CAR-2013.03.31-10Q
Table of Contents

 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
 Form 10-Q
x
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2013

OR
o
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from [ _____ ] to [ _____ ]            

Commission File No. 001-10308
 
Avis Budget Group, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) 
Delaware
 
06-0918165
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)
6 Sylvan Way
Parsippany, NJ
 
07054
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
(Zip Code)

(973) 496-4700
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x    No  o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
x
Accelerated filer
¨
Non-accelerated filer
o
Smaller reporting company
¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  o    No  x

The number of shares outstanding of the issuer’s common stock was 107,741,788 shares as of April 30, 2013.
 

Table of Contents

Table of Contents
 
 
Page
PART I
 
Item 1.
 
 
 
 
 
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
PART II
 
Item 1.
Item 6.
 

Table of Contents

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may be considered “forward-looking statements” as that term is defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The forward-looking statements contained herein are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties, assumptions and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by any such forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include information concerning our future financial performance, business strategy, projected plans and objectives. These statements may be identified by the fact that they do not relate to historical or current facts and may use words such as “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “may,” “would,” “intends,” “projects,” “estimates,” “plans,” and similar words, expressions or phrases. The following important factors and assumptions could affect our future results and could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in such forward-looking statements:

•
the high level of competition in the vehicle rental industry and the impact such competition may have on pricing and rental volume;

•
a change in our fleet costs as a result of a change in the cost of new vehicles, disruption in the supply of new vehicles, and/or a change in the price at which we dispose of used vehicles either in the used vehicle market or under repurchase or guaranteed depreciation programs;

•
risks relating to our March 2013 acquisition of Zipcar, Inc. (“Zipcar” ), including our ability to realize the synergies contemplated by the transaction and our ability to promptly and efficiently integrate the businesses of Zipcar and Avis Budget Group, Inc.;

•
the results of operations or financial condition of the manufacturers of our cars, which could impact their ability to perform their payment obligations under the agreements we have with them, including repurchase and/or guaranteed depreciation arrangements, and/or their willingness or ability to make cars available to us or the rental car industry as a whole on commercially reasonable terms or at all;

•
a change in travel demand, including changes in airline passenger traffic;

•
any change in economic conditions generally, particularly during our peak season or in key market segments;

•
our ability to continue to achieve and maintain cost savings and successfully implement our business strategies;

•
our ability to obtain financing for our global operations, including the funding of our vehicle fleet through the issuance of asset-backed securities and use of the global lending markets;

•
an occurrence or threat of terrorism, pandemic disease, natural disasters or military conflict in the locations in which we operate;

•
our dependence on third-party distribution channels, third-party suppliers of other services and co-marketing arrangements with third parties;

•
our ability to utilize derivative instruments, and the impact of derivative instruments we currently utilize, which can be affected by fluctuations in interest rates, gasoline prices and exchange rates, changes in government regulations and other factors;

•
our ability to accurately estimate our future results;

•
any major disruptions in our communication networks or information systems;

•
our exposure to uninsured claims in excess of historical levels;

•
our failure or inability to comply with laws, regulations or contractual obligations or any changes in laws, regulations or contractual obligations, including with respect to personally identifiable information;

•
any impact on us from the actions of our licensees, dealers and independent contractors;

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•
any substantial changes in the cost or supply of fuel, vehicle parts, energy, labor or other resources on which we depend to operate our business;

•
risks related to our indebtedness, including our substantial outstanding debt obligations and our ability to incur substantially more debt;

•
our ability to meet the financial and other covenants contained in the agreements governing our indebtedness;

•
the terms of agreements among us and our former real estate, hospitality and travel distribution businesses following the separation of those businesses from us in 2006, particularly with respect to the allocation of assets and liabilities, including contingent liabilities and guarantees, the ability of each of the separated companies to perform its obligations, including indemnification obligations, under these agreements, and the right of our former real estate business to control the process for resolving disputes related to contingent liabilities and assets;

•
risks associated with litigation or governmental or regulatory inquiries or investigations involving our Company;

•
risks related to tax obligations and the effect of future changes in accounting standards;

•
risks related to our October 2011 acquisition of Avis Europe plc (“Avis Europe”), including our ability to realize the synergies contemplated by the transaction;

•
risks related to completed or future acquisitions or investments that we may pursue, including any incurrence of incremental indebtedness to help fund such transactions and our ability to promptly and effectively integrate any acquired businesses; and

•
other business, economic, competitive, governmental, regulatory, political or technological factors affecting our operations, pricing or services.

We operate in a continuously changing business environment and new risk factors emerge from time to time. New risk factors, factors beyond our control, or changes in the impact of identified risk factors may cause actual results to differ materially from those set forth in any forward-looking statements. Accordingly, forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as a prediction of actual results. Moreover, we do not assume responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of those statements. Other factors and assumptions not identified above, including those discussed in “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”, “Risk Factors” and other portions of our 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K may contain forward-looking statements and involve uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Such statements are based upon assumptions and known risks and uncertainties.

Although we believe that our assumptions are reasonable, any or all of our forward-looking statements may prove to be inaccurate and we can make no guarantees about our future performance. Should unknown risks or uncertainties materialize or underlying assumptions prove inaccurate, actual results could differ materially from past results and/or those anticipated, estimated or projected. Except to the extent of our obligations under the federal securities laws, we undertake no obligation to release any revisions to any forward-looking statements, to report events or to report the occurrence of unanticipated events. For any forward-looking statements contained in any document, we claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.

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PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.
Financial Statements
Avis Budget Group, Inc.
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In millions, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
 
 
Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
 
2013
 
2012
Revenues
 
 
 
Vehicle rental
$
1,217

 
$
1,168

Other
474

 
455

Net revenues
1,691

 
1,623

 
 
 
 
Expenses
 
 
 
Operating
931

 
893

Vehicle depreciation and lease charges, net
386

 
318

Selling, general and administrative
224

 
219

Vehicle interest, net
57

 
74

Non-vehicle related depreciation and amortization
34

 
32

Interest expense related to corporate debt, net:
 
 
 
Interest expense
58

 
73

Early extinguishment of debt
40

 
27

Restructuring expense
10

 
7

Transaction-related costs
8

 
6

Total expenses
1,748

 
1,649

 
 
 
 
Loss before income taxes
(57
)
 
(26
)
Benefit from income taxes
(11
)
 
(3
)
 
 
 
 
Net loss
$
(46
)

$
(23
)
 
 
 
 
Comprehensive income (loss)
$
(69
)
 
$
21

 
 
 
 
Earnings (loss) per share
 
 
 
Basic
$
(0.43
)
 
$
(0.22
)
Diluted
$
(0.43
)
 
$
(0.22
)








See Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements (Unaudited).

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Avis Budget Group, Inc.
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS
(In millions, except share data)
(Unaudited)
 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
Assets
 
 
 
Current assets:
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
569

 
$
606

Receivables, net
591

 
553

Deferred income taxes
153

 
146

Other current assets
558

 
405

Total current assets
1,871

 
1,710

 
 
 
 
Property and equipment, net
559

 
529

Deferred income taxes
1,346

 
1,454

Goodwill
646

 
375

Other intangibles, net
910

 
731

Other non-current assets
361

 
320

Total assets exclusive of assets under vehicle programs
5,693

 
5,119

 
 
 
 
Assets under vehicle programs:
 
 
 
Program cash
53

 
24

Vehicles, net
10,162

 
9,274

Receivables from vehicle manufacturers and other
287

 
439

Investment in Avis Budget Rental Car Funding (AESOP) LLC—related party
362

 
362

 
10,864

 
10,099

Total assets
$
16,557

 
$
15,218

 
 
 
 
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
 
 
 
Current liabilities:
 
 
 
Accounts payable and other current liabilities
$
1,546

 
$
1,421

Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt
29

 
57

Total current liabilities
1,575

 
1,478

 
 
 
 
Long-term debt
3,318

 
2,848

Other non-current liabilities
884

 
871

Total liabilities exclusive of liabilities under vehicle programs
5,777

 
5,197

 
 
 
 
Liabilities under vehicle programs:
 
 
 
Debt
1,589

 
1,603

Debt due to Avis Budget Rental Car Funding (AESOP) LLC—related party
5,873

 
5,203

Deferred income taxes
2,126

 
2,163

Other
498

 
295

 
10,086

 
9,264

Commitments and contingencies (Note 13)

 

 
 
 
 
Stockholders’ equity:
 
 
 
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value—authorized 10 million shares; none issued and outstanding
—

 
—

Common stock, $0.01 par value—authorized 250 million shares; issued 137,081,056 and 137,081,056 shares
1

 
1

Additional paid-in capital
7,966

 
8,211

Accumulated deficit
(2,422
)
 
(2,376
)
Accumulated other comprehensive income
87

 
110

Treasury stock, at cost—28,943,192 and 30,027,146 shares
(4,938
)
 
(5,189
)
Total stockholders’ equity
694

 
757

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
16,557

 
$
15,218


See Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements (Unaudited).

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Avis Budget Group, Inc.
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In millions)
(Unaudited) 
 
Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
 
2013
 
2012
Operating activities
 
 
 
Net loss
$
(46
)
 
$
(23
)
 
 
 
 
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
 
Vehicle depreciation
353

 
331

Gain on sale of vehicles, net
—

 
(39
)
Non-vehicle related depreciation and amortization
34

 
32

Amortization of debt financing fees
11

 
16

Net change in assets and liabilities, excluding the impact of acquisitions and dispositions:
 
 
 
Receivables
(57
)
 
(28
)
Income taxes and deferred income taxes
(21
)
 
—

Accounts payable and other current liabilities
(35
)
 
(65
)
Other, net
61

 
29

Net cash provided by operating activities
300

 
253

 
 
 
 
Investing activities
 
 
 
Property and equipment additions
(21
)
 
(20
)
Proceeds received on asset sales
4

 
3

Net assets acquired, net of cash acquired
(476
)
 
—

Other, net
26

 
(1
)
Net cash used in investing activities exclusive of vehicle programs
(467
)
 
(18
)
 
 
 
 
Vehicle programs:
 
 
 
Increase in program cash
(24
)
 
(39
)
Investment in vehicles
(3,111
)
 
(3,053
)
Proceeds received on disposition of vehicles
2,394

 
2,143

 
(741
)
 
(949
)
Net cash used in investing activities
(1,208
)
 
(967
)


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Avis Budget Group, Inc.
CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Continued)
(In millions)

 
Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
 
2013
 
2012
Financing activities
 
 
 
Proceeds from long-term borrowings
1,225

 
624

Payments on long-term borrowings
(788
)
 
(520
)
Net change in short-term borrowings
(31
)
 
(12
)
Purchases of warrants
(28
)
 
(13
)
Proceeds from sale of call options
37

 
19

Debt financing fees
(10
)
 
(8
)
Other, net
2

 
—

Net cash provided by financing activities exclusive of vehicle programs
407

 
90

 
 
 
 
Vehicle programs:
 
 
 
Proceeds from borrowings
3,762

 
3,140

Payments on borrowings
(3,279
)
 
(2,440
)
Debt financing fees
(17
)
 
(7
)
 
466

 
693

Net cash provided by financing activities
873

 
783

 
 
 
 
Effect of changes in exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents
(2
)
 
3

 
 
 
 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
(37
)
 
72

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
606

 
534

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
$
569

 
$
606















See Notes to Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements (Unaudited).

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Avis Budget Group, Inc.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
(Unless otherwise noted, all dollar amounts in tables are in millions, except per share amounts)
 

1.
Basis of Presentation and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Basis of Presentation

Avis Budget Group, Inc. provides car and truck rentals and ancillary services to businesses and consumers worldwide. The accompanying unaudited Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements include the accounts and transactions of Avis Budget Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries (“Avis Budget”), as well as entities in which Avis Budget directly or indirectly has a controlling financial interest (collectively, the “Company”), and have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for interim financial reporting.

The Company operates the following business segments:

•
North America—provides car rentals in the United States and vehicle rentals in Canada, as well as related products and services, and operates the Company’s Zipcar business.

•
International—provides, and licenses the Company’s brands to third parties for, vehicle rentals and ancillary products and services primarily in Europe, the Middle East, Asia, Africa, South America, Central America, the Caribbean, Australia and New Zealand.

•
Truck Rental—provides truck rentals and related services to consumers and commercial users in the United States.

In presenting the Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and related disclosures. Estimates, by their nature, are based on judgment and available information. Accordingly, actual results could differ from those estimates. In management’s opinion, the Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements contain all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of interim results reported. The results of operations reported for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations for the entire year or any subsequent interim period. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Vehicle Programs.  The Company presents separately the financial data of its vehicle programs. These programs are distinct from the Company’s other activities since the assets under vehicle programs are generally funded through the issuance of debt that is collateralized by such assets. The income generated by these assets is used, in part, to repay the principal and interest associated with the debt. Cash inflows and outflows relating to the acquisition of such assets and the principal debt repayment or financing of such assets are classified as activities of the Company’s vehicle programs. The Company believes it is appropriate to segregate the financial data of its vehicle programs because, ultimately, the source of repayment of such debt is the realization of such assets.

Transaction-related Costs. The Company completed the acquisition of Zipcar, Inc. (“Zipcar”) on March 14, 2013. During the three months ended March 31, 2013, transaction-related costs primarily include costs related to the acquisition of Zipcar and expenses related to the integration of Avis Europe’s operations with the Company’s. In the three months ended March 31, 2012, transaction-related costs primarily included expenses due to the integration of Avis Europe’s operations with the Company’s.

Currency Transactions. The Company records the net gain or loss of foreign-currency transactions on certain intercompany loans and gain or loss on intercompany loan hedges within interest expense related to corporate debt, net. During the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company recorded losses of $4 million and $6 million, respectively, on such items.

Adoption of New Accounting Standards

On January 1, 2013, as a result of issuance of a new accounting pronouncement, the Company adopted, as required, Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2013-02, “Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other

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Comprehensive Income”, which requires companies to disclose additional information about amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income by component. The adoption of this pronouncement resulted in incremental disclosure about activity and amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income.

In addition, the Company adopted a pronouncement amending the testing of indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment. The Company adopted this accounting pronouncement on January 1, 2013, as required, which did not have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

2.
Restructuring

During fourth quarter 2012, the Company initiated a strategic restructuring initiative to better position the business of its Truck Rental segment, in which it will close certain rental locations and decrease the size of the rental fleet, which the Company believes will increase fleet utilization and reduce costs. During the three months ended March 31, 2013, as part of this process, the Company recorded restructuring expense of $4 million. The Company expects further restructuring expenses of approximately $8 million to be incurred in 2013 related to this initiative.

In 2011, subsequent to the acquisition of Avis Europe, the Company implemented a restructuring initiative, to identify synergies across the Company, enhance organizational efficiencies and consolidate and rationalize processes and facilities. During the three months ended March 31, 2013, as part of this process, the Company formally communicated the termination of employment to approximately 150 employees and recorded $6 million of expense in connection with these initiatives. These expenses primarily represent costs associated with severance, outplacement services and other costs associated with employee terminations. As of March 31, 2013, the Company has terminated approximately 100 of these employees. The Company expects further restructuring expenses of approximately $20 million to be incurred in 2013.

The following tables summarize the changes to our restructuring-related liabilities and identify the amounts recorded within the Company’s reportable segments and by category for restructuring expenses and corresponding payments and utilizations:
 
North
America
 
International
 
Truck Rental
 
Total
Balance as of January 1, 2013
$
1

 
$
12

 
$
—

 
$
13

Restructuring expense
3

 
3

 
4

 
10

Cash payment/utilization
(2
)
 
(7
)
 
(4
)
 
(13
)
Balance as of March 31, 2013
$
2

 
$
8

 
$
—

 
$
10

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Personnel
Related
 
Facility
Related
 
Other (a)
 
Total
Balance as of January 1, 2013
$
12

 
$
1

 
$
—

 
$
13

Restructuring expense
5

 
1

 
4

 
10

Cash payment/utilization
(9
)
 
—

 
(4
)
 
(13
)
Balance as of March 31, 2013
$
8

 
$
2

 
$
—

 
$
10

__________
(a) 
Includes expenses related to the disposition of vehicles.

3.
Earnings Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) (shares in millions): 
 
Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
 
2013
 
2012
Net loss
$
(46
)
 
$
(23
)
Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding (a)
107.7

 
105.9

Earnings per share:
 
 
 
Basic and diluted
$
(0.43
)
 
$
(0.22
)

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__________
(a) 
As the Company incurred a net loss for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, all outstanding stock options, restricted stock units, stock warrants and issuable shares underlying the 3½% convertible notes due 2014 have an anti-dilutive effect and therefore are excluded from the computation of diluted weighted average shares outstanding. Accordingly, basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding are equal for such periods.

The following table summarizes the Company’s outstanding common stock equivalents that were anti-dilutive and therefore excluded from the computation of diluted EPS: 
 
Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
 
2013
 
2012
Options (a)
1.5

 
2.8

Warrants (b) (c)
4.7

 
15.0

Shares underlying 3½% convertible notes (c)
4.7

 
15.0

__________
(a) 
For the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, all outstanding stock options were anti-dilutive, as the Company incurred a net loss; such options had a weighted average exercise price of $2.16 and $3.74, respectively.
(b) 
Represents all outstanding warrants as of March 31, 2013 and 2012, which had an exercise price of $22.50.
(c) 
The decrease in the number of warrants and the number of shares underlying the 3½% convertible notes that were anti-dilutive was related to the Company’s repurchase of a portion of its 3½% convertible notes and warrants (see Note 11—Long-term Debt and Borrowing Arrangements and Note 14—Stockholders’ Equity for more information).

4.
Acquisitions

Zipcar

On March 14, 2013, the Company completed the acquisition of the entire issued share capital of Zipcar, the leading car sharing company, for $473 million, net of acquired cash. The acquisition increases the Company’s growth potential and its ability to better serve a greater variety of customer transportation needs.

The excess of the purchase price over preliminary fair value of net assets acquired was allocated to goodwill, which was assigned to the Company’s North America segment. The goodwill is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes. The fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed has not yet been finalized and is therefore subject to change (for up to one year from the acquisition date). In connection with this acquisition, $190 million was recorded in identifiable intangible assets (consisting of $112 million related to trademarks and $78 million related to customer relationships) and $274 million in goodwill. The trademark assets are indefinite-lived and the customer relationship intangibles will be amortized over an estimated life of 8 years. Zipcar’s historical revenues and earnings would not have been material to the Company’s results.

Apex Car Rentals

In October 2012, the Company completed the acquisition of the assets of Apex, a leading deep-value car rental company in New Zealand and Australia, operating a fleet of approximately 4,000 rental vehicles. In conjunction with the acquisition, the Company paid $63 million in cash (including the acquisition of fleet) and agreed to the payment of contingent consideration with an estimated acquisition date fair value of $9 million. The contingent consideration consists of a maximum of $26 million in additional payments that are contingent on Apex’ future financial performance, and the fair value of the contingent consideration at the acquisition date was estimated by utilizing a Monte Carlo simulation technique, based on a range of possible future results. The preliminary allocation of the purchase price of Apex principally includes vehicles of $33 million, trademarks of $21 million and goodwill of $16 million which were allocated to the Company’s International segment. The goodwill is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes. The fair values of certain tangible assets acquired, identifiable intangible assets, and residual goodwill are not yet finalized and are subject to change. Apex’ historical revenues, earnings and assets would not have been material to the Company’s results or balance sheet.

5.
Other Current Assets
Other current assets consisted of:

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As of
 
As of
 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
Sales and use tax
$
207

 
$
108

Prepaid expenses
189

 
174

Other
162

 
123

 
$
558

 
$
405


6.
Intangible Assets

Intangible assets consisted of:
 
 
As of March 31, 2013
 
As of December 31, 2012
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
Carrying
Amount
 
Gross
Carrying
Amount
 
Accumulated
Amortization
 
Net
Carrying
Amount
Amortized Intangible Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
License agreements
$
251

 
$
42

 
$
209

 
$
257

 
$
39

 
$
218

Customer relationships (a)
163

 
21

 
142

 
86

 
19

 
67

Other
2

 
1

 
1

 
2

 
1

 
1

 
$
416

 
$
64

 
$
352

 
$
345

 
$
59

 
$
286

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unamortized Intangible Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Goodwill (a)
$
646

 
 
 
 
 
$
375

 
 
 
 
Trademarks (a)
$
558

 
 
 
 
 
$
445

 
 
 
 
__________
(a) 
The increases in carrying amounts primarily relate to the acquisition of Zipcar.

Amortization expense relating to all intangible assets was approximately $5 million and $6 million during first quarter 2013 and 2012, respectively. Based on the Company’s amortizable assets at March 31, 2013, the Company expects amortization expense of approximately $21 million for the remainder of 2013 and approximately $28 million for each of the five fiscal years thereafter.

7.
Financial Instruments

The fair value of the Company’s financial instruments is generally determined by reference to market values resulting from trading on a national securities exchange or in an over-the-counter market. In some cases where quoted market prices are not available, prices are derived by considering the yield of the benchmark security that was issued to initially price the instruments and adjusting this rate by the credit spread that market participants would demand for the instruments as of the measurement date. The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, program cash and accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate fair value due to the short-term maturities of these assets and liabilities.



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Debt Instruments

The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of debt instruments were as follows: 
 
As of March 31, 2013
 
As of December 31, 2012
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Estimated
Fair
Value
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Estimated
Fair
Value
Corporate debt
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt (a)
$
29

 
$
29

 
$
57

 
$
58

Long-term debt, excluding convertible debt (a)
3,241

 
3,443

 
2,720

 
2,903

Convertible debt (a)
77

 
133

 
128

 
171

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt under vehicle programs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Vehicle-backed debt due to Avis Budget Rental Car Funding (AESOP) LLC (a)
$
5,873

 
$
6,074

 
$
5,203

 
$
5,391

Vehicle-backed debt (a)
1,586

 
1,602

 
1,599

 
1,613

Interest rate swaps and interest rate contracts (b)
3

 
3

 
4

 
4

 __________
(a) 
The fair value measurements are based on significant observable inputs (Level 2).
(b) 
Derivatives in a liability position.

Net Investment Hedge

The Company has designated its 6% Euro-denominated notes issued March 2013 as a hedge of its net investment in Euro-denominated foreign operations. The Company records the effective portion of the gain or loss on this net investment hedge, net of taxes, in accumulated other comprehensive income as part of the currency translation adjustments. For the three months ended March 31, 2013, the Company has recorded a $3 million gain, net of tax, in accumulated other comprehensive income. Any ineffective portion of the net investment hedge is immediately reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into earnings. There was no ineffectiveness during the three months ended March 31, 2013 and the Company does not expect to reclassify any amounts related to this net investment hedge from accumulated other comprehensive income to earnings over the next 12 months.

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

The Company uses foreign exchange contracts to manage its exposure to changes in currency exchange rates associated with its foreign currency denominated receivables and forecasted royalties, forecasted earnings of foreign subsidiaries and forecasted foreign currency denominated acquisitions. The Company primarily hedges its foreign currency exposure to the Australian, Canadian and New Zealand dollars, the Euro and the British pound sterling. The majority of forward contracts do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment. The fluctuations in the value of these forward contracts do, however, largely offset the impact of changes in the value of the underlying risk they economically hedge. The amount of gains or losses reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to earnings resulting from ineffectiveness or from excluding a component of the forward contracts’ gain or loss from the effectiveness calculation for cash flow hedges during the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012 was not material, nor is the amount of gains or losses the Company expects to reclassify from accumulated other comprehensive income to earnings over the next 12 months.

The Company uses various hedging strategies including interest rate swaps and interest rate caps to create an appropriate mix of fixed and floating rate assets and liabilities. The Company uses interest rate swaps to manage the risk related to its floating rate corporate debt and its floating rate vehicle-backed debt. The Company records the effective portion of changes in the fair value of its cash flow hedges to other comprehensive income, net of tax, and subsequently reclassifies these amounts into earnings in the period during which the hedged transaction is recognized. The Company records the gains or losses related to freestanding derivatives, which are not designated as a hedge for accounting purposes, in its consolidated results of operations. The changes in fair values of hedges that were determined to be ineffective are immediately reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into earnings. The Company estimates that approximately $1 million of losses currently recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income will be recognized in earnings over the next 12 months, which is expected to be offset in earnings by the impact of the underlying hedged items.


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From time to time, the Company enters into derivative commodity contracts to manage its exposure to changes in the price of unleaded gasoline. Changes in the fair value of these derivatives are recorded within operating expenses.

Certain of the Company’s derivative instruments contain collateral support provisions that require the Company to post cash collateral to the extent that such derivatives are in a liability position. The aggregate fair value of such derivatives and the aggregate fair value of assets needed to settle these derivatives as of March 31, 2013 was approximately $4 million, for which the Company has posted cash collateral in the normal course of business.

As of March 31, 2013, the Company held derivative instruments with absolute notional values as follows:
 
As of
 
March 31, 2013
Interest rate caps (a)
$
6,992

Interest rate swaps
913

Foreign exchange forward contracts
252

Foreign exchange swaps
763

__________
(a) 
Represents $4.7 billion of interest rate caps sold, partially offset by approximately $2.3 billion of interest rate caps purchased, which amount excludes $2.4 billion of interest rate caps purchased by the Company’s Avis Budget Rental Car Funding (AESOP) LLC (“Avis Budget Rental Car Funding”) subsidiary.

As of March 31, 2013, the Company also had commodity contracts for the purchase of 9 million gallons of unleaded gasoline.

The Company used significant observable inputs (Level 2 inputs) to determine the fair value of its derivative assets and liabilities. Derivatives entered into by the Company are typically executed over-the-counter and are valued using various valuation techniques, as no quoted market prices exist for such instruments. The valuation technique and inputs depend on the type of derivative and the nature of the underlying exposure. The principal techniques used to value these instruments are discounted cash flows and Black-Scholes option valuation models. These models take into account a variety of factors including, where applicable, maturity, commodity prices, interest rate yield curves of the Company and counterparties, credit curves, counterparty creditworthiness and currency exchange rates. These factors are applied on a consistent basis and are based upon observable inputs where available.

Fair values of derivative instruments were as follows: 
 
As of March 31, 2013
 
As of December 31, 2012
 
Fair Value,
Asset
Derivatives
 
Fair Value,
Liability
Derivatives
 
Fair Value,
Asset
Derivatives
 
Fair Value,
Liability
Derivatives
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps (a)
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Currency exchange contracts (b)
8

 
8

 
3

 
8

Interest rate contracts (c)
—

 
3

 
—

 
4

Interest rate swaps (a)
—

 
9

 
—

 
12

Commodity contracts (b)
2

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total
$
10

 
$
20

 
$
3

 
$
25

__________
Amounts in this table exclude derivatives issued by Avis Budget Rental Car Funding, as it is not consolidated by the Company; however, certain amounts related to the derivatives held by Avis Budget Rental Car Funding are included within accumulated other comprehensive income, as discussed in Note 14—Stockholders’ Equity.
(a) 
Included in other non-current liabilities.
(b) 
Included in other current assets and other current liabilities.
(c) 
Included in assets under vehicle programs and liabilities under vehicle programs.

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The effect of derivatives recognized in the Company’s Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements were as follows:     
 
Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
 
2013
 
2012
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps (a)
$
—

 
$
7

 
 
 
 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
 
 
 
Currency exchange contracts (b)
1

 
(4
)
Commodity contracts (c)
2

 
6

Interest rate contracts (d)
3

 
(5
)
Total
$
6

 
$
4

__________
(a) 
Recognized, net of tax, as a component of other comprehensive income within stockholders’ equity.
(b) 
For the three months ended March 31, 2013, included a $2 million gain in operating expenses, and included a $1 million loss in interest expense. For the three months ended March 31, 2012, amounts were included in operating expenses.
(c) 
Included in operating expense.
(d) 
Included in interest expense.


8.
Vehicle Rental Activities

The components of the Company’s vehicles, net within assets under vehicle programs were as follows: 
 
As of
 
As of
 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
Rental vehicles
$
10,973

 
$
10,000

Less: Accumulated depreciation
(1,302
)
 
(1,345
)
 
9,671

 
8,655

Vehicles held for sale
491

 
619

Vehicles, net
$
10,162

 
$
9,274


The components of vehicle depreciation and lease charges, net are summarized below: 
 
Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
 
2013
 
2012
Depreciation expense
$
353

 
$
331

Lease charges
33

 
26

Gain on sales of vehicles, net
—

 
(39
)
Vehicle depreciation and lease charges, net
$
386

 
$
318


9.
Income Taxes

The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2013 is a benefit of 19.3%. Such rate differs from the Federal statutory rate of 35.0% primarily due to the treatment of the expenses for the early extinguishment of corporate debt.

The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2012 was a benefit of 11.5%. Such rate differs from the Federal statutory rate of 35.0% primarily due to the treatment of a portion of the expenses for the early extinguishment of corporate debt.

10.
Accounts Payable and Other Current Liabilities

Accounts payable and other current liabilities consisted of:

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As of
 
As of
 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
Accounts payable
$
344

 
$
309

Accrued sales and use taxes
240

 
148

Accrued payroll and related
174

 
198

Public liability and property damage insurance liabilities – current
129

 
132

Deferred income – current
91

 
60

Advertising and marketing
87

 
82

Income taxes payable – current
54

 
58

Other
427

 
434

 
$
1,546

 
$
1,421


11.
Long-term Debt and Borrowing Arrangements

Long-term and other borrowing arrangements consisted of:
 
 
 
As of
 
As of
 
Maturity
Dates
 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
Floating rate notes (b)
May 2014
 
$
250

 
$
250

3½% convertible notes (c)
October 2014
 
77

 
128

Floating rate term loan (a) (d)
May 2016
 
48

 
49

4⅞% notes
November 2017
 
300

 
300

9⅝% notes
March 2018
 
446

 
446

8¼% notes
January 2019
 
730

 
730

Floating rate term loan (a) (e)
March 2019
 
894

 
689

9¾% notes
March 2020
 
250

 
250

6% Euro-denominated notes
March 2021
 
320

 
—

 

 
3,315

 
2,842

Other
 
 
32

 
63

Total
 
 
3,347

 
2,905

Less: Short-term debt and current portion of long-term debt
 
 
29

 
57

Long-term debt
 
 
$
3,318

 
$
2,848

__________
(a) 
The floating rate term loans are part of the Company’s senior credit facility, which also includes its revolving credit facility maturing 2016, and are secured by pledges of all of the capital stock of all of the Company’s direct or indirect domestic subsidiaries and 65% of the capital stock of each direct foreign subsidiary, subject to certain exceptions, and liens on substantially all of the Company’s intellectual property and certain other real and personal property.
(b) 
As of March 31, 2013, the floating rate notes due 2014 bear interest at three-month LIBOR, plus 250 basis points, for an aggregate rate of 2.79%.
(c) 
As of March 31, 2013, the 3½% convertible notes are convertible by the holders into approximately 5 million shares of our common stock.
(d) 
As of March 31, 2013, the floating rate term loan due 2016 bears interest at three-month LIBOR, plus 300 basis points, for an aggregate rate of 3.31%.
(e) 
As of March 31, 2013, the floating term rate loan due 2019 bears interest at the greater of three-month LIBOR or 1.0%, plus 275 basis points, for an aggregate rate of 3.75%.

During March 2013, the Company issued €250 million of 6% senior notes due 2021, at face value. The notes pay interest semi-annually on March 1 and September 1 of each year, beginning in September 2013. The notes are unsecured obligations of the Company’s Avis Budget Finance plc subsidiary and are guaranteed on a senior basis by the Company and certain of its domestic subsidiaries. The notes rank equally with all of the Company’s existing and future senior unsecured debt and will be senior to all of the Company’s existing and future subordinated indebtedness. The Company has the right to redeem these notes in whole or in part on or after April 1, 2016 at specified redemption prices, plus any accrued and unpaid interest. The Company used the proceeds from the issuance to partially fund the acquisition of Zipcar.

During March 2013, the Company amended its Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of May 3, 2011 (the “Credit Agreement”) to issue an additional $200 million of term loan due 2019, which loan will bear interest at the greater of three-month LIBOR or 1.00%, plus 275 basis points (the “New Term Loan”). The Company used the

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proceeds from the New Term Loan to partially fund the acquisition of Zipcar. Pursuant to this Credit Agreement amendment, the Company also replaced $700 million of its existing term loan with a term loan bearing the same interest rate and maturity as the New Term Loan.

During the three months ended March 2013, the Company repurchased approximately $51 million of its 3½% convertible notes for approximately $89 million, plus accrued interest.

During March 2013, the Company commenced a cash tender offer to purchase any and all of the outstanding $450 million of the 9⅝% notes due 2018 and a portion of its outstanding 9¾% notes due 2020. The tender offer expired April 16, 2013, and the settlement of the tender offer will be funded with the proceeds of the issuance of $500 million of the Company’s 5½% Senior Notes, which were issued April 3, 2013. (See Note 18—Subsequent Events).

Committed Credit Facilities and Available Funding Arrangements

At March 31, 2013, the committed credit facilities available to the Company and/or its subsidiaries included: 
 
Total
Capacity
 
Outstanding
Borrowings
 
Letters of
Credit  Issued
 
Available
Capacity
Revolving credit facility maturing 2016 (a) 
$
1,500

 
$
—

 
$
750

 
$
750

Other facilities (b)
9

 
3

 
—

 
6

__________
(a) 
This revolving credit facility matures in 2016 and bears interest of one-month LIBOR, plus 300 basis points. The Company’s senior credit facility, which encompasses the floating rate term loans due 2016 and 2019 and the revolving credit facility, is secured by pledges of all of the capital stock of all of the Company’s domestic subsidiaries and 65% of the capital stock of each foreign subsidiary directly owned by the Company’s domestic subsidiaries, subject to certain exceptions, and liens on substantially all of the Company’s intellectual property and certain other real and personal property.
(b) 
These facilities encompass bank overdraft lines of credit, bearing interest of 4.50% to 5.80% as of March 31, 2013.

At March 31, 2013, the Company had various uncommitted credit facilities available, under which it had drawn approximately $8 million, which bear interest at rates between 0.42% and 8.22%.

The agreements governing the Company’s indebtedness contain restrictive covenants, including restrictions on dividends paid to the Company by certain of its subsidiaries, the incurrence of additional indebtedness by the Company and certain of its subsidiaries, acquisitions, mergers, liquidations, and sale and leaseback transactions. The Company’s senior credit facility contains maximum leverage and minimum interest coverage ratio requirements. As of March 31, 2013, the Company was in compliance with the financial covenants of its senior credit facility.

12.
Debt Under Vehicle Programs and Borrowing Arrangements

During March 2013, the Company entered into a three-year, €500 million (approximately $640 million) European rental fleet securitization program, which matures in 2016, and will be used to finance fleet purchases for certain of the Company’s European operations.

Debt under vehicle programs (including related party debt due to Avis Budget Rental Car Funding) consisted of:
 
As of
 
As of
 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
Debt due to Avis Budget Rental Car Funding (a)
$
5,873

 
$
5,203

Budget Truck financing
236

 
253

Capital leases 
298

 
315

European securitization
142

 
—

Other
913

 
1,035

 
$
7,462

 
$
6,806

__________
(a) 
The increase principally reflects increased borrowing to fund an increase in the size of the Company’s U.S. car rental fleet.


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The following table provides the contractual maturities of the Company’s debt under vehicle programs (including related party debt due to Avis Budget Rental Car Funding) at March 31, 2013: 
 
Vehicle-
Backed
Debt
Within 1 year (a)
$
727

Between 1 and 2 years
2,425

Between 2 and 3 years
1,250

Between 3 and 4 years
1,294

Between 4 and 5 years
843

Thereafter
923

 
$
7,462

 __________
(a) 
Vehicle-backed debt maturing within one year includes term asset-backed securities of approximately $509 million and bank and bank-sponsored borrowings of $218 million.

As of March 31, 2013, available funding under the Company’s vehicle programs (including related party debt due to Avis Budget Rental Car Funding) consisted of: 
 
Total
Capacity (a)
 
Outstanding
Borrowings
 
Available
Capacity
Debt due to Avis Budget Rental Car Funding (b)
$
7,403

 
$
5,873

 
$
1,530

Budget Truck financing (c)
277

 
236

 
41

Capital leases
465

 
298

 
167

European securitization  (d)
641

 
142

 
499

Other (e)
1,458

 
913

 
545

 
$
10,244

 
$
7,462

 
$
2,782

__________
(a) 
Capacity is subject to maintaining sufficient assets to collateralize debt.
(b) 
The outstanding debt is collateralized by approximately $7.7 billion of underlying vehicles and related assets.
(c) 
The outstanding debt is collateralized by $375 million of underlying vehicles and related assets.
(d) 
The outstanding debt is collateralized by approximately $442 million of underlying vehicles and related assets.
(e) 
The outstanding debt is collateralized by approximately $1.3 billion of underlying vehicles and related assets.

Debt agreements under the Company’s vehicle-backed funding programs contain restrictive covenants, including restrictions on dividends paid to the Company by certain of its subsidiaries and restrictions on indebtedness, mergers, liens, liquidations and sale and leaseback transactions and in some cases also require compliance with certain financial requirements. As of March 31, 2013, the Company is not aware of any instances of non-compliance with any of the financial or restrictive covenants contained in the debt agreements under its vehicle-backed funding programs.

13.
Commitments and Contingencies

Contingencies

In connection with the Company’s 2006 separation into four independent companies (the “Separation”), the Company completed the spin-offs of Realogy Corporation (“Realogy”) and Wyndham Worldwide Corporation (“Wyndham”) on July 31, 2006 and completed the sale of Travelport, Inc. (“Travelport”) on August 23, 2006. In connection with the spin-offs of Realogy and Wyndham, the Company entered into a Separation Agreement, pursuant to which Realogy assumed 62.5% and Wyndham assumed 37.5% of certain contingent and other corporate liabilities of the Company or its subsidiaries, which are not primarily related to any of the respective businesses of Realogy, Wyndham, Travelport and/or the Company’s vehicle rental operations, and in each case incurred or allegedly incurred on or prior to the Separation (“Assumed Liabilities”). Realogy is entitled to receive 62.5% and Wyndham is entitled to receive 37.5% of the proceeds from certain contingent corporate assets of the Company, which are not primarily related to any of the respective businesses of Realogy, Wyndham, Travelport and/or the Company’s vehicle rental operations, arising or accrued on or prior to the Separation (“Assumed Assets”). Additionally, if Realogy or Wyndham were to default on its payment of costs or expenses to the Company related to any Assumed Liabilities, the Company would be responsible for 50% of the defaulting party’s obligation. In such event, the Company would be allowed to use the defaulting party’s share of the proceeds of any Assumed Assets as a right of offset.


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The Company does not believe that the impact of any resolution of contingent liabilities constituting Assumed Liabilities should result in a material liability to the Company in relation to its consolidated financial position or liquidity, as Realogy and Wyndham each have agreed to assume responsibility for these liabilities.

The Company is also named in various litigation that is primarily related to the businesses of its former subsidiaries, including Realogy, Wyndham and Travelport and their current or former subsidiaries. The Company is entitled to indemnification from such entities under the Separation Agreement for any liability resulting from such litigation.
In accordance with the terms of the Separation Agreement, Realogy posted a letter of credit in April 2007 for the benefit of the Company to cover its estimated share of the Assumed Liabilities discussed above, subject to adjustment, although there can be no assurance that such letter of credit will be sufficient or effective to cover Realogy’s actual obligations if and when they arise.

In October 2009, a judgment was entered against the Company in the amount of $16 million following the completion of a jury trial for damages related to breach of contract in the United States District Court for the District of Alaska. The lawsuit, which was filed in 2003, involved breach of contract and other claims by one of the Company’s licensees related to the acquisition of its Budget vehicle rental business in 2002. The Company believes the verdict in this case is unsupported by the evidence. In addition to the judgment for damages, in June 2010, the district court also entered an order against the Company in the amount of $3 million, in favor of the plaintiff’s motions for pre-judgment interest and attorneys’ fees. The Company filed an appeal of the judgment and attorneys’ fees awarded with the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. In March 2013, the Court of Appeals issued an opinion affirming the ruling of the district court. The Company is continuing to pursue its appeal.

Additionally, the Company is also involved in claims, legal proceedings and governmental inquiries related to its vehicle rental operations, including, among others, contract and licensee disputes, wage-and-hour claims, competition matters, insurance claims, intellectual property claims and other regulatory, environmental, commercial and tax matters. Litigation is inherently unpredictable and, although the Company believes that its accruals are adequate and/or that it has valid defenses in these matters, unfavorable resolutions could occur, which could materially impact the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Commitments to Purchase Vehicles

The Company maintains agreements with vehicle manufacturers under which the Company has agreed to purchase approximately $4.4 billion of vehicles from manufacturers over the next 12 months. The majority of these commitments are subject to the vehicle manufacturers’ satisfying their obligations under their respective repurchase and guaranteed depreciation agreements. The purchase of such vehicles is financed primarily through the issuance of vehicle-backed debt and cash received upon the disposition of vehicles.

Other Purchase Commitments

In the normal course of business, the Company makes various commitments to purchase other goods or services from specific suppliers, including those related to capital expenditures. None of the purchase commitments made by the Company as of March 31, 2013 (aggregating approximately $136 million) was individually significant. These purchase obligations extend through 2017.

Concentrations

Concentrations of credit risk at March 31, 2013 include (i) risks related to the Company’s repurchase and guaranteed depreciation agreements with car manufacturers, including Ford Motor Company, General Motors Company, Chrysler Group LLC, PSA Peugeot Citroën, Volkswagen Group, Kia Motors America, Toyota Motor Corporation, Renault S.A., Subaru of America, Inc., and Fiat Group Automobiles S.p.A., and primarily with respect to receivables for program cars that have been disposed but for which the Company has not yet received payment from the manufacturers and (ii) risks related to Realogy and Wyndham, including receivables of $64 million and $39 million, respectively, related to certain contingent, income tax and other corporate liabilities assumed by Realogy and Wyndham in connection with the Separation.

Other Guarantees


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The Company has provided certain guarantees to, or for the benefit of, subsidiaries of Realogy, Wyndham and Travelport, which, as previously discussed, were disposed in 2006. These guarantees relate primarily to various real estate operating leases. The maximum potential amount of future payments that the Company may be required to make under the guarantees relating to these leases is estimated to be approximately $79 million, the majority of which expire by the end of 2014. At March 31, 2013, the liability recorded by the Company in connection with these guarantees was approximately $2 million. To the extent that the Company would be required to perform under any of these guarantees, the Company is entitled to indemnification by Realogy, Wyndham and Travelport, as applicable. The Company monitors the credit ratings and other relevant information for Realogy, Wyndham and Travelport’s parent company in order to assess the status of the payment/performance risk of these guarantees.

14.
Stockholders’ Equity

During the three months ended March 31, 2013, concurrently with the Company’s repurchase of a portion of its 3½% convertible notes, the Company repurchased warrants for the purchase of the Company’s common stock for $28 million and sold an equal portion of its convertible note hedge for $37 million, reducing the number of shares related to each of the hedge and warrant by approximately 3 million.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

The components of accumulated other comprehensive income were as follows: 
 
Currency
Translation
Adjustments
 
Net Unrealized
Gains (Losses)
on Cash Flow
Hedges
 
Net Unrealized
Gains on
Available-for
Sale Securities
 
Minimum
Pension
Liability
Adjustment
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income
Balance, January 1, 2013
$
193

 
$
—

 
$
2

 
$
(85
)
 
$
110

Other comprehensive income before reclassifications
(23
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(23
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net current-period other comprehensive income
(23
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(23
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of March 31, 2013
$
170

 
$
—

 
$
2


$
(85
)
 
$
87

__________
All components of accumulated other comprehensive income are net of tax, except currency translation adjustments, which exclude income taxes related to indefinite investments in foreign subsidiaries.

Total Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive income consists of net income and other gains and losses affecting stockholders’ equity that, under GAAP, are excluded from net income.

The components of other comprehensive income were as follows: 
 
Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
 
2013
 
2012
Net income
$
(46
)
 
$
(23
)
Other comprehensive income:
 
 
 
Currency translation adjustment
(23
)
 
37

Net unrealized gains on cash flow hedges, net of tax
—

 
7

 
(23
)
 
44

Total comprehensive income
$
(69
)
 
$
21


During the three months ended March 31, 2013, the Company’s net unrealized gains on cash flow hedges were immaterial. During the three months ended March 31, 2012, the Company’s net unrealized losses on cash flow hedges

18
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decreased by $12 million ($7 million, net of tax), primarily due to the realization of losses in income. Such decreases during the three months ended March 31, 2012 included $11 million ($7 million, net of tax), related to the Company’s vehicle-backed debt and were offset by a corresponding change in the Company’s investment in Avis Budget Rental Car Funding on the Consolidated Condensed Balance Sheets.

15.
Stock-Based Compensation

The Company records compensation expense for all stock-based awards based on the estimated fair value of the award at the grant date, which is recognized over the vesting period. The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense of $4 million and $4 million ($3 million and $2 million, net of tax) during the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, related to stock-based awards that were granted by the Company.

The Company applies the direct method and tax law ordering approach to calculate the tax effects of stock-based compensation. In jurisdictions with net operating loss carryforwards, tax deductions for exercises of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units in 2013 and 2012 did not generate a cash benefit. Approximately $21 million of incremental tax benefits will be recorded in additional paid-in capital when realized in these jurisdictions.

During the three months ended March 31, 2013, the Company granted the following stock-based awards under the Amended and Restated 2007 Equity and Incentive Plan:

•
25,000 time-based restricted cash units (“RCUs”) and 87,000 market-vesting restricted cash units (“MCUs”); and

•
585,000 time-based restricted stock units (“RSUs”), 374,000 performance-based restricted stock units (“PSUs”), and 87,000 market-vesting restricted stock units (“MSUs”).

Restricted Cash Unit Awards

The terms of the RCUs generally provide for vesting on the second anniversary of the grant date, subject to continued employment, and for settlement on the third anniversary of the grant date. The fair value of the RCUs was based on the Company’s stock price of $21.20 on the grant date.

The terms of the MCUs generally provide for vesting of all or a portion of such units on the third anniversary of the grant date, subject to the attainment of performance goals based on total shareholder return over the vesting period in comparison to a specified market index (“TSR”). On the grant date, these units had a fair market value of $17.14, which was calculated using a Monte-Carlo simulation model, based on the expected cash payout.

The amount payable in respect of the RCUs and MCUs will be based on the Company’s average closing stock price over a specified number of trading days at the time of settlement. At March 31, 2013, the Company had 268,000 time-based and market-vesting restricted cash units outstanding with a weighted average contractual life of 2.1 years.

Restricted Stock Unit Awards

The terms of substantially all of the RSUs generally provide for vesting ratably on the first three anniversaries of the grant date, subject to continued employment. The fair value of the RSUs was based on the Company’s closing stock price of $21.20 on the date of grant.

The terms of the PSUs generally provide for vesting of a substantial majority of such units (or a portion thereof) on the third anniversary of the grant date, subject to attainment of certain performance goals based on Adjusted EBITDA, subject to certain further adjustments, with full vesting permitted on such anniversary if goals based on TSR are also achieved.

The terms of the MSUs generally provide for vesting of all or a portion of such units on the third anniversary of the grant date, subject to the attainment of performance goals based on TSR.

The Company determined the fair value of performance-based and market-vesting restricted stock units granted in the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012 using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The fair value of the PSUs and MSUs granted in the three months ended March 31, 2013, was estimated to be $20.30 and $17.14, respectively. The fair

19
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value of the Company’s market-vesting restricted stock units issued in the three months ended March 31, 2012 was estimated to be $10.61. The assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the performance-based and market-vesting awards issued during the three months ended March 31, 2013 and the market-vesting awards issued in the three months ended March 31, 2012 were as follows:
 
Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
 
2013
 
2012
Expected volatility of stock price
43%
 
49%
Risk-free interest rate
0.39%
 
0.39%
Expected term of awards
3 years
 
3 years
Dividend yield
0.0%
 
0.0%

The activity related to the Company’s time-based, performance-based and market-vesting restricted stock units (collectively, solely for purposes of the table below, “RSUs”), and stock options consisted of (in thousands of shares): 
 
 
RSUs
 
Options
 
Number
of RSUs
 
Weighted
Average
Fair Value
 
Number
of Options
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise Price
Balance at January 1, 2013
3,497

 
$
13.64

 
1,901

 
$
2.89

Granted at fair market value
1,046

 
20.54

 
—

 
—

Vested/exercised (a)
(1,083
)
 
12.69

 
(416
)
 
5.31

Canceled
(47
)
 
14.12

 
(3
)
 
27.40

Balance at March 31, 2013 (b) (c)
3,413

 
16.06

 
1,482

 
2.16

__________
(a) 
During the three months ended March 31, 2013, 429,000 market-vesting and performance-based restricted stock units vested. Stock options exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2013 had an intrinsic value of $8 million.
(b) 
As of March 31, 2013, the Company’s outstanding RSUs had an aggregate intrinsic value of $95 million; aggregate unrecognized compensation expense related to RSUs amounted to $40 million; and the balance of RSUs at March 31, 2013, consists of 1,338,000 related to time-based awards and 2,075,000 related to market-vesting and performance-based awards. Approximately 24,000 time-based restricted stock units and 9,000 market-vesting restricted stock units are eligible to vest in 2013, if applicable service criteria are satisfied.
(c) 
As of March 31, 2013, the Company’s outstanding stock options had aggregate intrinsic value of $38 million; there were 1,472,000 “in-the-money” stock options; and aggregate unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock options was immaterial. 1,418,000 stock options are exercisable as of March 31, 2013.

The table below summarizes information regarding the Company’s outstanding stock options as of March 31, 2013 (in thousands of shares): 
Range of
Exercise Prices
Weighted Average
Contractual  Life (years)
 
Number of
Options
Less than $5.00
5.8
 
1,312

$5.01 to $10.00
0
 
—

$10.01 to $15.00
6.8
 
160

$15.01 to $20.00
0
 
—

$20.01 and above
1.4
 
10

 
5.9
 
1,482


As of March 31, 2013, the Company also had approximately 0.5 million outstanding stock appreciation rights with a weighted average exercise price of $24.40, and a weighted average remaining contractual life of 0.3 years.

16.
Segment Information

The reportable segments presented below represent the Company’s operating segments for which separate financial information is available and is utilized on a regular basis by its chief operating decision maker, the Company’s chief executive officer, to assess performance and to allocate resources. In identifying its reportable segments, the Company also considers the nature of services provided by its operating segments, the geographical areas in which the segments operate and other relevant factors. The Company aggregates certain operating segments into its reportable segments.

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Management evaluates the operating results of each of its reportable segments based upon revenue and “Adjusted EBITDA”, which is defined as income from continuing operations before non-vehicle related depreciation and amortization, any impairment charge, transaction-related costs, non-vehicle related interest and income taxes. The Company’s presentation of Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to similarly-titled measures used by other companies.
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2013
 
2012
 
Revenues
 
Adjusted
EBITDA
 
Revenues
 
Adjusted
EBITDA
North America
$
1,100

 
$
90

 
$
1,038

 
$
93

International
515

 
14

 
510

 
22

Truck Rental
76

 
(9
)
 
75

 
1

Corporate and Other (a)
—

 
(12
)
 
—

 
(4
)
Total Company (b)
$
1,691

 
83

 
$
1,623

 
112

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Less: Non-vehicle related depreciation and amortization
 
 
34

 
 
 
32

Interest expense related to corporate debt, net:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest expense
 
 
58

 
 
 
73

Early extinguishment of debt
 
 
40

 
 
 
27

Transaction-related costs (c)
 
 
8

 
 
 
6

Loss before income taxes
 
 
$
(57
)
 
 
 
$
(26
)
__________
(a) 
Includes unallocated corporate overhead and the elimination of transactions between segments.
(b) 
Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, includes $10 million and $7 million, respectively, of restructuring expense.
(c) 
During the three months ended March 31, 2013, the Company incurred $8 million in transaction-related costs related to our acquisition of Zipcar and expenses related to the integration of the operations of Avis Europe with the Company’s. During the three months ended March 31, 2012, the Company incurred $6 million in transaction-related costs related to the integration of the operations of Avis Europe.

Since December 31, 2012, there have been no significant changes in segment assets other than in the Company’s North America segment. As of March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, North America segment assets under vehicle programs were approximately $8.3 billion and $7.4 billion, respectively, and assets exclusive of assets under vehicle programs were approximately $3.6 billion and $3.1 billion, respectively.

17.
Guarantor and Non-Guarantor Consolidating Condensed Financial Statements

The following consolidating financial information presents Consolidating Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, Consolidating Condensed Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, and Consolidating Condensed Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012 for: (i) Avis Budget Group, Inc. (the “Parent”); (ii) Avis Budget Car Rental and Avis Budget Finance, Inc. (the “Subsidiary Issuers”); (iii) the guarantor subsidiaries; (iv) the non-guarantor subsidiaries; (v) elimination entries necessary to consolidate the Parent with the Subsidiary Issuers, and the guarantor and non-guarantor subsidiaries; and (vi) the Company on a consolidated basis. The Subsidiary Issuers and the guarantor and non-guarantor subsidiaries are 100% owned by the Parent, either directly or indirectly. All guarantees are full and unconditional and joint and several. This financial information is being presented in relation to the Company’s guarantee of the payment of principal, premium (if any) and interest on the senior notes issued by Avis Budget Car Rental. These senior notes consist of Avis Budget Car Rental’s Floating rate notes due 2014, 4⅞% notes due 2017, 9⅝% notes due 2018, 8¼% notes due 2019 and 9¾% notes due 2020 (collectively, the “Notes”). See Note 11—Long-term Debt and Borrowing Arrangements for additional information regarding these Notes. The Notes are guaranteed by the Parent and certain subsidiaries.

Investments in subsidiaries are accounted for using the equity method of accounting for purposes of the consolidating presentation. The principal elimination entries relate to investments in subsidiaries and intercompany balances and transactions. For purposes of the accompanying Consolidating Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income, certain expenses incurred by the Subsidiary Issuers are allocated to the guarantor and non-guarantor subsidiaries.

21
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Consolidating Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income

Three Months Ended March 31, 2013 
 
Parent
 
Subsidiary
Issuers
 
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Non-
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Eliminations
 
Total
Revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Vehicle rental
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
837

 
$
380

 
$
—

 
$
1,217

Other
—

 
—

 
246

 
526

 
(298
)
 
474

Net revenues
—

 
—

 
1,083

 
906

 
(298
)
 
1,691

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating
2

 
1

 
558

 
370

 
—

 
931

Vehicle depreciation and lease charges, net
—

 
—

 
260

 
243

 
(117
)
 
386

Selling, general and administrative
9

 
1

 
131

 
83

 
—

 
224

Vehicle interest, net
—

 
—

 
42

 
58

 
(43
)
 
57

Non-vehicle related depreciation and amortization
—

 
—

 
22

 
12

 
—

 
34

Interest expense related to corporate debt, net:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest expense
1

 
54

 
—

 
3

 
—

 
58

Intercompany interest expense (income)
(3
)
 
(11
)
 
3

 
11

 
—

 
—

Early extinguishment of debt
39

 
1

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
40

Restructuring expenses
—

 
—

 
6

 
4

 
—

 
10

Transaction-related costs
—

 
4

 
1

 
3

 
—

 
8

Total expenses
48

 
50

 
1,023

 
787

 
(160
)
 
1,748

Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of subsidiaries
(48
)
 
(50
)
 
60

 
119

 
(138
)
 
(57
)
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes
(4
)
 
(20
)
 
14

 
(1
)
 
—

 
(11
)
Equity in earnings (loss) of subsidiaries
(2
)
 
28

 
(18
)
 
—

 
(8
)
 
—

Net income (loss)
$
(46
)
 
$
(2
)
 
$
28

 
$
120

 
$
(146
)
 
$
(46
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Comprehensive income (loss)
$
(69
)
 
$
(25
)
 
$
2

 
$
95

 
$
(72
)
 
$
(69
)

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Table of Contents

Three Months Ended March 31, 2012 
 
Parent
 
Subsidiary
Issuers
 
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Non-
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Eliminations
 
Total
Revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Vehicle rental
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
786

 
$
382

 
$
—

 
$
1,168

Other
—

 
—

 
235

 
474

 
(254
)
 
455

Net revenues
—

 
—

 
1,021

 
856

 
(254
)
 
1,623

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating
(1
)
 
6

 
537

 
351

 
—

 
893

Vehicle depreciation and lease charges, net
—

 
—

 
197

 
212

 
(91
)
 
318

Selling, general and administrative
5

 
—

 
137

 
77

 
—

 
219

Vehicle interest, net
—

 
—

 
61

 
75

 
(62
)
 
74

Non-vehicle related depreciation and amortization
—

 
—

 
19

 
13

 
—

 
32

Interest expense related to corporate debt, net:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest expense
3

 
64

 
—

 
6

 
—

 
73

Intercompany interest expense (income)
(7
)
 
(81
)
 
74

 
14

 
—

 
—

Early extinguishment of debt
18

 
9

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
27

Restructuring expenses
—

 
—

 
—

 
7

 
—

 
7

Transaction-related costs
3

 
—

 
—

 
3

 
—

 
6

Total expenses
21

 
(2
)
 
1,025

 
758

 
(153
)
 
1,649

Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in earnings of subsidiaries
(21
)
 
2

 
(4
)
 
98

 
(101
)
 
(26
)
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes
(1
)
 
3

 
(2
)
 
(3
)
 
—

 
(3
)
Equity in earnings (loss) of subsidiaries
(3
)
 
(2
)
 
—

 
—

 
5

 
—

Net income (loss)
$
(23
)
 
$
(3
)
 
$
(2
)
 
$
101

 
$
(96
)
 
$
(23
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Comprehensive income
$
21

 
$
41

 
$
42

 
$
146

 
$
(229
)
 
$
21


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Table of Contents

Consolidating Condensed Balance Sheets

As of March 31, 2013
 
Parent
 
Subsidiary
Issuers
 
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Non-
Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 
Eliminations
 
Total
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
6

 
$
17

 
$
8

 
$
538

 
$
—

 
$
569

Receivables, net
—

 
—

 
184

 
407

 
—

 
591

Deferred income taxes
3

 
—

 
141

 
12

 
(3
)
 
153

Other current assets
4

 
88

 
116

 
350

 
—

 
558

Total current assets
13

 
105

 
449

 
1,307

 
(3
)
 
1,871

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property and equipment, net
—

 
93

 
310

 
156

 
—

 
559

Deferred income taxes
20

 
1,179

 
148

 
—

 
(1
)
 
1,346

Goodwill
—

 
—

 
348

 
298

 
—

 
646

Other intangibles, net
—

 
42

 
530

 
338

 
—

 
910

Other non-current assets
108

 
87

 
21

 
145

 
—

 
361

Intercompany receivables (payables)
142

 
100

 
282

 
(524
)
 
—

 
—

Investment in subsidiaries
603

 
2,546

 
3,230

 
—

 
(6,379
)
 
—

Total assets exclusive of assets under vehicle programs
886

 
4,152

 
5,318

 
1,720

 
(6,383
)
 
5,693

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets under vehicle programs:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Program cash
—

 
—

 
—

 
53

 
—

 
53

Vehicles, net
—

 
7

 
11

 
10,144

 
—

 
10,162

Receivables from vehicle manufacturers and other
—

 
—

 
—

 
287

 
—

 
287

Investment in Avis Budget Rental Car Funding (AESOP) LLC-related party
—

 
—

 
—

 
362

 
—

 
362

 
—

 
7

 
11

 
10,846

 
—

 
10,864

Total assets
$
886

 
$
4,159

 
$
5,329

 
$
12,566

 
$
(6,383
)
 
$
16,557

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current liabilities: