 1 leverage ratio, includes total quarterly average assets adjusted for unrealized gains/(losses) on AFS securities, less deductions for goodwill and other intangible assets, defined benefit pension plan assets, and deferred tax assets related to NOL and tax credit carryforwards.
(c)
For each of the risk-based capital ratios, the capital adequacy of the Firm and its national bank subsidiaries is evaluated against the Basel III approach, Standardized or Advanced, which results in the lower ratio (the “Collins Floor”), as required by the Collins Amendment of the Dodd-Frank Act.
(d)
The Tier 1 leverage ratio is not a risk-based measure of capital. This ratio is calculated by dividing Tier 1 capital by adjusted average assets.
(e)
Asset and capital amounts for JPMorgan Chase’s banking subsidiaries reflect intercompany transactions; whereas the respective amounts for JPMorgan Chase reflect the elimination of intercompany transactions.
Note: Rating agencies allow measures of capital to be adjusted upward for deferred tax liabilities, which have resulted from both nontaxable business combinations and from tax-deductible goodwill. The Firm had deferred tax liabilities resulting from nontaxable business combinations totaling $94 million and $105 million at June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, respectively; and deferred tax liabilities resulting from tax-deductible goodwill of $3.1 billion and $3.0 billion at June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, respectively.
 
Under the risk-based capital guidelines of the Federal Reserve, JPMorgan Chase is required to maintain minimum ratios of CET1, Tier 1 and Total capital to risk-weighted assets, as well as a minimum leverage ratio (which is defined as Tier 1 capital divided by adjusted quarterly average assets). Failure to meet these minimum requirements could cause the Federal Reserve to take action. National bank subsidiaries also are subject to these capital requirements by their respective primary regulators. The following table presents the minimum ratios to which the Firm and its national bank subsidiaries are subject as of June 30, 2016.
 
Minimum capital ratios
Well-capitalized ratios
 
BHC(a)
IDI(b)
BHC(c) 
IDI(d)
Capital ratios
 
 
 
 
CET1
6.25
%
5.125
%
%
6.5
%
Tier 1
7.75

6.625

6.0

8.0

Total
9.75

8.625

10.0

10.0

Tier 1 leverage
4.0

4.0


5.0

Note: The table above is as defined by the regulations issued by the Federal Reserve, OCC and FDIC and to which the Firm and its national bank subsidiaries are subject.
(a)
Represents the transitional minimum capital ratios applicable to the Firm under Basel III at June 30, 2016. Commencing in the first quarter of 2016, the CET1 minimum capital ratio includes 0.625% resulting from the phase in of the Firm’s 2.5% capital conservation buffer and 1.125%, resulting from the phase in of the Firm’s estimated 4.5% GSIB surcharge as of December 31, 2014 published by the Federal Reserve on July 20, 2015.
(b)
Represents requirements for JPMorgan Chase’s banking subsidiaries. The CET1 minimum capital ratio includes 0.625% resulting from the phase in of the 2.5% capital conservation buffer that is applicable to the banking subsidiaries. The banking subsidiaries are not subject to the GSIB surcharge.
(c)
Represents requirements for bank holding companies pursuant to regulations issued by the Federal Reserve.
(d)
Represents requirements for bank subsidiaries pursuant to regulations issued under the FDIC Improvement Act.
As of June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, JPMorgan Chase and all of its banking subsidiaries were well-capitalized and met all capital requirements to which each was subject.



152


Note 21 – Off–balance sheet lending-related financial instruments, guarantees, and other commitments
JPMorgan Chase provides lending-related financial instruments (e.g., commitments and guarantees) to meet the financing needs of its customers. The contractual amount of these financial instruments represents the maximum possible credit risk to the Firm should the counterparty draw upon the commitment or the Firm be required to fulfill its obligation under the guarantee, and should the counterparty subsequently fail to perform according to the terms of the contract. Most of these commitments and guarantees expire without being drawn or a default occurring. As a result, the total contractual amount of these instruments is not, in the Firm’s view, representative of its actual future credit exposure or funding requirements. For further discussion of lending-related commitments and guarantees, and the Firm’s related accounting policies, see Note 29 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
 
To provide for probable credit losses inherent in wholesale and certain consumer lending-related commitments, an allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments is maintained. See Note 14 for further information regarding the allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments. The following table summarizes the contractual amounts and carrying values of off-balance sheet lending-related financial instruments, guarantees and other commitments at June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015. The amounts in the table below for credit card and home equity lending-related commitments represent the total available credit for these products. The Firm has not experienced, and does not anticipate, that all available lines of credit for these products will be utilized at the same time. The Firm can reduce or cancel credit card lines of credit by providing the borrower notice or, in some cases as permitted by law, without notice. In addition, the Firm typically closes credit card lines when the borrower is 60 days or more past due. The Firm may reduce or close home equity lines of credit when there are significant decreases in the value of the underlying property, or when there has been a demonstrable decline in the creditworthiness of the borrower.


153


Off–balance sheet lending-related financial instruments, guarantees and other commitments


Contractual amount

Carrying value(h)

June 30, 2016

Dec 31,
2015

Jun 30,
2016
Dec 31,
2015
By remaining maturity
(in millions)
Expires in 1 year or less
Expires after
1 year through
3 years
Expires after
3 years through
5 years
Expires after 5 years
Total

Total



Lending-related


















Consumer, excluding credit card:


















Home equity
$
4,159

$
5,800

$
1,101

$
10,910

$
21,970


$
22,756


$

$

Residential mortgage(a)
14,166




14,166


12,992




Auto
8,530

1,098

123

57

9,808


10,237


2

2

Business banking
11,777

735

129

492

13,133


12,351


12

12

Student and other
108

1


38

147


142




Total consumer, excluding credit card
$
38,740

$
7,634

$
1,353

$
11,497

$
59,224


$
58,478


$
14

$
14

Credit card
$
539,105

$

$

$

$
539,105


$
515,518


$

$

Total consumer(b)
$
577,845

$
7,634

$
1,353

$
11,497

$
598,329


$
573,996


$
14

$
14

Wholesale:


















Other unfunded commitments to extend credit(c)(d)
$
72,440

$
98,970

$
136,539

$
9,015

$
316,964


$
323,325


$
793

$
649

Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees(c)(d)
17,196

11,840

4,589

2,975

36,600


39,133


585

548

Other letters of credit(c)
3,266

240

75


3,581


3,941


2

2

Total wholesale(e)
$
92,902

$
111,050

$
141,203

$
11,990

$
357,145


$
366,399


$
1,380

$
1,199

Total lending-related
$
670,747

$
118,684

$
142,556

$
23,487

$
955,474


$
940,395


$
1,394

$
1,213

Other guarantees and commitments


















Securities lending indemnification agreements and guarantees(f)
$
174,319

$

$

$

$
174,319


$
183,329


$

$

Derivatives qualifying as guarantees
3,086

209

11,623

39,267

54,185


53,784


274

222

Unsettled reverse repurchase and securities borrowing agreements
73,036




73,036


42,482




Unsettled repurchase and securities lending agreements
44,373




44,373


21,798




Loan sale and securitization-related indemnifications:


















Mortgage repurchase liability
NA

NA

NA

NA

NA


NA


140

148

Loans sold with recourse
NA

NA

NA

NA

3,664


4,274


69

82

Other guarantees and commitments(g)
976

2,652

1,032

1,537

6,197


5,580


(80
)
(94
)
(a)
Includes certain commitments to purchase loans from correspondents.
(b)
Predominantly all consumer lending-related commitments are in the U.S.
(c)
At June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, reflected the contractual amount net of risk participations totaling $315 million and $385 million, respectively, for other unfunded commitments to extend credit; $10.8 billion and $11.2 billion, respectively, for standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees; and $357 million and $341 million, respectively, for other letters of credit. In regulatory filings with the Federal Reserve these commitments are shown gross of risk participations.
(d)
At June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, included credit enhancements and bond and commercial paper liquidity commitments to U.S. states and municipalities, hospitals and other non-profit entities of $11.4 billion and $12.3 billion, respectively, within other unfunded commitments to extend credit; and $8.1 billion and $9.6 billion, respectively, within standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees. Other unfunded commitments to extend credit also include liquidity facilities to nonconsolidated municipal bond VIEs; see Note 15.
(e)
At June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, the U.S. portion of the contractual amount of total wholesale lending-related commitments was 78% and 77%, respectively.
(f)
At June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, collateral held by the Firm in support of securities lending indemnification agreements was $180.6 billion and $190.6 billion, respectively. Securities lending collateral consists of primarily cash and securities issued by governments that are members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and U.S. government agencies.
(g)
At June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, included unfunded commitments of $49 million and $50 million, respectively, to third-party private equity funds; and $1.0 billion and $871 million, at June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, respectively, to other equity investments. These commitments included $66 million and $73 million, respectively, related to investments that are generally fair valued at net asset value as discussed in Note 3. In addition, at June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, included letters of credit hedged by derivative transactions and managed on a market risk basis of $4.7 billion and $4.6 billion, respectively.
(h)
For lending-related products, the carrying value represents the allowance for lending-related commitments and the guarantee liability; for derivative-related products, the carrying value represents the fair value.

154


Other unfunded commitments to extend credit
Other unfunded commitments to extend credit generally consist of commitments for working capital and general corporate purposes, extensions of credit to support commercial paper facilities and bond financings in the event that those obligations cannot be remarketed to new investors, as well as committed liquidity facilities to clearing organizations. The Firm also issues commitments under multipurpose facilities which could be drawn upon in several forms, including the issuance of a standby letter of credit.
Also included in other unfunded commitments to extend credit are noninvestment-grade exposures to leveraged finance counterparties, which totaled $55.9 billion at June 30, 2016. In the second quarter of 2016, the Firm implemented interagency guidance on the definition of leveraged financing, which broadened the scope of sectors beyond that of Commercial & industrial and transactions beyond those of buyouts, acquisitions or capital distributions, and modified the methodology for calculating leveraged ratios.
 
The Firm acts as a settlement and custody bank in the U.S. tri-party repurchase transaction market. In its role as settlement and custody bank, the Firm is exposed to the intra-day credit risk of its cash borrower clients, usually broker-dealers. This exposure arises under secured clearance advance facilities that the Firm extends to its clients (i.e., cash borrowers); these facilities contractually limit the Firm’s intra-day credit risk to the facility amount
and must be repaid by the end of the day. As of June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, the secured clearance advance facility maximum outstanding commitment amount was $2.5 billion and $2.9 billion, respectively.
Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees
Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees are conditional lending commitments issued by the Firm to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party under certain arrangements, such as commercial paper facilities, bond financings, acquisition financings, trade and similar transactions.


The following table summarizes the standby letters of credit and other letters of credit arrangements as of June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015.
Standby letters of credit, other financial guarantees and other letters of credit
 
June 30, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
(in millions)
Standby letters of
credit and other financial guarantees
 
Other letters
of credit
 
Standby letters of
credit and other financial guarantees
 
Other letters
of credit
Investment-grade(a)
$
29,121

 
$
2,962

 
$
31,751

 
$
3,290

Noninvestment-grade(a)
7,479

 
619

 
7,382

 
651

Total contractual amount
$
36,600

 
$
3,581

 
$
39,133

 
$
3,941

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for lending-related commitments
$
151

 
$
2

 
$
121

 
$
2

Guarantee liability
434

 

 
427

 

Total carrying value
$
585

 
$
2

 
$
548

 
$
2

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commitments with collateral
$
20,137

 
$
950

 
$
18,825

 
$
996

(a)
The ratings scale is based on the Firm’s internal ratings which generally correspond to ratings as defined by S&P and Moody’s.

155


Derivatives qualifying as guarantees
In addition to the contracts described above, the Firm transacts certain derivative contracts that have the characteristics of a guarantee under U.S. GAAP. For further information on these derivatives, see Note 29 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report. The total notional value of the derivatives that the Firm deems to be guarantees was $54.2 billion and $53.8 billion at June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, respectively. The notional amount generally represents the Firm’s maximum exposure to derivatives qualifying as guarantees. However, exposure to certain stable value contracts is contractually limited to a substantially lower percentage of the notional amount; the notional amount on these stable value contracts was
$28.5 billion and $28.4 billion at June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, respectively, and the maximum exposure to loss was $3.0 billion at both June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015. The fair values of the contracts reflect the probability of whether the Firm will be required to perform under the contract. The fair value related to derivatives that the Firm deems to be guarantees were derivative payables of $283 million and $236 million at June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, respectively, and derivative receivables of $9 million and $14 million at June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, respectively. The Firm reduces exposures to these contracts by entering into offsetting transactions, or by entering into contracts that hedge the market risk related to the derivative guarantees.
In addition to derivative contracts that meet the characteristics of a guarantee, the Firm is both a purchaser and seller of credit protection in the credit derivatives market. For a further discussion of credit derivatives, see Note 5.
 
Loan sales- and securitization-related indemnifications
In connection with the Firm’s mortgage loan sale and securitization activities with GSEs and in certain private label transactions, the Firm has made representations and warranties that the loans sold meet certain requirements that may require the Firm to repurchase mortgage loans and/or indemnify the loan purchaser. Further, although the Firm’s securitizations are predominantly nonrecourse, the Firm does provide recourse servicing in certain limited cases where it agrees to share credit risk with the owner of the mortgage loans. For additional information, see Note 29 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
The liability related to repurchase demands associated with private label securitizations is separately evaluated by the Firm in establishing its litigation reserves. For additional information regarding litigation, see Note 23 of this Form 10-Q and Note 31 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
Guarantees of subsidiary
JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC ("JPMFC"), a direct, 100%-owned finance subsidiary of the Parent Company, was formed on September 30, 2015, for the purpose of issuing debt and other securities in offerings to investors. Securities issued by JPMFC are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the Parent Company, and these guarantees rank on a parity with the Firm’s unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness.



156


Note 22 – Pledged assets and collateral
For a discussion of the Firm’s pledged assets and collateral, see Note 30 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
Pledged assets
The Firm may pledge financial assets that it owns to maintain potential borrowing capacity with central banks and for other purposes, including to secure borrowings and public deposits, and to collateralize repurchase and other securities financing agreements, and to cover customer short sales. Certain of these pledged assets may be sold or repledged or otherwise used by the secured parties and are identified as financial instruments owned (pledged to various parties) on the Consolidated balance sheets. At June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, the Firm had pledged assets of $405.8 billion and $385.6 billion, respectively, at Federal Reserve banks and FHLBs. In addition, as of June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, the Firm had pledged $55.4 billion and $50.7 billion, respectively, of financial assets that may not be sold or repledged or otherwise used by the secured parties. Total assets pledged do not include assets of consolidated VIEs; these assets are used to settle the liabilities of those entities. See Note 15 for additional information on assets and liabilities of consolidated VIEs. For additional information on the Firm’s securities financing activities, see Note 12. For additional information on the Firm’s long-term debt, see Note 21 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
Collateral
At June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, the Firm had accepted financial assets as collateral that it could sell or repledge, deliver or otherwise use with a fair value of $851.7 billion and $748.5 billion, respectively. This collateral was generally obtained under resale agreements, securities borrowing agreements, customer margin loans and derivative agreements. Of the collateral received, $681.8 billion and $580.9 billion, respectively, were sold, repledged, delivered or otherwise used. Collateral was generally used under repurchase agreements, securities lending agreements or to cover customer short sales and to collateralize deposits and derivative agreements.


 
Note 23 – Litigation
Contingencies
As of June 30, 2016, the Firm and its subsidiaries and affiliates are defendants or putative defendants in numerous legal proceedings, including private, civil litigations and regulatory/government investigations. The litigations range from individual actions involving a single plaintiff to class action lawsuits with potentially millions of class members. Investigations involve both formal and informal proceedings, by both governmental agencies and self-regulatory organizations. These legal proceedings are at varying stages of adjudication, arbitration or investigation, and involve each of the Firm’s lines of business and geographies and a wide variety of claims (including common law tort and contract claims and statutory antitrust, securities and consumer protection claims), some of which present novel legal theories.
The Firm believes the estimate of the aggregate range of reasonably possible losses, in excess of reserves established, for its legal proceedings is from $0 to approximately $3.3 billion at June 30, 2016. This estimated aggregate range of reasonably possible losses was based upon currently available information for those proceedings in which the Firm believes that an estimate of reasonably possible loss can be made. For certain matters, the Firm does not believe that such an estimate can be made, as of that date. The Firm’s estimate of the aggregate range of reasonably possible losses involves significant judgment, given the number, variety and varying stages of the proceedings (including the fact that many are in preliminary stages), the existence in many such proceedings of multiple defendants (including the Firm) whose share of liability has yet to be determined, the numerous yet-unresolved issues in many of the proceedings (including issues regarding class certification and the scope of many of the claims) and the attendant uncertainty of the various potential outcomes of such proceedings, particularly proceedings that could result from government investigations. Accordingly, the Firm’s estimate will change from time to time, and actual losses may vary significantly.
Set forth below are descriptions of the Firm’s material legal proceedings.
Auto Dealer Regulatory Matter. The U.S. Department of Justice (“DOJ”) is investigating potential statistical disparities in markups charged to borrowers of different races and ethnicities by automobile dealers on loans originated by those dealers and purchased by the Firm.
CIO Litigation. The Firm has been sued in a consolidated shareholder class action, and in a consolidated putative class action brought under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (“ERISA”), relating to 2012 losses in the synthetic credit portfolio formerly managed by the Firm’s Chief Investment Office (“CIO”). A settlement of the shareholder class action, under which the Firm will pay


157


$150 million, has received final court approval over two pro se objections. One of the objectors has appealed. The putative ERISA class action has been dismissed, and the plaintiffs are appealing that dismissal.
Foreign Exchange Investigations and Litigation. The Firm previously reported settlements with certain government authorities relating to its foreign exchange (“FX”) sales and trading activities and controls related to those activities. FX-related investigations and inquiries by government authorities, including competition authorities, are ongoing, and the Firm is cooperating with those matters.
The Firm is also one of a number of foreign exchange dealers defending a class action filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York by U.S.-based plaintiffs, principally alleging violations of federal antitrust laws based on an alleged conspiracy to manipulate foreign exchange rates (the “U.S. class action”). In January 2015, the Firm entered into a settlement agreement in the U.S. class action. Following this settlement, a number of additional putative class actions were filed seeking damages for persons who transacted FX futures and options on futures (the “exchanged-based actions”), consumers who purchased foreign currencies at allegedly inflated rates (the “consumer actions”), and participants or beneficiaries of qualified ERISA plans (the “ERISA actions”). Since then, the Firm has entered into a revised settlement agreement to resolve the consolidated U.S. class action, including the exchange-based actions, and that agreement has been preliminarily approved by the Court. The consumer actions and ERISA actions remain pending.
In September 2015, two class actions were filed in Canada against the Firm as well as a number of other FX dealers, principally for alleged violations of the Canadian Competition Act based on an alleged conspiracy to fix the prices of currency purchased in the FX market. The first action was filed in the province of Ontario, and seeks to represent all persons in Canada who transacted any FX instrument. The second action seeks to represent only those persons in Quebec who engaged in FX transactions.
General Motors Litigation. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. participated in, and was the Administrative Agent on behalf of a syndicate of lenders on, a $1.5 billion syndicated Term Loan facility (“Term Loan”) for General Motors Corporation (“GM”). In July 2009, in connection with the GM bankruptcy proceedings, the Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors of Motors Liquidation Company (“Creditors Committee”) filed a lawsuit against JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., in its individual capacity and as Administrative Agent for other lenders on the Term Loan, seeking to hold the underlying lien invalid based on the filing of a UCC-3 termination statement relating to the Term Loan. In January 2015, following several court proceedings, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit reversed the Bankruptcy Court’s dismissal of the Creditors Committee’s claim and
 
remanded the case to the Bankruptcy Court with instructions to enter partial summary judgment for the Creditors Committee as to the termination statement. The proceedings in the Bankruptcy Court continue with respect to, among other things, additional defenses asserted by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and the value of additional collateral on the Term Loan that was unaffected by the filing of the termination statement at issue. In addition, certain Term Loan lenders filed cross-claims against JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. in the Bankruptcy Court seeking indemnification and asserting various claims.
Interchange Litigation. A group of merchants and retail associations filed a series of class action complaints alleging that Visa and MasterCard, as well as certain banks, conspired to set the price of credit and debit card interchange fees, enacted respective rules in violation of antitrust laws, and engaged in tying/bundling and exclusive dealing. The parties entered into an agreement to settle the cases for a cash payment of $6.1 billion to the class plaintiffs (of which the Firm’s share is approximately 20%) and an amount equal to ten basis points of credit card interchange for a period of eight months to be measured from a date within 60 days of the end of the opt-out period. The agreement also provides for modifications to each credit card network’s rules, including those that prohibit surcharging credit card transactions. In December 2013, the District Court granted final approval of the settlement.
A number of merchants appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, which vacated the District Court’s certification of the class action and reversed the approval of the class settlement in June 2016. The case has been remanded to the District Court for further proceedings consistent with the appellate decision.
Certain merchants and trade associations have also filed a motion with the District Court seeking to set aside the approval of the class settlement on the basis of alleged improper communications between one of MasterCard’s former outside counsel and one of plaintiffs’ outside counsel. That motion remains pending. Certain merchants that opted out of the class settlement have filed actions against Visa and MasterCard, as well as against the Firm and other banks, and those actions are proceeding.
Investment Management Litigation. The Firm is defending two pending cases that are coordinated for pre-trial purposes, alleging that investment portfolios managed by J.P. Morgan Investment Management (“JPMIM”) were inappropriately invested in securities backed by residential real estate collateral. Plaintiffs Assured Guaranty (U.K.) and Ambac Assurance UK Limited claim that JPMIM is liable for total losses of more than $1 billion in market value of these securities. Discovery has been completed. In January 2016, plaintiffs filed a joint partial motion for summary judgment in the coordinated actions, which JPMIM has opposed.


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Lehman Brothers Bankruptcy Proceedings. In May 2010, Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. (“LBHI”) and its Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors (the “Committee”) filed a complaint (and later an amended complaint) against JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York that asserted both federal bankruptcy law and state common law claims, and sought, among other relief, to recover $7.9 billion in collateral that was transferred to JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. in the weeks preceding LBHI’s bankruptcy. The amended complaint also sought unspecified damages on the grounds that JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.’s collateral requests hastened LBHI’s bankruptcy. The Bankruptcy Court dismissed the claims in the amended complaint that sought to void the allegedly constructively fraudulent and preferential transfers made to the Firm during September 2008, but did not dismiss the other claims, including claims for duress and fraud. The Firm filed counterclaims against LBHI, including alleging that LBHI fraudulently induced the Firm to make large extensions of credit against inappropriate collateral in connection with the Firm’s role as the clearing bank for Lehman Brothers Inc. (“LBI”), LBHI’s broker-dealer subsidiary. In September 2015, the District Court, to which the case had been transferred from the Bankruptcy Court, granted summary judgment in favor of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. on most of the claims against it that the Bankruptcy Court had not previously dismissed, including the claims for duress and fraud. The District Court also denied LBHI’s motion for summary judgment on certain of its claims and for dismissal of the Firm’s counterclaims. The claims that remained following the District Court’s ruling challenged the propriety of the Firm’s post-petition payment, from collateral posted by LBHI, of approximately $1.9 billion of derivatives, repo and securities lending claims.
In the Bankruptcy Court proceedings, LBHI and several of its subsidiaries that had been Chapter 11 debtors had filed a separate complaint and objection to derivatives claims asserted by the Firm alleging that the amount of the derivatives claims had been overstated and challenging certain set-offs taken by JPMorgan Chase entities to recover on the claims. In January 2015, LBHI filed claims objections with respect to guaranty claims asserted by the Firm arising from close-outs of derivatives transactions with LBI and one of its affiliates, and a claim objection with respect to derivatives close-out claims acquired by the Firm in the Washington Mutual transaction.
In January 2016, the parties reached an agreement, approved by the Bankruptcy Court, under which the Firm has paid $1.42 billion to settle all of the claims, counterclaims and claims objections, including all appeal rights, except for the claims specified in the following paragraph. One pro se objector sought to appeal the settlement, and the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit dismissed his appeal.
 
The settlement did not resolve the following remaining matters: In the Bankruptcy Court proceedings, LBHI and the Committee filed an objection to the claims asserted by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. against LBHI with respect to clearing advances made to LBI, principally on the grounds that the Firm had not conducted the sale of the securities collateral held for its claims in a commercially reasonable manner. In January 2015, LBHI brought two claims objections relating to securities lending claims and a group of other smaller claims. Discovery with respect to these objections is ongoing.
LIBOR and Other Benchmark Rate Investigations and Litigation. JPMorgan Chase has received subpoenas and requests for documents and, in some cases, interviews, from federal and state agencies and entities, including the DOJ, the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”), the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and various state attorneys general, as well as the European Commission (“EC”), the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”), the Canadian Competition Bureau, the Swiss Competition Commission and other regulatory authorities and banking associations around the world relating primarily to the process by which interest rates were submitted to the British Bankers Association (“BBA”) in connection with the setting of the BBA’s London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) for various currencies, principally in 2007 and 2008. Some of the inquiries also relate to similar processes by which information on rates is submitted to the European Banking Federation (“EBF”) in connection with the setting of the EBF’s Euro Interbank Offered Rates (“EURIBOR”) and to the Japanese Bankers’ Association for the setting of Tokyo Interbank Offered Rates (“TIBOR”), as well as processes for the setting of U.S. dollar ISDAFIX rates and other reference rates in various parts of the world during similar time periods. The Firm is responding to and continuing to cooperate with these inquiries. As previously reported, the Firm has resolved EC inquiries relating to Yen LIBOR and Swiss Franc LIBOR. In May 2014, the EC issued a Statement of Objections outlining its case against the Firm (and others) as to EURIBOR, to which the Firm has filed a response and made oral representations. In June 2016, the DOJ informed the Firm that the DOJ had closed its inquiry into LIBOR and other benchmark rates with respect to the Firm without taking action. Other inquiries have been discontinued without any action against JPMorgan Chase, including by the FCA and the Canadian Competition Bureau.
In addition, the Firm has been named as a defendant along with other banks in a series of individual and putative class actions filed in various United States District Courts, in which plaintiffs make varying allegations that in various periods, starting in 2000 or later, defendants either individually or collectively manipulated the U.S. dollar LIBOR, Yen LIBOR, Swiss franc LIBOR, Euroyen TIBOR, EURIBOR, Singapore Interbank Offered Rate (“SIBOR”) and/or Singapore Swap Offer Rate (“SOR”) rates by submitting


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rates that were artificially low or high. Plaintiffs allege that they transacted in loans, derivatives or other financial instruments whose values are affected by changes in U.S. dollar LIBOR, Yen LIBOR, Swiss franc LIBOR, Euroyen TIBOR, EURIBOR, SIBOR or SOR, and assert a variety of claims including antitrust claims seeking treble damages. These matters are in various stages of litigation.
The U.S. dollar LIBOR-related putative class actions and most U.S. dollar LIBOR-related individual actions were consolidated for pre-trial purposes in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. The Court dismissed certain claims, including the antitrust claims, and permitted other claims under the Commodity Exchange Act and common law to proceed. In May 2016, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit vacated the dismissal of the antitrust claims and remanded the case to the District Court to consider, among other things, whether the plaintiffs have standing to assert antitrust claims. JPMorgan Chase and other defendants again moved to dismiss the antitrust claims in July 2016.
The Firm is one of the defendants in a number of putative class actions alleging that defendant banks and ICAP conspired to manipulate the U.S. dollar ISDAFIX rates. Plaintiffs primarily assert claims under the federal antitrust laws and Commodity Exchange Act. In April 2016, the Firm settled the ISDAFIX litigation, along with certain other banks. Those settlements have been preliminarily approved by the Court.
Madoff Litigation. A putative class action was filed in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey by investors who were net winners (i.e., Madoff customers who had taken more money out of their accounts than had been invested) in Madoff’s Ponzi scheme and were not included in a prior class action settlement. These plaintiffs allege violations of the federal securities law, as well as other state and federal claims. A similar action was filed in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida, although it was not styled as a class action, and included claims pursuant to Florida statutes. The Florida court granted the Firm’s motion to dismiss the case in September 2015. The plaintiffs have filed an appeal, which is pending. In addition, the same plaintiffs have re-filed their dismissed state claims in Florida state court. The Firm’s motion to dismiss is pending. The New Jersey court granted the transfer motion to the Southern District of New York, which granted the Firm’s motion to dismiss. The plaintiffs have filed a notice of appeal.
Three shareholder derivative actions have also been filed in New York federal and state court against the Firm, as nominal defendant, and certain of its current and former Board members, alleging breach of fiduciary duty in connection with the Firm’s relationship with Bernard Madoff and the alleged failure to maintain effective internal controls to detect fraudulent transactions. All three actions
 
have been dismissed. The plaintiff in one of the actions is seeking leave to appeal, which the Firm has opposed.
Mortgage-Backed Securities and Repurchase Litigation and Related Regulatory Investigations. The Firm and affiliates (together, “JPMC”), Bear Stearns and affiliates (together, “Bear Stearns”) and certain Washington Mutual affiliates (together, “Washington Mutual”) have been named as defendants in a number of cases in their various roles in offerings of mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”). Following the settlements referred to below, the remaining civil cases include one investor action, one action by a monoline insurer relating to Bear Stearns’ role solely as underwriter, and actions for repurchase of mortgage loans. The Firm and certain of its current and former officers and Board members have also been sued in shareholder derivative actions relating to the Firm’s MBS activities, and one action remains pending.
Issuer Litigation – Individual Purchaser Actions. With the exception of one remaining action, the Firm has settled all of the individual actions brought against JPMC, Bear Stearns and Washington Mutual as MBS issuers (and, in some cases, also as underwriters of their own MBS offerings).
Underwriter Actions. The Firm is defending one remaining action by a monoline insurer relating to Bear Stearns’ role solely as underwriter for another issuer’s MBS offering. The issuer is defunct.
Repurchase Litigation. The Firm is defending a number of actions brought by trustees, securities administrators and/or master servicers of various MBS trusts on behalf of purchasers of securities issued by those trusts. These cases generally allege breaches of various representations and warranties regarding securitized loans and seek repurchase of those loans or equivalent monetary relief, as well as indemnification of attorneys’ fees and costs and other remedies. Deutsche Bank National Trust Company, acting as trustee for various MBS trusts, has filed such a suit against JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”) in connection with a significant number of MBS issued by Washington Mutual; that case is described in the Washington Mutual Litigations section below. Other repurchase actions, each specific to one or more MBS transactions issued by JPMC and/or Bear Stearns, are in various stages of litigation.
In addition, the Firm and a group of 21 institutional MBS investors made a binding offer to the trustees of MBS issued by JPMC and Bear Stearns providing for the payment of $4.5 billion and the implementation of certain servicing changes by JPMC, to resolve all repurchase and servicing claims that have been asserted or could have been asserted with respect to 330 MBS trusts created between 2005 and 2008. The offer does not resolve claims relating to Washington Mutual MBS. The trustees (or separate and successor trustees) for this group of 330 trusts have accepted the settlement for 319 trusts in whole or in part


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and excluded from the settlement 16 trusts in whole or in part. The trustees’ acceptance is subject to a judicial approval proceeding initiated by the trustees and pending in New York state court. The judicial approval hearing was held in January 2016, and the parties are awaiting a decision.
Additional actions have been filed against third-party trustees that relate to loan repurchase and servicing claims involving trusts sponsored by JPMC, Bear Stearns and Washington Mutual.
The Firm has entered into agreements with a number of MBS trustees or entities that purchased MBS that toll applicable statute of limitations periods with respect to their claims, and has settled, and in the future may settle, tolled claims. There is no assurance that the Firm will not be named as a defendant in additional MBS-related litigation.
Derivative Actions. Shareholder derivative actions relating to the Firm’s MBS activities have been filed against the Firm, as nominal defendant, and certain of its current and former officers and members of its Board of Directors, in New York state court and California federal court. The New York actions have been dismissed, and the California action remains pending.
Government Enforcement Investigations and Litigation. The Firm is responding to an ongoing investigation being conducted by the DOJ’s Criminal Division and a United States Attorney’s Office relating to MBS offerings securitized and sold by the Firm and its subsidiaries. The Firm has also received subpoenas and informal requests for information from state authorities concerning the issuance and underwriting of MBS-related matters. The Firm continues to respond to these MBS-related regulatory inquiries.
In addition, the Firm continues to cooperate with investigations by the DOJ, including the United States Attorney’s Office for the District of Connecticut, and by the SEC Division of Enforcement and the Office of the Special Inspector General for the Troubled Asset Relief Program, all of which relate to, among other matters, communications with counterparties in connection with certain secondary market trading in residential and commercial MBS.
Mortgage-Related Investigations and Litigation. The Civil Division of the United States Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of New York is conducting an investigation concerning the Firm’s compliance with the Fair Housing Act and Equal Credit Opportunity Act in connection with its mortgage lending practices. In addition, three municipalities have commenced litigation against the Firm alleging violations of an unfair competition law or the Fair Housing Act. The municipalities seek, among other things, civil penalties for the unfair competition claim, and, for the Fair Housing Act claims, damages resulting from lost tax revenue and increased municipal costs associated with foreclosed properties. The municipal actions are stayed
 
pending the United States Supreme Court’s review of decisions of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit which held, among other things, that the City of Miami has standing under the Fair Housing Act to pursue similar claims against other banks.
In March 2015, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A entered into a settlement agreement with the Executive Office for United States Bankruptcy Trustees and the United States Trustee Program (collectively, the “Bankruptcy Trustee”) to resolve issues relating to mortgage payment change notices and escrow statements in bankruptcy proceedings. The Bankruptcy Trustee continues to review certain issues relating to mortgage payment change notices. In January 2016, the OCC determined that, among other things, the mortgage payment change notices issues that were the subject of the settlement with the Bankruptcy Trustee violated the 2011 mortgage servicing-related consent order entered into by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and the OCC (as amended in 2013 and 2015), and assessed a $48 million civil money penalty. The OCC concurrently terminated that consent order.
Municipal Derivatives Litigation. Several civil actions were commenced in New York and Alabama courts against the Firm relating to certain Jefferson County, Alabama (the “County”) warrant underwritings and swap transactions. The claims in the civil actions generally alleged that the Firm made payments to certain third parties in exchange for being chosen to underwrite more than $3 billion in warrants issued by the County and to act as the counterparty for certain swaps executed by the County. The County filed for bankruptcy in November 2011. In June 2013, the County filed a Chapter 9 Plan of Adjustment, as amended (the “Plan of Adjustment”), which provided that all the above-described actions against the Firm would be released and dismissed with prejudice. In November 2013, the Bankruptcy Court confirmed the Plan of Adjustment, and in December 2013, certain sewer rate payers filed an appeal challenging the confirmation of the Plan of Adjustment. All conditions to the Plan of Adjustment’s effectiveness, including the dismissal of the actions against the Firm, were satisfied or waived and the transactions contemplated by the Plan of Adjustment occurred in December 2013. Accordingly, all the above-described actions against the Firm have been dismissed pursuant to the terms of the Plan of Adjustment. The appeal of the Bankruptcy Court’s order confirming the Plan of Adjustment remains pending.
Petters Bankruptcy and Related Matters. JPMorgan Chase and certain of its affiliates, including One Equity Partners (“OEP”), have been named as defendants in several actions filed in connection with the receivership and bankruptcy proceedings pertaining to Thomas J. Petters and certain affiliated entities (collectively, “Petters”) and the Polaroid Corporation. The principal actions against JPMorgan Chase


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and its affiliates have been brought by a court-appointed receiver for Petters and the trustees in bankruptcy proceedings for three Petters entities. These actions generally seek to avoid certain putative transfers in connection with (i) the 2005 acquisition by Petters of Polaroid, which at the time was majority-owned by OEP; (ii) two credit facilities that JPMorgan Chase and other financial institutions entered into with Polaroid; and (iii) a credit line and investment accounts held by Petters. The actions collectively seek recovery of approximately $450 million. Defendants have moved to dismiss the complaints in the actions filed by the Petters bankruptcy trustees.
Proprietary Products Investigations and Litigation. In December 2015, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and J.P. Morgan Securities LLC agreed to a settlement with the SEC, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. agreed to a settlement with the CFTC, regarding disclosures to clients concerning conflicts associated with the Firm’s sale and use of proprietary products, such as J.P. Morgan mutual funds,
in the Firm’s wealth management businesses, and the U.S. Private Bank’s disclosures concerning the use of hedge funds that pay placement agent fees to JPMorgan Chase broker-dealer affiliates. The Firm continues to cooperate with inquiries from other government authorities concerning disclosure of conflicts associated with the Firm’s sale and use of proprietary products. A putative class action, which was filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois on behalf of financial advisory clients from 2007 to the present whose funds were invested in proprietary funds and who were charged investment management fees, was dismissed by the Court. Plaintiffs’ appeal of the dismissal is pending.
Referral Hiring Practices Investigations. Various regulators, including the DOJ’s Criminal Division as well as the SEC, are investigating, among other things, the Firm’s compliance with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and other laws with respect to the Firm’s hiring practices related to candidates referred by clients, potential clients and government officials, and its engagement of consultants in the Asia Pacific region. The Firm is responding to and cooperating with these investigations.
Washington Mutual Litigations. Proceedings related to Washington Mutual’s failure are pending before the United States District Court for the District of Columbia and include a lawsuit brought by Deutsche Bank National Trust Company, initially against the FDIC and amended to include JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as a defendant, asserting an estimated $6 billion to $10 billion in damages based upon alleged breaches of certain representations and warranties given by certain Washington Mutual affiliates in connection with mortgage securitization agreements. The case includes assertions that JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. may have assumed liabilities for the alleged breaches of representations and warranties in the mortgage
 
securitization agreements. In June 2015, the court ruled in favor of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. on the question of whether the Firm or the FDIC bears responsibility for Washington Mutual Bank’s repurchase obligations, holding that JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. assumed only those liabilities that were reflected on Washington Mutual Bank’s financial accounting records as of September 25, 2008, and only up to the amount of the book value reflected therein. The FDIC is appealing that ruling and the case has otherwise been stayed pending the outcome of that appeal.
JPMorgan Chase has also filed complaints in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia against the FDIC, in its corporate capacity as well as in its capacity as receiver for Washington Mutual Bank, asserting multiple claims for indemnification under the terms of the Purchase & Assumption Agreement between JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and the FDIC relating to JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.’s purchase of substantially all of the assets and certain liabilities of Washington Mutual Bank (the "Purchase & Assumption Agreement").
The Firm, Deutsche Bank National Trust Company and the FDIC have signed a term sheet to resolve (a) pending litigation brought by Deutsche Bank National Trust Company against the FDIC and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as defendants, relating to alleged breaches of certain representations and warranties given by certain Washington Mutual affiliates in connection with mortgage securitization agreements and (b) JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.’s outstanding indemnification claims pursuant to the terms of the Purchase & Assumption Agreement. The term sheet is subject to FDIC Board approval, finalization of settlement documents and certain judicial approval procedures.
Wendel. Since 2012, the French criminal authorities have been investigating a series of transactions entered into by senior managers of Wendel Investissement (“Wendel”) during the period from 2004 through 2007 to restructure their shareholdings in Wendel. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Paris branch provided financing for the transactions to a number of managers of Wendel in 2007. In April 2015, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. was notified that the authorities were formally investigating the role of its Paris branch in the transactions, including alleged criminal tax abuse. JPMorgan Chase is responding to and cooperating with the investigation. In addition, civil proceedings have been commenced against JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. by a number of the managers. The claims are separate, involve different allegations and are at various stages of proceedings.
* * *
In addition to the various legal proceedings discussed above, JPMorgan Chase and its subsidiaries are named as defendants or are otherwise involved in a substantial number of other legal proceedings. The Firm believes it has meritorious defenses to the claims asserted against it in its


162


currently outstanding legal proceedings and it intends to defend itself vigorously in all such matters. Additional legal proceedings may be initiated from time to time in the future.
The Firm has established reserves for several hundred of its currently outstanding legal proceedings. In accordance with the provisions of U.S. GAAP for contingencies, the Firm accrues for a litigation-related liability when it is probable that such a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Firm evaluates its outstanding legal proceedings each quarter to assess its litigation reserves, and makes adjustments in such reserves, upwards or downward, as appropriate, based on management’s best judgment after consultation with counsel. The Firm’s legal expense was a benefit of $(430) million and an expense of $291 million during the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and a benefit of $(476) million and an expense of $978 million during the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. There is no assurance that the Firm’s litigation reserves will not need to be adjusted in the future.
In view of the inherent difficulty of predicting the outcome
 
of legal proceedings, particularly where the claimants seek very large or indeterminate damages, or where the matters present novel legal theories, involve a large number of parties or are in early stages of discovery, the Firm cannot state with confidence what will be the eventual outcomes of the currently pending matters, the timing of their ultimate resolution or the eventual losses, fines, penalties or impact related to those matters. JPMorgan Chase believes, based upon its current knowledge, after consultation with counsel and after taking into account its current litigation reserves, that the legal proceedings currently pending against it should not have a material adverse effect on the Firm’s consolidated financial condition. The Firm notes, however, that in light of the uncertainties involved in such proceedings, there is no assurance that the ultimate resolution of these matters will not significantly exceed the reserves it has currently accrued. As a result, the outcome of a particular matter may be material to JPMorgan Chase’s operating results for a particular period, depending on, among other factors, the size of the loss or liability imposed and the level of JPMorgan Chase’s income for that period.


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Note 24 – Business segments
The Firm is managed on a line of business basis. There are four major reportable business segments – Consumer & Community Banking, Corporate & Investment Bank, Commercial Banking and Asset Management. In addition, there is a Corporate segment. The business segments are determined based on the products and services provided, or the type of customer served, and they reflect the manner in which financial information is currently evaluated by management. Results of these lines of business are presented on a managed basis. For a further discussion concerning JPMorgan Chase’s business segments, see Business Segment Results on page 18, and pages 83–84, and Note 33 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
Segment results
The accompanying tables provide a summary of the Firm’s segment results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, on a managed basis. Total net revenue (noninterest revenue and net interest income) for each of the segments is presented on a FTE basis. Accordingly,
 
revenue from investments that receive tax credits and tax-exempt securities is presented in the managed results on a basis comparable to taxable investments and securities. This allows management to assess the comparability of revenue from year-to-year arising from both taxable and tax-exempt sources. The corresponding income tax impact related to tax-exempt items is recorded within income tax expense/(benefit).
On at least an annual basis, the Firm assesses the level of capital required for each line of business as well as the assumptions and methodologies used to allocate capital. The line of business equity allocations are updated as refinements are implemented. Each business segment is allocated capital by taking into consideration stand-alone peer comparisons, regulatory capital requirements (as estimated under Basel III Advanced Fully Phased-In rules) and economic risk. The amount of capital assigned to each business is referred to as equity.


Segment results and reconciliation(a)
As of or for the three months ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios)
Consumer &
Community Banking
 
Corporate &
Investment Bank
 
Commercial Banking
 
Asset Management
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
Noninterest revenue
$
4,138

$
4,089

 
$
6,475

$
6,233

 
$
586

$
609

 
$
2,192

$
2,544

Net interest income
7,313

6,926

 
2,690

2,490

 
1,231

1,130

 
747

631

Total net revenue
11,451

11,015

 
9,165

8,723

 
1,817

1,739

 
2,939

3,175

Provision for credit losses
1,201

702

 
235

50

 
(25
)
182

 
(8
)

Noninterest expense
6,004

6,210

 
5,078

5,137

 
731

703

 
2,098

2,406

Income before income tax expense
4,246

4,103

 
3,852

3,536

 
1,111

854

 
849

769

Income tax expense
1,590

1,570

 
1,359

1,195

 
415

329

 
328

318

Net income
$
2,656

$
2,533

 
$
2,493

$
2,341

 
$
696

$
525

 
$
521

$
451

Average common equity
$
51,000

$
51,000

 
$
64,000

$
62,000

 
$
16,000

$
14,000

 
$
9,000

$
9,000

Total assets
519,187

472,181

 
826,019

819,745

 
208,151

201,377

 
134,380

134,059

Return on common equity
20%

19%

 
15%

14%

 
16%

14%

 
22%

19%

Overhead ratio
52

56

 
55

59

 
40

40

 
71

76

As of or for the three months ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios)
Corporate
 
Reconciling Items(a)
 
Total
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
Noninterest revenue
$
171

$
100

 
$
(529
)
$
(447
)
 
$
13,033

$
13,128

Net interest income
(329
)
(221
)
 
(305
)
$
(272
)
 
11,347

10,684

Total net revenue
(158
)
(121
)
 
(834
)
$
(719
)
 
24,380

23,812

Provision for credit losses
(1
)
1

 


 
1,402

935

Noninterest expense
(273
)
44

 


 
13,638

14,500

Income/(loss) before income tax expense/(benefit)
116

(166
)
 
(834
)
(719
)
 
9,340

8,377

Income tax expense/(benefit)
282

(606
)
 
(834
)
(719
)
 
3,140

2,087

Net income/(loss)
$
(166
)
$
440

 
$

$

 
$
6,200

$
6,290

Average common equity
$
84,429

$
77,738

 
$

$

 
$
224,429

$
213,738

Total assets
778,359

821,736

 
NA

NA

 
2,466,096

2,449,098

Return on common equity
NM

NM

 
NM

NM

 
10
%
11
%
Overhead ratio
NM

NM

 
NM

NM

 
56

61


164


Segment results and reconciliation(a)
As of or for the six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios)
Consumer &
Community Banking
 
Corporate &
Investment Bank
 
Commercial Banking
 
Asset Management
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
Noninterest revenue
$
7,944

$
7,825

 
$
12,009

$
13,307

 
$
1,142

$
1,245

 
$
4,437

$
4,928

Net interest income
14,624

13,894

 
5,291

4,998

 
2,478

2,236

 
1,474

1,252

Total net revenue
22,568

21,719

 
17,300

18,305

 
3,620

3,481

 
5,911

6,180

Provision for credit losses
2,251

1,632

 
694

19

 
279

243

 
5

4

Noninterest expense
12,092

12,400

 
9,886

10,794

 
1,444

1,412

 
4,173

4,581

Income before income tax expense
8,225

7,687

 
6,720

7,492

 
1,897

1,826

 
1,733

1,595

Income tax expense
3,079

2,935

 
2,248

2,614

 
705

703

 
625

642

Net income
$
5,146

$
4,752

 
$
4,472

$
4,878

 
$
1,192

$
1,123

 
$
1,108

$
953

Average common equity
$
51,000

$
51,000

 
$
64,000

$
62,000

 
$
16,000

$
14,000

 
$
9,000

$
9,000

Total assets
519,187

472,181

 
826,019

819,745

 
208,151

201,377

 
134,380

134,059

Return on common equity
19%

18
%
 
13%

15
%
 
14%

15
%
 
24%

21
%
Overhead ratio
54

57

 
57

59

 
40

41

 
71

74

As of or for the six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios)
Corporate
 
Reconciling Items(a)
 
Total
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
Noninterest revenue
$
440

$
140

 
$
(1,080
)
$
(928
)
 
$
24,892

$
26,517

Net interest income
(542
)
(474
)
 
(598
)
(545
)
 
22,727

21,361

Total net revenue
(102
)
(334
)
 
(1,678
)
(1,473
)
 
47,619

47,878

Provision for credit losses
(3
)
(4
)
 


 
3,226

1,894

Noninterest expense
(120
)
196

 


 
27,475

29,383

Income/(loss) before income tax expense/(benefit)
21

(526
)
 
(1,678
)
(1,473
)
 
16,918

16,601

Income tax expense/(benefit)
219

(1,024
)
 
(1,678
)
(1,473
)
 
5,198

4,397

Net income/(loss)
$
(198
)
$
498

 
$

$

 
$
11,720

$
12,204

Average common equity
$
82,995

$
77,049

 
$

$

 
$
222,995

$
213,049

Total assets
778,359

821,736

 
NA

NA

 
2,466,096

2,449,098

Return on common equity
NM

NM

 
NM

NM

 
10%

11
%
Overhead ratio
NM

NM

 
NM

NM

 
58

61

(a)
Segment managed results reflect revenue on an FTE basis with the corresponding income tax impact recorded within income tax expense/(benefit). These FTE adjustments are eliminated in reconciling items to arrive at the Firm’s reported U.S. GAAP results.

165


Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm


To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of JPMorgan
Chase & Co.:
We have reviewed the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of JPMorgan Chase & Co. and its subsidiaries (the “Firm”) as of June 30, 2016, and the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income for each of the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 and changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the six-month periods ended June 30, 2016 and 2015. These interim financial statements are the responsibility of the Firm’s management.
We conducted our review in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). A review of interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.
Based on our review, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the accompanying consolidated interim financial statements for them to be in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
 
We previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2015, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity, and changes in cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein), and in our report dated February 23, 2016, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet information as of December 31, 2015, is fairly stated in all material respects in relation to the consolidated balance sheet from which it has been derived.

August 3, 2016



























PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, 300 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10017

166


JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Consolidated average balance sheets, interest and rates
(Taxable-equivalent interest and rates; in millions, except rates)
 
 
 
 
 
Three months ended June 30, 2016
 
Three months ended June 30, 2015
 
Average
balance
Interest(e)
 
Rate
(annualized)
 
Average
balance
Interest(e)
 
Rate
(annualized)
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits with banks
$
379,001

$
466

 
0.49
 %
 
 
$
437,776

$
312

 
0.29
 %
 
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
201,871

576

 
1.15

 
 
205,352

340

 
0.66

 
Securities borrowed
101,669

(96
)
(f) 
(0.38
)
 
 
107,178

(159
)
(f) 
(0.59
)
 
Trading assets – debt instruments
215,780

1,878

 
3.50

 
 
208,823

1,755

 
3.37

 
Taxable securities
235,641

1,380

 
2.36

 
 
282,398

1,609

 
2.28

 
Nontaxable securities(a)
44,400

671

 
6.08

 
 
41,543

628

 
6.06

 
Total securities
280,041

2,051

 
2.95

(g) 
 
323,941

2,237

 
2.77

(g) 
Loans
859,727

9,032

 
4.22

 
 
774,205

8,126

 
4.21

 
Other assets(b)
41,436

211

 
2.06

 
 
40,362

175

 
1.74

 
Total interest-earning assets
2,079,525

14,118

 
2.73

 
 
2,097,637

12,786

 
2.44

 
Allowance for loan losses
(13,983
)
 
 
 
 
 
(14,076
)
 
 
 
 
Cash and due from banks
18,956

 
 
 
 
 
23,211

 
 
 
 
Trading assets – equity instruments
99,626

 
 
 
 
 
117,638

 
 
 
 
Trading assets – derivative receivables
69,823

 
 
 
 
 
73,805

 
 
 
 
Goodwill
47,309

 
 
 
 
 
47,485

 
 
 
 
Mortgage servicing rights
5,512

 
 
 
 
 
6,924

 
 
 
 
Other intangible assets
928

 
 
 
 
 
1,113

 
 
 
 
Other assets
133,493

 
 
 
 
 
140,096

 
 
 
 
Total assets
$
2,441,189

 
 
 
 
 
$
2,493,833

 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing deposits
$
915,295

$
321

 
0.14
 %
 
 
$
869,523

$
308

 
0.14
 %
 
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
176,855

282

 
0.64

 
 
200,054

143

 
0.29

 
Commercial paper
17,462

38

 
0.88

 
 
49,020

30

 
0.25

 
Trading liabilities – debt, short-term and other liabilities(c)(d)
200,141

314

 
0.63

 
 
213,246

171

 
0.32

 
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
38,411

118

 
1.24

 
 
51,600

110

 
0.85

 
Long-term debt
291,726

1,393

 
1.92

 
 
282,262

1,068

 
1.52

 
Total interest-bearing liabilities
1,639,890

2,466

 
0.60

 
 
1,665,705

1,830

 
0.44

 
Noninterest-bearing deposits
400,671

 
 
 
 
 
429,622

 
 
 
 
Trading liabilities – equity instruments(d)
20,747

 
 
 
 
 
16,528

 
 
 
 
Trading liabilities – derivative payables
54,048

 
 
 
 
 
64,249

 
 
 
 
All other liabilities, including the allowance for lending-related commitments
75,336

 
 
 
 
 
80,515

 
 
 
 
Total liabilities
2,190,692

 
 
 
 
 
2,256,619

 
 
 
 
Stockholders’ equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Preferred stock
26,068

 
 
 
 
 
23,476

 
 
 
 
Common stockholders’ equity
224,429

 
 
 
 
 
213,738

 
 
 
 
Total stockholders’ equity
250,497

 
 
 
 
 
237,214

 
 
 
 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
2,441,189

 
 
 
 
 
$
2,493,833

 
 
 
 
Interest rate spread
 
 
 
2.13
 %
 
 
 
 
 
2.00
 %
 
Net interest income and net yield on interest-earning assets
 
$
11,652

 
2.25

 
 
 
$
10,956

 
2.09

 
(a)
Represents securities which are tax exempt for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
(b)
Includes margin loans.
(c)
Includes brokerage customer payables.
(d)
Included trading liabilities – debt and equity instruments of $95,151 million and $83,180 million for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 respectively.
(e)
Interest includes the effect of certain related hedging derivatives. Taxable-equivalent amounts are used where applicable.
(f)
Negative interest income and yield is a result of increased client-driven demand for certain securities combined with the impact of low interest rates; this is matched book activity and the negative interest expense on the corresponding securities loaned is recognized in interest expense and reported within trading liabilities – debt, short-term and other liabilities.
(g)
For the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, the annualized rates for securities, based on amortized cost, were 3.00% and 2.83%, respectively; this does not give effect to changes in fair value that are reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss).

167


JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Consolidated average balance sheets, interest and rates
(Taxable-equivalent interest and rates; in millions, except rates)
 
 
 
 
 
Six months ended June 30, 2016
 
Six months ended June 30, 2015
 
Average
balance
Interest(e)
 
Rate
(annualized)
 
Average
balance
Interest(e)
 
Rate
(annualized)
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits with banks
$
371,600

$
926

 
0.5
 %
 
 
$
458,862

$
653

 
0.29
 %
 
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
203,433

1,130

 
1.12

 
 
211,415

736

 
0.70

 
Securities borrowed
102,565

(188
)
(f) 
(0.37
)
 
 
109,177

(279
)
(f) 
(0.52
)
 
Trading assets – debt instruments
212,047

3,594

 
3.41

 
 
209,443

3,510

 
3.38

 
Taxable securities
238,008

2,822

 
2.38

 
 
288,688

3,333

 
2.33

 
Nontaxable securities(a)
44,257

1,336

 
6.07

 
 
40,735

1,231

 
6.09

 
Total securities
282,265

4,158

 
2.96

(g) 
 
329,423

4,564

 
2.79

(g) 
Loans
850,126

17,939

 
4.24

 
 
765,967

16,120

 
4.24

 
Other assets(b)
39,718

404

 
2.05

 
 
38,791

320

 
1.66

 
Total interest-earning assets
2,061,754

27,963

 
2.73

 
 
2,123,078

25,624

 
2.43

 
Allowance for loan losses
(13,810
)
 
 
 
 
 
(14,067
)
 
 
 
 
Cash and due from banks
18,450

 
 
 
 
 
23,963

 
 
 
 
Trading assets – equity instruments
92,453

 
 
 
 
 
114,893

 
 
 
 
Trading assets – derivative receivables
70,237

 
 
 
 
 
78,825

 
 
 
 
Goodwill
47,320

 
 
 
 
 
47,488

 
 
 
 
Mortgage servicing rights
5,715

 
 
 
 
 
6,876

 
 
 
 
Other intangible assets
957

 
 
 
 
 
1,138

 
 
 
 
Other assets
134,979

 
 
 
 
 
142,797

 
 
 
 
Total assets
$
2,418,055

 
 
 
 
 
$
2,524,991

 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing deposits
$
899,689

$
641

 
0.14
 %
 
 
$
886,828

$
672

 
0.15
 %
 
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
174,050

542

 
0.63

 
 
200,145

285

 
0.29

 
Commercial paper
17,499

71

 
0.82

 
 
54,486

64

 
0.24

 
Trading liabilities – debt, short-term and other liabilities(c)(d)
198,187

541

 
0.55

 
 
218,275

327

 
0.30

 
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
39,125

231

 
1.19

 
 
51,142

208

 
0.82

 
Long-term debt
289,943

2,612

 
1.81

 
 
280,561

2,162

 
1.55

 
Total interest-bearing liabilities
1,618,493

4,638

 
0.58

 
 
1,691,437

3,718

 
0.44

 
Noninterest-bearing deposits
399,929

 
 
 
 
 
430,898

 
 
 
 
Trading liabilities – equity instruments(d)
19,625

 
 
 
 
 
17,365

 
 
 
 
Trading liabilities – derivative payables
57,319

 
 
 
 
 
70,116

 
 
 
 
All other liabilities, including the allowance for lending-related commitments
73,626

 
 
 
 
 
79,968

 
 
 
 
Total liabilities
2,168,992

 
 
 
 
 
2,289,784

 
 
 
 
Stockholders’ equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Preferred stock
26,068

 
 
 
 
 
22,158

 
 
 
 
Common stockholders’ equity
222,995

 
 
 
 
 
213,049

 
 
 
 
Total stockholders’ equity
249,063

 
 
 
 
 
235,207

 
 
 
 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
2,418,055

 
 
 
 
 
$
2,524,991

 
 
 
 
Interest rate spread
 
 
 
2.15
 %
 
 
 
 
 
1.99
 %
 
Net interest income and net yield on interest-earning assets
 
$
23,325

 
2.28

 
 
 
$
21,906

 
2.08

 
(a)
Represents securities which are tax exempt for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
(b)
Includes margin loans.
(c)
Includes brokerage customer payables.
(d)
Included trading liabilities - debt and equity instruments of $91,434 million and $83,680 million for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
(e)
Interest includes the effect of related hedging derivatives. Taxable-equivalent amounts are used where applicable.
(f)
Negative interest income and yield is a result of increased client-driven demand for certain securities combined with the impact of low interest rates; this is matched book activity and the negative interest expense on the corresponding securities loaned is recognized in interest expense and reported within trading liabilities - debt, short-term and other liabilities.
(g)
For the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, the annualized rates for securities, based on amortized cost, were 3.01% and 2.86% respectively; this does not give effect to changes in fair value that are reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss).

168


GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ACRONYMS
2015 Annual Report or 2015 Form 10-K: Annual report on Form 10-K for year ended December 31, 2015, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
ABS: Asset-backed securities
Active foreclosures: Loans referred to foreclosure where formal foreclosure proceedings are ongoing. Includes both judicial and non-judicial states.
AFS: Available-for-sale
Allowance for loan losses to total loans: Represents period-end allowance for loan losses divided by retained loans.
AM: Asset Management
AOCI: Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
ARM: Adjustable rate mortgage(s)
AUC: Assets under custody
AUM: Assets under management
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs: Represents the interest of third-party holders of debt, equity securities, or other obligations, issued by VIEs that JPMorgan Chase consolidates.
Benefit obligation: Refers to the projected benefit obligation for pension plans and the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation for OPEB plans.
BHC: Bank holding company
CB: Commercial Banking
CBB: Consumer & Business Banking
CCAR: Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review
SCCL: single-counterparty credit limits
CCB: Consumer & Community Banking
CCP: “Central counterparty” is a clearing house that interposes itself between counterparties to contracts traded in one or more financial markets, becoming the buyer to every seller and the seller to every buyer and thereby ensuring the future performance of open contracts. A CCP becomes counterparty to trades with market participants through novation, an open offer system, or another legally binding arrangement.
CDS: Credit default swaps
CEO: Chief Executive Officer
CET1 Capital: Common Equity Tier 1 Capital
CFTC: Commodity Futures Trading Commission
CFO: Chief Financial Officer
Chase Bank USA, N.A.: Chase Bank USA, National Association
CIB: Corporate & Investment Bank
CIO: Chief Investment Office
Client deposits and other third party liabilities: Deposits,
 
as well as deposits that are swept to on-balance sheet liabilities (e.g., commercial paper, federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements) as part of client cash management programs. During the third quarter 2015 the Firm completed the discontinuation of its commercial paper customer sweep cash management program.
CLO: Collateralized loan obligations
CLTV: Combined loan-to-value
Commercial Card provides a wide range of payment services to corporate and public sector clients worldwide through the commercial card products. Services include procurement, corporate travel and entertainment, expense management services, and business-to-business payment solutions.
COO: Chief Operating Officer
Core loans: Loans considered central to the Firm’s ongoing businesses; core loans exclude loans classified as trading assets, runoff portfolios, discontinued portfolios and portfolios the Firm has an intent to exit.
Credit derivatives: Financial instruments whose value is derived from the credit risk associated with the debt of a third party issuer (the reference entity) which allow one party (the protection purchaser) to transfer that risk to another party (the protection seller). Upon the occurrence of a credit event by the reference entity, which may include, among other events, the bankruptcy or failure to pay its obligations, or certain restructurings of the debt of the reference entity, neither party has recourse to the reference entity. The protection purchaser has recourse to the protection seller for the difference between the face value of the CDS contract and the fair value at the time of settling the credit derivative contract. The determination as to whether a credit event has occurred is generally made by the relevant ISDA Determinations Committee.
Criticized: Criticized loans, lending-related commitments and derivative receivables that are classified as special mention, substandard and doubtful categories for regulatory purposes and are generally consistent with a rating of CCC+/Caa1 and below, as defined by S&P and Moody’s.
CRO: Chief Risk Officer
CVA: Credit valuation adjustments
DFAST: Dodd-Frank Act Stress Test
Dodd-Frank Act: Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
DOJ: U.S. Department of Justice
DOL: U.S. Department of Labor
DVA: Debit valuation adjustment
E&P: Exploration & Production
EC: European Commission


169


Eligible LTD: Long-term debt satisfying certain eligibility criteria
ERISA: Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974
EPS: Earnings per share
Exchange-traded derivatives: Derivative contracts that are executed on an exchange and settled via a central clearing house.
FASB: Financial Accounting Standards Board
Fannie Mae: Federal National Mortgage Association
FCA: Financial Conduct Authority
FCC: Firmwide Control Committee
FDIA: Federal Depository Insurance Act
FDIC: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Federal Reserve: The Board of the Governors of the Federal Reserve System
Fee share: Proportion of fee revenue based on estimates of investment banking fees generated across the industry from investment banking transactions in M&A, equity and debt underwriting, and loan syndications. Source: Dealogic, a third party provider of investment banking fee competitive analysis and volume-based league tables for the above noted industry products.
FFELP: Federal Family Education Loan Program
FFIEC: Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council
FHA: Federal Housing Administration
FHLB: Federal Home Loan Bank
FICO score: A measure of consumer credit risk provided by credit bureaus, typically produced from statistical models by Fair Isaac Corporation utilizing data collected by the credit bureaus.
Firm: JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Forward points: Represents the interest rate differential between two currencies, which is either added to or subtracted from the current exchange rate (i.e., “spot rate”) to determine the forward exchange rate.
FSB: Financial Stability Board
FTE: Fully taxable equivalent
FVA: Funding valuation adjustment
FX: Foreign exchange
G7: Group of Seven nations. Countries in the G7 are Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the U.K. and the U.S.
G7 government bonds: Bonds issued by the government of one of the G7 nations.
Ginnie Mae: Government National Mortgage Association
GSE: Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac
GSIB: Globally systemically important banks
HAMP: Home affordable modification program
 
Headcount-related expense: Includes salary and benefits (excluding performance-based incentives), and other     noncompensation costs related to employees.
HELOAN: Home equity loan
HELOC: Home equity line of credit
Home equity – senior lien: Represents loans and commitments where JPMorgan Chase holds the first security interest on the property.
Home equity – junior lien: Represents loans and commitments where JPMorgan Chase holds a security interest that is subordinate in rank to other liens.
HQLA: High quality liquid assets
HTM: Held-to-maturity
IDI: Insured depository institutions
Impaired loan: Impaired loans are loans measured at amortized cost, for which it is probable that the Firm will be unable to collect all amounts due, including principal and interest, according to the contractual terms of the agreement. Impaired loans include the following:
All wholesale nonaccrual loans
All TDRs (both wholesale and consumer), including ones that have returned to accrual status
Interchange income: A fee paid to a credit card issuer in the clearing and settlement of a sales or cash advance transaction.
Investment-grade: An indication of credit quality based on JPMorgan Chase’s internal risk assessment system. “Investment grade” generally represents a risk profile similar to a rating of a “BBB-”/“Baa3” or better, as defined by independent rating agencies.
ISDA: International Swaps and Derivatives Association
JPMorgan Chase: JPMorgan Chase & Co.
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.: JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association
JPMorgan Clearing: J.P. Morgan Clearing Corp.
JPMorgan Securities: J.P. Morgan Securities LLC
LCR: Liquidity coverage ratio
LGD: Loss given default
LLC: Limited Liability Company
LOB: Line of business
LIBOR: London Interbank Offered Rate
LTD: Life-to-date
LTIP: Long-term incentive plan
LTV: Loan-to-value ratio. For residential real estate loans, the relationship, expressed as a percentage, between the principal amount of a loan and the appraised value of the collateral (i.e., residential real estate) securing the loan.


170


Origination date LTV ratio
The LTV ratio at the origination date of the loan. Origination date LTV ratios are calculated based on the actual appraised values of collateral (i.e., loan-level data) at the origination date.
Current estimated LTV ratio
An estimate of the LTV as of a certain date. The current estimated LTV ratios are calculated using estimated collateral values derived from a nationally recognized home price index measured at the MSA level. These MSA-level home price indices consist of actual data to the extent available and forecasted data where actual data is not available. As a result, the estimated collateral values used to calculate these ratios do not represent actual appraised loan-level collateral values; as such, the resulting LTV ratios are necessarily imprecise and should therefore be viewed as estimates.
Combined LTV ratio
The LTV ratio considering all available lien positions, as well as unused lines, related to the property. Combined LTV ratios are used for junior lien home equity products.
Managed basis: A non-GAAP presentation of financial results that includes reclassifications to present revenue on a fully taxable-equivalent basis. Management uses this non- GAAP financial measure at the segment level, because it believes this provides information to enable investors to understand the underlying operational performance and trends of the particular business segment and facilitates a comparison of the business segment with the performance of competitors.
Master netting agreement: An agreement between two counterparties who have multiple contracts with each other that provides for the net settlement of all contracts, as well as cash collateral, through a single payment, in a single currency, in the event of default on or termination of any one contract.
MBS: Mortgage-backed securities
MD&A: Management discussion and analysis
MMDA: Money Market Deposit Accounts
Moody’s: Moody’s Investor Services
Mortgage product types:
Alt-A
Alt-A loans are generally higher in credit quality than subprime loans but have characteristics that would disqualify the borrower from a traditional prime loan. Alt-A lending characteristics may include one or more of the following: (i) limited documentation; (ii) a high CLTV ratio; (iii) loans secured by non-owner occupied properties; or (iv) a debt-to-income ratio above normal limits. A substantial proportion of the Firm’s Alt-A loans are those where a borrower does not provide complete documentation of his or her assets or the amount or source of his or her income.
 
Option ARMs
The option ARM real estate loan product is an adjustable-rate mortgage loan that provides the borrower with the option each month to make a fully amortizing, interest-only or minimum payment. The minimum payment on an option ARM loan is based on the interest rate charged during the introductory period. This introductory rate is usually significantly below the fully indexed rate. The fully indexed rate is calculated using an index rate plus a margin. Once the introductory period ends, the contractual interest rate charged on the loan increases to the fully indexed rate and adjusts monthly to reflect movements in the index. The minimum payment is typically insufficient to cover interest accrued in the prior month, and any unpaid interest is deferred and added to the principal balance of the loan. Option ARM loans are subject to payment recast, which converts the loan to a variable-rate fully amortizing loan upon meeting specified loan balance and anniversary date triggers.
Prime
Prime mortgage loans are made to borrowers with good credit records who meet specific underwriting requirements, including prescriptive requirements related to income and overall debt levels. New prime mortgage borrowers provide full documentation and generally have reliable payment histories.
Subprime
Subprime loans are loans that, prior to mid-2008, were offered to certain customers with one or more high risk characteristics, including but not limited to: (i) unreliable or poor payment histories; (ii) a high LTV ratio of greater than 80% (without borrower-paid mortgage insurance); (iii) a high debt-to-income ratio; (iv) an occupancy type for the loan is other than the borrower’s primary residence; or (v) a history of delinquencies or late payments on the loan.
MSA: Metropolitan statistical areas
MSR: Mortgage servicing rights
NA: Data is not applicable or available for the period presented.
Net Capital Rule: Rule 15c3-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Net charge-off/(recovery) rate: Represents net charge-offs/(recoveries) (annualized) divided by average retained loans for the reporting period.
Net yield on interest-earning assets: The average rate for interest-earning assets less the average rate paid for all sources of funds.
NM: Not meaningful.
NOL: Net operating loss
Nonaccrual loans: Loans for which interest income is not recognized on an accrual basis. Loans (other than credit card loans and certain consumer loans insured by U.S. government agencies) are placed on nonaccrual status when management believes full payment of principal and


171


interest is not expected, regardless of delinquency status, or when principal and interest has been in default for a period of 90 days or more unless the loan is both well-secured and in the process of collection. Collateral-dependent loans are typically maintained on nonaccrual status.
Nonperforming assets: Nonperforming assets include nonaccrual loans, nonperforming derivatives and certain assets acquired in loan satisfaction, predominantly real estate owned and other commercial and personal property.
NOW: Negotiable Order of Withdrawal
NSFR: Net stable funding ratio
OAS: Option-adjusted spread
OCC: Office of the controller of the currency
OCI: Other comprehensive income
OEP: One Equity Partners
OIS: Overnight index swap
OPEB: Other postretirement employee benefit
OTC: Over-the-counter derivatives: Derivative contracts that are negotiated, executed and settled bilaterally between two derivative counterparties, where one or both counterparties is a derivatives dealer.
OTC cleared: Over-the-counter cleared derivatives: Derivative contracts that are negotiated and executed bilaterally, but subsequently settled via a central clearing house, such that each derivative counterparty is only exposed to the default of that clearing house.
OTTI: Other-than-temporary impairment
Overhead ratio: Noninterest expense as a percentage of total net revenue.
Parent Company: JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Participating securities: Represents unvested stock-based compensation awards containing nonforfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents (collectively, “dividends”), which are included in the earnings per share calculation using the two-class method. JPMorgan Chase grants restricted stock and RSUs to certain employees under its stock-based compensation programs, which entitle the recipients to receive nonforfeitable dividends during the vesting period on a basis equivalent to the dividends paid to holders of common stock. These unvested awards meet the definition of participating securities. Under the two-class method, all earnings (distributed and undistributed) are allocated to each class of common stock and participating securities, based on their respective rights to receive dividends.
PCA: Prompt corrective action
PCI: “Purchased credit-impaired” loans represents loans that were acquired in the Washington Mutual transaction and deemed to be credit-impaired on the acquisition date in accordance with the guidance of the FASB. The guidance allows purchasers to aggregate credit-impaired loans acquired in the same fiscal quarter into one or more pools,
 
provided that the loans have common risk characteristics (e.g., product type, LTV ratios, FICO scores, past due status, geographic location). A pool is then accounted for as a single asset with a single composite interest rate and an aggregate expectation of cash flows.
PD: Probability of default
PRA: Prudential Regulatory Authority
Pre-provision profit/(loss): Represents total net revenue less noninterest expense. The Firm believes that this financial measure is useful in assessing the ability of a lending institution to generate income in excess of its provision for credit losses.
Principal transactions revenue: Principal transactions revenue includes realized and unrealized gains and losses recorded on derivatives, other financial instruments, private equity investments, and physical commodities used in market-making and client-driven activities. In addition, Principal transactions revenue also includes certain realized and unrealized gains and losses related to hedge accounting and specified risk management activities including: (a) certain derivatives designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships (primarily fair value hedges of commodity and foreign exchange risk), (b) certain derivatives used for specified risk management purposes, primarily to mitigate credit risk, foreign exchange risk and commodity risk, and (c) other derivatives.
PSU(s): Performance share units
Receivables from customers: Primarily represents margin loans to prime and retail brokerage customers which are included in accrued interest and accounts receivable on the Consolidated balance sheets.
Regulatory VaR: Daily aggregated VaR calculated in accordance with regulatory rules.
REO: Real estate owned
Reported basis: Financial statements prepared under U.S. GAAP, which excludes the impact of taxable-equivalent adjustments.
Retained loans: Loans that are held-for-investment (i.e. excludes loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value).
RHS: Rural Housing Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture
RWA: Risk-weighted assets: Basel III establishes two comprehensive methodologies for calculating RWA (a Standardized approach and an Advanced approach) which include capital requirements for credit risk, market risk, and in the case of Basel III Advanced, also operational risk. Key differences in the calculation of credit risk RWA between the Standardized and Advanced approaches are that for Basel III Advanced, credit risk RWA is based on risk-sensitive approaches which largely rely on the use of internal credit models and parameters, whereas for Basel III Standardized, credit risk RWA is generally based on supervisory risk-weightings which vary primarily by counterparty type and asset class. Market risk RWA is calculated on a generally


172


consistent basis between Basel III Standardized and Basel III Advanced.
ROE: Return on equity
ROTCE: Return on tangible common equity
RSU(s): Restricted stock units
S&P: Standard and Poor’s 500 Index
SAR(s): Stock appreciation rights
SEC: Securities and Exchange Commission
Seed capital: Initial JPMorgan capital invested in products, such as mutual funds, with the intention of ensuring the fund is of sufficient size to represent a viable offering to clients, enabling pricing of its shares, and allowing the manager to develop a track record. After these goals are achieved, the intent is to remove the Firm’s capital from the investment.
Short sale: A short sale is a sale of real estate in which proceeds from selling the underlying property are less than the amount owed the Firm under the terms of the related mortgage and the related lien is released upon receipt of such proceeds.
Single-name: Single reference-entities
SLR: Supplementary leverage ratio
SMBS: Stripped mortgage-backed securities
SOA: Society of Actuaries
SPEs: Special purpose entities
Structural interest rate risk: Represents interest rate risk of the non-trading assets and liabilities of the Firm.
Structured notes: Structured notes are predominantly financial instruments containing embedded derivatives. Where present, the embedded derivative is the primary driver of risk.
Suspended foreclosures: Loans referred to foreclosure where formal foreclosure proceedings have started but are currently on hold, which could be due to bankruptcy or loss mitigation. Includes both judicial and non-judicial states.
Taxable-equivalent basis: In presenting managed results, the total net revenue for each of the business segments and the Firm is presented on a tax-equivalent basis. Accordingly, revenue from investments that receive tax credits and tax-exempt securities is presented in the managed results on a basis comparable to taxable investments and securities; the
 
corresponding income tax impact related to tax-exempt items is recorded within income tax expense.
TBVPS: Tangible book value per share
TCE: Tangible common equity
TDR: “Troubled debt restructuring” is deemed to occur when the Firm modifies the original terms of a loan agreement by granting a concession to a borrower that is experiencing financial difficulty.
TLAC: Total Loss Absorbing Capacity
U.K.: United Kingdom
Unaudited: Financial statements and information that have not been subjected to auditing procedures sufficient to permit an independent certified public accountant to express an opinion.
U.S.: United States of America
U.S. GAAP: Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
U.S. GSEs and U.S. GSE obligations: In the U.S., GSEs are quasi-governmental, privately-held entities established by Congress to improve the flow of credit to specific sectors of the economy and provide certain essential services to the public. U.S. GSEs include Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, but do not include Ginnie Mae, which is directly owned by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. U.S. GSE obligations are not explicitly guaranteed as to the timely payment of principal and interest by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government.
U.S. LCR: Liquidity coverage ratio under the final U.S. rule.
U.S. Treasury: U.S. Department of the Treasury
VA: U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
VaR: “Value-at-risk” is a measure of the dollar amount of potential loss from adverse market moves in an ordinary market environment.
VIEs: Variable interest entities
Warehouse loans: Consist of prime mortgages originated with the intent to sell that are accounted for at fair value and classified as trading assets.
Washington Mutual transaction: On September 25, 2008, JPMorgan Chase acquired certain of the assets of the banking operations of Washington Mutual Bank (“Washington Mutual”) from the FDIC.



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LINE OF BUSINESS METRICS
CONSUMER & COMMUNITY BANKING (“CCB”)
Households – A household is a collection of individuals or entities aggregated together by name, address, tax identifier and phone. Reported on a one-month lag.
Deposit margin/deposit spread - Represents net interest income expressed as a percentage of average deposits.
Mortgage Production and Mortgage Servicing revenue comprises the following:
Net production revenue includes net gains or losses on originations and sales of mortgage loans, other production-related fees and losses related to the repurchase of previously-sold loans.
Net mortgage servicing revenue includes the following components:
a) Operating revenue predominantly represents the return on Mortgage Servicing’s MSR asset and includes:
Actual gross income earned from servicing third-party mortgage loans, such as contractually specified servicing fees and ancillary income; and
The change in the fair value of the MSR asset due to the collection or realization of expected cash flows.
b) Risk management represents the components of Mortgage Servicing’s MSR asset that are subject to ongoing risk management activities, together with derivatives and other instruments used in those risk management activities.
Mortgage origination channels comprise the following:
Retail – Borrowers who buy or refinance a home through direct contact with a mortgage banker employed by the Firm using a branch office, the Internet or by phone. Borrowers are frequently referred to a mortgage banker by a banker in a Chase branch, real estate brokers, home builders or other third parties.
Correspondent – Banks, thrifts, other mortgage banks and other financial institutions that sell closed loans to the Firm.
Card Services includes the Credit Card and Commerce Solutions businesses.
Commerce Solutions is a business that primarily processes transactions for merchants.
Sales volume – Dollar amount of cardmember purchases, net of returns.
Net revenue rate – Represents Card Services net revenue (annualized) expressed as a percentage of average loans for the period.
Auto loan and lease origination volume Dollar amount of auto loans and leases originated.
 
CORPORATE & INVESTMENT BANK (“CIB”)
Definition of selected CIB revenue:
Investment Banking incorporates all revenue associated with investment banking activities, and is reported net of investment banking revenue shared with other lines of business.
Treasury Services offers a broad range of products and services that enable clients to manage payments and receipts, as well as invest and manage funds. Products include U.S. dollar and multi-currency clearing, ACH, lockbox, disbursement and reconciliation services, check deposits, and currency-related services.
Lending includes net interest income, fees, gains or losses on loan sale activity, gains or losses on securities received as part of a loan restructuring, and the risk management results related to the credit portfolio. Lending also includes Trade Finance, which includes loans tied directly to goods crossing borders, export/import loans, commercial letters of credit, standby letters of credit, and supply chain finance.
Fixed Income Markets primarily include revenue related to market-making across global fixed income markets, including foreign exchange, interest rate, credit and commodities markets.
Equity Markets primarily include revenue related to market-making across global equity products, including cash instruments, derivatives, convertibles and Prime Services.
Securities Services includes primarily custody, fund accounting and administration, and securities lending products sold principally to asset managers, insurance companies and public and private investment funds. Also includes clearance, collateral management and depositary receipts business which provides broker-dealer clearing and custody services, including tri-party repo transactions, collateral management products, and depositary bank services for American and global depositary receipt programs.
Description of certain business metrics:
Assets under custody (“AUC”) represents activities associated with the safekeeping and servicing of assets on which Securities Services earns fees.
Investment banking fees include advisory, equity underwriting, bond underwriting and loan syndication fees.


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COMMERCIAL BANKING (“CB”)
CB is divided into four primary client segments: Middle Market Banking, Corporate Client Banking, Commercial Term Lending, and Real Estate Banking.
Middle Market Banking covers corporate, municipal and nonprofit clients, with annual revenue generally ranging between $20 million and $500 million.
Corporate Client Banking covers clients with annual revenue generally ranging between $500 million and $2 billion and focuses on clients that have broader investment banking needs.
Commercial Term Lending primarily provides term financing to real estate investors/owners for multifamily properties as well as office, retail and industrial properties.
Real Estate Banking provides full-service banking to investors and developers of institutional-grade real estate investment properties.
Other primarily includes lending and investment-related activities within the Community Development Banking business.
CB product revenue comprises the following:
Lending includes a variety of financing alternatives, which are primarily provided on a secured basis; collateral includes receivables, inventory, equipment, real estate or other assets. Products include term loans, revolving lines of credit, bridge financing, asset-based structures, leases, and standby letters of credit.
Treasury services includes revenue from a broad range of products and services that enable CB clients to manage payments and receipts, as well as invest and manage funds.
Investment banking includes revenue from a range of products providing CB clients with sophisticated capital-raising alternatives, as well as balance sheet and risk management tools through advisory, equity underwriting, and loan syndications. Revenue from Fixed income and Equity market products used by CB clients is also included.
Other product revenue primarily includes tax-equivalent adjustments generated from Community Development Banking activity and certain income derived from principal transactions.
 
ASSET MANAGEMENT (“AM”)
Assets under management – Represent assets managed by AM on behalf of its Private Banking, Institutional and Retail clients. Includes “Committed capital not Called,” on which AM earns fees.
Client assets – Represent assets under management, as well as custody, brokerage, administration and deposit accounts.
Multi-asset – Any fund or account that allocates assets under management to more than one asset class.
Alternative assets – The following types of assets constitute alternative investments – hedge funds, currency, real estate, private equity and other investment funds designed to focus on nontraditional strategies.
AM’s lines of business consist of the following:
Global Investment Management provides comprehensive global investment services - including asset management, pension analytics, asset-liability management and active risk-budgeting strategies.
Global Wealth Management offers investment advice and wealth management, including investment management, capital markets and risk management, tax and estate planning, banking, lending and specialty-wealth advisory services.
AM’s client segments consist of the following:
Private Banking clients include high- and ultra-high-net-worth individuals, families, money managers, business owners and small corporations worldwide.
Institutional clients include both corporate and public institutions, endowments, foundations, nonprofit organizations and governments worldwide.
Retail clients include financial intermediaries and individual investors.


175


J.P. Morgan Asset Management has two high-level measures of its overall fund performance:
Percentage of mutual fund assets under management in funds rated 4- or 5-star: Mutual fund rating services rank funds based on their risk-adjusted performance over various periods. A 5-star rating is the best rating and represents the top 10% of industry-wide ranked funds.
A 4-star rating represents the next 22.5% of industry-wide ranked funds. A 3-star rating represents the next 35% of industry-wide ranked funds. A 2-star rating represents the next 22.5% of industry-wide ranked funds. A 1-star rating is the worst rating and represents the bottom 10% of industry-wide ranked funds. The “overall Morningstar rating” is derived from a weighted average of the performance associated with a fund’s three-, five- and ten-year (if applicable) Morningstar Rating metrics. For U.S. domiciled funds, separate star ratings are given at the individual share class level. The Nomura “star rating” is based on three-year risk-adjusted performance only. Funds with fewer than three years of history are not rated and hence excluded from this analysis. All ratings, the assigned peer categories and the asset values used to derive this analysis are sourced from these fund rating providers. The data providers re-denominate the asset values into U.S. dollars. This % of AUM is based on star ratings at the share class level for U.S. domiciled funds, and at a “primary share class” level to represent the star rating of all other funds except for Japan where Nomura provides ratings at the fund level. The “primary share class”, as defined by Morningstar, denotes the share class recommended as being the best proxy for the portfolio and in most cases will be the most retail version (based upon annual management charge, minimum investment, currency and other factors). The performance data could have been different if all funds/accounts would have been included. Past performance is not indicative of future results.
 
Percentage of mutual fund assets under management in funds ranked in the 1st or 2nd quartile (one, three and five years): All quartile rankings, the assigned peer categories and the asset values used to derive this analysis are sourced from the fund ranking providers. Quartile rankings are done on the net-of-fee absolute return of each fund. The data providers re-denominate the asset values into U.S. dollars. This % of AUM is based on fund performance and associated peer rankings at the share class level for U.S. domiciled funds, at a “primary share class” level to represent the quartile ranking of the U.K., Luxembourg and Hong Kong funds and at the fund level for all other funds. The “primary share class”, as defined by Morningstar, denotes the share class recommended as being the best proxy for the portfolio and in most cases will be the most retail version (based upon annual management charge, minimum investment, currency and other factors). Where peer group rankings given for a fund are in more than one “primary share class” territory both rankings are included to reflect local market competitiveness (applies to “Offshore Territories” and “HK SFC Authorized” funds only). The performance data could have been different if all funds/accounts would have been included. Past performance is not indicative of future results.



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Item 3.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
For a discussion of the quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk, see the Market Risk Management section of Management’s discussion and analysis on pages 58–61 of this Form 10-Q and pages 133–139 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report.
Item 4.    Controls and Procedures.
As of the end of the period covered by this report, an evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of the Firm’s management, including its Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based on that evaluation, the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures were effective. See Exhibits 31.1 and 31.2 for the Certification statements issued by the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer.
The Firm is committed to maintaining high standards of internal control over financial reporting. Nevertheless, because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. In addition, in a firm as large and complex as JPMorgan Chase, lapses or deficiencies in internal controls do occur from time to time, and there can be no assurance that any such deficiencies will not result in significant deficiencies or material weaknesses in internal controls in the future. For further information, see “Management’s report on internal control over financial reporting” on page 174 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report. There was no change in the Firm’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that occurred during the three months ended June 30, 2016, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Firm’s internal control over financial reporting.
Part II – Other Information
Item 1.    Legal Proceedings.
For information that updates the disclosures set forth under Part I, Item 3: Legal Proceedings, in the Firm’s 2015 Annual Report on Form 10-K, see the discussion of the Firm’s material legal proceedings in Note 23 of this Form 10-Q.
Item 1A.    Risk Factors.
For a discussion of certain risk factors affecting the Firm, see Part I, Item 1A: Risk Factors on pages 8–18 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2015 Annual Report on Form 10-K and Forward-Looking Statements on page 80 of this Form 10-Q.

 
Item 2.    Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
During the three months ended June 30, 2016, there were no shares of common stock of JPMorgan Chase & Co. issued in transactions exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, pursuant to Section 4(2) thereof.
Repurchases under the common equity repurchase program
On March 17, 2016, the Firm announced that its Board of Directors had authorized the repurchase of up to an additional $1.9 billion of common equity (common stock and warrants) through June 30, 2016 under its equity repurchase program. This amount is in addition to the $6.4 billion of common equity that was previously authorized for repurchase between April 1, 2015 and June 30, 2016.
Following receipt of the Federal Reserve’s non-objection to the Firm’s 2016 capital plan submitted under CCAR, the Firm’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $10.6 billion of common equity (common stock and warrants) between July 1, 2016 and June 30, 2017. This authorization includes shares repurchased to offset issuances under the Firm’s equity-based compensation plans.
The following table sets forth the Firm’s repurchases of common equity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015. There were no warrants repurchased during the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015.
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
 
2016
2015
 
2016
2015
Total shares of common stock repurchased
 
45.8

19.2

 
75.0

51.7

Aggregate common stock repurchases
 
$
2,840

$
1,249

 
$
4,536

$
3,149

The Firm may, from time to time, enter into written trading plans under Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 to facilitate repurchases in accordance with the common equity repurchase program. A Rule 10b5-1 repurchase plan allows the Firm to repurchase its equity during periods when it would not otherwise be repurchasing common equity — for example, during internal trading blackout periods. All purchases under a Rule 10b5-1 plan must be made according to a predefined plan established when the Firm is not aware of material nonpublic information.


177


The authorization to repurchase common equity will be utilized at management’s discretion, and the timing of purchases and the exact amount of common equity that may be repurchased is subject to various factors, including market conditions; legal and regulatory considerations affecting the amount and timing of repurchase activity; the Firm’s capital position (taking into account goodwill and
 
intangibles); internal capital generation; and alternative investment opportunities. The repurchase program does not include specific price targets or timetables; may be executed through open market purchases or privately negotiated transactions, or utilizing Rule 10b5-1 programs; and may be suspended at any time.

Shares repurchased pursuant to the common equity repurchase program during the six months ended June 30, 2016, were as follows.
Three months ended June 30, 2016
Total shares of common stock repurchased
 
Average price paid per share of common stock(a)
 
Aggregate repurchases of common equity
 (in millions)(a)
 
Dollar value of remaining authorized repurchase
(in millions)(a)
 
First quarter
29,153,888

 
$
58.17

 
$
1,696

 
$
2,898

(b) 
April
17,831,180

 
60.16

 
1,073

 
1,825

 
May
14,092,821

 
62.53

 
881

 
944

 
June
13,931,463

 
63.59

 
886

 
58

 
Second quarter
45,855,464

 
61.93

 
2,840

 
58

 
Year-to-date
75,009,352

 
$
60.47

 
$
4,536

 
$
58

(c) 
(a)
Excludes commissions cost.
(b)
Dollar value remaining under the repurchase program including the additional $1.9 billion authorized by the Board of Directors on March 17, 2016.
(c)
The $58 million unused portion under the prior Board authorization was canceled when the $10.6 billion program was authorized.
Item 3.    Defaults Upon Senior Securities.
None.
Item 4.    Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not applicable.

Item 5.    Other Information.
None.


Item 6.    Exhibits.
Exhibit No.
 
Description of Exhibit
 
 
 
10.1
 
Terms and Conditions of Fixed Allowance (U.K.), as amended.(a)(b)
 
 
 
15
 
Letter re: Unaudited Interim Financial Information.(b)
 
 
 
31.1
 
Certification.(b)
 
 
 
31.2
 
Certification.(b)
 
 
 
32
 
Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.(c)
 
 
 
101.INS
 
XBRL Instance Document.(b)(d)
101.SCH
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.(b)
101.CAL
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.(b)
101.DEF
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.(b)
101.LAB
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.(b)
101.PRE
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.(b)
(a)
This exhibit is a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
(b)
Filed herewith.
(c)
Furnished herewith. This exhibit shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or otherwise subject to the liability of that Section. Such exhibit shall not be deemed incorporated into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
(d)
Pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T, includes the following financial information included in the Firm’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2016, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language) interactive data files: (i) the Consolidated statements of income (unaudited) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, (ii) the Consolidated statements of comprehensive income (unaudited) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, (iii) the Consolidated balance sheets (unaudited) as of June 30, 2016, and December 31, 2015, (iv) the Consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity (unaudited) for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, (v) the Consolidated statements of cash flows (unaudited) for the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).

178


SIGNATURE



Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
(Registrant)


By:
/s/ Mark W. O’Donovan
 
Mark W. O’Donovan
 
Managing Director and Corporate Controller
 
(Principal Accounting Officer)


Date:
August 3, 2016






179



INDEX TO EXHIBITS




Exhibit No.
 
Description of Exhibit
 
 
 
10.1
 
Terms and Conditions of Fixed Allowance (U.K.), as amended.
 
 
 
15
 
Letter re: Unaudited Interim Financial Information.
 
 
 
31.1
 
Certification.
 
 
 
31.2
 
Certification.
 
 
 
32
 
Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.†
 
 
 
101.INS
 
XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
 
 
 
 
This exhibit shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or otherwise subject to the liability of that Section. Such exhibit shall not be deemed incorporated into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.


180