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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
[X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2002
[ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Transition Period from _________ to _________
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Commission File Number 1-14373
INSIGNIA FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
DELAWARE 56-2084290
(State of Incorporation) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
200 PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10166
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)
(212) 984-8033
(Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class Name of exchange on which registered
Common Stock, Par Value $0.01 Per Share New York Stock Exchange
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
(Title of Class)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required
to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during
the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was
required to file such report), and (2) has been subject to such filing
requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [ ].
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405
of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the
best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this
Form 10-K. [X]
At February 28, 2003 there were 23,309,450 shares of common stock outstanding.
Based on the reported closing price of $10.91 per share on the New York Stock
Exchange on such date, the aggregate market value of common stock held by
non-affiliates of the Registrant was approximately $205 million.
The information required in Part III of this Report will be included in an
amendment to this Form 10-K to be filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission on or before April 30, 2003.
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PART I
ITEM 1 - BUSINESS
ORGANIZATION
Insignia Financial Group, Inc. ("Insignia" or the "Company"), a Delaware
corporation headquartered in New York, New York, is a leading provider of
international real estate and real estate financial services, with operations in
the United States, the United Kingdom, France, continental Europe, Asia and
Latin America. Insignia's principal executive offices are located at 200 Park
Avenue, New York, New York 10166, and its telephone number is (212) 984-8033.
Insignia's real estate service businesses offer a diversified array of
services including commercial leasing, sales brokerage, corporate real estate
consulting, property management, property development and re-development,
apartment brokerage and leasing, condominium and cooperative apartment
management and real estate oriented financial services. In 2002, Insignia's
primary real estate service businesses included the following: Insignia/ESG
(U.S. commercial real estate services), Insignia Richard Ellis (U.K. commercial
real estate services), Insignia Bourdais (French commercial real estate
services; acquired in December 2001), Insignia Douglas Elliman (New York
apartment brokerage and leasing) and Insignia Residential Group (New York
condominium, cooperative and rental apartment management). Insignia also offers
commercial real estate services throughout continental Europe, Asia and Latin
America. The New York-based residential businesses of Insignia Douglas Elliman
and Insignia Residential Group were sold on March 14, 2003 (see further
discussion under the caption "Discontinued Operations" in Item 1 of this
Report).
Insignia enjoys an unrivaled position in the New York-London-Paris business
center axis. New York, London and Paris each represent world financial capitals
and key centers for international investment capital flows and business
activity. These cities are prime generators of real estate activity on a
worldwide basis. In addition to traditional real estate services, Insignia has
historically deployed its own capital, together with the capital of third party
investors, in principal real estate investments, including co-investment in
existing property assets, real estate development and managed private investment
funds. The Company's real estate service operations and principal real estate
investment activities are more fully described below.
REAL ESTATE SERVICES
Commercial Real Estate Service Operations
The Company's commercial real estate services are performed through
Insignia/ESG in the United States, Insignia Richard Ellis in the United Kingdom,
Insignia Bourdais in France and other subsidiaries in continental Europe, Asia
and Latin America. The Company's commercial services operations generated
aggregate service revenues of $577.5 million in 2002, representing 81% of the
Company's total service revenues for the year. The 2002 results include revenues
of $43.1 million from Insignia Bourdais, which became a part of Insignia in
January 2002.
United States
The Company's U.S. commercial real estate services are rendered under the
Insignia/ESG brand. Insignia/ESG represents the Company's largest business,
accounting for approximately 55% of the Company's total service revenues for the
2002 year. U.S. commercial service revenues totaled approximately $392.7 million
in 2002, down 20% from $492.8 million in 2001. U.S. commercial operations in
2002 were hindered by lingering weakness in many key markets that caused sharp
declines in leasing activity.
Through Insignia/ESG, the Company is among the leading providers of
commercial real estate services in the U.S. with a leadership position in the
New York metropolitan marketplace and a significant presence in other major
markets, including Washington, D.C., Philadelphia, Boston, Chicago, Atlanta,
Phoenix, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Dallas and Miami. The Company is active to
varying degrees in 54 U.S. markets, including markets in which it has affiliate
relationships with local service providers. Affiliate relationships are
established in markets where Insignia
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wants to offer services for its multi-market clients without owning the local
operations. The Company has U.S. affiliations with service providers in the
Pittsburgh, Baltimore, Seattle, Indianapolis, Princeton, N.J. and
Raleigh-Durham, N.C. markets. Also, in November 2002 the Company established an
affiliation with Toronto-based JJ Barnicke Limited, which provides real estate
services in 23 markets throughout Canada.
The Company's move into full-service brokerage commenced in 1996 with the
acquisition of Edward S. Gordon Company Incorporated in New York City and
subsequent expansion of brokerage operations nationwide. The Company's growth in
the late 1990's was fueled by a combination of acquisitions of regional
commercial real estate service companies and recruitment of professional talent
in lease and property services. Since 1997, the Company has expanded its U.S.
commercial real estate services organization significantly through acquisitions
in Chicago, Philadelphia, Boston, Washington, DC, and Dallas and has expanded
its service capabilities in Los Angeles, San Francisco, Atlanta and Miami
through office openings and broker hiring initiatives. The Company made no
domestic acquisitions in 2002 and only one - Dallas-based Baker Commercial
Realty - in 2001.
The Company prides itself on the consistent, high-quality delivery of its
services across geographic markets, property types and disciplines. The Company
provides a broad spectrum of commercial real estate services throughout the U.S.
to corporations and other major space users, property owners and investors.
These services include tenant representation, property leasing and management,
property acquisition and disposition services, investment sales, mortgage
financing, equity co-investment, development, redevelopment and corporate real
estate consulting services. The Company serves tenants, owners and investors in
office, industrial, retail, hospitality and mixed-use properties. During 2002,
the Company completed U.S. sales and leasing transactions valued at
approximately $15.2 billion, including more than $5.0 billion of commercial
property sales and financing transactions. During 2002, Insignia/ESG represented
such major corporate clients as Bank of New York, American International Group,
L'Oreal, Lehman Brothers, Fleet Bank, Marsh & McLennan, Deutsche Bank,
Metropolitan Life Insurance, Interpublic Group, Raytheon Corp., Deloitte &
Touche and many others. The Company also provides property services for
institutional clients owning approximately 235 million square feet of commercial
real estate in the U.S., including 158 million square feet of office, 55 million
square feet of industrial, 16 million square feet of retail and 6 million square
feet of mixed-use properties. In 2002, the Company's largest property services
clients included The Irvine Company, Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., Teachers
Insurance and Annuity Association, LendLease, Invesco and Phelps-Dodge.
In 2002, Insignia/ESG sustained its market-leading position in New York
City. For the seventh year in a row, Insignia/ESG accounted for the most
transactions on the Crain's New York Business annual list of the top 50
Manhattan leasing transactions. The Company was responsible for 17 of the top 50
transactions in 2002, including the largest transaction overall and three of the
top five, according to a list published in the February 10, 2003 issue of
Crain's New York Business.
Europe
The Company's European businesses consist of commercial real estate
operations in the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Spain,
Republic of Ireland and the Netherlands. European operations accounted for
approximately 25% of Insignia's total service revenues in 2002, producing
service revenues of $178.5 million, up 53% from $116.4 million in 2001. The
European operations concluded sales and lease transactions valued at
approximately $22.0 billion during 2002, including approximately $13.0 billion
in investment transactions. For 2002, the United Kingdom produced $121.7 million
in service revenues, or approximately 68% of total European results. The
continental European businesses contributed service revenues of $56.7 million,
of which $43.1 million was derived from France.
The Company's European operations were materially enhanced in December 2001
with the acquisition of Groupe Bourdais, one of France's premier real estate
service companies. Groupe Bourdais adopted the name Insignia Bourdais at
closing. Insignia Bourdais has five offices in the greater Paris region and also
maintains offices in the Aix-en-Provence, Lyon and Marseille markets and has
affiliate relationships in 20 additional markets throughout France.
The Company's U.K. subsidiary, Insignia Richard Ellis, is among the
foremost commercial real estate service providers in the United Kingdom. Through
Insignia Richard Ellis, the Company provides extensive coverage of the entire
United Kingdom market through full-service offices in London, Glasgow,
Birmingham, Leeds, Manchester,
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Liverpool and Jersey, and holds a 10% ownership interest in Insignia Richard
Ellis Gunne, an Irish real estate services company with offices in Dublin, the
Republic of Ireland and Belfast, Northern Ireland.
The Company's U.K. operation provides broad-ranging real estate services,
including agency leasing, tenant representation, investment sales and financing,
consulting, project management, appraisal, zoning and other general property
services. The major income components are agency leasing, tenant representation,
investment sales and financing and valuation consulting. In 2002, Insignia
Richard Ellis sustained its longstanding place as a premier service provider in
central London for both investment sales and property leasing.
Insignia Richard Ellis directs the Company's European expansion. The U.K.
operation spearheaded the acquisition of Groupe Bourdais as well as the
establishment of service operations since 1998 in the following locations:
Frankfurt, Germany; Milan and Bologna, Italy; Brussels, Belgium; Madrid and
Barcelona, Spain; and Amsterdam, the Netherlands. As part of its efforts to
build a premier real estate service capability on the European continent,
Insignia significantly expanded its resources in Spain in 2002. Key moves
included opening an office in Barcelona and augmenting its existing Madrid
office with a team of consulting professionals formerly associated with Arthur
Andersen Real Estate. Insignia committed to invest up to $2.7 million in Spain
to acquire a company formed by the former Arthur Andersen consulting team, to
recruit additional professional talent and for working capital for the Madrid
and Barcelona offices. In all, a total of 35 professional fee earners have been
added to Insignia's operations in Spain. These moves are expected to increase
the Company's transaction and consulting services in Spain in 2003 and beyond.
In 2002, the Company also forged affiliate relationships - similar to those in
the U.S. - with service firms in Denmark, Sweden and South Africa.
Asia and Latin America
The Company commenced operations in Asia in late 2000 with the
establishment of an office in Tokyo, Japan and the acquisition of Brooke
International, a Hong Kong based commercial real estate service company founded
in 1988. Insignia further extended its Asian reach in 2001 with the acquisition
of Brooke International's affiliated operations in India. The Brooke businesses
operate under the Insignia Brooke name and have offices in the following
locations: Hong Kong, Beijing and Shanghai, China; Bangkok, Thailand; Mumbai,
Hyderabad, Bangalore, Chennai and Delhi, India; and Manila, the Philippines. The
Company extended its service capability into Latin America in 2001 through the
acquisition of Grupo Inmobiliario Inova ("Inova"), headquartered in Mexico City.
Inova now operates as Insignia/ESG de Mexico and conducts business throughout
the major markets in Mexico and other leading business centers of South America,
including Buenos Aires, Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo. The Company's businesses
in Asia and Latin America specialize in commercial leasing, tenant
representation, project coordination and supervision, real estate valuations,
asset management and strategic advisory services.
Insignia Brooke along with the Japan operation and Insignia/ESG de Mexico
represent the Company's strategic platforms from which to serve its existing
clients' real estate needs in Asia and Latin America. The development of the
Asian and Latin American businesses has been constrained by the global economic
slowdown that has persisted for the past two years. These businesses
collectively incurred operating losses of $4.1 million in 2002, up slightly from
losses of $3.9 million in 2001. Operating losses are expected to continue -
albeit at a reduced level - until there is sustainable improvement in the global
real estate market.
Affiliate Program
In 2001, Insignia launched an affiliate program in order to extend its
reach into secondary U.S. markets where the Company wants to meet the needs of
its clients without investing significant capital for owned operations. Under
this program, regional service providers agree to serve as Insignia's exclusive
representative within a market and to adopt Insignia's branding, marketing
standards and governance protocols. Insignia has no economic interest in the
regional service providers, which pay Insignia a fee for joining the affiliate
program. In 2002, Insignia established U.S. affiliations with service providers
in Seattle, WA, Raleigh-Durham, NC, Princeton, NJ and Indianapolis, IN, and
international affiliations in Canada, Denmark, Sweden and South Africa. In
Canada, the Company entered into an alliance with Toronto-based JJ Barnicke
Limited - one of Canada's premier real estate providers - to serve as Insignia's
exclusive representative throughout Canada. Separately, the Company entered into
an affiliation in 2002 with Blenheim Bishop, one of central London's leading
residential real estate service firms. Under this affiliation, Insignia will
refer residential opportunities to Blenheim Bishop, and Blenheim Bishop will
refer commercial opportunities to Insignia's U.K. offices. In 2001, affiliates
were established in Pittsburgh, PA, Baltimore, MD, Richmond, VA and 20 affiliate
offices in France were acquired as part of the Groupe Bourdais acquisition. In
3
October 2002, Insignia agreed to end its affiliation with the Richmond, VA
service provider due to philosophical differences over future expansion plans.
Commercial Services
The full range of commercial services provided by the Company world-wide
include the following:
Tenant Representation -- acquisition or disposition of leased or owned
space on behalf of space users
Agency Leasing -- marketing of available space within commercial properties
on behalf of owners/landlords and the consummation of leases with tenants
Corporate Real Estate Consulting -- specialization in large, multi-faceted
transactions (usually 50,000 square feet or more) requiring in-depth planning,
analysis and execution
Investment Sales-- sale or acquisition of all types of commercial property
on behalf of owners
Mortgage Financing -- arrangement of financing (either debt or equity) on
behalf of owners of all types of commercial properties
Property Management -- responsibility for the financial and operational
aspects of a commercial property, which sometimes involve specialized services
such as construction management, engineering or energy management
Facilities Management -- responsibility for the delivery of services for
properties owned and occupied by corporations, institutions, government
agencies, hospitals, colleges and universities
Industrial Services -- specialized services performed for the owners and/or
users of manufacturing, warehouse, distribution or flex-space (combining office
and industrial uses) facilities
Multi Housing Services - sale and/or financing of income-producing
multi-family housing assets
Property Development and Redevelopment -- fee-based development and
construction services for owners of office, industrial and retail properties,
and the re-development/re-positioning of properties for owners looking to create
enhanced value
Leasing (tenant representation and agency), investment sales, property
management and consulting services collectively comprised over 90% of the
Company's total service revenues for 2002. Leasing services represent the
Company's most significant service line, accounting for approximately $320.0
million, or 45%, of the Company's total service revenues for 2002. Insignia's
U.S. commercial business mix is more heavily concentrated toward leasing
services, tenant representation in particular, than the Company's other
businesses. Leasing services were responsible for approximately 68% of U.S.
service revenues for 2002. Revenues from investment sales and consulting are
also significant. In 2002, investment sales and consulting services accounted
for over $150.0 million of service revenues, or approximately 20% of Insignia's
total service revenues for the period.
Market Trends
United States
U.S. commercial leasing markets in 2002 were the softest in more than a
decade. The low-growth economy, coupled with malaise in the financial markets
and lingering effects of the September 11 terrorist attacks caused companies to
become extremely hesitant with respect to capital spending and expansion plans.
As a result, leasing activity in many U.S. markets reached a 10-year low, with
most demand driven by lease expirations. Excess space proliferated in many
markets as retrenching companies offered surplus space for sublease in huge
quantities. The unprecedented sublease supply caused availability rates to rise
sharply and rental rates to fall. U.S. markets remain fundamentally soft at the
outset of 2003.
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Europe
The major business centers of Europe saw leasing activity curbed sharply by
global economic weakness. London, due to the predominance of financial services
industries, in 2002 experienced a substantial decline in leasing activity,
coupled with increasing availability and declining rents. Paris was less
severely affected than most other major European business centers, with total
leasing activity off by about one-third compared with 2001.
In stark contrast to the leasing markets, the European investment markets
remained extremely robust in 2002. Historically low interest rates and high
current property yields relative to other investment alternatives attracted
strong international capital flows to London, Paris and other European business
centers. The disparity between leasing and investment markets has continued into
2003.
Competitive Position/Competition
The Company believes that it is well positioned to meet the competitive
challenges present in the commercial real estate marketplace. Among its
competitive strengths are:
o strong reputation and recognition of the Company's brand names within
the industry
o quality and depth of both its management and brokerage staff
o entrepreneurial corporate culture, which allows it to respond quickly
to opportunities
o unique methodologies for implementing large, complex transactions
o complete array of services, which allows it to both meet existing
client needs and take advantage of cross-selling opportunities
o extensive property services portfolio, which provides significant
economies of scale
o proven mergers and acquisitions capability to enhance and expand the
platform
o market leadership in three of the world's most important financial
centers -- New York, London and Paris
o ability to attract, retain, support and promote the highest quality,
most skilled personnel in the industry
o resources and expertise to deploy the Company's capital to create
transactional and property services opportunities.
United States
Competition is intense in the U.S. commercial property services industry,
particularly in the areas of tenant representation, agency leasing and property
management. Historically, most competitors have been regional or local companies
specializing in one or more aspects of the business (e.g., property management,
tenant representation, etc.). However, the consolidation trend has spawned
fewer, larger international competitors that are integrated across property
types and disciplines. The Company competes increasingly with these full-service
national competitors, including Jones Lang LaSalle, Trammell Crow, CB Richard
Ellis, Cushman & Wakefield and Grubb & Ellis.
Different factors weigh heavily in the competition for tenant
representation and property services assignments. For major tenant
representation assignments, competition is based on quality of services,
demonstrated track record, breadth of resources, analytical skills and market
knowledge. States. The Company has an outstanding track record in completing
major tenant representation assignments. The Company, as tenant representative,
has arranged major transactions over the past three years for such well-known
entities as the following: JP Morgan Chase, Lehman Brothers, Credit Suisse First
Boston, Barclays, Marsh & McLennan, Metropolitan Life Insurance, Deutsche Bank,
The New York Times Company, Empire Blue Cross Blue Shield, Waterhouse
Securities, Citigroup, Bank of New York, Raytheon Corp., Deloitte & Touche,
Interpublic Group, L'Oreal, Fleet Bank and many others.
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As previously noted, the Company arranged the largest office-leasing
transaction in Manhattan, three of the top five and 17 of the top 50 in 2002,
according to a list published in the February 10, 2003 issue of Crain's New York
Business. Insignia's creativity and transaction-structuring expertise have been
recognized by a leading trade group, which annually recognizes two New York City
transactions as its "Deals of the Year." The Company has been the recipient of
such awards in six of the past seven years, including in 2002 (awarded for the
Company's representation of The New York Times Company in connection with a new
corporate headquarters development). The Company has also garnered Retail Deal
of the Year honors in 2001 and 2002. The Company believes that its outstanding
track record in New York provides a distinct competitive advantage.
Competition for third-party commercial property services is based
principally on the cost and the quality of service, including the ability to
enhance asset values. The Company's personnel are experienced in managing a wide
variety of property types in locations throughout the country. This enables
Insignia to offer an owner of a large diversified portfolio the ability to
obtain experienced management for most or all of its properties through one
organization. The Company believes that it has demonstrated an ability to
effectively manage, lease and improve the value of properties. In addition, the
Company believes that it has developed a reputation for quality service and
attention to detail for clients, investors and tenants alike. The Company also
believes that its economies of scale and management information systems allow it
to offer services efficiently and at an overall cost that is competitive with or
less expensive than those offered by other property service companies. Because
of its size and diversity, the Company is able to control operating costs by
spreading fixed overhead expenses across its large service base, which enhances
profitability and enables Insignia to pass cost savings on to the property
owners for which it provides services.
Europe
Competition is also intense among commercial service providers in Europe.
The Company's U.K. subsidiary has established itself as a market leader with a
"top three" position in the U.K. in commercial property markets. The Company
believes that its U.K. subsidiary's operations and reputation place Insignia at
a strategic advantage over other primary competitors including DTZ Jean Thouard,
Jones Lang LaSalle, CB Hillier Parker, Knight Frank, Cushman & Wakefield and FPD
Savills. In France, the real estate marketplace is led by Vendome Rome Auguste
Thouard and Insignia Bourdais. CB Richard Ellis (tenant representation), Jones
Lang LaSalle (investment and agency leasing), Cushman & Wakefield, DTZ Jean
Thouard, Soprec and Keops are other key competitors in France. In Spain, the
major competitors are CB Richard Ellis, Aguirre Newman and Jones Lang LaSalle.
The Company believes that its service lines in Spain are unique through combined
transactional expertise and the specialist consulting skills of the former
Arthur Andersen employees.
Residential Real Estate Service Operations
The Company's residential real estate services have been performed
throughout the New York City marketplace by Insignia Douglas Elliman and
Insignia Residential Group. These businesses, which were sold on March 14, 2003
(see "Discontinued Operations" below), provide services including apartment
sales, rental brokerage, condominium and cooperative apartment management and
mortgage brokerage services. In 2002, these residential businesses produced
aggregate service revenues of $133.7 million, or approximately 19% of the
Company's total service revenues.
New York City Apartment Sales and Rentals
Insignia Douglas Elliman provides apartment sales and rental brokerage
services in the New York City residential cooperative, condominium and rental
apartment markets. In addition to New York City, Insignia Douglas Elliman also
operates in upscale suburban markets in Long Island (Manhasset, Locust Valley
and Port Washington/Sands Point). Through Insignia Douglas Elliman, the Company
has commanded a prominent position in the New York metropolitan marketplace with
gross sales volume in 2002 of approximately $2.8 billion. In 2002, Insignia
Douglas Elliman generated service revenues of approximately $107.1 million, up
15% from $92.9 million in 2001.
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New York City Apartment Management
Insignia Residential Group operates as the largest manager of cooperative,
condominium and rental apartments in the New York metropolitan area, providing
full service third-party fee management for more than 250 properties, comprising
approximately 60,000 residential units. Among the notable properties currently
managed by Insignia Residential Group in the New York metropolitan area are the
Worldwide Plaza, London Terrace and Peter Cooper Village/Stuyvesant Town, an
11,000-unit residential community owned by Metropolitan Life. Manhattan is the
largest market for Insignia Residential Group, although it also maintains a
presence in three other boroughs of New York City as well as Long Island,
Westchester County and Northern New Jersey. In addition to property management,
Insignia Residential Group also offers mortgage brokerage services, including
resale and financing arrangements for cooperative and condominium corporations
through third-party financial institutions. Insignia Residential Group generated
total service revenues of $26.5 million in 2002.
REAL ESTATE PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES
Insignia, through Insignia Financial Services, has historically invested in
real estate assets and real estate debt securities. Insignia has engaged in real
estate investment generally through: (i) investment in operating properties
through co-investments with various clients or, in limited instances, by itself;
(ii) investment in and development of commercial real estate on its own behalf
and through co-investments; and (iii) minority ownership in and management of
private investment funds, whose investments primarily consist of securitized
real estate debt. While the Company is continuing to invest in debt securities
through the private investment funds, it is currently not engaged in new
investments in operating properties or development assets. The Company intends
to continue investment in existing property assets as needed or required by
current business plans.
At December 31, 2002, Insignia's co-investment partners included the
following notable business entities: Citigroup, GE Investments, ING Barings,
Blackacre Capital Management, Lennar, Praedium, Lone Star Opportunity Fund,
Prudential, Whitehall Street Real Estate, Walton Street and Investcorp. As of
December 31, 2002, the Company's real estate investments totaled $134.1 million,
consisting of the following: (i) $21.1 million in minority-owned operating
properties; (ii) $85.2 million of real estate carrying value attributable to
three investment entities consolidated by Insignia for financial reporting
purposes; (iii) $10.0 million in four minority owned development properties;
(iv) $1.7 million in a land parcel held for development; and (v) $16.1 million
in minority-owned real estate debt investment funds. The properties owned by the
consolidated entities are subject to mortgage debt of $66.8 million such that
Insignia's equity investment in the properties totaled only $21.7 million at
December 31, 2002. Insignia's investment in consolidated properties includes a
$19.3 million equity investment in a development property in the U.S. Virgin
Islands (discussed under "Development" below).
In addition to venture related investment returns, Insignia generates
revenues from fee-based services provided to the real estate investment
entities. Such revenues generally include property management fees, asset
management fees, development fees, leasing commissions, acquisition fees, sales
commissions or financing fees.
Insignia maintains an incentive compensation program pursuant to which
certain employees, including executive officers, participate in the profits
generated by its real estate investments, through grants of either equity
interests (at or about the time investments are made) or contractual rights to
participate in proceeds from successful investments.
Such grants generally consist of an aggregate of 50% to 63.5% of the cash
proceeds paid to Insignia after Insignia has recovered its full investment plus
a 10% per annum return thereon. Such percentage includes discretionary incentive
payments of 5% to 10% paid upon disposition to certain employees who contributed
to the success of an investment. With respect to the private investment funds,
employees are collectively entitled to share 55% to 60% of proceeds received by
Insignia in respect of its promoted profits participation in those funds.
Employees share only in promoted profits of the private investment funds and are
not entitled to any portion of earnings on the Company's actual investment
(before promotes). Gains on sales of real estate and equity earnings are
recorded net of employee participation and discretionary incentive payments.
Payments to employees for years 2002, 2001 and 2000 totaled $8.1 million, $10.8
million and $7.9 million, respectively.
The Compensation Committee of the Company's Board of Directors, with the
advice of third party professionals, has completed a review of policies relating
to management participation in the Company's real estate investment program in
the context of Insignia's entire incentive compensation program for senior
management. The Committee has determined that all future promote interests
granted to members of senior management shall have a
7
co-investment requirement (such that any such individual has money at risk) and
a netting requirement (such that losses on poor investments are netted with
gains on successful investments). These requirements apply to investment
transactions initiated (but not necessarily consummated) by the Company on and
after July 29, 2002. The Company's principal investment programs are more fully
described below.
Property Investment
The Company maintains minority investments in operating real estate assets
including office, retail, industrial, apartment and hotel properties. As of
December 31, 2002, Insignia held equity investments totaling $21.1 million in 30
minority owned property assets. These properties consist of approximately 6.0
million square feet of commercial property and 1,967 multi-family apartment
units and hotel rooms. The Company's minority ownership interests in
co-investment property range from 1% to 33%. Gains realized from sales of real
estate by minority owned ventures totaled $4.2 million in 2002, $11.0 million in
2001 and $3.9 million in 2000. Such amounts are included in the caption "equity
earnings in unconsolidated ventures" in the Company's consolidated statements of
operations.
Insignia also consolidates two operating properties, a wholly-owned retail
property located in Norman, Oklahoma and a New York City apartment complex owned
by a limited partnership in which the Company owns a 1% controlling general
partner interest. These two properties contain approximately 155,000 square feet
of commercial space and 420 multi-family apartment units. With respect to the
New York City apartment complex, in addition to its 1% interest, Insignia is
entitled to approximately $1.3 million of the first $7.3 million distributed and
approximately 45% of all additional distributions. In July 2002, Insignia
invested approximately $1.3 million in the second tier limited partnership
owning the New York City apartment complex as a new limited partner pursuant to
a $1.5 million equity financing and the purchase of an existing partners
interest. The remaining equity financing was received in June 2002 from existing
limited partners. Certain executives and other employees of Insignia have the
right to acquire from the Company, at its cost, approximately 50% of the $1.3
million limited partner investment made in July 2002. Such executives and
employees have no other incentive grants or participation rights with respect to
this investment.
Although Insignia's economic interest in the New York City apartment
complex at the time of its initial investment was nominal (until the limited
partners received a return of all invested capital), the Company commenced
consolidating this property in its financial statements as of January 1, 2002
because (i) the partnership agreement for the property-owning partnership grants
the general partner complete authority over the management and affairs of the
partnership, including any sale or refinancing of its sole asset without limited
partner approval, and (ii) accounting principles generally accepted in the
United States require consolidation on the basis of voting control (regardless
of the level of equity ownership).
At December 31, 2002, the carrying amounts of these two consolidated
properties totaled $46.4 million, and non-recourse real estate mortgage debt
totaled $46.8 million. In September 2002, a consolidated retail property was
sold for a $1.3 million net gain. The gain is included under the caption "other
income, net" in the Company's consolidated statements of operations.
Development
The Company's development programs include minority-owned office
development projects and a wholly-owned marina based development located in the
U.S. Virgin Islands.
In July 2002, a subsidiary of the Company acquired three contiguous parcels
of property and related leasehold rights in St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands,
which comprise 32.3 acres of property, including 18 submerged acres with full
water rights. The initial purchase price was approximately $35.0 million, paid
with $18.5 million in cash and $20.0 million borrowed by the subsidiary under a
non-recourse $40.0 million mortgage loan facility. The property is currently
undergoing predevelopment activities together with operating activities of an
existing marina. The property and its debt are consolidated in the Company's
consolidated financial statements. Insignia's equity investment in the property
totaled $19.3 million at December 31, 2002.
In January 2003, Insignia filed the Coastal Zone Management ("CZM")
development permit applications with the appropriate government agencies in St.
Thomas, U. S. Virgin Islands. The permits include the proposal for
re-development and beautification of the former Yacht Haven site at Charlotte
Amalie in St. Thomas. The proposed
8
Yacht Haven re-development envisions the creation of a world-class marina
intended to enhance private and charter yacht traffic to the U.S. Virgin Islands
as well as the development of commercial, retail and entertainment-oriented
properties that will broaden and enhance shopping, dining and recreational
options for tourists and residents. Demolition and construction activities are
expected to commence as soon as final governmental approvals have been received.
Submission of the CZM applications is a significant milestone in the
planned re-development, signaling the commencement of the public review, comment
and final approval process. A public hearing on the project was held in St.
Thomas on March 3, 2003. On March 13, 2003, the CZM Commission of St. Thomas
unanimously approved the Company's permit applications. The Company's permits
are also subject to approval and ratification by both the Governor and the
Legislature of the US Virgin Islands, which is anticipated to occur in April
2003.
Insignia also has minority ownership in four office projects whose
development is directed by the Company and owns a parcel of land in Denver,
located adjacent to one of the office developments, that is held for future
development. Development activities on the four office buildings have been
completed, other than tenant improvements associated with additional leasing.
The following table provides information for the four office development
projects as of December 31, 2002.
DEVELOPMENT PROJECT OWNERSHIP INTEREST OPERATING STATUS SQUARE FEET
------------------- ------------------ ---------------- -----------
Dallas office project 30% 100% leased 125,000
Portland flex project 30% 60% leased 211,000
Denver office project 25% 72% leased 265,000
Portland downtown office project 33% 1% leased 222,500
The Company's only financial obligations with respect to the office
developments, beyond its investment, are partial construction financing
guarantees, backed by letters of credit, totaling $8.9 million. The Company's
investment in the office development assets and land parcel totaled $11.7
million at December 31, 2002. The Company has not initiated any new office
developments since September 2000 and does not currently intend to further
expand this development program.
Private Investment Funds
At December 31, 2002, Insignia had equity investments of $16.1 million in
two private investment funds, Insignia Opportunity Trust ("IOT") and Insignia
Opportunity Partners II, L.P. ("IOP II") and had a commitment to invest an
additional $2.1 million in IOP II. The Company's investment at December 31, 2002
included equity earnings through that date; approximately $2.2 million of cash
associated with that equity earnings was subsequently received in the form of a
distribution in January 2003 (thereby reducing investment book value). IOT
represents a real estate investment that operates through its subsidiary
operating partnership, Insignia Opportunity Partners ("IOP"). The investment
objectives of these funds are to invest primarily in real estate debt securities
with a focus on below investment grade commercial mortgage-backed securities.
The gross carrying value of assets owned by the two funds was approximately
$150.0 million as of December 31, 2002.
IOT completed its deployment of committed capital in 2002 and IOP II had
called $28.2 million of its $48.5 million of total capital commitments at
December 31, 2002. Three executive officers of the Company have committed $2.25
million to IOP II on the same basis as all other investors. Insignia holds
aggregate ownership interests of approximately 13% in IOT and IOP and 10% in IOP
II and is currently entitled to additional profits participations of 10% in IOP
and 5% in IOP II, subject to a return of capital to investors in the case of IOP
II. Insignia's additional profits participations could increase to as much as
30% in IOP and 50% in IOP II, depending on the performance of the funds.
Insignia's earnings from its investments in IOP and IOP II totaled $4.0 million,
$2.6 million and $911,000 in years 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. These
earnings are included in equity earnings in unconsolidated ventures (net of
employee incentive participations of $2.0 million, $745,000 and $323,000 in
2002, 2001 and 2000) in the Company's consolidated statements of operations.
9
CB RICHARD ELLIS MERGER AGREEMENT
On February 17, 2003, Insignia entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger
(the "Merger Agreement") with CBRE Holding, Inc., CB Richard Ellis Services,
Inc. ("CB") and Apple Acquisition Corp., a wholly owned subsidiary of CB,
pursuant to which, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth
therein, Apple Acquisition Corp. will be merged with and into Insignia (the
"Merger"), with Insignia being the surviving corporation in the Merger and
becoming a wholly owned subsidiary of CB. The Merger Agreement provides that
Insignia's Certificate of Incorporation and the Bylaws of Apple Acquisition
Corp. will be the Certificate of Incorporation and the Bylaws, respectively, of
the surviving corporation. Under the Merger Agreement, at closing each share of
common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of Insignia (the "Common Stock") will
be converted into the right to receive $11.00 per share in cash (the "Common
Merger Consideration"). In addition, Insignia has the right, but not the
obligation, to sell certain real estate assets (excluding assets of the service
businesses) prior to the closing of the Merger. If Insignia receives more than a
specified amount of cash net proceeds (generally $45.0 million, net of expenses,
plus any amounts contributed or transferred to the entities holding these assets
between February 17, 2003 and the closing of the Merger) for these assets, the
excess net cash proceeds will be paid to holders of Common Stock, options,
warrants and unvested restricted stock as additional Common Merger
Consideration, up to an additional $1.00 per share of Common Stock. There can be
no assurance that Insignia will sell any of these assets or, if it does, that it
will receive more than the specified amount through the asset sales. Additional
Common Merger Consideration above $11.00 per share will be determined based on a
denominator of approximately 26,500,000 common shares, options, warrants and
unvested restricted stock. As a result, excess net cash proceeds of
approximately $6.6 million over the specified amount would be required for each
additional $0.25 increment of Common Merger Consideration. Total net cash
proceeds from asset sales necessary to achieve the maximum $1.00 of additional
Common Merger Consideration would approximate $71.5 million.
The Merger Agreement further provides that all of Insignia's directors will
resign immediately prior to the completion of the Merger. Following the Merger,
Insignia will cease to be a reporting company under the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934, as amended, and its Common Stock will cease to be traded on the New
York Stock Exchange. Consummation of the Merger requires approval by Insignia's
shareholders, CB's receipt of equity and debt financing, the receipt of
regulatory approvals and other customary closing conditions. In connection with
the Merger Agreement, several members of senior management of Insignia (who
collectively own approximately 6.6% of voting shares) entered into Voting
Agreements with CB and Insignia (the "Voting Agreements"), pursuant to which
these individuals agreed to vote their shares in favor of approving the Merger
Agreement, the Merger and the other transactions contemplated by the Merger and
the Merger Agreement and to vote their shares against any acquisition proposal
from a third-party.
In early 2003, Insignia sold two minority-owned assets in the ordinary
course of business and continues to consider or explore potentially selling
certain other existing real estate investments, as permitted by the Merger
Agreement, in an effort to provide additional Common Merger Consideration to the
holders of Common Stock, options, warrants and unvested restricted stock. Due to
the limited time available to market such investment assets for potential sale
prior to the closing of the Merger, which is expected to occur no later than
July 14, 2003, there can be no assurances that any asset sales would not result
in losses.
10
DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
Sale of Insignia Residential Group and Insignia Douglas Elliman
On March 14, 2003, Insignia completed the sale of its New York-based
residential businesses, Insignia Residential Group and Insignia Douglas Elliman,
to Montauk Battery Realty, LLC. The financial terms of the sale included the
payment of $66.75 million to Insignia at closing and a potential additional $1.0
million receivable one year from closing. In addition, the buyer acceded to
additional contingent earnout obligations of Insignia Douglas Elliman totaling
up to $4.0 million, depending on the future performance of the business.
Insignia will discontinue the operations of these businesses for financial
reporting purposes in the first quarter of 2003. These residential businesses
collectively produced service revenues in 2002, 2001 and 2000 of $133.7 million,
$119.2 million and $134.1 million, respectively. Simultaneous with closing,
Insignia paid down $67.0 million on its senior revolving credit facility,
decreasing outstanding borrowings to $28.0 million.
Sale of Realty One
In December 2001, Insignia entered into a contract to sell its Realty One
single-family home brokerage business and affiliated companies to Real Living,
Inc., effective as of December 31, 2001. Real Living, Inc. is a privately held
company formed by HER Realtors of Columbus, Ohio and Huff Realty of Cincinnati,
Ohio. The sale closed on January 31, 2002. Proceeds from the sale potentially
total $33.0 million, including approximately $29.0 million in cash received at
closing (before extinguishment of $5.5 million of Realty One debt) and
additional receipts aggregating as much as $4.0 million. The additional receipts
include the following: (i) a $1.0 million reimbursement, collected in February
2002, for Realty One operating losses in January 2002; (ii) a potential earn-out
of as much as $2.0 million receivable over the next two years (depending on the
performance of the Realty One business); and (iii) a $1.0 million operating
lease receivable quarterly over four years for the use of proprietary software
developed by Insignia for an internet-based residential brokerage model. The
$2.0 million earnout is receivable in increments of $1.0 million each for the
2002 and 2003 fiscal years. Based on preliminary financial information for the
2002 year, the first $1.0 million earnout is expected to be achieved in full and
should be received by the Company on or about April 30, 2003, as required by the
terms of the sale. Remaining amounts due to Insignia under the terms of the sale
totaling $2.7 million were included in "other assets" in the Company's
consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2002.
Insignia discontinued Realty One's operations for financial reporting
purposes and recognized a loss in connection with the sale of Realty One of
$17.6 million (net of applicable tax benefit of $4.0 million) for the year ended
December 31, 2001. In 2002, the Company reported net income of $4.9 million from
discontinued operations, including $265,000 (net of tax) in post-closing
adjustments in the first quarter and $4.7 million in the third quarter from the
reduction of a valuation allowance on the tax benefit on the capital portion of
the loss on sale. The capital loss had been fully reserved in 2001 because of
uncertainty of its deductibility due to loss disallowance rules in the Treasury
Regulations and insufficient income of the appropriate character. In the third
quarter of 2002, it was determined that the loss would be fully deductible for
tax purposes, resulting in the realization of the $4.7 million tax benefit for
financial reporting purposes.
11
CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES
Stock-Based Compensation
In September 2002, the Company adopted the fair value expense recognition
provisions of Statements of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 123,
Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation, in accounting for its employee stock
options. The accounting change resulted in the expensing of the estimated fair
value of employee stock options granted by the Company, applied on a prospective
basis for all stock options granted on or after January 1, 2002. The Company
previously followed Accounting Principles Board ("APB") Opinion No. 25,
Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees. Under APB Opinion No. 25, no
compensation expense is recognized when the exercise price of an employee stock
option equals or exceeds the market price at issuance.
The Company issued 290,000 employee options during 2002. The fair value of
these options has been estimated as of the date of grant using the Black-Scholes
option pricing model with the following assumptions: (i) estimated stock price
volatility of 40%; (ii) risk free interest rate of 2.5%; (iii) weighted average
option life of 3.9 years; and (iv) a forfeiture rate of 3%. Under these
assumptions, the aggregate value of the options totaled $842,000, which is
amortizable to expense over the vesting periods of five years. Stock option
compensation expense recognized in 2002 under SFAS No. 123 totaled $154,000.
Insignia does not expense the value of outstanding options issued before January
1, 2002. Information about values of those options and the estimated pro forma
effect if expensed is disclosed in the notes to the Company's consolidated
financial statements included in Item 15 of this Form 10-K. The ultimate impact
of the accounting change on the Company's future earnings will depend on the
number of options issued in the future, as to which the Company has no specific
plan, and the estimated value of each option.
The Black-Scholes option valuation model was developed for use in
estimating the fair value of transferable options and warrants with no vesting
restrictions. This method requires the input of subjective assumptions including
the expected stock price volatility and weighted average expected life of the
options. The Company's employee stock options have characteristics significantly
different from those of transferable options and changes in the subjective input
assumptions can materially affect the value estimate. The Black-Scholes model is
not the only reliable measure that could be used to determine the fair value of
employee stock options. The Company believes that any and all valuations of
employee stock options will necessarily be estimates.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
In June 2001, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB") issued SFAS
No. 141, Business Combinations, and No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible
Assets. SFAS 141 replaced APB 16 and requires the use of the purchase method for
all business combinations initiated after June 30, 2001. It also provides
guidance on purchase accounting related to the recognition of intangible assets.
Under SFAS 142, goodwill and other intangible assets deemed to have indefinite
lives are no longer amortized but are subject to impairment tests on an annual
basis, at a minimum, or whenever events or circumstances occur indicating
goodwill or indefinite-lived intangibles might be impaired. Other acquired
intangible assets with finite lives continue to be amortized over their
estimated useful lives. The Company adopted SFAS No. 141 for all business
combinations completed after June 30, 2001 and fully implemented SFAS No. 141
and SFAS No. 142 effective January 1, 2002. The Company identified its reporting
units and determined the carrying value of each reporting unit by assigning
assets and liabilities, including the existing goodwill and intangible assets,
to those units as of January 1, 2002 for purposes of performing a required
transitional goodwill impairment assessment within six months of adoption.
In early 2002, the Company performed internal analyses on its reporting
units based on estimated industry multiples and the carrying values of tangible
and intangible assets which demonstrated that the value of the Company's U.S.
commercial operation significantly exceeded its carrying value and that goodwill
of the Asian operation was fully impaired. These analyses also indicated
potential impairment in the Company's European operations and Insignia Douglas
Elliman. The Company engaged Standard & Poor's to value the European and
Insignia Douglas Elliman operations and those appraisals indicated no impairment
in the Company's European operations and partial impairment in Insignia Douglas
Elliman. As a result of this evaluation, Insignia measured impairment for
Insignia Douglas Elliman and the Asian business of an aggregate $30.0 million,
before applicable taxes. The Company recorded a $20.6 million (net of tax
benefit of $9.4 million) transitional goodwill impairment charge in earnings as
the cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle, effective January 1,
2002.
12
The Company concluded its annual impairment test as of December 31, 2002
and that test did not demonstrate further goodwill impairment. The estimation of
business values for measuring goodwill impairment is highly subjective and
selections of different projected income levels and valuation multiples within
observed ranges can yield different results.
Revenue Recognition
At December 31, 2000, the Company changed its method of accounting for
revenue recognition for leasing commissions in compliance with Staff Accounting
Bulletin 101 ("SAB 101"), Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements, effective
as of January 1, 2000. Prior to the accounting change, the Company generally
recognized leasing commissions upon execution of the underlying lease, unless
significant contingencies existed. Under the new accounting method, adopted
retroactive to January 1, 2000, the Company's leasing commissions that are
payable upon certain events such as tenant occupancy or payment of rent are
recognized upon the occurrence of such events.
At adoption, the cumulative effect of the accounting change on prior years
resulted in a reduction to income of $30.4 million (net of applicable taxes of
$23.3 million), which is included in the net loss for the year ended December
31, 2000. Operating results for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000
are presented in compliance with the requirements of this accounting change.
While this accounting change affects the timing of recognition of leasing
revenues (and corresponding commission expense), it does not impact the
Company's cash flow from operations.
PRIVATE FINANCING
In June 2002, Insignia executed agreements for $50.0 million of new capital
through a private investment by funds affiliated with Blackacre Capital
Management, LLC ("Blackacre"). The investment consists of $12.5 million in newly
issued shares of Series B convertible preferred stock and a commitment to
provide $37.5 million of subordinated debt. The preferred stock carries an 8.5%
annual dividend, payable quarterly at Insignia's option in cash or in kind, and
is convertible into Insignia common stock at a price of $15.40 per share,
subject to adjustment. The preferred stock has a perpetual term, although
Insignia may call the preferred stock, at stated value, after June 7, 2005. In
February 2000, Blackacre purchased $25.0 million of convertible preferred stock,
which has now been exchanged for a Series A convertible preferred stock with an
8.5% annual dividend and a conversion price of $14.00 per share.
The Blackacre credit facility, which is subordinate to Insignia's senior
credit facility, bears interest at an annual rate of 11.25% to 12.25%, payable
quarterly, depending on the amount borrowed. In July 2002, Insignia borrowed
$15.0 million under the credit facility. The proceeds were used to finance the
purchase of the development property and related leasehold rights in St. Thomas,
United States Virgin Islands (discussed under "Real Estate Principal Investment
Activities" above). Insignia may draw down the remaining $22.5 million of
availability at any time until December 2003. Any further borrowings will bear
interest at 12.25%. The subordinated debt has a final maturity of June 2009.
Blackacre has agreed to the conversion of the convertible preferred stock
into a cash amount equal to the stated value of $100.00 per share plus accrued
and unpaid dividends in the event that the proposed Merger is consummated. In
addition, borrowings under the subordinated credit agreement would be repaid and
the credit agreement terminated simultaneous with the closing of the Merger.
INDUSTRY SEGMENT DATA
Insignia's operating activities encompass two segments in 2002 that include
(i) commercial real estate services, including principal investment activities,
and (ii) residential real estate services. In 2001 and 2000, the Company's
operating activities included internet-based investment initiatives as a third
segment. The Company's segments include businesses that offer similar products
and services and are managed separately because of the distinction between such
services. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those used in
the preparation of the consolidated financial statements.
The commercial segment provides services including tenant representation,
property and asset management, agency leasing and brokerage, investment sales,
development and re-development, consulting and other services.
13
The commercial segment also includes the Company's principal real estate
investment activities and fund management. Insignia's commercial segment is
comprised of the operations of Insignia/ESG in the U.S., Insignia Richard Ellis
in the U.K., Insignia Bourdais in France (which commenced operations in January
2002) and other businesses in continental Europe, Asia and Latin America. The
residential segment provides services including apartment brokerage and leasing,
rental brokerage, property management and mortgage brokerage services and
consists of the New York based operations of Insignia Douglas Elliman and
Insignia Residential Group. The Company's unallocated administrative expenses
and corporate assets, consisting primarily of cash and property and equipment,
are included in "Other" in the segment reporting. The Company's internet-based
initiatives launched in 1999 were terminated in 2001. Segment operations are
disclosed in the notes to the accompanying consolidated financial statements of
the Company included in Item 15 of this Form 10-K. These financial statements
should be read in conjunction with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations" included in Item 7 of this Form
10-K.
SEASONALITY
Seasonal factors affecting the Company are disclosed under "Risk Factors"
below and in Item 7 of this Form 10-K, "Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations" under the caption "Nature of
Operations."
2003 OUTLOOK
Insignia's 2002 performance was highlighted by strength in U.K. investment
sales, the Paris market and the New York City residential market, offset by weak
commercial leasing markets in the U.S. and around the world. The leasing
weakness affected U.S. commercial operations more than the Company's other
businesses due to the heavy concentration of leasing services in the Company's
U.S. business mix.
With more than 60% of its business mix in consulting and investment
services, the U.K. operations felt only minimal effect from the weakness in the
London leasing market. The U.K. investment market, in contrast, remained robust,
and Insignia maintained its leading position in this segment. Activity was paced
by the $490 million sale of Shell Mex House - the largest property disposition
in central London last year - as well as the $1 billion sale of the 224-property
Travelodge hotel portfolio.
In France, Insignia's first-year performance following the December 2001
acquisition of Groupe Bourdais exceeded expectations. The results were bolstered
by resiliency within the Paris leasing market, which suffered less severely than
many other world business centers during the 2002 downturn.
U.S. commercial operations in 2002 mirrored the weak state of the economy
and attendant sharp slowdown in leasing activity. Office demand was lackluster
in virtually every major business center, with many markets recording 10-year or
more lows in leasing velocity. Insignia's U.S. business volume fell in step with
the macro-markets. Improved market performance in 2003 is dependent on stronger
sustained economic activity that has not yet emerged. Business confidence has
not been fully restored. A major unknown is the potential effect of the
impending war in Iraq and other geopolitical global tensions, which have
constrained business decision making in early 2003. Such circumstances beyond
the Company's control could inflict a blow to business confidence or return the
economy back into a negative growth mode, which would adversely hinder any
possible recovery of the national leasing markets. Even under an optimistic
scenario for the U.S. economy, the New York market in 2003 is expected to remain
in its softest condition since the 1991-92 period due to the continued
contraction of the financial services sector. Insignia's U.S. commercial
services business will not fully recover in 2003 without a meaningful upturn in
New York.
The outlook in Europe for 2003 remains mixed. Capital-flows into London and
Paris remain strong, driven by historic low interest rates and the high current
property yields relative to other investments. Conversely, leasing markets in
Europe, particularly London, remain sluggish. As a result, the outlook in Europe
for 2003 remains cautious.
Momentum in the New York residential market is expected to continue in 2003.
Demand for New York apartments remains strong, notwithstanding the reduction in
employment levels. We believe many purchasers see New York City housing as a
relatively stable alternative to the stock market, which has posted negative
returns for three years.
14
However, New York real estate values have demonstrated stability in pricing, but
are taking more time to sell. Slow, steady price appreciation - coupled with low
financing costs and a still-low supply of available apartments - should sustain
a continued healthy market in 2003.
RISK FACTORS
Proposed Merger with CB Richard Ellis
On February 17, 2003, Insignia entered into the Merger Agreement with CB
Richard Ellis Services, Inc. and certain of its affiliates. The closing of the
Merger is expected to occur no later than July 14, 2003, unless the Merger
Agreement is earlier terminated in accordance with its terms. The Merger
Agreement imposes numerous limitations on the Company's ability to take actions
without the consent of CB during the interim period between signing of the
Merger Agreement and closing of the Merger. For example, there are limitations
on the Company's ability to enter into new material contracts, to sell, lease or
otherwise dispose of material assets, to make capital expenditures, to hire new
employees, brokers and independent contractors, to increase compensation or pay
bonuses and to incur additional indebtedness.
Since the announcement of the signing of the Merger Agreement, certain
affiliates, employees, brokers and independent contractors of the Company have
terminated or indicated a willingness to terminate their relationship with the
Company. Also, several existing clients of the Company and other prospective
clients have terminated or indicated that they may terminate their relationship
and discussions with the Company. It is possible that further losses of
affiliates, employees, brokers, independent contractors and clients could take
place before the closing of the Merger. In the event that the Merger Agreement
is terminated by any party and the Merger is not consummated, the limitations
imposed on the Company's operations during the interim period and any loss of
employees, brokers, independent contractors and clients may have a material
adverse effect on the Company's business and financial performance, including
impeding the growth of the Company's business, hurting its competitive standing
in the marketplace and resulting in a significant loss of business and
corresponding revenues. In the event the Merger is consummated, there can be no
assurance that the Company will have been able to sell certain real estate
assets for aggregate net cash proceeds in excess of the amount required
(generally $45.0 million, subject to increase) and which would be necessary to
increase the Common Merger Consideration to more than $11.00 per share.
Market Conditions
Periods of economic slowdown or recession, rising interest rates or
declining demand for real estate will adversely affect Insignia's business and
may cause, among other things:
o a decline in leasing activity;
o a decline in consumer demand for Manhattan residences;
o a declines in the availability of capital for investment in and
mortgage financing for commercial real estate; and
o a decline in rental rates and/or a decline in real estate prices, with
a commensurate decline in real estate service revenues, such as leasing
and brokerage commissions and management fees.
The real estate market tends to be cyclical and related to the condition of
the economy as a whole or, at least, to the public perception of the economic
outlook. Capital availability also tends to be cyclical, leading to periods of
excess supply or shortages. When supply is constrained or the economic outlook
is poor, leasing volumes may decline. When capital is constrained or there is
excess supply, property investment volume may decline.
Principal Investment Activities
Generally, the Company's investment strategy has involved identifying
investment opportunities and investing as a minority owner in entities formed to
acquire such assets. In limited instances, the Company also invested alone in
the acquisition of operating real estate and development property. Accordingly,
the Company's ability to make those kinds of investments depends in part on the
supply of third party investment capital for commercial real estate and related
assets.
15
Each entity in which the Company holds an investment is a single purpose
entity, the assets of which are subject to the obligations only of that entity.
Each entity's debt, except to the extent of the letters of credit and guarantees
mentioned below, is either (i) non-recourse except to the real estate assets of
the subject entity (subject to limited exceptions standard in such non-recourse
financing, including fraud, theft, the misapplication of rents or environmental
liabilities) or (ii) an obligation solely of such limited liability entity and
thus is non-recourse to other assets of the Company. Insignia's other financial
obligations to all such real estate entities (excluding private investment
funds, discussed below) totaled $11.9 million at December 31, 2002. Such
obligations consisted of the following: (i) $8.9 million of letters of credit
backing construction loans on development properties; (ii) $2.8 million of other
letters of credit and guarantees of property debt; and (iii) $150,000 in future
capital commitments for property improvements.
The Company's principal investments carry inherent risk, including the loss
of the Company's entire investment in any single asset. Because the disposition
of a single significant investment can impact the Company's financial
performance in any period, the Company's real estate investment activities could
increase (and have historically increased) fluctuations in the Company's net
income. The Company's acquisition of additional investments is subject to the
availability of capital to fund such investments. Because covenants in the
Company's revolving credit facility restrict the Company's ability to incur
indebtedness and to raise additional capital in many respects, the Company's
investment activities may be limited, which may impact the Company's future
financial performance. An inability to acquire additional investments will
reduce the likelihood that the Company will realize investment gains in future
periods. The Company, as a minority owner in investments it does acquire, has
limited control over the timing of the disposition of these investments and the
realization of any gain.
The Company evaluates all real estate investments on a quarterly basis for
evidence of impairment. Impairment losses are recognized whenever events or
changes in circumstances indicate declines in value of such investments below
carrying value and the related estimated cash flows are not sufficient to
recover the Company's investment carrying amount. Generally, Insignia relies
upon the expertise of its own property professionals to assess real estate
values; however, in certain circumstances where Insignia considers its expertise
limited with respect to a particular investment, third party valuations may also
be obtained. Property valuations and estimates of related future cash flows are
by nature subjective and will vary from actual results.
The Company provides real estate services to and receives real estate
service fees from the entities comprising its principal investment activities.
Such fees generally include property management fees, asset management fees,
development management fees, leasing commissions, acquisition fees, sales
commissions or financing fees. With respect to fees that are currently recorded
as expense by the entities, the Company includes the fees in current income,
while its share as owner of such fee is reflected in the income or loss from the
investment entity. If the fee is capitalized by the investment entity, the
Company records only the portion of the fee attributable to third party
ownership and defers the portion attributable to its ownership. The amount of
fees received in cash by the Company during 2002, 2001 and 2000 from such real
estate entities totaled approximately $8.0 million, $8.5 million and $13.3
million, respectively. Of such fees, $599,000, $684,000 and $788,000 in 2002,
2001 and 2000, respectively, were not recognized in revenue during the periods
by virtue of the Company's ownership interest.
Private Investment Funds
The Company has formed two private investment funds to make opportunistic
investments in real estate related assets, primarily real estate debt securities
with an emphasis on below investment grade securitized debt obligations backed
by mortgages on commercial and multifamily real estate. As of December 31, 2002,
the Company had, through special-purpose subsidiaries, investments totaling
$16.1 million in the two funds and had an obligation to invest an additional
$2.1 million in the second fund. The Company also receives certain fees in
connection with its management of the investments made by these funds. The
Company's minority ownership in these two entities ranges from 10% to 13%
(excluding profits participation interests).
The investments made by the funds are subject to risks similar to those to
which the Company and its co-investment activities are subject, including risks
associated with economic downturns, interest rate fluctuations and declining
demand for real estate. In addition, the activity of identifying, acquiring and
realizing on attractive real estate investment securities and non-securitized
obligations has, from time to time, been highly competitive and involves a high
degree of uncertainty. There can be no assurance that the Company's funds will
recognize their rate of return objectives.
16
The risk with respect to these investments is increased by the use of
leverage to finance assets. While such leverage has generally been maintained at
no more that 25% of total capital, leverage available for this purpose has been
limited to repurchase agreement financing. Such financing is much like margin
debt, and declines in the value of the assets financed could potentially result
in losses from forced sales by the lender. Insignia's exposure to losses is
limited to its investment.
Urban Concentration of Operations
The Company's operations are concentrated in the world's largest financial
centers, including New York, London and Paris, which produced service revenues
in 2002 of $181.1 million, $97.3 million and $35.2 million, respectively,
(collectively generating 44% of the Company's total 2002 service revenues). In
addition to risks related to the local real estate markets and economies of
these cities, there is the risk that unusual events, including events such as
those of September 11, in one or more of these cities could have a material
adverse effect on the Company's business and financial performance.
International Operations
Insignia derived approximately 26% of its total service revenues from
outside the United States in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002. The
increased scope of international operations may lead to more volatile financial
results and difficulties in managing the combined businesses because of, but not
limited to, the following:
o unexpected changes in regulatory requirements;
o the burden of complying with multiple and potentially conflicting laws
in differing jurisdictions;
o the impact of regional or country-specific business cycles and economic
instability;
o currency restrictions and exchange rate fluctuations;
o limited familiarity with local business customs and operating
environments;
o difficulties and costs of staffing and managing international
operations;
o potentially adverse tax and tariff consequences;
o the geographic, time zone, language and cultural differences between
personnel in different areas of the world; and
o war, civil disturbances and terrorist acts.
Insignia intends to expand its international activities and to grow the
markets in which its services and products are available. If the Company were
unable to successfully implement these plans, maintain adequate long-term
strategies that successfully manage the risks associated with its global
business or adequately manage operational fluctuations, its business, results of
operations or financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.
The financial statements of the Company's foreign subsidiaries are measured
using the local currency as the functional currency. The British pound and euro
represent the only foreign currencies of material operations as $178.5 million
in total revenues in 2002, or approximately 25% of the Company's total revenues,
were generated in these currencies. All currencies other than the British pound,
euro and dollar comprise less than 1% of annual revenues. Continued changes in
the value of foreign currencies against the dollar will affect the Company's
future reported financial results in dollars. Revenues and expenses of such
subsidiaries have been translated into U.S. dollars at the average exchange
rates prevailing during the periods. Assets and liabilities have been translated
at the rates of exchange at the balance sheet date. Translation gains and losses
are deferred as a separate component of stockholders' equity in accumulated
other comprehensive income (loss), unless there is a sale or complete
liquidation of the underlying foreign investment. Gains and losses from foreign
currency transactions, such as those resulting from the settlement of foreign
receivables or payables, are included in the consolidated statements of
operations in determining net income.
Insignia is authorized to use currency hedging instruments, including
foreign currency forward contracts, purchased currency options and borrowings in
foreign currency. Insignia had in the past borrowed in pounds and euros under
its revolving credit facility and has entered into forward exchange contracts to
purchase pounds for pound denominated payments. These activities were undertaken
to hedge acquisition costs in Europe. The Company did not have any hedges of
foreign currency exposures outstanding at December 31, 2002 or 2001. Economic
risks associated with these hedging instruments include: (i) unexpected
fluctuations in interest rates
17
impacting Insignia's future buying power for purchasing foreign currencies; and
(ii) unexpected changes in the timing and collection of funds related to the
hedging instruments, both of which can cause hedging instruments to be
ineffective. An ineffective hedging instrument may expose Insignia to currency
losses, which could have an adverse effect on Insignia's business, results of
operations or financial condition. There can be no assurance that such hedging
will be effective, nor can there be any assurance that Insignia will undertake
hedges in the future to prevent losses on its foreign currency investments.
Competition
Insignia competes across a variety of business disciplines within the real
estate services industry, including commercial agency leasing, tenant
representation, corporate property services, property and asset management,
investment sales, development, redevelopment, consulting services, real estate
oriented financial services and equity co-investment, as well as apartment
brokerage and leasing and condominium and cooperative apartment management. In
general, with respect to each of Insignia's business disciplines, it cannot be
assured that it will be able to continue to compete effectively, will be able to
maintain current fee arrangements or margin levels or will not encounter
increased competition. Each of the business disciplines in which Insignia
competes is highly competitive on an international, national, regional and local
level. Depending on the industry segment, Insignia faces competition from other
real estate service providers, institutional lenders, insurance companies,
investment banking firms, investment managers and accounting firms (any of which
may be a global, national, regional or local firm). The consolidation trend has
spawned a number of larger international and national competitors that are
integrated across property types and disciplines; however, many of Insignia's
competitors are local or regional firms, which are substantially smaller in
size, but which may be larger than Insignia in a specific local or regional
market.
The advent of the Internet has introduced new ways of providing real estate
services, as well as new competitors to the industry. Insignia cannot currently
predict which competitors will remain in the industry nor can it predict what
its response to them will be. This response could require significant capital
resources, changes in Insignia's organization or technological changes. If
Insignia is not successful in developing and implementing a strategy to address
the risks and to capture the related opportunities presented by technological
changes, its business, results of operations or financial condition could be
materially adversely affected.
The Company has faced increased competition in recent years. In addition,
in recent years, there has been a significant increase in real estate ownership
by REITs that self-manage their real estate assets. Continuation of this trend
could shrink the number of properties available to be managed by third party
service providers, decrease the demand for the Company's services and thereby
significantly increase its competition. In general, the Company expects the
industry to become increasingly competitive in the future. There can be no
assurance that such competition will not have a material adverse effect on the
Company's business, results of operations or financial condition.
Government Regulation
The Company and its brokers, salespersons and, in some instances, property
managers are regulated by the jurisdictions in which they do business. These
regulations include licensing procedures, prescribed fiduciary responsibilities
and anti-fraud prohibitions. For example, the Company's brokerage of real estate
sales and leasing transactions requires the Company to maintain brokerage
licenses in each jurisdiction in which it operates. If the Company fails to
maintain its licenses or conducts brokerage activities without a license, it may
be required to pay fines or return commissions received or have its license
suspended. The Company's activities are also subject to various local, state,
national and international jurisdictions, fair advertising, trade, housing and
real estate settlement laws and regulations and are affected by laws and
regulations relating to real estate and real estate finance and development. In
particular, a number of jurisdictions have imposed environmental controls,
permitting requirements and zoning restrictions on the development of real
estate.
The Company is subject to laws governing its relationship with employees,
including minimum wage requirements, overtime, working conditions and work
permit requirements. The Company believes that it has the necessary permits and
approvals to operate each of its properties and their respective businesses.
Under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 ("ADA"), all public
accommodations are required to meet certain federal requirements related to
access and use by disabled persons. While the Company believes that the
properties in which it holds an equity interest are substantially in compliance
with these requirements, a
18
determination that such properties are not in compliance with the ADA could
result in the imposition of fines or an award of damages to private litigants.
Brokerage Activities
In addition to the governmental regulations discussed above, as a licensed
real estate broker, Insignia and its licensed employees are subject to statutory
due diligence, disclosure and standard-of-care obligations in connection with
brokerage transactions. Failure to fulfill these obligations could subject
Insignia or its employees to litigation from parties who purchased, sold or
leased properties Insignia or its employees brokered. Insignia may become
subject to claims by participants in real estate sales claiming that Insignia
did not fulfill its statutory obligations as a broker.
Project leasing revenues are derived from the steady turnover of tenants,
which provides the Company with an opportunity to earn a commission paid by the
owner of the property for renewing the existing tenant's lease or releasing the
space to a new tenant. In an economic downturn, occupancy rates can be affected
and there can be no assurance that existing tenants will renew or that new
tenants will be in the real estate market.
The residential brokerage industry is subject to market compression, market
fragmentation and consolidation. Profit margins are being compressed primarily
as a result of increasing commission percentages paid to real estate agents and
rising marketing costs in response to increased market competition.
Property Management
Many of Insignia's property management clients are long-term clients that
use the Company's services for new projects as well as existing assignments. If
Insignia fails to maintain its existing client relationships or fails to develop
and maintain new client relationships, it could experience a material adverse
effect on its business, results of operations or financial condition. Consistent
with general practice in the real estate industry, many of these agreements are
cancelable by the client for any reason on as little as 30 to 60 days' notice.
The Company has been successful in retaining and renewing a significant portion
of its contracts, but may not be able to do so in the future. Moreover,
increased competition may force the Company to renew such contracts on less
favorable terms. The failure to secure renewals of existing contracts or the
necessity of entering into new contracts on less favorable terms could
negatively impact the Company's business, results of operations or financial
condition.
Insignia's revenue from property management services is generally based
upon percentages of the revenue generated by the properties that it manages.
Therefore, Insignia's revenue would be adversely affected by decreases in the
performance of the properties it manages. Property performance typically depends
upon the following factors, many of which are partially or completely outside of
Insignia's control:
o the ability to attract and retain creditworthy tenants;
o the magnitude of defaults by tenants under their respective leases;
o governmental regulations, local rent control or stabilization
ordinances that are or may be put into effect;
o the ability to manage operating expenses;
o various uninsurable risks;
o the nature and extent of competitive properties;
o financial and economic conditions generally and in the specific areas
where properties are located; and
o the real estate market generally.
In addition, in its property management business, Insignia supervises third
party contractors providing construction and engineering services for these
properties. While its role is limited to that of a supervisor, Insignia may be
subjected to claims for construction defects or other similar actions. Adverse
outcomes of property management litigation could negatively impact Insignia's
business, financial condition or results of operations.
19
Seasonality
Insignia's operating income and earnings have historically been lower
during the first three calendar quarters than in the fourth quarter. The reasons
for the concentration of income and earnings in the fourth quarter include a
general, industry-wide focus on completing transactions by calendar year end, as
well as the constant nature of the Company's non-variable expenses throughout
the year versus the seasonality of its revenues. Based on its operating history,
the Company generally expects a pattern of higher revenues and income in the
last half of the year and a gradual slowdown in transactional activity and
corresponding operating results during the first quarter. In 2002, quarterly
operating results were generally consistent with normal seasonal patterns,
although overall performance continued to suffer from poor global economic
conditions. Conversely, the 2001 and 2000 years did not follow this typical
seasonal pattern. As evidence, the second quarter of 2000 was abnormally robust
and even surpassed the good third quarter of that year. In 2001, the Company
realized its best ever first quarter - buoyed by the U.S. commercial business -
yet produced much lower second and third quarters than the preceding year due to
the effects of the global economic slowdown and the tragic events of September
11. In addition, market disruptions like that of the third quarter of 2001 can
alter or increase the effect of "normal" seasonality. As a result, the Company's
quarter-to-quarter comparisons may be difficult to interpret. The Company plans
its capital and operating expenditures based on its expectations of future
revenues. If revenues are below expectations in any given quarter, the Company
may be unable to adjust expenditures to compensate for any unexpected revenue
shortfall. The Company's business could suffer as a consequence.
Environmental Regulation
Under various federal and state environmental laws and regulations, a
current or previous owner or operator of real estate may be required to
investigate and remediate certain hazardous or toxic substances or
petroleum-product releases at the property, and may be held liable to a
governmental entity or to third parties for property damage and for
investigation and cleanup costs incurred by such parties in connection with
contamination. In addition, some environmental laws create a lien on the
contaminated site in favor of the government for damages and costs it incurs in
connection with the contamination. The owner or operator of a site may be liable
under common law to third parties for damages and injuries resulting from
environmental contamination emanating from or at the site, including the
presence of asbestos containing materials. Insurance for such matters may not be
available.
The presence of contamination or the failure to remediate contamination may
adversely affect the owner's ability to sell or lease real estate or to borrow
using the real estate as collateral. There can be no assurance that Insignia, or
any assets owned or controlled by Insignia (as on-site property manager),
currently are in compliance with all of such laws and regulations or that
Insignia will not become subject to liabilities that arise in whole or in part
out of any such laws, rules or regulations. The liability may be imposed even if
the original actions were legal and Insignia did not know of, or was not
responsible for, the presence of such hazardous or toxic substances. Insignia
may also be solely responsible for the entire payment of any liability if it is
subject to joint and several liability with other responsible parties who are
unable to pay. Insignia may be subject to additional liability if it fails to
disclose environmental issues to a buyer or lessee of property. Management is
not currently aware of any environmental liabilities that are expected to have a
material adverse effect upon the operations or financial condition of the
Company.
Debt
The Company's debt includes outstanding borrowings under its $230.0 million
senior revolving credit facility and a $37.5 million subordinated credit
facility entered into in June 2002 with Blackacre Capital Management, LLC. At
December 31, 2002, the amount outstanding on the senior revolving credit
facility was $95.0 million and the interest rate on amounts drawn was
approximately 4.25%. At that date, Insignia also had outstanding letters of
credit of $11.0 million that are considered outstanding under the terms of the
senior credit facility. Borrowings under the senior revolving credit facility
bear interest at LIBOR plus a margin that varies according to the ratio of debt
to consolidated net income before interest expense, taxes, depreciation,
amortization and specified other costs. The margin above LIBOR was 2.50% at
December 31, 2002. Insignia is vulnerable to increases in interest rates as a
result of either increases in LIBOR or its margin above LIBOR. A 100 basis point
increase in the effective interest rate would increase interest expense on the
senior credit facility by approximately $1.0 million on an annual basis.
20
The $37.5 million Blackacre credit facility is subordinate to Insignia's
senior credit facility and bears interest, payable quarterly, at an annual rate
of 11.25% to 12.25%, depending on the amount borrowed. At December 31, 2002, the
Company had borrowings of $15.0 million outstanding on the subordinated credit
facility at an interest rate of 11.25%. Any further borrowings will bear
interest at 12.25%. Insignia may draw down the remaining $22.5 million of
availability at any time until December 2003. The subordinated debt has a final
maturity of June 2009.
The Company's senior and subordinated credit agreements contain covenants
concerning the maintenance of a minimum consolidated net worth, maximum total
debt, maximum leverage ratios and certain other financial ratios. At December
31, 2002, the Company was in full compliance with all financial covenants. These
and certain other covenants limit actions by the Company and could materially
and adversely affect Insignia's ability to finance its future operations or
capital needs or to engage in other business activities that may be in its best
interest. The covenants limit Insignia's ability to, among other things:
o engage in new lines of business or substantially alter its method of
doing business;
o encumber assets;
o enter into sale and leaseback transactions;
o merge, consolidate or dispose of a substantial part of assets;
o dispose of stock in subsidiaries or have subsidiaries issue stock;
o engage in acquisitions, make loans or advances, or extend guarantees or
enter into other investments;
o incur indebtedness;
o declare or pay dividends or make other distributions to shareholders;
o enter into transactions with affiliates; and
o engage in any real estate development activities except through special
purpose unrestricted subsidiaries whose capitalization is subject to
aggregate limits
Insignia's ability to comply with these covenants may be affected by events
beyond its control, and it cannot be sure that it will be able to comply. A
breach of any of these covenants could result in a default under the revolving
credit agreement and, potentially, an acceleration of the obligation to repay
the indebtedness under the revolving credit agreement.
Anti-Takeover Considerations
Certain provisions of the Company's Certificate of Incorporation and
By-Laws could have an anti-takeover effect. These provisions are intended to
enhance the likelihood of continuity and stability in the composition of the
Board of Directors and in the policies formulated by the Board of Directors and
to discourage, delay, defer or prevent a takeover attempt, including an attempt
that might result in a premium over the market price for its common stock. These
provisions include:
o Staggered Board of Directors - The Company's Board of Directors is
divided into three classes serving staggered three-year terms. Because
the Company's Board of Directors is divided into classes, members of
its Board of Directors may only be removed from office prior to the
expiration of their terms if such removal is for "cause" and only by
the vote of holders of a majority of the outstanding voting stock. The
classified board provision could increase the likelihood that, in the
event an outside party acquired a controlling block of Insignia's
capital stock or initiated a proxy contest, incumbent directors
nevertheless would retain their positions for a substantial period,
which may have the effect of discouraging, delaying or preventing a
change in control of Insignia.
o Stockholder Meetings - No action may be taken by the Company's
stockholders except at an annual or special meeting of stockholders and
no action may be taken by written consent in lieu of a meeting. Special
meetings of the Company's stockholders may be called only by the
Company's Chairman, President or Chief Executive Officer or by a
majority of the Board of Directors. This limitation makes it more
difficult for stockholders to take action opposed by the Board of
Directors.
o Stockholder Proposals - The Company's stockholders must follow an
advance notification procedure for certain stockholder nominations of
candidates for the Company's Board of Directors and for certain other
business to be conducted at any stockholders' meeting. This limitation
on stockholder proposals could inhibit a change of control.
21
o Preferred Stock - The Company's Certificate of Incorporation authorizes
the Company's Board of Directors to issue up to 20,000,000 shares of
preferred stock, in one or more series, having such rights and
preferences as may be designated by the Company's Board of Directors,
without stockholder approval. The issuance of such preferred stock
could inhibit a change of control. At December 31, 2002, 375,000 shares
of convertible preferred stock were outstanding. The approval of
holders of at least two-thirds of the outstanding shares of convertible
preferred stock would be required in order to authorize, effect or
validate any amendment, alteration or repeal of any of the provisions
of the Company's Certificate of Incorporation or By-laws that would
materially adversely affect the preferences, rights or powers of the
convertible preferred stock.
o Delaware Anti-takeover Statute - Section 203 of the Delaware General
Corporation Law restricts certain business combinations with interested
stockholders upon their acquiring 15% or more of the Company's common
stock. This statute may have the effect of inhibiting a non-negotiated
merger or other business combination.
Employees
The growth of the Company's business is largely dependent upon its ability
to attract and retain qualified personnel in all areas of its business,
particularly high-production real estate brokers. If the Company is unable to
attract and retain such qualified personnel, it may be forced to limit its
growth, and its business, financial condition or results of operations could
suffer. The pace of change within the Company (i.e. organizational and
technological) could impact its ability to retain personnel.
The soft business environment has heightened competition for key talent.
Competitors have paid signing bonuses and other inducements to attract senior
Insignia professionals. As a result, the Company has had to respond by paying
increased retention bonuses and other perquisites to its premier producers.
Insurance
The Company has the types of insurance coverage, including comprehensive
general liability and excess umbrella liability insurance, that it believes are
appropriate for a company in the lines of business in which it operates. The
Company's management uses its discretion in determining the amounts, coverage
limits and deductibility provisions of appropriate insurance coverage on the
Company's properties and operations at a reasonable cost and on suitable terms.
This might result in insurance coverage that, in the event of a substantial
loss, would not be sufficient to pay the full value of the damages suffered by
the Company.
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
The following persons serve as executive officers of Insignia. All
executive officers of Insignia serve at the discretion of the Board of
Directors.
NAME AGE PRINCIPAL POSITIONS
---- --- -------------------
Andrew L. Farkas 42 Chairman of the Board; Chief Executive Officer
Stephen B. Siegel 58 Director; President; Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of
Insignia/ESG, Inc.
James A. Aston 50 Chief Financial Officer
Jeffrey P. Cohen 35 Executive Vice President
Frank M. Garrison 48 Office of the Chairman; President of Insignia Financial Services,
Inc.
Adam B. Gilbert 50 Executive Vice President; General Counsel; Secretary
Ronald Uretta 47 Chief Operating Officer; Treasurer; President of Insignia/ESG,
Inc.; President of Insignia Residential Group, Inc.
Andrew L. Farkas has been a director and Chairman of Insignia since its
inception in May 1998 and Chief Executive Officer of Insignia since August 1998.
Mr. Farkas served as a director of the Company's former parent from its
inception in August 1990 until the AIMCO merger in September 1998 and as
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the former parent from January 1991
until September 1998. Mr. Farkas also served as Chairman of the
22
Board of Trustees of Insignia Properties Trust, a publicly traded REIT
subsidiary of the former parent, from December 1996 until February 1999 (when it
was merged into AIMCO) and as Chief Executive Officer of Insignia Properties
Trust from December 1996 until September 1998.
Stephen B. Siegel has been a director of Insignia since its inception in
May 1998 and President of Insignia since August 1998 and is Chairman and Chief
Executive Officer of Insignia/ESG. Mr. Siegel served as President of the Edward
S. Gordon Company Incorporated (now Insignia/ESG) from June 1992 to May 1998.
James A. Aston has been Chief Financial Officer of Insignia since August
1998. Mr. Aston served as Chief Financial Officer of the Company's former parent
from August 1996 until September 1998. Additionally, Mr. Aston served as a
Trustee of Insignia Properties Trust from December 1996 until February 1999 and
President of Insignia Properties Trust from December 1996 until September 1998.
Mr. Aston commenced employment with the Company's former parent in January 1991.
Jeffrey P. Cohen has been an Executive Vice President of Insignia since
March 2000, and was Senior Vice President of Insignia from May 1998 until that
time. Mr. Cohen also serves as an Executive Vice President of Insignia Financial
Services, Inc. He was a Senior Vice President of the Company's former parent
from April 1997 until September 1998, and Executive Vice President and Secretary
of Insignia Properties Trust from May 1997 until February 1999. From September
1993 until March 1997, Mr. Cohen was an attorney with the law firm of Rogers &
Wells in New York, New York.
Frank M. Garrison has held the title of the Office of the Chairman since
August 1998, and also serves as President of Insignia Financial Services, Inc.
Mr. Garrison served as an Executive Managing Director of the Company's former
parent and President of its Financial Services division from July 1994 until
September 1998. Additionally, Mr. Garrison served as a Trustee of Insignia
Properties Trust from December 1996 until February 1999 and Executive Managing
Director of Insignia Properties Trust from December 1996 until September 1998.
Mr. Garrison commenced employment with the Company's former parent in January
1992.
Adam B. Gilbert has been General Counsel and Secretary of Insignia since
its inception in May 1998 and Executive Vice President of Insignia since August
1998. Mr. Gilbert also serves as a Senior Vice President of Insignia/ESG. He was
General Counsel and Secretary of the Company's former parent from March 1998
until September 1998. From January 1994 until February 1998, Mr. Gilbert served
as a partner in the law firm of Nixon, Hargrave, Devans & Doyle, LLP in New
York, New York.
Ronald Uretta has served as Chief Operating Officer and Treasurer of
Insignia since August 1998. Mr. Uretta also serves as President of Insignia/ESG
and President of Insignia Residential Group. He was Treasurer of the Company's
former parent from January 1992 until September 1998 and Chief Operating Officer
of the former parent from August 1996 until September 1998. Mr. Uretta served as
a Trustee of Insignia Properties Trust from December 1996 until October 1998.
There are no family relationships among any of the executive officers of
Insignia.
EMPLOYEES
As of December 31, 2002, Insignia had approximately 6,000 employees
worldwide, including employee brokers and other qualified real estate agents and
sales associates. Approximately 4,500 employees are located in the U.S. and the
remaining approximately 1,500 employees are located in Europe, Asia and Latin
America. Insignia believes that its employee relations are good.
23
ITEM 2 - PROPERTIES
Insignia's principal executive office is located at 200 Park Avenue, in New
York, New York. The following table sets forth information on the operating
leases for the principal headquarters for each of Insignia's principal operating
units:
OPERATING UNIT LOCATION ANNUAL RENT SQUARE FT. EXPIRATION
-------------- -------- ----------- ---------- ----------
Insignia/ESG 200 Park Avenue, New York, NY $ 6,940,000 120,000 June 2011
Insignia Richard Ellis Berkeley Square House, London 3,000,000 42,000 June 2003
Insignia Bourdais 160 Boulevard Haussmann, Paris 875,000 17,500 December 2010
Insignia Douglas Elliman 575 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 859,000 31,300 April 2004
Insignia Residential Group 675 Third Avenue, New York, NY 2,300,000 72,500 January 2009
The lease on Insignia Richard Ellis's UK headquarters in London expires in
June 2003 and a decision has been made to relocate. In October 2002, an
agreement was reached for Insignia Richard Ellis to take the assignment of a
lease on Kingsley House, Wimpole Street. The lease assignment was formally
completed in February 2003. The Kingsley House space comprises approximately
57,500 square feet with an annual rent of $4.2 million. The existing lease
assignment expires in May 2011. The Company will take occupancy of the new
office space in June 2003.
In June 2002, Insignia Residential Group vacated approximately 15,000
square feet (included in the 72,500 in the table above) under lease at its
headquarters location in New York. The space became available as a result of a
2001 reorganization plan that called for the termination of non-profitable
management assignments and corresponding reductions in related staff. The
Company recorded a $1.0 million charge at that date for the estimated costs of
subleasing this excess office space. All office leases of Insignia Douglas
Elliman and Insignia Residential Group were assumed by the buyer in connection
with their purchase on March 14, 2003.
The Company occupies additional office space in locations throughout the
United States, United Kingdom, continental Europe, Asia and Latin America under
leases expiring at various dates through 2012. Insignia believes its facilities
are adequate for current and future planned uses.
ITEM 3 - LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
ORDINARY COURSE OF BUSINESS CLAIMS
Insignia and certain subsidiaries are defendants in lawsuits arising in the
ordinary course of business. Management does not expect that the results of any
such lawsuits will have a significant adverse effect on the financial condition,
results of operations or cash flows of the Company. All contingencies including
unasserted claims or assessments, which are probable and the amount of loss can
be reasonably estimated, are accrued in accordance with SFAS No. 5, Accounting
for Contingencies.
INDEMNIFICATION
In 1998, the Company's former parent entered into a Merger Agreement with
Apartment Investment and Management Company ("AIMCO"), and one of AIMCO's
subsidiaries, pursuant to which the former parent was merged into AIMCO. Shortly
before the merger, the former parent distributed the stock of Insignia to its
shareholders in a spin-off transaction. As a requirement of the Merger
Agreement, Insignia entered into an Indemnification Agreement with AIMCO. In the
Indemnification Agreement, Insignia agreed generally to indemnify AIMCO against
all losses exceeding $9.1 million that result from: (i) breaches by the Company
or former parent of representations, warranties or covenants in the Merger
Agreement; (ii) actions taken by or on behalf of former parent prior to the
merger; and (iii) the spin-off.
In December 2001, the Company entered into a stock purchase agreement with
Real Living, Inc., the purchaser, that provided for the sale of 100% of the
stock of Realty One and its affiliated companies. Such affiliated companies
included First Ohio Mortgage Corporation, Inc., First Ohio Escrow Corporation,
Inc. and Insignia Relocation
24
Management, Inc. As a part of the sale, the Company agreed generally to
indemnify the purchaser against all losses up to the purchase price (subject to
certain deductible amounts), resulting from the following: (i) breaches by the
Company of any representations, warranties or covenants in the stock purchase
agreement; (ii) pre-disposition obligations for goods, services, taxes or
indebtedness except for those assumed by Real Living, Inc.; (iii) change of
control payments made to employees of Realty One; and (iv) any third party
losses arising or related to the period prior to the disposition. In addition,
the Company provided an indemnification for losses incurred by Wells Fargo Home
Mortgage, Inc. ("Wells Fargo") and/or the purchaser in respect of (i) mortgage
loan files existing on the date of closing; (ii) fraud in the conduct of its
home mortgage business; and (iii) the failure to follow standard industry
practices in the home mortgage business. The aggregate loss for which the
Company is potentially liable to Wells Fargo is limited to $10 million and the
aggregate of any claims made by the purchaser and Wells Fargo shall not exceed
the purchase price.
As of March 15, 2003, the Company was not aware of any matters that would
give rise to a material claim under any warranty or indemnity.
ITEM 4 - SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
No matter was submitted to a vote of the Company's stockholders, through
the solicitation of proxies or otherwise, during the fourth quarter of 2002.
25
PART II
ITEM 5 - MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
MARKET INFORMATION
Insignia's common stock trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the
trading symbol "IFS". The following table sets forth the high and low daily
closing sale prices for the Company's common stock as reported on the New York
Stock Exchange for each quarter of 2001 and 2002:
CALENDAR PERIOD HIGH LOW
--------------- ---- ---
2001
First Quarter............................... $13.24 $11.30
Second Quarter.............................. $12.82 $10.45
Third Quarter............................... $12.80 $ 9.50
Fourth Quarter.............................. $10.95 $ 9.15
2002
First Quarter............................... $11.65 $10.08
Second Quarter.............................. $11.31 $ 9.35
Third Quarter............................... $ 9.54 $ 7.45
Fourth Quarter.............................. $ 8.00 $ 5.45
The closing sales price for Insignia's common stock on February 28, 2003,
as reported on the New York Stock Exchange, was $10.91. The Company's transfer
agent is Wachovia Bank, N.A., 1525 West W. T. Harris Boulevard, Suite 3C3,
Charlotte, North Carolina 28288. As of February 28, 2003, there were
approximately 1,460 shareholders of record of the Company's common stock.
The Company has never paid dividends on its common stock and does not
currently intend to pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. The payment of
dividends is subject to certain restrictions under the Company's credit
facilities.
Convertible Preferred Stock
Insignia has 375,000 shares, or $37.5 million, of convertible preferred
stock outstanding to investment funds affiliated with Blackacre Capital
Management. The convertible preferred stock includes 250,000 shares, or $25.0
million, of Series A, initially purchased in February 2000, and 125,000 shares,
or $12.5 million, of Series B purchased in June 2002. The initial preferred
originally carried a 4% annual dividend and was exchanged in June 2002 for
Series A convertible preferred stock. The convertible preferred stock carries an
8.5% annual dividend (totaling approximately $3.2 million), payable quarterly at
Insignia's option in cash or in kind. The Company paid cash dividends of
approximately $1.8 million in 2002.
The convertible preferred stock has a perpetual term, although Insignia may
call the preferred stock, at stated value, after June 7, 2005. Upon the
dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the Company, the holders of Series A
and Series B convertible preferred stock are entitled to receive the stated
value of $100.00 per share plus accrued and unpaid dividends. The convertible
preferred issuances were exempt from registration under the Securities Act of
1933, as amended, pursuant to Section 4 (2) thereof.
Employee Stock Purchase Program
The Company's 1998 Employee Stock Purchase Plan was adopted to provide
employees with an opportunity to purchase common stock through payroll
deductions at a price not less than 85% of the fair market value of the
Company's common stock. This plan is designed to qualify under Section 423 of
the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. During 2002, 111,840 shares of common stock
were sold under this plan at an average price of approximately $8.08 per share.
26
Stock Repurchases
At December 31, 2002, Insignia held in treasury 1,502,600 repurchased
shares of its common stock. Such shares were repurchased at an aggregate cost of
approximately $16.2 million and are reserved for issuance upon the exercise of
warrants granted in 2000 to certain executive officers, non-employee directors
and other employees of the Company.
In July 2002, the Company authorized a stock repurchase program of up to
$5.0 million, subject to compliance with all covenants contained within the
Company's existing debt agreements. As of February 28, 2003, the Company had not
initiated any stock repurchases under this authorization.
Equity Compensation Plan Information
The following table sets forth information for the Company's equity
compensation plans in effect as of December 31, 2002, indicating those plans
approved by shareholders and those that have not been submitted to shareholders
for approval. All outstanding options, warrants and unvested restricted stock
under these plans are exercisable into the Company's common stock. The approved
equity plans consist of the Company's 1998 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended and
restated, together with three plans adopted by businesses prior to acquisition
by Insignia. The Company assumed these equity plans in connection with the
business purchases.
NUMBER OF
SECURITIES TO BE WEIGHTED- SECURITIES
ISSUED UPON AVERAGE AVAILABLE FOR
PLAN CATEGORY EXERCISE EXERCISE PRICE FUTURE ISSUANCE
APPROVED EQUITY PLANS
Amended and Restated 1998 Stock
Incentive Plan 1,926,583 $10.61 2,056,431
Brooke International (China) Limited
Share Option Scheme 65,000 $11.51 45,000
Richard Ellis Group Limited 1997
Unapproved Share Option Scheme 654,806 $6.37 --
St. Quintin Holdings Limited 1999
Unapproved Share Option Scheme 266,484 $6.58 --
UNAPPROVED EQUITY PLANS
Non-qualified options 150,000 $10.00 --
Employee warrants 1,492,500 $8.91 --
Other non-compensatory warrants 1,196,000 $14.50 --
-------------- -------------
TOTALS 5,751,373 2,101,431
============== =============
The unapproved non-qualified options were granted in 2002 in connection
with the employment of the Chief Executive Officer of Insignia Douglas Elliman.
The employee warrants were granted in 2000 and 2001 to certain executive
officers, non-employee directors and other employees of the Company. These
warrants are exercisable at prices ranging from $8.00 to $13.06 per share and
are issuable out of reserved common shares held in treasury, as discussed above
under "Stock Repurchases". The other warrants totaling 1,196,000 were granted in
September 1998 in connection with the Company's spin-off to holders of
convertible preferred securities of the Company's former parent. These warrants
are fully exercisable at $14.50 per share and expire in September 2003.
27
ITEM 6 - SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The following table sets forth selected historical financial data of
Insignia for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001, 2000, 1999 and 1998. The
selected financial data for all periods presented has been restated to segregate
the results of Realty One on a discontinued basis. Certain amounts for prior
years have been reclassified to conform to the 2002 presentation.
This information has been derived from and is qualified by reference to the
consolidated financial statements of the Company and the notes thereto and
should be read in conjunction with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of
Financial Condition and Results of Operations" included as Item 7 in this
Report.
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------------------------------------------
2002 2001 2000 1999 1998
--------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
(In thousands, except per share data)
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS DATA:
Total revenues $ 724,705 $ 752,461 $ 784,031 $ 579,430 $ 402,171
Service revenues 711,235 732,485 773,542 574,442 404,067
Equity earnings (losses) in unconsolidated
ventures 3,482 13,911 3,912 2,284 (1,896)
Income from continuing operations 13,217 5,721 21,229 7,724 8,073
Income (loss) from discontinued operations 4,918 (19,229) 558 2,574 2,980
Income (loss) before cumulative effect of a
change in accounting principle 18,135 (13,508) 21,787 10,298 11,053
Cumulative effect of a change in
accounting principle (20,635) -- (30,420) -- --
Net (loss) income (2,500) (13,508) (8,633) 10,298 11,053
Preferred stock dividends (2,173) (1,000) (890) -- --
Net (loss) income available to common
shareholders (4,673) (14,508) (9,523) 10,298 11,053
PER SHARE AMOUNTS - ASSUMING DILUTION:
Income from continuing operations $ 0.47 $ 0.20 $ 0.87 $ 0.34 $ 0.37
Income (loss) from discontinued operation 0.21 (0.82) 0.02 0.12 0.13
Income (loss) before cumulative effect of a
change in accounting principle 0.67 (0.62) 0.89 0.46 0.50
Cumulative effect of a change
in accounting principle (0.87) -- (1.24) -- --
Net (loss) income (0.20) (0.62) (0.35) 0.46 0.50
OTHER DATA:
Cash provided by operating activities $ 12,835 $ 26,705 $ 80,370 $ 57,977 $ 35,857
Cash provided by (used in) investing activities 3,857 (25,809) (74,044) (171,107) (128,140)
Cash (used in) provided by financing activities (42,543) 9,985 59,021 121,443 140,194
EBITDA (1) 49,432 50,967 75,320 51,503 40,359
Net EBITDA (1) 51,564 54,458 78,046 48,871 44,741
AT DECEMBER 31,
-------------------------------------------------------------
2002 2001 2000 1999 1998
--------- --------- --------- --------- ---------
(In thousands)
BALANCE SHEET DATA:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 111,513 $ 131,860 $ 122,196 $ 61,600 $ 53,489
Real estate investments 134,135 95,710 102,170 76,298 58,196
Total assets 872,839 918,382 925,625 795,313 595,489
Total debt 193,684 207,241 176,938 164,322 44,438
Stockholders' equity 415,329 399,857 408,881 393,069 383,243
28
(1) EBITDA is defined as real estate services revenues less direct expenses and
administrative costs. Net EBITDA is defined as income from continuing operations
plus depreciation, amortization, gains (losses) on sales of real estate
investments, real estate impairments, internet investment results and income
taxes. Net EBITDA deducts all interest expense and includes Funds From
Operations ("Real Estate FFO") from real estate investments. Real Estate FFO is
defined as income or loss from real estate operations before depreciation, gains
or losses on sales of property and provisions for impairment.
Neither EBITDA, Net EBITDA, nor Real Estate FFO, as defined above, should
be construed to represent cash provided by operations pursuant to accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP"), as neither is
defined by GAAP. Insignia's usage of these terms may differ from other
companies' usage of the same or similar terms. As compared to net income, these
measures effectively eliminate the impact of non-cash charges for depreciation,
amortization of intangible assets and other non-recurring expenses. Management
believes presentation of these supplemental measures enhance a reader's
understanding of the Company's operating performance.
29
ITEM 7 - MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS
OF OPERATIONS
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Insignia monitors and evaluates its financial performance using three
primary measures - EBITDA, Net EBITDA and income from continuing operations.
EBITDA is defined as real estate services revenues less direct expenses and
administrative costs. Net EBITDA is defined as income from continuing operations
before depreciation, amortization, gains (losses) on sales of real estate
investments, real estate impairments, internet investment results and income
taxes. Net EBITDA deducts all interest expense and includes Real Estate FFO.
Neither EBITDA nor Net EBITDA should be construed to represent cash provided by
operations determined pursuant to GAAP. EBITDA, Net EBITDA and Real Estate FFO
are supplemental measures that are not defined by GAAP, and Insignia's usage of
these terms may differ from other companies' usage of the same or similar terms.
As compared to net income, these measures effectively eliminate the impact of
non-cash charges for depreciation, amortization of intangible assets and other
non-recurring expenses. Management believes presentation of these supplemental
measures enhance a reader's understanding of the Company's operating
performance.
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2002 AND 2001
Insignia's 2002 year demonstrated a return to a more normal seasonal
pattern of revenues and earnings, with the fourth quarter representing the
strongest quarterly period and the first half demonstrating lower revenue
generation. The Company's performance in 2002 was highlighted by a very strong
performance in Europe and a significant recovery in the New York residential
sales and brokerage unit, Insignia Douglas Elliman. Despite the strong
performance for Europe and the residential business, the 2002 year overall was
significantly hindered by continued weakness in the U.S. commercial leasing
sector. Due to continuing indecision by corporate clients worldwide with respect
to leasing decisions, leasing transaction levels and revenues lagged behind the
levels experienced in 2000 and 2001, particularly in New York, and the normal
timeframe required to complete transactions has lengthened significantly. A soft
office lease environment affects Insignia/ESG, the domestic commercial services
business, more than Insignia's other businesses.
The Company's total service revenues for 2002 totaled $711.2 million,
representing a decline of 3% from $732.5 million in 2001. The year-over-year
revenue decline was offset by $43.1 million of revenues in 2002 produced by
Insignia Bourdais, the Company's French business unit acquired in late December
2001. On a comparable basis - excluding Insignia Bourdais - services revenues of
the consolidated group decreased by 9%, or $64.3 million, to $668.2 million. All
of the year-over-year decline is attributed to the Company's U.S. commercial
services business of Insignia/ESG as total U.S. service revenues deteriorated by
$100 million from the 2001 level caused by continued softness in many key U.S.
leasing markets. In Europe, the United Kingdom benefited from a robust
investment market, which counteracted a soft London lease environment.
Consistent with revenues, consolidated Net EBITDA declined in 2002 by 5% to
$51.6 million (down from $54.5 million in 2001). The depth of the Net EBITDA
drop was mitigated by (i) Insignia Bourdais EBITDA of $7.9 million, (ii) expense
containment measures in Insignia/ESG for non-essential costs, (iii) a 109%, or
$6.4 million, improvement in residential EBITDA, (iv) a $3.5 million decrease in
interest expense in 2002 due to lower interest rates and lower outstanding debt
and (v) a $1.3 million increase in European earnings attributed to foreign
currency translation (caused by the weakening of the U.S. dollar versus the
pound and euro in 2002).
Income from continuing operations in 2002 totaled $13.2 million ($0.47 per
diluted share), up from $5.7 million in 2001 ($0.20 per diluted share). Income
improved in 2002 despite the declines in U.S. transactional revenues, aided by
the elimination in 2002 of goodwill amortization, as required by new accounting
standards, and all internet investment activities. In 2001, pretax income was
lowered by $17.4 million of goodwill amortization and $10.3 million of net
losses from internet investments. The net loss for 2002 included income from
discontinued operations of $4.9 million related to the January 2002 sale of
Realty One. This income included $265,000 in post-closing adjustments in the
first quarter of 2002 and a $4.7 million tax benefit in the third quarter of
2002 attributed to the elimination of a valuation allowance on the capital
portion of the loss resulting from the Realty One sale. The capital loss was
fully reserved in 2001 because of uncertainty of its deductibility due to loss
disallowance rules in the Treasury Regulations and insufficient income of the
appropriate character. In the third quarter of 2002, it was determined that the
loss would be fully deductible for tax purposes, resulting in the realization of
the tax benefit for financial reporting purposes. The Company's reported net
losses for 2002 and 2001 included a $20.6 million loss
30
(net of $9.4 million tax benefit) reported as the cumulative effect of the
goodwill accounting change (2002) and a $17.6 million (net of $4.0 million tax
benefit) loss on disposal of discontinued Realty One business (2001).
The table below depicts the Company's operating results, in a format that
highlights the above measures, and reconciles them to GAAP net income, for the
years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. Operating results
for all periods presented reflect the results of Realty One on a discontinued
basis for financial reporting purposes. Certain amounts for all periods have
been reclassified to conform to the current presentation. Such reclassifications
have no effect on reported net income (loss). This information has been derived
from the Company's consolidated statements of operations for the years then
ended.
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
-----------------------------------
2002 2001 2000
---- ---- ----
(In thousands)
REAL ESTATE SERVICES REVENUES
Commercial - United States $ 392,728 $ 492,778 $ 497,695
Commercial - International 184,816 120,475 141,752
Residential 133,691 119,232 134,095
-----------------------------------
TOTAL REAL ESTATE SERVICES REVENUES 711,235 732,485 773,542
COST AND EXPENSES
Real estate services 647,459 668,079 681,867
Administrative 14,344 13,439 16,355
-----------------------------------
EBITDA - REAL ESTATE SERVICES 49,432 50,967 75,320
Real Estate FFO (1) 2,957 6,064 3,877
Fund management income 4,047 2,559 911
Development income -- 2,736 1,546
Interest and other income (2) 3,998 5,200 8,137
Interest expense (2) (8,870) (12,407) (11,745)
Other -- (661) --
-----------------------------------
NET EBITDA 51,564 54,458 78,046
Gains on sales of real estate 5,501 10,986 3,884
Real estate impairment (3,525) (824) (1,806)
Depreciation - FF&E (17,588) (15,392) (10,350)
Amortization of intangibles (5,153) (24,408) (23,825)
Depreciation - real estate (3) (6,863) (5,755) (5,125)
-----------------------------------
(29,604) (45,555) (39,300)
INCOME FROM REAL ESTATE OPERATIONS 23,936 19,065 40,824
Life insurance proceeds, net -- -- 19,100
Losses from internet activities, net -- (10,263) (35,527)
-----------------------------------
Income from continuing operations before
income taxes 23,936 8,802 24,397
Income tax expense (10,719) (3,081) (3,168)
-----------------------------------
INCOME FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS 13,217 5,721 21,229
Discontinued operations, net of applicable taxes:
(Loss) income from discontinued operation -- (1,600) 558
Income (loss) on disposal 4,918 (17,629) --
-----------------------------------
Income (loss) before cumulative effect of a
change in accounting principle 18,135 (13,508) 21,787
Cumulative effect of a change in accounting
Principle, net of applicable taxes (20,635) -- (30,420)
-----------------------------------
NET LOSS (2,500) (13,508) (8,633)
Preferred stock dividends (2,173) (1,000) (890)
-----------------------------------
NET LOSS AVAILABLE TO COMMON SHAREHOLDERS $ (4,673) $ (14,508) $ (9,523)
===================================
31
The table below provides a summary of EBITDA by operating segment for the
years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively.
COMMERCIAL RESIDENTIAL OTHER TOTAL
---------- ----------- ----- -----
(In thousands)
DECEMBER 31, 2002:
REAL ESTATE SERVICES REVENUES $ 577,544 $ 133,691 $ -- $ 711,235
COSTS AND EXPENSES
Real estate services 526,076 121,383 -- 647,459
Administrative -- -- 14,344 14,344
------------------------------------------------------
EBITDA 51,468 12,308 (14,344) 49,432
Real Estate FFO (1) 2,957 -- -- 2,957
Fund management income 4,047 -- -- 4,047
Interest and other income (2) 2,300 15 1,683 3,998
Interest expense (2) (474) (16) (8,380) (8,870)
------------------------------------------------------
NET EBITDA $ 60,298 $ 12,307 $ (21,041) $ 51,564
======================================================
DECEMBER 31, 2001:
REAL ESTATE SERVICES REVENUES $ 613,253 $ 119,232 $ -- $ 732,485
COSTS AND EXPENSES
Real estate services 554,744 113,335 -- 668,079
Administrative -- -- 13,439 13,439
------------------------------------------------------
EBITDA 58,509 5,897 (13,439) 50,967
Real Estate FFO (1) 6,064 -- -- 6,064
Fund management income 2,559 -- -- 2,559
Development income 2,736 -- -- 2,736
Interest and other income (2) 2,084 16 3,100 5,200
Interest expense (2) (639) (38) (11,730) (12,407)
Other (661) -- -- (661)
------------------------------------------------------
NET EBITDA $ 70,652 $ 5,875 $ (22,069) $ 54,458
======================================================
DECEMBER 31, 2000:
REAL ESTATE SERVICES REVENUES $ 639,447 $ 134,095 $ -- $ 773,542
COSTS AND EXPENSES
Real estate services 559,400 122,467 -- 681,867
Administrative -- -- 16,355 16,355
------------------------------------------------------
EBITDA 80,047 11,628 (16,355) 75,320
Real Estate FFO (1) 3,877 -- -- 3,877
Fund management income 911 -- -- 911
Development income 1,546 -- -- 1,546
Interest and other income (2) 2,316 -- 5,821 8,137
Interest expense (2) (1,032) (48) (10,665) (11,745)
------------------------------------------------------
NET EBITDA $ 87,665 $ 11,580 $ (21,199) $ 78,046
======================================================
(1) Real Estate FFO includes income or loss from all real estate operations,
including both consolidated property entities and unconsolidated co-investment
entities.
(2) Interest and other income and interest expense exclude amounts attributed to
consolidated property operations (which are included in Real Estate FFO).
(3) Real estate depreciation represents the depreciation attributed to the three
consolidated real estate properties as well as the portion of depreciation
expense of real estate owning entities in which Insignia has minority equity
ownership.
32
Commercial Real Estate Services
Insignia's commercial real estate service operations include Insignia/ESG
in the United States, Insignia Richard Ellis in the United Kingdom, Insignia
Bourdais in France (acquired in December 2001) and other subsidiaries in
Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Spain, Asia and Latin America.
Commercial real estate services revenues of $577.5 million in 2002 reflected a
6% decline from $613.3 million produced in 2001. Similarly, commercial EBITDA of
$51.5 million in 2002 fell 12% below the $58.5 million generated for 2001. These
operating declines in 2002 were even more pronounced with consideration for the
first year contributions of Insignia Bourdais in France, which exceeded
expectations with service revenues of $43.1 million and EBITDA of $7.9 million.
Commercial operations are more fully discussed below.
United States
The Company's U.S. commercial services unit, Insignia/ESG, experienced weak
leasing markets nationwide during 2002. U.S. revenues and EBITDA totaled $392.7
million and $25.7 million, respectively, for the 2002 year, representing
declines from 2001 of 20% for revenue (from $492.8 million) and 44% for EBITDA
(from $45.8 million). The general economic uncertainty and sluggish pace of
leasing activity continues to hinder performance. The revenue decline in 2002
was partially mitigated by discipline in controlling expenses, as total variable
expenses (excluding employee incentives) decreased by $7.0 million from the 2001
level. Declines in compensation and other employee costs, travel, advertising,
office expenses, consulting and information technology expenses contributed to
the overall decrease, offset by $7.6 million of uncontrollable expense increases
pertaining to occupancy costs, bad debts, legal expenses and liability insurance
premiums. The most significant individual increase was in occupancy costs, which
increased by $3.0 million over 2001 as a result of new leases or renewals at
higher rent levels in several U.S. markets, most notably Boston and the
Company's headquarters at 200 Park Avenue in New York City (renegotiated in
mid-2001). Corporate insurance, legal expenses and bad debts collectively
increased by approximately $4.6 million over 2001 levels.
In early 2003, Insignia/ESG entered into significant employment agreements
with seven key members of the New York consulting and brokerage staffs. These
contracts require retention bonus payments of $8.4 million in 2003 and a further
$3.2 million in 2004. The impact of these payments on the Company's earnings is
expected to approximate $3.5 million in 2003 and $2.7 million per year for 2004
through 2006. A primary portion of the consulting group's compensation is paid
through EBITDA based incentive calculations. The consulting group's new contract
guarantees the incentive portion of their compensation for 2003 through 2006 to
be between $13.5 million and $14 million annually. The 2003 year is the first
period that the consulting group's incentive is guaranteed. The annual guarantee
does not exceed the levels achieved in years 2000, 2001 and 2002.
Europe
European operations continued to exhibit strength in difficult times,
despite soft leasing markets outside of Paris, fueled by investment activity and
valuation services in the UK and positive contributions from Insignia Bourdais
in France (which was acquired at the end of 2001). European revenues and EBITDA
totaled $178.5 million and $29.9 million, respectively, for the 2002 year, up
significantly from 2001 results of $116.4 million for revenue and $16.5 for
EBITDA. The strength of European operations in 2002 was attributed to the
Insignia Bourdais acquisition and improved performance in the UK. The other
European businesses collectively produced service revenues of $13.7 million and
small EBITDA loss of $570,000 for 2002. These results compare to services
revenues of $10.5 million and EBITDA of $564,000 in 2001.
Insignia Richard Ellis in the UK generated service revenues of $121.7
million and EBITDA of $22.7 million in 2002, representing material improvement
over 2001 results of $105.9 million for service revenues and $16.0 million for
EBITDA. In the UK, the main transactional strength in 2002 was in the investment
sales market. Institutional investors remained committed to real estate
investment in 2002 due to an expectation of more favorable returns than are
currently available from other asset classes. Also, the debt driven market
continued to flourish due to historically low interest rates in the UK. The 2002
year closed with the base interest rate in the UK at approximately 3.75%,
representing the lowest level since 1955 according to a report by the BBC News
in March 2003. Further, consulting services -- particularly valuation services
-- remained robust alongside the strength of the investment market. Conversely,
leasing activity and associated service lines were weak throughout the UK in
2002.
33
Insignia Bourdais in France contributed service revenues of $43.1 million
and EBITDA of $7.9 million during 2002. Insignia Bourdais is essentially a
tenant representation business. This performance represented improvement over
the 2001 period pre-acquisition, which produced service revenues of almost $39.0
million and EBITDA of over $6.0 million. The Paris market experienced a decline
in transaction volumes of approximately 10% from 2001 levels.
Across the rest of the European operations, the European hotels business
had a strong year as a result of increased activity in investment transactions.
Similar to the U.K., leasing activity in 2002 was relatively poor, compared to
2001 levels, in all of the Company's other continental European markets, which
include the Netherlands, Italy, Germany, Belgium and Spain. The German operation
was most severely affected by poor economic conditions and low leasing volumes,
producing an EBITDA loss for 2002 of $921,000.
In 2002, Insignia further expanded its capabilities in Spain through the
acquisition of a company formed by the former Arthur Andersen consulting team in
Spain and committed to invest up to $2.7 million for working capital for the
Madrid and Barcelona offices and to recruit additional professional talent.
These initiatives are expected to increase the Company's transaction and
consulting services in Spain in 2003 and beyond.
Insignia's European operating results in 2002 have been translated into
U.S. dollars at average exchange rates of $1.51 to the pound and $0.95 to the
euro. In 2001, European operating results were translated into U.S. dollars at
average exchange rates of $1.44 to the pound and $0.90 to the euro. The change
in currency translation rates accounts for $1.3 million of the improved European
EBITDA performance in 2002.
Asia and Latin America
The Company's operations in Asia and Latin America launched in 2001
continued to build their service platforms in 2002, although performance in 2002
was substantially constrained by very weak commercial real estate markets in
Asia, particularly Hong Kong. Latin American performance improved in 2002 aided
by the completion of one of the largest office leases ever in Mexico in the
third quarter. These operations incurred an aggregate EBITDA loss of $4.1
million for all of 2002, representing a slight increase over the $3.9 million
loss generated for 2001. Total service revenues increased 57% to $6.3 million in
2002, compared to $4.0 million in 2001. Earnings for 2002 worsened despite the
revenue surge due primarily to increases in expenses in Asia relating to broker
hirings and office expansion.
Residential Real Estate Services
The Company's residential real estate services consist of co-op and
apartment brokerage through Insignia Douglas Elliman and property management
services through Insignia Residential Group. Insignia Douglas Elliman
experienced a material resurgence in its business during 2002. The New York
co-op and condo sales market rallied strongly in 2002 following the elimination
of transactional activity in late 2001 following the terrorist attacks on
September 11. Residential services revenues aggregated $133.7 million for 2002,
an increase of 12% over $119.2 million for 2001, and residential EBITDA
increased 109% to $12.3 million, over $5.9 million for 2001. Insignia Douglas
Elliman generated revenues and EBITDA of $107.1 million and $11.6 million,
respectively, in 2002, representing increases of 15% and 149% over 2001.
Insignia Douglas Elliman's gross transaction volume totalled $2.8 billion for
2002, representing a 16% improvement over $2.4 billion produced for 2001. The
2002 year was the most profitable period in the 91-year history of the Douglas
Elliman business, which was acquired by Insignia in June 1999.
Insignia Douglas Elliman's year-over-year improvement reflected benefits
derived from pent-up demand from the late 2001 period when new contract signings
came to a virtual standstill as well as shifts in household investment towards
real estate. Demand was particularly robust for apartments selling for less than
$1.0 million and remained active for apartments up to $3.0 million; however,
there was notably less demand in 2002 for apartments priced at higher levels
(over $5.0 million) as the more affluent continue to defer purchase decisions.
The New York City real estate market was severely affected by the events of
September 11. However, the severe reduction in contract activity in the fourth
quarter of 2001 provided the impetus for the resurgence seen in the first and
second quarters of 2002 as buyers and investors fled the relative instability
and poor returns of the equity markets and moved capital to the tangible
security represented by real estate. This activity continued throughout
34
2002 with sales volume increasing 18% in unit terms to 3,521 and 16% in dollar
terms to $2.8 billion over the prior year.
Insignia Douglas Elliman's 2002 earnings were buoyed by a variety of causal
factors including greater transaction volumes, a commission structure more
favorable to the company and significantly reduced marketing costs. When
compared to 2001 revenue figures, the new commission structure resulted in a net
increase in EBITDA of $1.3 million, while the increased efficiency of
advertising spending resulted in an EBITDA contribution of $2.4 million dollars
over the prior year.
Residential EBITDA for 2002 was reduced by a second quarter $1.0 million
charge for the estimated unrecoverable costs of vacating and subleasing excess
office space previously used by Insignia Residential Group, as well as a
$494,000 third quarter expense for estimated litigation settlements at Insignia
Residential Group. The lease charge was determined based on assumptions
regarding the probable sublease of the excess space, including passage of an
estimated twelve months prior to receiving rents from a subtenant. Aside from
these charges, Insignia Residential Group benefited from operating efficiencies
achieved from the termination of unprofitable management assignments. As
evidence, excluding these charges, Insignia Residential Group generated EBITDA
of $2.2 million during 2002. This result would have represented a 77%
improvement over the $1.2 million of EBITDA realized for the 2001-year (which
did not include similar expenses).
Insignia Douglas Elliman and Insignia Residential Group were sold on March
14, 2003 (see also "Discontinued Operations" in Item 1 of this Report).
Administrative
Administrative expenses increased 7% to $14.3 million in 2002, compared to
$13.4 million in 2001. The year-over-year change can be attributed primarily to
a $2.5 million increase in third party professional fees stemming from external
advice to the Company's Compensation Committee and newly formed Governance and
Nominating Committee in the evaluation of executive compensation programs and
matters of governance and internal policy, external counsel advice in meeting
the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and legal advice and other
services related to the potential merger with CB Richard Ellis, partially offset
by an agreed $1.4 million reimbursement from the Company's Chairman resulting
from completion of the Governance and Nominating Committee's review and policy
formulation (of which $700,000 was paid in December 2002 and $691,414 was repaid
in February 2003).
Other Items Included in the Determination of Net EBITDA
Interest and other income declined 23% from $5.2 million in 2001 to $4.0
million in 2002. Lower interest rates and average cash balances account for the
change.
Interest expense (excluding property interest) decreased 29%, or $3.5
million, to $8.9 million in 2002. The Company benefited throughout 2002 from
lower interest rates on its LIBOR based borrowings and reduced borrowing levels
as a result of a $32 million pay-down of debt during the first quarter of 2002
and a subsequent $22 million pay-down in October 2002. The average interest rate
on the outstanding balance on the senior revolving credit facility was
approximately 4.5% in 2002, compared to an average of over 7% in 2001.
Real Estate FFO from the Company's property investment portfolio declined
51%, from $6.1 million in 2001 to $3.0 million in 2002. The declines in 2002 are
primarily attributable to (i) lost earnings from properties sold over the past
year, including, most significantly, the Fresh Meadows apartment complex in
Queens, New York, which contributed FFO in 2001 of approximately $1.1 million
prior to its sale, (ii) lower occupancy levels and (iii) losses aggregating
$800,000 from development assets that had commenced operations but had not
leased to stabilized levels.
Other Items Included in the Determination of Net Income
Gains realized from sales of real estate in 2002 totaled $5.5 million, down
50% from $11.0 million for 2001. The 2002 gains included $1.3 million attributed
to the sale of a wholly-owned retail property in Dallas. This gain is
35
reported in "other income, net" in the Company's 2002 consolidated statement of
operations included in Item 15 of this Form 10-K. Remaining gains totaling
approximately $4.2 million were derived from sales of minority-owned properties
in the Company's co-investment portfolio. These gains are included in equity
earnings in unconsolidated ventures in the Company's 2002 consolidated statement
of operations. Gains realized in 2001 were substantially attributable to the
sale of Fresh Meadows, an apartment complex in New York acquired in December
1997 in which Insignia held a 17.5% profits interest. Insignia generated a gain
of $10.4 million from the sale of Fresh Meadows. Property sales are difficult to
predict and vary considerably from year to year. In addition, as a minority
owner, Insignia does not control the sale decision. Comparisons of this type of
income do not reflect performance of the investments for the comparative period,
but rather the volume of asset sales in the period and the cumulative value
change of the investments sold.
During 2002, the Company recorded impairment against its real estate
investments totaling $3.5 million on eight property assets, including a
wholly-owned land parcel held for development. Insignia re-evaluates each real
estate investment on a quarterly basis, taking into account changes in market
conditions and prospects. The impairment charge on the land parcel, located in
Denver, totaled $560,000 and was determined based on a third party appraisal.
Other impairments pertaining to minority owned assets indicated lower values
based on increased vacancies, lower rental rates and operating cash flows and
overall diminished prospects for recovery of the Company's full investment upon
final disposition.
Depreciation of property and equipment increased 14% to $17.6 million in
2002, from $15.4 million for 2001. The increases are the result of depreciation
on late 2001 capital spending in combination with depreciation expense
attributed to capital additions totaling approximately $10.4 million during
2002. Such capital expenditures primarily represented leasehold improvements (in
connection with addition or relocation of offices), computer purchases and
software.
Amortization of intangibles declined from 2001 by 79%, or $19.3 million, to
approximately $5.2 million during 2002. The adoption of new accounting standards
requiring elimination of amortization of goodwill, effective January 1, 2002,
was responsible for $17.4 million of the decrease year-over-year and the
remainder of the decrease was attributed to certain property management
contracts that fully amortized in 2001 and early 2002. Amortization expense in
2002 includes acquired property management contracts, non-compete agreements and
the acquired customer backlog of Insignia Bourdais.
In 2001, the Company incurred pre-tax net internet investment losses
totaling $10.3 million. The losses represented impairment write-offs of certain
third-party internet-based investments made predominantly in 1999 and 2000.
Insignia had no internet-related activity during 2002, and the Company's
remaining internet-related investment not fully impaired and written off totaled
approximately $967,000 at December 31, 2002, representing an investment in an
e-commerce venture fund.
Income tax expense on continuing operations increased $7.6 million to $10.7
million in 2002 as a result of higher income, compared to 2001. While overall
service operations were more robust in 2001 than in 2002, income for 2001 was
adversely affected by goodwill amortization of $17.4 million and losses on
internet investments totaling a net $10.3 million.
Net earnings for 2002 was enhanced by income from discontinued operations
of $4.9 million. This income included $265,000 recognized in the first quarter
of 2002 pertaining to post closing adjustments in conjunction with the Realty
One sale and a $4.7 million tax benefit in the third quarter attributed to the
elimination of a valuation allowance on the capital portion of the loss, which
had been fully reserved in 2001 due to uncertainty of deductibility. Conversely,
the net loss for 2002 was adversely affected by a goodwill impairment charge of
$20.6 million (net of $9.4 million tax benefit) reported as the cumulative
effect of a change in accounting principle. The net loss for 2001 included, in
discontinued operations, the $1.6 million Realty One net operating loss and the
$17.6 million loss (net of a $4.0 million tax benefit) on disposal of Realty
One.
With respect to the goodwill accounting change, the Company conducted
internal analyses in early 2002 that indicated the U.S. commercial operation was
not impaired and that goodwill of the Asia operation was in fact impaired. The
Company also determined that there was a possibility of impairment in the
European operations and in Insignia Douglas Elliman and engaged third-party
valuation consultants to appraise these businesses. Their
36
evaluations indicated no impairment in the European operations and Insignia
Douglas Elliman's impairment totaled $26.8 million before taxes. The total
impairment charge of $30.0 million before taxes included approximately $3.2
million related to goodwill of Insignia Brooke in Asia. Insignia Douglas
Elliman's performance in 2002 far exceeded the estimates used in evaluating that
business for impairment at January 1, 2002.
Insignia concluded its annual impairment test as of December 31, 2002 and
that test did not demonstrate further goodwill impairment. The estimation of
business values for measuring goodwill impairment is highly subjective and
selections of different projected income levels and valuation multiples within
observed ranges can yield different results.
As a result of the foregoing, Insignia reported a net loss for 2002 of $2.5
million, or $0.20 per diluted share, and a net loss for 2001 of $13.5 million,
or $0.62 per diluted share.
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2001 AND 2000
Insignia's 2001 year was marked by a slowing worldwide economy, disruption
in the markets following the September 11 tragedy and the strategic decision to
sell Realty One. Service revenues declined 5% to $732.5 million, and income from
continuing operations declined 73% to $5.7 million. The year began following
heady 35% services revenue growth in 2000 with most markets, particularly the
Manhattan office market, the central London office market and the Manhattan
co-op and condominium market, marked by short supply. Insignia's business plan
for 2001 at the beginning of the year noted such short supply as the
constraining factor that would likely limit volume.
Following a better than normal first quarter, volume began to slow. In
retrospect, this was the first sign of a slowing global economy. That condition
became the factor most affecting operations during 2001 rather than the short
supply originally anticipated. The third quarter was particularly poor. A
disproportionate amount of third quarter volume is typically concluded in the
post-Labor Day (U.S.) and post August holiday (Europe) periods. However, the
usually high volume month of September became the weakest month of the year in
the aftermath of September 11. This was particularly the case in New York, which
is by far the largest market for Insignia.
The fourth quarter rebounded both as a result of business beginning to
return to normal, including the conclusion of many of the largest transactions
in progress during the year as well as some additional, unanticipated volume
assisting tenants displaced in New York City. As a result, Insignia reported
acceptable results for the year, particularly considering the economic
conditions and their affect on client decisions. However, such results were well
below the record 2000 results.
Commercial Real Estate Services
Revenues from commercial services declined 4%, or $26.2 million, to $613.3
million in 2001. United States commercial services revenues declined by $4.9
million to $492.8 million (from $497.7 million in 2000), European services
revenues declined by $25.3 million to $116.4 million (from $141.8 million in
2000) and start-up operations in Asia and Mexico added $4.0 million in services
revenues. EBITDA from commercial services declined by 27%, or $21.5 million, to
$58.5 million (from $80.0 million in 2000). United States EBITDA declined $9.3
million to $45.8 million (from $55.2 million in 2000), European EBITDA declined
by $9.3 million to $16.6 million (from $25.9 million in 2000) and the start-up
Asian and Latin American operations produced EBITDA losses of $3.9 million.
Revenues in commercial services are significantly impacted by SAB 101. The
impact is primarily confined to the United States, though a small number of
European transactions are impacted. SAB 101 required a change as of the
beginning of 2000 in the manner in which leasing commissions are recognized as
revenue. Leasing is the single largest source of revenue to Insignia. For 2001,
leasing commissions accounted for over 70% of U. S. commercial services revenue,
more than 60% of worldwide commercial services revenue and more than 50% of
Insignia's total revenues.
Insignia represents both tenants and landlords in the leasing of commercial
property -- office, industrial and retail. The leasing process may last from
weeks to years. Once a lease is signed and a commission agreement is in place,
Insignia's services are concluded. However, market customs and individual
negotiations govern the terms of the commission agreement. Some commissions are
earned and payable upon execution of the lease. Some are
37
payable in installments on specific dates. Others are payable in installments on
the occurrence of certain events, such as lease execution, occupancy by the
tenant, or payment of rent for a specified period (typically first month, first
six months or first year). In other much rarer instances, installments are paid
on a schedule that may require a refund by Insignia if events such as those
identified in the preceding sentence fail to occur. Under SAB 101, any
commission billable (or refundable) upon a condition other than the passage of
time may not be recognized until the billing condition is met or the refund
contingency expires. The primary impact of SAB 101 is the recognition of income
on affected leases from the date Insignia's performance is complete to the date
the tenant satisfies the obligations under his lease that are specified
conditions in the commission agreement.
In 2000, application of SAB 101 reduced reported revenues by $59.8 million.
In 2001, the application of SAB 101 increased revenues by more than $30.0
million. The impact on 2001 was the result of recognition of previously
completed leases closed during the years 1998 - 2000, reduced by deferrals of
2001 transactions. It is important to note that SAB 101 does not affect many
leasing transactions. In fact, the largest transactions concluded in both 2000
and 2001 were not affected by the provisions of SAB 101. This accounting
requirement does limit Insignia's ability to predict its revenues in the short
term (one quarter to one year). This occurs because the conditions of SAB 101
are controlled by the tenant and not by Insignia, and Insignia's estimate of the
date those events will occur often varies by months. Further, while Insignia
monitors its transaction backlog from prospect to conclusion, no particular
transaction can be reliably forecast from a revenue recognition standpoint until
the commission agreement is executed with the conditions to billing specified.
This often occurs at or near the same time as the execution of the lease.
United States
The U.S. commercial services operation suffered a decline in EBITDA of over
$9.0 million in 2001, compared to 2000. This decline - on only a 1% decrease in
revenues - arose from a number of factors, the largest of which was higher
commission expense. Commission expense includes a formulaic bonus to the
consulting department computed on commission revenues allocated to that
department. In 2000, revenues were recognized under SAB 101 as to which
contractual bonuses to the consulting department had been paid in prior years,
without any ability to recover. This circumstance created a $10.0 million lower
commission expense in 2000 than would have occurred without the accounting
change under SAB 101 and also contributes to an increase in the average reported
commission rate for 2001. In late 2000, the Company modified the formulaic
consulting department bonus such that the expense of such bonus would match
reported revenues in future periods. Further, production in 2001 was skewed
toward markets with higher average commission rates, and within those markets,
production was relatively greater among brokers who had attained higher
commission splits. The result was an overall commission expense of $15.0 million
higher than the amount that would have been recorded at 2000 average commission
rates. There were no changes in overall commission programs that would otherwise
account for this change.
Rent expense increased by approximately $3.5 million in 2001. Of this
increase, approximately $1.25 million arose from the renewal at the Company's
New York City headquarters in June 2001. Most of the remainder of the increase
was attributable to expansions primarily in California, Boston and Washington.
Also, Insignia's share of expenses of the Octane consortium increased by nearly
$1.0 million, to $1.9 million, in 2001. Conversely, incentive compensation
declined by approximately $10 million as a result of lower earnings.
Europe
Insignia's European operations are dominated by its U.K. offices, which
produced more than 90% of European revenues and EBITDA for 2001 and 2000. The
decline in European revenues and EBITDA in 2001 is directly attributable to
lower leasing and investment sales volume in the key London market. For 2001,
revenues from leasing and investment sales declined from 2000 levels by 34% and
35% to $21.4 million and $19.8 million, respectively. The year 2000 was an
exceptional period for both of these service lines as transaction volume reached
unprecedented levels. Entering 2001, market expectations were that 2000 activity
levels would not be sustained and results for 2001 reflected this expected
decline. The weakened economic conditions and the unavoidable period of
inactivity that followed the events of September 11th further compounded the
declines in Europe.
At the same time, revenues from professional services and consulting in
2001 remained relatively flat as compared to 2000. Property services revenues
for 2001 were maintained by the valuation practice, which experienced growth in
assignments compared to the levels experienced in 2000.
38
During 2001, Insignia opened a small office in Madrid, Spain and added
staff to its offices in Brussels and Milan. Most importantly, in December 2001,
Insignia acquired Insignia Bourdais, one of the largest real estate service
firms in France. For 2001 (not included in Insignia's results), Insignia
Bourdais produced revenues of almost $39 million.
Asia and Latin America
Asian and Latin American operations were started in 2001 and collectively
produced EBITDA losses of $3.9 million. These operations now give Insignia the
ability to serve clients in Hong Kong, China, Japan, Thailand, India, Mexico and
parts of South America. The losses for the 2001 year were greater than Insignia
had anticipated as a result of later additions of important capability and the
weak Asian economies.
Residential Real Estate Services
Revenues from residential services - provided through New York-based
Insignia Douglas Elliman and Insignia Residential Group declined 11%, or $14.9
million, to $119.2 million in 2001. Virtually all of the decline from year
2000's exceptionally strong pace can be attributed to the erosion in transaction
volume and sales prices in the New York apartment market.
Insignia Douglas Elliman produced service revenues and EBITDA of $92.9
million and $4.7 million, respectively, for the 2001 year. These operating
results represented sharp declines of 14%, or $14.6 million, for revenues and
58%, or $6.5 million, for EBITDA, compared to 2000. The softening of the economy
in early 2001, which continued up to and was exacerbated by the events of
September 11, led to a serious deterioration in contract activity in the New
York City and tri-state area markets. The volume of units sold dropped more than
13% from 2000 and average sales prices declined 3% year-over-year. Further,
gross transaction volume declined 16% to $2.4 billion in 2001. The decrease in
activity was experienced across the mix of real estate inventory in the New York
City marketplace, with the only exceptions being increases in sales of new
cooperative development projects and commercial space leasing.
Insignia Douglas Elliman's earnings in 2001 were adversely affected by
lower transaction volumes. Although, an increase in average commission expense
rates also contributed to the decline in EBITDA in 2001. Broker commission
splits entering 2001 were in many cases maintained at 2000 year-end levels,
which had reached heightened levels due to the robust volumes achieved during
the 2000 year. The higher commission rate in 2001 resulted in a $1.2 million
decline in EBITDA from the amount that would have been generated at 2000
commission levels. Other operating expenses in 2001 declined modestly from 2000.
Insignia Residential Group in 2001 showed a significant increase in EBITDA
compared to 2000, despite a marginal decline in revenues to $26.3 million. For
all of 2001, Insignia Residential Group generated EBITDA of $1.2 million,
representing an increase to almost three times the level experienced in 2000
($452,000). Revenues from core management increased almost 6% over 2000 as a
result of higher fees on new business, the implementation of 2001 management fee
increases to all existing clients and material declines in un-reimbursed
property related expenditures. These operating efficiencies were achieved in
part through a reorganization plan implemented in late 2000 that resulted in the
termination of non-profitable management engagements, prudent expense reductions
and a better matching of revenues and operating expenses on a individual project
basis. This reorganization resulted in the achievement of more than $1 million
in total expense savings in 2001. The 2001 year was also marked by the second
quarter engagement as property manager and leasing agent for Peter Cooper
Village/Stuyvesant Town, a 11,000 unit portfolio in Manhattan. The addition of
this significant property portfolio contributed $800,000 to total 2001 revenues.
On an annualized basis, this engagement is estimated to contribute approximately
$1.5 million to Insignia Residential Group's total service revenues.
Administrative
Administrative expenses declined by 18% to $13.4 million in 2001. Virtually
the entire change related to lower incentive compensation attributable to the
lower overall performance of the Company.
39
Other Items Included in the Determination of Net EBITDA
Interest and other income declined by 36% to $5.2 million. One reason was
lower interest rates available on short-term investment of cash on hand. The
average rate for 2001 declined to approximately 3% from over 5% in 2000. At the
same time, cash declined significantly in March 2001 as record incentive
compensation was paid based on 2000 performance. In addition, all remaining
contingent purchase consideration for Insignia's U.K. operations was achieved,
resulting in a payment of more than $22.0 million in March 2001 (through
issuance of loan notes secured by restricted cash). As a result, average cash
available for short-term investment also declined by approximately $25 million
from 2000.
Interest expense increased despite lower interest rates. Insignia's
interest rate on its revolving credit facility averaged approximately 6% in 2001
versus 8% in 2000. The average rate at December 31, 2001 was 4.9%. Average
borrowings were approximately $15 million higher in 2001 as a result of $15
million borrowed in mid-2000 for Internet investments and a further $10 million
drawn in early 2001. The average interest rate on the $117 million outstanding
under the revolving credit facility after a $32 million pay-down in January 2002
was approximately 4.5%.
In 2001, Insignia acquired Baker Commercial in Dallas in an attempt to
transform its predominantly property management business in Dallas to a more
balanced operation with quality brokerage capability. As a part of that
acquisition, Insignia decided to vacate its existing office space and move to a
location more suitable to the new business mix. A charge of $661,000 was taken
at the acquisition date in connection with the lease.
Real Estate FFO from Insignia's investment portfolio increased 56% to $6.1
million in 2001. More than $200,000 of the change was attributable to adding or
selling properties during 2001, while almost $2 million of the increase was
achieved solely from improved property operations. Of the real estate FFO
reported in 2001, more than $1 million related to properties sold during the
year and no longer owned at December 31, 2001. Real estate FFO is a financial
measure that is not defined by GAAP and Insignia's usage of this term may differ
from other companies' usage of the same or similar terms.
Insignia's earnings in 2001 benefited from the investment programs
undertaken in prior years by the financial services portion of the business.
Those investments reached a meaningful income production stage in 2001,
increasing their EBITDA contribution by $5 million to $5.3 million. An earnings
contribution of approximately $2.6 million in 2001 was provided by the Company's
fund management businesses. This performance represented an increase from
$911,000 in the year 2000. Insignia Opportunity Partners, the first of two
managed funds, became fully invested in 2001 and a second similar fund (Insignia
Opportunity Partners II) was launched in late 2001, but did not begin to produce
income during the 2001 year. In addition, the development program commenced
several years ago increased its income contribution to approximately $2.7
million in 2001, compared to approximately $1.5 million in 2000.
Other Items Included in the Determination of Income
Gains on sales of real estate through minority-owned entities nearly
tripled to $11.0 million in 2001. The increase is substantially attributable to
the sale of Fresh Meadows, an apartment complex in New York in which Insignia
held a 17.5% profits interest. This property was acquired in December 1997.
Property sales are difficult to predict and vary considerably from year to year.
In addition, as a minority owner, Insignia does not control the sale decision.
Insignia recorded impairment write-downs of an aggregate $824,000 on four
investments in 2001. Insignia's analysis indicated that the lease prospects of a
telecom building and lower income being produced by certain hotel assets
resulted in values less than their carrying amounts.
Depreciation expense (excluding property depreciation) in 2001 rose 49% to
$15.4 million, or $5.0 million over 2000. The increases are attributed to
capital spending of more than $65.0 million over the past three years for new
information technology platforms and leasehold improvements in connection with
the upgrade and relocation of offices in key U.S. markets and London.
40
Amortization of intangibles increased 2% to $24.4 million for the 2001
year. This increase reflects amortization of contingent earnouts paid in 2001.
Such additional purchase consideration was recorded as costs in excess of net
assets of acquired businesses.
Internet losses for 2001 totaled a net $10.3 million, before tax effects,
reflecting internet investment write-downs of approximately $13.4 million and
income of $3.2 million resulting from the final liquidation of EdificeRex in
December 2001. This income represented the culmination of those losses of
EdificeRex in excess of the Company's investment basis incurred during the first
half of 2000 when the Company consolidated EdificeRex. Insignia wrote off all
remaining Internet business assets and investments in 2000 and 2001 with the
exception of a $1.0 million investment in a multiple venture fund equivalent to
fair value of that investment as reported by that fund's manager.
Income taxes declined in 2001, as compared to 2000, commensurate with lower
income.
As a result of the foregoing, Insignia reported a net loss for 2001 of
$13.5 million, or $0.62 per diluted share. This net loss included the $17.6
million (net of $4.0 million tax benefit) loss on disposal and the $1.6 million
net operating loss attributed to the discontinued Realty One business.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Insignia's liquidity and capital resources consist of its cash and cash
equivalents, unused capacity under its $230.0 million revolving senior credit
facility and $37.5 million subordinated debt facility, and cash generated by
operations. Historically, the Company's cash on hand and cash flows have been
utilized to fund all working capital requirements, including capital
expenditures, and real estate investments. Conversely, the Company's credit
facilities have generally been used to fund the cash portion of acquisitions of
businesses and certain prior internet investments. Insignia's unrestricted cash
at December 31, 2002 totaled $111.5 million, representing a $20.3 million
decline from $131.9 million at December 31, 2001. The decline in 2002 stems
primarily from the pay-down of an aggregate $54.0 million on the senior
revolving credit facility and payment of approximately $60.0 million of
incentive payments for the 2001 year, offset in part by $23.25 million in net
proceeds from the sale of Realty One, $27.5 million in preferred stock and
subordinated debt issuances ($18.5 million of which was used to purchase the
marina based development parcels in the U.S. Virgin Islands). At December 31,
2002, the Company had commitments to pay over $52.0 million of incentives
pertaining to the 2002 year. This amount is included in accrued incentives in
the Company's consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2002.
Insignia's cash flow provided by operating activities in 2002 totaled $12.8
million, down 52% from $26.7 million in 2001 and down substantially from the
$80.4 million for the record 2000 year. Operating cash flows are most impacted
by economic conditions affecting the Company's transactional revenues as well as
the timing and amount of payments of brokerage commissions, annual employee
incentives and other operating requirements. During 2002, the Company's service
revenues declined $21.3 million from 2001 and cash flows from operations
suffered as a consequence. Also, operating cash flows in accordance with GAAP
excludes equity earnings in unconsolidated real estate ventures, which Insignia
views as operating, and matches incentives earned in the prior year with current
year operations. As evidence, operating cash flows in 2002 are lowered by the
payment of incentives pertaining to the 2001 year of approximately $60.0
million, which exceeds bonus levels payable based on 2002 earnings production by
more than $10.0 million.
Significant investing and financing cash flows in 2002 include the
following: (i) $23.25 million of proceeds from the sale of Realty One (noted
above), the single family brokerage business in Cleveland, Ohio sold in January
2002; (ii) $44.6 million of aggregate proceeds from real estate investments,
including proceeds from the sale of nine minority owned assets and two
wholly-owned real estate properties (offset by $28.4 million of repayments on
real estate mortgage notes); (iii) investments in real estate assets aggregating
$46.7 million; (iv) payments on notes payable of $60.0 million, including $54.0
million on the senior revolving credit facility; and (v) $27.5 million in
proceeds from preferred stock and subordinated debt issuances.
As an alternative to GAAP cash flows, Insignia monitors Net EBITDA reduced
by applicable income taxes as a proxy for its cash flow from operations because
this computation derives a measure of working capital resources produced by
operations, which is generally available for investment or other purposes.
41
The table below summarizes Net EBITDA less applicable income taxes and
deductions for capital expenditures for years 2002, 2001 and 2000:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31
2002 2001 2000
---- ---- ----
(In thousands)
NET EBITDA $ 51,564 $ 54,458 $ 78,046
Applicable income tax (10,719) (3,207) (17,013)
--------------------------------------
AFTER TAX NET EBITDA 40,845 51,251 61,033
Capital expenditures (10,403) (15,604) (25,807)
--------------------------------------
TOTAL $ 30,442 $ 35,647 $ 35,226
======================================
Debt
The Company's debt consists of borrowings under its $230.0 million senior
revolving credit facility and a $37.5 million subordinated credit facility
provided by funds affiliated with Blackacre Capital Management, LLC,
("Blackacre") acquisition loan notes payable to sellers of the acquired UK
businesses (backed fully by restricted cash deposits) and real estate mortgages
secured solely by the property assets owned by three consolidated subsidiaries.
The following table sets forth Insignia's total outstanding long-term debt at
December 31, 2002 and 2001.
DECEMBER 31
2002 2001
-------- --------
(In thousands)
NOTES PAYABLE
Senior revolving credit facility $ 95,000 $149,000
Subordinated credit facility 15,000 --
Acquisition loan notes 16,889 20,972
-------------------
126,889 169,972
-------------------
REAL ESTATE MORTGAGE NOTES 66,795 37,269
-------------------
TOTAL $193,684 $207,241
===================
Maturities on the Company's debt range from December 2004 to October 2023.
The Company also maintains a (pound)5 million line of credit in the UK for short
term working capital purposes in Europe. The Company has not borrowed on this
line of credit during the past two years.
At December 31, 2002, the amount outstanding on the senior revolving credit
facility was $95.0 million and the interest rate on amounts drawn was
approximately 4.25%. At that date, the Company also had $11.0 million in
outstanding letters of credit that are considered outstanding amounts under the
terms of the senior revolving credit facility. Approximately $10.4 million of
the letters of credit pertained to real estate investment obligations and the
remainder related to office lease arrangements. The $95.0 million of borrowings
represents the lowest outstanding balance under the senior revolving credit
facility since the Douglas Elliman acquisition in June 1999. The unused
commitment at December 31, 2002 was approximately $124.0 million. Insignia made
a $67.0 million pay down on the Company's senior revolving credit facility on
March 14, 2003 in connection with the sale of the Company's residential
businesses. The payment lowered outstanding borrowings on the senior facility to
$28.0 million. The senior revolving credit facility matures in May 2004.
Borrowings under the senior revolving credit facility bear interest at
LIBOR plus a margin that varies according to the ratio of debt to consolidated
EBITDA. The margin above LIBOR was 2.50% at December 31, 2002. Insignia is
vulnerable to increases in interest rates as a result of either increases in
LIBOR or its margin above LIBOR. A 100 basis point increase in the effective
interest rate would increase interest expense by approximately $1.0 million on
an
42
annual basis. The $37.5 million Blackacre credit facility is subordinate to
Insignia's senior credit facility and bears interest, payable quarterly, at an
annual rate of 11.25% to 12.25%, depending on the amount borrowed. The $15.0
million outstanding at December 31, 2002 bears interest at 11.25% and all
further borrowings will bear interest at 12.25%. Insignia may borrow the
remaining $22.5 million available under the subordinated facility at any time
through December 2003. The subordinated debt matures in June 2009. In
conjunction with the subordinated debt agreement, the Company negotiated an
amendment to its senior credit facility to permit borrowings on the Blackacre
credit facility and to allow for a broader range of principal investment
activities.
The Company's senior and subordinated credit agreements contain covenants
concerning the maintenance of a minimum consolidated net worth, maximum total
debt, maximum leverage ratios and certain other financial ratios. The most
restrictive of these covenants are the leverage ratios, which are based on the
ratios of total debt and senior debt to consolidated EBITDA. Under these
covenants, the maximum amount of total debt outstanding cannot exceed 3.5 times
EBITDA for the trailing four quarters and senior debt (all debt excluding the
subordinated credit facility) outstanding cannot exceed 3.0 times EBITDA for the
trailing four quarters. At December 31, 2002, Insignia had approximately $80.0
million of availability on its credit facilities under these covenants. At
December 31, 2002, the Company was in compliance with all financial covenants.
In the event that the proposed Merger with CB Richard Ellis is consummated,
borrowings under the senior and subordinated credit facilities would be repaid
at closing and the respective credit agreements would be terminated. The U.K.
acquisition loan notes outstanding at December 31, 2002 are guaranteed by a
bank, as required by the terms of the respective purchase agreements. The bank
holds restricted cash deposits sufficient to repay the notes in full when due.
The acquisition loan notes have a final maturity of April 2010 and are
redeemable semi-annually by the note holders. Real estate mortgage notes,
totaling $66.8 million at December 31, 2002, are secured solely by three
property assets owned by consolidated subsidiaries and are non-recourse to
Insignia.
Real Estate Investments and Related Obligations
Insignia's real estate investments include operating real estate
properties, real estate under development and investment entities investing in
below investment grade or lower rated securitized real estate debt. Each of
these entities is debt financed. The real estate entities in which Insignia owns
a minority interest owned aggregate assets of approximately $1.2 billion and
were obligated on aggregate debt of over $700.0 million at December 31, 2002.
Each entity is liable only for its own debt, and such debt is substantially
non-recourse other than to the asset financed.
At December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively, the consolidated carrying
value of the Company's real estate investments consisted of the following:
December 31
2002 2001
---- ----
(In thousands)
Minority interests in operating properties $ 21,109 $ 29,282
Consolidated operating properties 46,427 41,788
Consolidated development property 38,778 --
Minority interests in development properties 10,014 10,761
Land held for future development 1,726 2,308
Minority interests in real estate debt investment funds 16,081 11,571
--------------------
TOTAL REAL ESTATE INVESTMENTS $134,135 $ 95,710
====================
The real estate carrying amounts of consolidated properties were financed
by real estate mortgage debt totaling $66.8 million and $37.3 million at
December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. One of the consolidated operating
properties is a minority owned apartment complex in located in New York City
that is consolidated, beginning in 2002, by virtue of general partner control.
Insignia's equity at book value in the consolidated properties totaled $21.7
million at December 31, 2002 and $5.5 million at December 31, 2001. The Company
has no further obligations to these consolidated properties or their creditors.
43
In March 2002, Insignia sold an office building in Tokyo, Japan purchased
in late 2001, and in September 2002 it sold a shopping center in Florida. Each
of the assets was held by a consolidated subsidiary at December 31, 2001. The
Tokyo office building was purchased solely for resale to a client for a fee of
approximately $600,000 and the shopping center, acquired in October 1999, was
sold for a $1.3 million gain. The sale of these two consolidated properties
reduced the Company's real estate investments and corresponding real estate
mortgage notes by $33.0 million and $29.0 million, respectively.
In July 2002, a subsidiary of the Company acquired three contiguous parcels
of property, including related leasehold rights and an existing marina, located
in St. Thomas, United States Virgin Islands. The initial purchase price of
approximately $35.0 million was paid with $18.5 million in cash and a portion of
a $20.0 million borrowing by the subsidiary under a $40.0 million non-recourse
mortgage loan facility. The remaining availability under the loan facility will
be utilized in future development activities of the property.
Apart from the potential loss of its equity investment, totaling $70.7
million at book value in all real estate entities at December 30, 2002,
Insignia's other material risks consist only of specific financial obligations
it has undertaken or standard exceptions in the mortgage lending industry from
the non-recourse provisions of real estate mortgage loans. The specific
obligations to all real estate entities at December 31, 2002 consisted of the
following:
Amount
--------------
(In thousands)
Letters of credit partially backing construction loans $ 8,900
Other letters of credit and guarantees of property debt 2,825
Future capital contributions for capital improvements 150
Future capital contributions for additional asset purchases 2,105
--------------
TOTAL OBLIGATIONS $13,980
==============
Outstanding letters of credit generally have one-year terms to maturity and
bear standard renewal provisions. Other letters of credit and guarantees of
property debt do not bear formal maturity dates and remain outstanding until
certain conditions (such as final sale of property and funding of capital
commitments) have been satisfied. The future capital contributions represent
contractual equity commitments for specified activities of the respective real
estate entities. Insignia, as a matter of policy, would consider advancing funds
to real estate entities beyond its legal obligation as a new capital
contribution subject to normal investment returns.
Each real estate entity in which Insignia holds an investment is a single
purpose entity, the assets of which are subject to the obligations only of that
entity. Each entity's debt, except to the extent of the letters of credit and
other guarantees/commitments shown above, is either (i) non-recourse except to
the real estate assets of the subject entity, subject only to limited exceptions
generally applicable in such non-recourse financing, or (ii) an obligation
solely of such limited liability entity and thus is non-recourse to other assets
of the Company. Standard limited exceptions in non-recourse financing are
generally up to the full value of the mortgage debt, yet are limited to damages
caused by circumstances such as fraud, theft, the misapplication of rents or
environmental liabilities, and so forth.
44
Contingent Purchase Consideration
Insignia has potential obligations to pay contingent purchase consideration
("earnouts"), with respect to certain past acquisitions. Two earnouts
aggregating a maximum amount of $7.4 million are believed extremely unlikely to
ever become payable. Other acquisition earnouts, excluding amounts measurable
after December 31, 2002 for Insignia Bourdais, are believed more likely than not
of becoming payable, and the amounts payable after December 31, 2002 would
approximate the following:
Year Amount
----------------------- ---------------------
(In thousands)
2003 $ 7,975
2004 3,710
2005 500
---------------------
TOTAL $ 12,185
=====================
The 2003 amount payable includes $6.0 million measured and accrued in the
Company's consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2002. With respect to
Insignia Bourdais, $21.4 million was paid at closing in a combination of cash
and Insignia common stock. Based on the performance of Insignia Bourdais for its
fiscal year ended March 31, 2002 and the period ended December 31, 2002,
additional purchase price of approximately $6.0 million was paid in June 2002
(by issuance of 131,480 Insignia common shares and $4.7 million in cash) and a
further $4.3 million accrued in the Company's balance sheet at December 31, 2002
is payable in March 2003. Additional contingent consideration of up to $18.5
million may be payable based on operating results for the 2003 and 2004 calendar
years. Payment of all remaining earnout would require average annual EBITDA of
approximately $14.0 million (13.3 million euro), which compares to actual EBITDA
for the 2002 calendar year of approximately $7.9 million. Future earnout
calculations will be based upon a 1.41 multiple of EBITDA over $7.4 million (7.0
million euro). The Company is not able to predict the amount of future
consideration payable under the remaining earnout provision. All future amounts
that become payable are payable in euros and the operating results that form the
basis of calculation are measured in euros. As a result, the dollar obligation,
if any, will fluctuate with the euro.
Other Commitments
Operating Leases
The Company leases office space and equipment under non-cancelable
operating leases. Minimum annual rentals under operating leases for fiscal years
2003 - 2007 and thereafter are as follows:
AMOUNT
----------------------
(In thousands)
2003 $ 32,207
2004 30,231
2005 27,580
2006 25,386
2007 23,513
Thereafter 68,163
----------------------
TOTAL MINIMUM PAYMENTS $ 207,080
======================
Certain of the leases are subject to renewal options and annual escalation
based on the Consumer Price Index or annual increases in operating expenses. The
lease on the Company's U.K. headquarters in London expires in June 2003 and a
decision has been made to relocate. In October 2002, an agreement was reached
for Insignia Richard Ellis to take the assignment of a lease on Kingsley House,
Wimpole Street that expires in May 2011. The lease assignment was formally
completed in February 2003. The Kingsley House space comprises approximately
57,500 square feet with an annual rent of $4.2 million. The Company will take
occupancy of the new office space in June 2003. The relocation will increase
annual U.K. occupancy expense by over $1.0 million. Capital expenditures in
connection with the relocation are estimated at approximately $6.0 million.
45
In June 2002, the Company recorded a $1.0 million charge for the estimated
costs of subleasing excess office space previously used by the Company's
residential property management subsidiary, Insignia Residential Group. The
lease charge was determined based on assumptions regarding the probable sublease
of the excess space, including passage of an estimated 12 months prior to
receiving rents from a subtenant. All office leases of Insignia Residential
Group and Insignia Douglas Elliman were assumed by the buyer in connection with
their purchase on March 14, 2003.
Convertible Preferred Stock
Insignia has 375,000 shares, or $37.5 million, of convertible preferred
stock outstanding to investment funds affiliated with Blackacre. This
convertible preferred stock includes 250,000 shares, or $25.0 million, of Series
A, initially purchased in February 2000, and 125,000 shares, or $12.5 million,
of Series B purchased in June 2002. The initial preferred stock originally
carried a 4% annual dividend and was exchanged in June 2002 in conjunction with
the $12.5 million issuance for Series A convertible preferred stock. The
convertible preferred stock carries an 8.5% annual dividend, payable quarterly
at Insignia's option in cash or in kind. The annual dividend commitment totals
approximately $3.2 million. In 2002, the Company paid total cash dividends of
approximately $1.8 million.
The convertible preferred stock has a perpetual term, although Insignia may
call the preferred stock, at stated value, after June 7, 2005. In connection
with the proposed Merger, Blackacre has agreed to the conversion of the
convertible preferred stock into a cash amount equal to the stated value of
$100.00 per share (totaling $37.5 million (2002) and $25.0 million (2001)) plus
accrued and unpaid dividends.
Project Octane
In September 2000, the Company joined Project Octane ("Octane"), an
industry consortium comprised of Insignia, CB Richard Ellis, Inc., Jones Lang
LaSalle Incorporated and Trammell Crow Company formed to develop on-line
transaction platforms for commercial real estate services. In May 2001, the
consortium members entered into a software development cooperation agreement
that included a commitment of each member to contribute up to approximately $4.4
million to Octane through December 31, 2004. Approximately $1.4 million of the
total commitment has been called and funded by each member. Under the terms of
the cooperation agreement the Company would be obligated to contribute
additional proceeds only upon a request or capital call of the Board of Managers
for the consortium, which request requires the approval of three of the four
managers representing the four Octane members.
Capital Expenditures
Insignia's capital expenditures for 2002 totaled $10.4 million,
approximately one-third below original projections for the year due to the
elimination or deferral of many planned expenditures. Approximately $2.0 million
of the 2002 expenditure total was required as a result of an unanticipated
change in Microsoft's corporate licensing practices. The remainder of 2002
capital expenditures was attributed to the purchase of personal computers, other
information technology infrastructure and leasehold improvements pertaining to
limited office relocations and expansions, predominantly in the U.S. Insignia's
projected capital requirement for 2003 totals approximately $18.0 million, of
which 50% relates to the European group. The European expenditure requirement
includes approximately $6.0 million for leaseholds in the relocation of the
Company's UK headquarters in London and a further $2.0 million for the
replacement of the UK finance and customer relationship management systems,
projects originally planned for 2002 but deferred until 2003. Domestic capital
expenditures for 2003 totaling approximately $9.0 million consist primarily of
office costs for relocations in Dallas, Miami and Long Island, information
technology costs, including a $1.0 million development of a website for Insignia
Douglas Elliman, and computer replacements. The Company continues to monitor and
control capital spending needs, limiting commitments to matters of priority and
necessity. Insignia expects to fund future capital expenditures from cash on
hand and cash provided by operations.
46
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In January 2003, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB") issued
Interpretation No. 46, Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, an
interpretation of ARB No. 51. This Interpretation addresses the consolidation by
business enterprises of variable interest entities as defined in the
Interpretation. The Interpretation applies immediately to variable interests in
variable interest entities created after January 31, 2003, and to variable
interests in variable interest entities obtained after January 31, 2003. The
Interpretation requires certain disclosures in financial statements issued after
January 31, 2003 if it is reasonably possible that the Company will consolidate
or disclose information about variable interest entities when the Interpretation
becomes effective. A public enterprise with a variable interest in a variable
interest entity created before February 1, 2003, shall apply this guidance
(other than the required disclosures prior to the effective date) to that entity
as of the beginning of the first interim or annual reporting period beginning
after June 15, 2003. The application of this Interpretation is not expected to
have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
In November 2002, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 45, Guarantor's
Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect
Guarantees of Indebtedness to Others, an interpretation of FASB Statements No.
5, 57 and 107 and a rescission of FASB Interpretation No. 34. This
Interpretation elaborates on the disclosures to be made by a guarantor in its
interim and annual financial statements about its obligations under guarantees
issued. The Interpretation also clarifies that a guarantor is required to
recognize, at inception of a guarantee, a liability for the fair value of the
obligation undertaken. The initial recognition and measurement provisions of the
Interpretation are applicable to guarantees issued or modified after December
31, 2002 and are not expected to have a material effect on the Company's
consolidated financial statements.
In June 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 146, Accounting for Costs Associated
with Exit or Disposal Activities. SFAS No. 146 provides guidance for accounting
and financial reporting for costs associated with exit or disposal activities
and supersedes Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) Issue No. 94-3, Liability
Recognition for Certain Employee Termination Benefits and Other Costs to Exit an
Activity. SFAS No. 146 requires the recognition of a liability for costs
associated with an exit or disposal activity when the liability is incurred and
establishes fair value as the initial measurement of a liability. Under EITF
Issue No. 94-3, a liability for an exit cost is recognized at the date of a
commitment to an exit plan. SFAS No. 146 is effective for exit or disposal
activities initiated after December 31, 2002.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Management's discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of
operations is based upon the Company's consolidated financial statements, which
have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial
statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the
reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. The Company
bases its estimates on historical experience and assumptions that are believed
to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis
for making judgments about carrying values of assets and liabilities that are
not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these
estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Insignia believes the
following critical accounting policies affect its significant judgments and
estimates used in the preparation of its consolidated financial statements.
Revenue Recognition
The Company's real estate services revenues are generally recorded when the
related services are performed or at closing in the case of real estate sales.
Leasing commissions that are payable upon tenant occupancy, payment of rent or
other events beyond the Company's control are recognized upon the occurrence of
such events. As certain conditions to revenue recognition for leasing
commissions are outside of the Company's control and are not clearly defined,
judgment must be exercised in determining when such required events to
recognition have occurred. Revenues from tenant representation, agency leasing,
investment sales and residential brokerage, which collectively comprise a
substantial portion of Insignia's service revenues, are transactional in nature
and therefore subject to seasonality and changes in business and capital market
conditions. As a consequence, the timing of transactions and resulting revenue
recognition is difficult to predict.
47
Insignia's revenue from property management services is generally based
upon percentages of the revenue generated by the properties that it manages. In
conjunction with the provision of management services, the Company customarily
employs personnel (either directly or on behalf of the property owner) to
provide services solely to the properties managed. In most instances, Insignia
is reimbursed by the owners of managed properties for direct payroll related
costs incurred in the employment of property personnel. The aggregate amount of
payroll costs reimbursed has ranged from $50.0 million to $75.0 million
annually. Such payroll reimbursements are generally characterized in the
Company's consolidated statements of operations as a reduction of actual
expenses incurred. This characterization is based on the following factors: (i)
the property owner generally has authority over hiring practices and the
approval of payroll prior to payment by the Company; (ii) Insignia is the
primary obligor with respect to the property personnel, but bears little or no
credit risk under the terms of the management contract; (iii) reimbursement to
the Company is generally completed prior to or simultaneously with payment of
payroll; and (iv) the Company generally earns no margin in the arrangement,
obtaining reimbursement only for actual cost incurred.
Principles of Consolidation
Insignia's consolidated financial statements include the accounts of all
majority owned subsidiaries and all entities over which the Company exercises
voting control over operating decisions. All significant intercompany balances
and transactions have been eliminated. Entities in which the Company owns less
than the majority interest and has substantial influence are recorded on the
equity method of accounting (net of payments to certain employees in respect of
equity grants or rights to proceeds).
In one instance, a partnership owning an apartment property located in
Manhattan, New York, in which the Company owns a 1% general partner (with
additional interests in profits depending on performance) is consolidated by
virtue of control of the partnership. Since the cumulative losses of the
partnership have exceeded the limited partners' original investment, the
partnership is consolidated into Insignia's financial statements and no minority
interest is reflected, even though Insignia holds a minority economic interest.
Business Combinations
The Company accounts for its business combinations under the purchase
method of accounting. As such, the Company allocates the acquisition cost to the
identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on respective fair
values at date of acquisition. The excess of the cost of the acquired company
over the sum of the amounts assigned to identifiable assets acquired, less
liabilities assumed, is then allocated among identifiable intangible assets and
goodwill. The Company utilizes various methods customarily used in determining
the fair value of identifiable intangible assets. These methods include, but are
not limited to, obtaining independent appraisals, preparing discounted cash flow
analysis and comparable sales analysis. The Company engaged third-party
consultants to determine the fair value of intangible assets identified in the
Baker Commercial (October 2001) and Groupe Bourdais (December 2001)
acquisitions. Identified intangible assets included property management
contracts, customer backlog, non-compete agreements, franchise agreements and
trade names. Customer backlog, the most significant of the acquired intangible
assets, causes income to be lower in the initial period subsequent to
acquisition because of a very short amortization period of generally less than
one year.
All contingent consideration determinable at the date of acquisition is
included in determining the cost of an acquired company. Consideration which is
due at the expiration of the contingency period or which is held in escrow
pending the outcome of the contingency is disclosed but not recorded as a
liability or as additional cost of the acquired company unless the outcome of
the contingency is determinable and probable.
Valuation of Investments
The Company reviews all real estate and other investments on a quarterly
basis for evidence of impairment. Impairment losses are recognized whenever
events or changes in circumstances indicate declines in value of such
investments below carrying value and the related undiscounted cash flows are not
sufficient to recover the investment carrying amount. Generally, Insignia relies
upon the expertise of its own property professionals to assess real estate
values. When such internal assessment is not deemed sufficiently reliable or
Insignia considers its expertise limited with respect to a particular
investment, third party valuations are generally obtained in instances where
indicators of possible impairment exist. Property valuations and estimates of
related future cash flows are by nature subjective and will vary from actual
results.
48
Valuation of Intangibles
The Company's intangible assets substantially consist of goodwill, property
management contracts, favorable premises leases, and other intangibles including
non-compete agreements, franchise agreements, customer backlog and trade names.
Through December 31, 2001, the Company used an undiscounted cash flow
methodology to determine whether underlying operating cash flows were sufficient
to recover the carrying amount of intangible assets. As of January 1, 2002,
goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets are no longer amortized,
but are evaluated annually for impairment. Goodwill is evaluated for impairment
based on a reporting unit fair value approach as required by SFAS No. 142. In
determining fair value of a reporting unit, the Company may rely on third-party
appraisals as well as internal analyses based on the application of generally
accepted valuation approaches. Such valuation approaches include a market
approach, which includes both comparisons to other comparable publicly traded
businesses and recent transactions involving similar businesses, and an income
approach based on discounted cash flows. All such estimates are subjective and
selected from a range of observed valuation methods.
Valuation of Deferred Taxes
The Company records deferred income tax assets and liabilities to reflect
the tax consequences on future years of temporary differences of revenue and
expense items for financial statement and income tax purposes. The Company
periodically evaluates the realization of its deferred income tax assets by
considering the existence of sufficient taxable income of the appropriate
character and provides a reserve for any amounts that are unlikely to be
realized. At December 31, 2002, the Company maintained a valuation allowance
totaling approximately $5.6 million pertaining primarily to operating losses in
certain foreign jurisdictions. Such losses are deductible only to the extent of
future income in the applicable tax jurisdictions. The benefit of these amounts
would only become realizable if and when sufficient taxable income is generated
in the appropriate reporting jurisdiction. At December 31, 2002, the Company
also had approximately $12.6 million and $41.1 million in net operating losses
for federal and state and local income tax purposes that are available to be
utilized in future periods to the extent of taxable income generated.
Stock Based Compensation
In September 2002, the Company adopted the fair value expense recognition
provisions of SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation, in
accounting for employee stock options. The accounting change results in the
expensing of the estimated fair value of employee stock options granted by the
Company, and has been applied on a prospective basis for all stock options
granted on or after January 1, 2002. The fair value of options is estimated as
of the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model and
amortized to expense over the respective option vesting periods, which generally
total five years. The Company previously followed Opinion No. 25, Accounting for
Stock Issued to Employees ("APB 25"). Under APB 25, no compensation expense is
recognized when the exercise price of an employee stock option equals or exceeds
the market price at issuance.
The Black-Scholes option valuation model was developed for use in
estimating the fair value of transferable options and warrants with no vesting
restrictions. This method requires the input of subjective assumptions including
the expected stock price volatility and weighted average expected life of the
options. The Company's employee stock options have characteristics significantly
different from those of transferable options and changes in the subjective input
assumptions can materially affect the value estimate. The Black-Scholes model is
not the only reliable measure that could be used to determine the fair value of
employee stock options. The Company believes that any and all valuations of
employee stock options will necessarily be estimates. The ultimate impact of the
accounting change on the Company's future earnings will depend on the number of
options issued in the future, as to which the Company has no specific plan, and
the estimated value of each option. Insignia does not expense the value of
outstanding options issued before January 1, 2002. The Company issued 290,000
employee options during 2002 with an estimated aggregate fair value of $842,000
under the Black-Scholes model. Stock compensation expense recognized in 2002
under SFAS No. 123 totaled approximately $154,000.
49
Bad Debts
Insignia does not traditionally experience significant bad debts or
encounter significant credit issues. This is in part because portions of
commissions are generally paid at closing, which is also when revenue is
recognized, unless significant contingencies exist with respect to contract
fulfillment. Also, leasing commissions that are payable only upon the occurrence
of certain events such as tenant occupancy or payment of rent are generally
recognized as revenues simultaneous with the occurrence of those events.
However, Insignia does carry receivables that it must monitor for
collectibility. The Company monitors its receivables on a continual basis and
maintains an allowance for bad debts typically estimated in a range of 2% to 4%
of total receivables. Credit losses have historically been insignificant;
however, estimating credit losses requires significant judgment, and conditions
may change or new information may become known after any periodic evaluation. As
a result, actual credit losses will differ from the Company's estimates. The
Company's bad debt expense totaled approximately $5.0 million, $1.9 million and
$4.1 million in 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively.
Defined Benefit Plan
The Company's U.K. business, Insignia Richard Ellis, maintains a defined
benefit plan for certain of its employees. This plan is not open to new
participants, as persons not already in this plan may only participate in the
Company's defined contribution plans. The Company obtains annual independent
actuarial valuations in measuring the funded status and net periodic pension
cost of the plan in accordance with GAAP. A critical assumption in determining
the projected benefit obligation and periodic pension expense of the plan is the
expected return on plan assets. The expected return was projected at 6.5% as of
December 31, 2002 and 2001 and 7% as of December 31, 2000. As a result of
adverse financial market conditions over the past several years, the expected
return on plan assets has materially exceeded the actual return in both 2002 and
2001. The actual return in 2002 was a negative $3.0 million and in 2001 was a
negative $3.4 million. This trend resulted in the substantial deterioration of
the plan's funded status. The 2002 shortfall increased the plans minimum pension
liability from $1.6 million at December 31, 2001 to $14.6 million at December
31, 2002. In accordance with GAAP, such deterioration is not recognized
currently in the Company's earnings for the periods, instead recognized in
accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in stockholders' equity in the
Company's consolidated balance sheet. To the extent that actual returns over
extended periods are less than the expected return, net pension costs in future
periods would increase. As evidence, the plan's periodic pension expense
increased from $168,000 in 2001 to approximately $1.2 million in 2002 and the
actuarially projected pension expense for 2003 approximates $3.0 million.
IMPACT OF INFLATION AND CHANGING PRICES
Insignia's businesses bear exposure to inflationary changes in operating
expenditures and market risks from changing prices including fluctuations in
property rental rates, market interest rates, real estate property values and
foreign currency fluctuations affecting operating results in Europe, Asia and
Latin America. In recent years, inflation has not had a significant impact on
the Company's results of operations; however, in 2002 the Company began to
experience increases in certain expenditures, including office occupancy costs,
corporate insurance premiums and employee-related expenses. The uncontrollable
increases in corporate insurance premiums and higher occupancy costs (caused by
the office relocations and renewals) are expected to continue to adversely
effect earnings in 2003.
The Company's revenues from transactional services are impacted by
fluctuations in interest rates, lease rates and property values. Commercial
service revenues are derived from a broad range of services that are primarily
transaction driven and are therefore volatile in nature and highly competitive.
The revenues from property management are highly dependent upon market rents of
the properties managed, which are affected by rental rates and building
occupancy rates. Rental rate increases are dependent upon market conditions and
the competitive environments in the respective locations of the properties.
Employee compensation is the principal cost element of property management.
Changes in market interest rates and real property values impact the revenues of
the Company's New York-based co-op and condo brokerage and apartment leasing
business. The Company's earnings from real estate financial services and asset
dispositions are most affected by leasing rates and real estate property values.
In 2002, the Company's real estate investment portfolio continued to suffer from
deterioration of property values and rents due to high vacancy levels caused by
the US economic slowdown. As a consequence, the Company recorded impairment
write-downs of an aggregate $3.5 million on eight of its property investments in
2002.
50
NATURE OF OPERATIONS
The Company's revenues are substantially derived from tenant
representation, agency leasing, investment sales, consulting and residential
brokerage services. Revenues generated by these services are transactional in
nature and therefore affected by seasonality, availability of space, competition
in the market place and changes in business and capital market conditions. A
significant portion of the expenses associated with these transactional
activities is directly correlated to revenue. Also, certain conditions to
revenue recognition for leasing commissions are outside of the Company's
control.
Consistent with the industry in general, the Company's revenues and
operating income have historically been lower during the first three calendar
quarters than in the fourth quarter. The reasons for the concentration of
earnings in the fourth quarter include a general, industry-wide focus on
completing transactions by calendar year end, as well as the constant nature of
the Company's non-variable expenses throughout the year versus the seasonality
of its revenues. This phenomenon has generally produced a historical pattern of
higher revenues and income in the last half of the year and a gradual slowdown
in transactional activity and corresponding operating results during the first
quarter. This tendency notwithstanding, it is completely possible that any
fourth quarter may not be the best performance quarter of a particular year.
In 2002, Insignia's quarterly operating results were generally consistent
with normal seasonal patterns, although overall performance continued to suffer
from poor global economic conditions. In recent years, prior to 2002, the
Company's operating results were particularly unpredictable and inconsistent
with such historical quarter to quarter seasonal patterns. As evidence, in 2001
the Company realized its best ever first quarter, yet produced much lower second
and third quarters than the preceding year due to the effects of the global
economic slowdown and the tragic events of September 11. Insignia's quarterly
earnings are also susceptible to the potential adverse effects of unforeseen
market disruptions like that of the third quarter of 2001. Consequently, future
revenue production and earnings may be difficult to predict and comparisons from
period to period may be difficult to interpret.
The Company plans its capital and operating expenditures based on its
expectations of future revenues. If revenues are below expectations in any given
quarter, the Company may be unable to control expenditures to compensate for any
unexpected revenue shortfall. The Company's business and earnings could suffer
as a consequence.
FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain items discussed in this Report constitute forward-looking
statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of
1995 and, as such, involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other
factors which may cause the actual results, performance or achievements of the
Company to be materially different from any future results, performance or
achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. You can
identify such statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to
historical or current facts. Statements that make reference to the expectations
or beliefs of the Company or any of its management are such forward-looking
statements. These statements use words such as "believe", "expect", "should" and
"anticipate". Such information includes, without limitation, statements
regarding Insignia's future financial performance, cash flows, expansion plans,
estimated capital expenditures and statements concerning the performance of the
U.S. and international commercial and residential brokerage markets. Actual
results will be affected by a variety of risks and factors, including, without
limitation, international, national and local economic conditions and real
estate and financing risks, as well as those set forth under the caption "Risk
Factors" in Item 1 of this Form 10-K.
All such forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this
Report. The Company expressly disclaims any obligation or undertaking to release
publicly any updates of revisions to any forward-looking statements contained
herein to reflect any change in the Company's expectations with regard thereto
or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement
is based.
51
ITEM 7A - QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE OF MARKET RISK
Real estate market trends are cyclical and correlated to economic
conditions and to public perception of the economic outlook. In addition,
capital availability tends to also be cyclical, leading to periods of excess
supply or shortages. When supply is constrained or the economic outlook is poor,
transaction volumes, particularly for leasing and investment sales, may decline.
When capital is constrained or there is excess supply, property investment
volume may decline.
Periods of economic slowdown or recession, rising interest rates, inflation
or declining demand for real estate will adversely affect Insignia's business
and may cause, among other things: (i) declines in leasing activity; (ii)
declines in the availability of capital for investment in and mortgage financing
for commercial real estate; (iii) declines in consumer demand for New York
co-ops and condominiums; and (iv) declines in rental rates and property values,
with a commensurate decline in real estate service revenues. In 2001 and 2002,
the Company's commercial businesses suffered from a global economic slowdown
which has caused a material decline in leasing activity in most U.S. and
European markets from the robust levels experienced in 2000. Insignia's
commercial services business will not fully recover in 2003 without a meaningful
upturn in U.S. leasing activity, particularly in New York.
Insignia is exposed to a variety of market risks, including foreign
currency fluctuations and changes in interest rates. In addition to the United
States, the Company conducts business in foreign jurisdictions throughout
Europe, Asia and Latin America. However, currencies other than the British
pound, euro and dollar have comprised less than 1% of annual revenues. The
Company's European operations, which are conducted using the pound and euro
currencies, generally have produced 15% to 25% of the Company's total service
revenues. With the addition of Insignia Bourdais in France, revenue
contributions in euros in 2002 increased significantly from prior periods.
Revenues derived in euro's totaled $56.7 million in 2002, up from $10.5 million
in 2001 and $9.5 million in 2000. Total services revenues conducted using the
pound and euro totaled $178.5 million in 2002, or 25% of Insignia's consolidated
service revenues for the year. For 2001 and 2000, Insignia's service revenues
conducted in these currencies totaled $116.4 million, or 16%, and $141.8
million, or 18%, respectively.
Because the pound and euro have declined over the last three years, the
Company's reported revenues and earnings from its foreign operations have been
adversely affected when translated to dollars. Beginning in mid-2002, these
currencies experienced a substantial recovery, which had a favorable impact on
the 2002 translated earnings from foreign operations. Changes in the value of
such currencies against the US dollar will continually impact the Company's
reported results. As evidence, a 10% change in the pound and euro could have an
annual impact of approximately $17.0 million on revenues based on typical
European operations.
The Company's residential brokerage and leasing business may be affected by
changes in the general level of market interest rates, consumer confidence,
spending habits and overall levels of indebtedness, economic activity and the
health of the New York-based financial services industry. Consumer purchases of
co-op and condo properties in New York are influenced to some degree by mortgage
interest rates, particularly at the lower end of the spectrum of sales prices.
Changes in interest rates also affect the interest earned on the Company's cash
and equivalents as well as interest paid on credit facility borrowings. Interest
rates are sensitive to many factors, including governmental monetary and tax
policies, domestic and international economic and political considerations and
other factors that are beyond the Company's control. A 100 basis point change in
interest rates on the Company's LIBOR based senior credit facility borrowings,
totaling $95 million at December 31, 2002, would affect interest expense by
approximately $1 million on an annual basis. However, the Company's cash
holdings bear interest at rates that generally fluctuate directly with LIBOR,
thereby mitigating the impact of interest rate changes on credit facility
borrowings.
52
ITEM 8 - FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The response to this item is submitted in Item 15 (a) of this Report.
ITEM 9 - CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
On April 8, 2002, Ernst & Young LLP was dismissed as the Company's
principal independent accountant and, effective April 11, 2002, KPMG LLP was
retained as its principal independent accountant. The reports of Ernst & Young
LLP on the Registrant's financial statements for the years ended December 31,
2001 and December 31, 2000 did not contain an adverse opinion or a disclaimer of
opinion, and were not qualified or modified as to uncertainty, audit scope or
accounting principles. The decision to change accountants was recommended by the
Company's Audit Committee and approved by the Company's Board of Directors.
During the years ended December 31, 2001 and December 31, 2000 and through
April 8, 2002, there were no disagreements with Ernst & Young LLP on any matter
of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure, or
auditing scope or procedure, which disagreements, if not resolved to the
satisfaction of Ernst & Young LLP, would have caused it to make reference
thereto in its reports on the financial statements for such periods.
53
PART III
ITEM 10 - DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
The information required in this item will be included in an amendment to
this Form 10-K to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on or
before April 30, 2003.
ITEM 11 - EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required in this item will be included in an amendment to
this Form 10-K to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on or
before April 30, 2003.
ITEM 12 - SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
The information required in this item will be included in an amendment to
this Form 10-K to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on or
before April 30, 2003.
ITEM 13 - CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS
The information required in this item will be included in an amendment to
this Form 10-K to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on or
before April 30, 2003.
54
PART IV
ITEM 14 - CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Within the 90 days prior to the date of this report, the Company carried
out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the
Company's management, including the Company's Chief Executive Officer ("CEO")
and Chief Financial Officer ("CFO"), of the effectiveness of the design and
operation of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to
Exchange Act Rule 13a-14. A newly formed Disclosure Committee consisting of
senior management of all major operations assisted the CEO and CFO. Based upon
that evaluation, the CEO and CFO concluded that the Company's disclosure
controls and procedures are effective. There were no significant changes in the
Company's internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect
these controls subsequent to the date of their evaluation.
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
(a) (1) and (2): The response to this portion of Item 15 is submitted
as a separate section of this Report. See Page F-2.
(3) Exhibits:
2.1 Amended and Restated Agreement and Plan of Merger,
dated as of May 26, 1998, by and among Apartment
Investment and Management Company, AIMCO Properties,
L.P., the Company's former parent and Insignia
Financial Group, Inc. (incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Registration
Statement on Form S-4 (the "Form S-4") filed by
Apartment Investment and Management Company on August
4, 1998)
2.2 Form of Agreement and Plan of Distribution, dated as
of September 16, 1998, by and between the Company's
former parent and Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to
Report on Form 10-K of Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
filed on March 29, 2000)
3.1(a) Certificate of Incorporation of Insignia Financial
Group, Inc. (incorporated herein by referenced to
Exhibit 3.1 of the Form 10)
3.1(b) Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of
Incorporation of Insignia Financial Group, Inc.,
dated October 16, 1998, changing the name of the
corporation from Insignia/ESG Holdings, Inc. to
Insignia Financial Group, Inc. (incorporated herein
by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Report on Form
10-Q of Insignia Financial Group, Inc. filed on
November 16, 1998)
3.1(c) Certificate of Designation of Insignia Financial
Group, Inc. classifying 250,000 of the authorized
shares of Preferred Stock of the Company as
"Convertible Preferred Stock" (incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 3.1(c) to Report on Form 10-K of
Insignia Financial Group, Inc. filed on March 29,
2000)
3.1(d) Certificate of Designation of Insignia Financial
Group, Inc. designating the rights and preferences of
the Series A Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per
share (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit
3.1 to the Report on Form 8-K of Insignia Financial
Group, Inc. filed on June 27, 2002)
55
3.1(e) Certificate of Designation of Insignia Financial
Group, Inc. designating the rights and preferences of
the Series B Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per
share (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit
3.2 to the Report on Form 8-K of Insignia Financial
Group, Inc. filed on June 27, 2002)
3.2 By-laws of Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of
the Form 10)
4.1 Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of June 18,
2002, by and between Madeleine LLC and Insignia
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to
the Report on Form 8-K of Insignia Financial Group,
Inc. filed on June 27, 2002)
4.2 Exchange Agreement, dated as of June 18, 2002, by and
between Madeleine LLC and Insignia Financial Group,
Inc. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.3
to the Report on Form 8-K of Insignia Financial
Group, Inc. filed on June 27, 2002)
10.1(a) Asset and Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of June
17, 1996, among the Company's former parent, Insignia
Buyer Corporation, Edward S. Gordon Company
Incorporated, Edward S. Gordon Company of New Jersey,
Inc. and Edward S. Gordon (incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 10.15 of the Report on Form 10-K
of Former Parent filed on March 24, 1998)
10.1(b) Stock Purchase Agreement, dated March 19, 1997, by
and among Insignia Commercial Group, Inc., the
Company's former parent, Kirkland B. Armour, Scott J.
Brandwein, Harvey B. Camins, James L. Deiter, Lyan
Homewood Fender, Ronald T. Frain, Jay Hinshaw, Thomas
E. Moxley, Robert B. Rosen, James H. Swartchild, Jr.,
David Tropp, Gregg F. Witt, Frain, Camins &
Swartchild Incorporated, FC&S Management Company and
Construction Interiors, Incorporated (incorporated
herein by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to the Report on
Form 10-K of the Company's former parent filed on
March 24, 1998)
10.1(c) Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of September 18,
1997, by and among the Company's former parent,
Insignia RO, Inc., Joseph T. Aveni, Vincent T. Aveni,
James C. Miller, Richard A. Golbach, Joseph T. Aveni
as Trustee of the Joseph T. Aveni Declaration of
Trust dated April 25, 1988, as amended on August 10,
1995, Vincent T. Aveni as Trustee of the Vincent T.
Aveni Declaration of Trust dated February 11, 1988,
as restated on September 14, 1995, Joseph T. Aveni as
Trustee of the Vincent T. Aveni Declaration Trust,
dated July 13, 1994, and Vincent T. Aveni as Trustee
of the Joseph T. Aveni Declaration Trust, dated July
13, 1994 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit
10.27 to Report on Form 10-K of former parent filed
on March 24, 1998)
10.1(d) Deed of Warranty & Indemnity, dated February 25,
1998, by and among the Company's former parent and
each of the Shareholders of Richard Ellis Group
Limited (incorporated herein by referenced to Exhibit
10.4 of the Form 10)
10.1(e) Amended and Restated Indemnification Agreement, dated
as of May 26, 1998, by and between Apartment
Investment and Management Company and Insignia
Financial Group, Inc. (incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 2.2 to the Form S-4)
10.1(f) Deed of Assumption and Variation, dated September 30,
1998, by and among the Company's former parent,
Certain Covenantors and Insignia/ESG, Inc.
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1(f)
to Report on Form 10-K of Insignia Financial Group,
Inc. filed on March 31, 1999)
10.1(g) Deed of Variation, dated as of March 5, 1999, between
Insignia Financial Group, Inc. and Alan Charles
Froggatt, as agent and attorney for the Covenantors
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1(g)
to Report on Form 10-K of Insignia Financial Group,
Inc. filed on March 31, 1999)
56
10.1(h) Agreement for the Sale and Purchase of Shares in the
Capital of St. Quintin Holdings Limited, dated March
5, 1999, by and among the Vendors listed therein and
Insignia Financial Group, Inc. (incorporated herein
by reference to the Report on Form 8-K of Insignia
Financial Group, Inc. filed on March 18, 1998)
10.1(i) Purchase Agreement, dated May 27, 1999, among Douglas
Elliman, Douglas Elliman, Inc. and Douglas Elliman
Insurance Brokerage Corp. as seller and DE
Acquisition, LLC as buyer (incorporated herein by
reference to the Report on Form 8-K of Insignia
Financial Group, Inc. filed on July 8, 1999)
10.1(j) Share Purchase Agreement, dated as of December 16,
2001, between Jean Claude Bourdais and others listed
therein as sellers, Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
and Insignia France SARL as buyer (incorporated
herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Report on
Form 8-K of Insignia Financial Group, Inc. filed on
December 28, 2001)
10.1(k) Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of December 31,
2001, by and among Insignia, Insignia ESG, Inc.,
Insignia RO, Inc. (as seller) and Real Living, Inc.
(as buyer) (incorporated herein by reference to
Exhibit 10.1 of the Report on Form 8-K of Insignia
filed on February 20, 2002)
10.1(l) First Amendment to Stock Purchase Agreement, made and
entered into as of January 31, 2002, by and among
Insignia, Insignia ESG, Inc., Insignia RO, Inc. (as
seller) and Real Living, Inc. (as buyer)
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of
the Report on Form 8-K of Insignia filed on February
20, 2002)
10.1(m) Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated February 17,
2003, by and among Insignia Financial Group, Inc.,
CBRE Holding, Inc., CB Richard Ellis Services, Inc.
and Apple Acquisition Corp. (as buyer) (incorporated
herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Report on
Form 8-K of Insignia filed on February 20, 2003)
10.1(n) Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated as of March 14,
2003, by and among Insignia, Insignia/ESG, Inc.,
Insignia Residential Group, Inc., Insignia IP, Inc.
(as seller) and Montauk Battery Realty, LLC (as
buyer)
10.2(a) Employment Agreement, entered into on May 18, 2000,
effective as of January 1, 2000, by and between
Insignia and Andrew Lawrence Farkas, including, as
Exhibit A thereto, resolutions of the Compensation
Committee empowering Andrew L. Farkas, as Chief
Executive Officer of the Company, to direct and
participate in the grants of equity interests in
certain subsidiaries of the Company (incorporated
herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2(a) to the Report
on Form 8-K of Insignia filed on May 25, 2000)
10.2(b) Amendment to Employment Agreement, made as of
December 20, 2002, by and between Insignia and Andrew
Lawrence Farkas
10.2(c) Second Amended and Restated Employment Agreement,
dated as of July 31, 1998, by and between Insignia,
Insignia/ESG, Inc. and Stephen B. Siegel
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.6 of
the Form 10)
10.2(d) Amendment to Second Amended and Restated Employment
Agreement, effective as of June 21, 2001, by and
among Insignia and Stephen B. Siegel (incorporated
herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2(b) of the Report
on Form 10-Q of Insignia filed on August 14, 2001)
10.2(e) Second Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated
Employment Agreement, dated as of October 7, 2002, by
and among Insignia and Stephen B. Siegel
57
10.2(f) Employment Agreement, dated as of August 3, 1998, by
and between Insignia Financial Group, Inc. and Ronald
Uretta (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit
10.7 of the Form 10)
10.2(g) Amendment to Employment Agreement, effective as of
August 3, 2001, by and among Insignia and Ronald
Uretta (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit
10.2(a) of the Report on Form 10-Q of Insignia filed
on November 14, 2001)
10.2(h) Second Amendment to Employment Agreement, made as of
February 27, 2003, between Insignia and Ronald Uretta
10.2(i) Employment Agreement, dated as of August 3, 1998, by
and between Insignia Financial Group, Inc. and James
A. Aston (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit
10.13 of the Form 10)
10.2(j) Amendment to Employment Agreement, effective as of
August 3, 2001, by and among Insignia and James A.
Aston (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit
10.2(a) of the Report on Form 10-Q of Insignia filed
on August 14, 2001)
10.2(k) Second Amendment to Employment Agreement, made as of
February 27, 2003, between Insignia and James A.
Aston
10.2(l) Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as
of May 19, 2000, by and between Insignia and Adam B.
Gilbert (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit
10.2(b) to the Report on Form 8-K of Insignia
Financial Group, Inc. filed on May 25, 2000)
10.2(m) First Amendment to Amended and Restated Employment
Agreement, made as of November 15, 2002, between
Insignia and Adam B. Gilbert
10.2(n) Employment Agreement, dated as of August 1, 2000, by
and between Insignia and Frank M. Garrison
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of
the Report on Form 10-Q of Insignia filed on August
14, 2000)
10.2(o) Amendment to Employment Agreement, effective as of
March 14, 2002, by and between Insignia and Frank M.
Garrison (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit
10.2(c) of the Report on Form 10-Q of Insignia filed
on August 14, 2002)
10.2(p) Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, dated as
of May 12, 2000, by and between Insignia and Jeffrey
P. Cohen (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit
10.2(c) to the Report on Form 8-K of Insignia filed
on May 25, 2000)
10.2(q) First Amendment to Amended and Restated Employment
Agreement, made as of November 15, 2002, between
Insignia and Jeffrey P. Cohen
10.2(r) Employment Agreement, dated as of July 24, 2002, by
and between Insignia Douglas Elliman and Geoffrey P.
Wharton (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit
10.2(a) of the Report on Form 10-Q of Insignia filed
on November 13, 2002)
10.2(s) Stock Option Agreement, dated as of July 24, 2002, by
and between Insignia and Geoffrey P. Wharton
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2(b)
of the Report on Form 10-Q of Insignia filed on
November 13, 2002)
10.2(t) Executive Service Agreement, dated as of January 31,
2001, between Insignia Richard Ellis Limited and Alan
Charles Froggatt (incorporated herein by reference to
Exhibit 10.2(n) of the Report on Form 10-K of
Insignia Financial Group, Inc. filed on March 28,
2001)
58
10.2(u) Promissory Note, effective as of June 21, 2001, by
and among Insignia and Stephen B. Siegel
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2(c)
of the Report on Form 10-Q of Insignia filed on
August 14, 2001)
10.2(v) Promissory Note, dated as of March 2, 2002, between
Insignia and Andrew Lawrence Farkas (incorporated
herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2(b) of the Report
on Form 10-Q of Insignia filed on August 14, 2002)
10.2(w) Promissory Note, dated as of May 6, 2002, between
Insignia and Jeffrey P. Cohen (incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 10.2(a) of the Report on Form
10-Q of Insignia filed on August 14, 2002)
10.2(x) Form of Transferee Agreement, dated as of September
24, 1999, by and between Insignia Financial Services,
Inc., as a Member of Insignia Opportunity Directives,
LLC, and certain individuals (see attached schedule
thereto) (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit
10.2(n) to Report on Form 10-K of Insignia filed on
March 29, 2000)
10.2(y) Form of Transferee Agreement, dated as of March 4,
2002, by and between Insignia Financial Services,
Inc., as a member of Insignia Opportunity Directives
II, LLC, and certain individuals (see attached
schedule thereto) (incorporated herein by reference
to Exhibit 10.2(af) to Report on Form 10-K of
Insignia filed on March 21, 2002)
10.2(z) Form of Warrant Agreement, dated as of January 14,
2000, between Insignia Financial Group, Inc. and each
of the executive officers listed on the schedule
annexed thereto (incorporated herein by reference to
Exhibit 10.2(v) to Report on Form 10-K of Insignia
Financial Group, Inc. filed on March 29, 2000)
10.2(aa) Form of Warrant Agreement, dated as of January 14,
2000, between Insignia Financial Group, Inc. and each
of the non-employee directors listed on the schedule
annexed thereto (incorporated herein by reference to
Exhibit 10.2(w) to Report on Form 10-K of Insignia
Financial Group, Inc. filed on March 29, 2000)
10.2(ab) Form of Assignment of Limited Liability Company
Interest, dated as of January 12, 2000, by and
between ("Assignor") and certain individuals (see
attached exhibit thereto) (Assignees") (incorporated
herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2(x) to Report on
Form 10-K of Insignia Financial Group, Inc. filed on
March 29, 2000)
10.2(ac) Form of Assignment of Member or Limited Partner
Interests by and among Insignia Financial Group,
Inc., Insignia/ESG, Inc. ("Assignors") and certain
individuals (see attached schedule thereto)
(Assignees") (incorporated herein by reference to
Exhibit 10.2(y) to Report on Form 10-K of Insignia
Financial Group, Inc. filed on March 29, 2000)
10.2(ad) Form of Assignment of Member or Limited Partner
Interests by and among Insignia Financial Group,
Inc., Insignia/ESG, Inc. ("Assignors") and the
individual identified therein (Assignee")
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2(z)
to Report on Form 10-K of Insignia Financial Group,
Inc. filed on March 29, 2000)
10.2(ae) Form of Agreement for potential incentive
compensation in connection with development
activities, by and between Insignia/ESG, Inc.
("Assignor") and certain individuals (see attached
schedule thereto) (Assignees") (incorporated herein
by reference to Exhibit 10.2(aa) to the Report on
Form 10-K of Insignia filed on March 29, 2000)
10.2(af) Form of Transferee Agreement, dated as of December 3,
2001, by and between Insignia Capital Investments,
Inc., as a member of ICII-WV Holdings, LLC, and
certain individuals (incorporated herein by reference
to Exhibit 10.2(ag) to Report on Form 10-K of
Insignia filed on March 21, 2002)
59
10.3(a) Insignia Financial Group, Inc. 1998 Stock Incentive
Plan (incorporated herein by referenced to Exhibit
10.14 of the Form 10)
10.3(b) Insignia Financial Group, Inc. Amended and Restated
(as of April 8, 2002) 1998 Stock Incentive Plan
(incorporated herein by referenced to Exhibit 10.3 of
the Form 10-Q of Insignia filed on August 14, 2002)
10.3(c) Insignia Financial Group, Inc. 1998 Supplemental
Stock Purchase and Loan Program Under the Insignia
Financial Group, Inc. 1998 Stock Incentive Plan
(incorporated herein by referenced to Exhibit 10.15
of the Form 10)
10.3(d) Insignia Financial Group, Inc. Executive Performance
Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by referenced to
Exhibit 10.16 of the Form 10)
10.3(e) Insignia Financial Group, Inc. 1998 Employee Stock
Purchase Plan (incorporated herein by referenced to
Exhibit 10.17 of the Form 10)
10.3(f) Form of Indemnification Agreement to be entered into
separately by and between Insignia Financial Group,
Inc. and each of the directors and executive officers
listed on the schedule annexed thereto (incorporated
herein by referenced to Exhibit 10.18 of the Form 10)
10.3(g) Insignia Financial Group, Inc. 401(k) Retirement
Savings Plan (incorporated herein by reference to
Exhibit 4.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-8
filed by Insignia on September 2, 1998)
10.3(h) Amendment No. 1 to Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
401(k) Retirement Savings Plan, effective January 1,
2000 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit
10.3(g) to the Report on Form 10-K of Insignia filed
on March 21, 2002)
10.3(i) Amendment No. 2 to Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
401(k) Retirement Savings Plan, effective January 1,
2002 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit
10.3(h) to the Report on Form 10-K of Insignia filed
on March 21, 2002)
10.3(j) Richard Ellis Group Limited 1997 Unapproved Share
Option Scheme (incorporated herein by reference to
Exhibit 4.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-8
filed by Insignia on November 18, 1998)
10.3(k) Insignia Financial Group, Inc. 401(k) Restoration
Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit
10.3(h) to the Report on Form 10-K of Insignia filed
on March 31, 1999)
10.3(l) Amendment No. 1 to Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
401(k) Restoration Plan, effective June 1, 2000
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3(k)
to the Report on Form 10-K of Insignia filed on March
21, 2002)
10.3(m) Amendment No. 2 to Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
401(k) Restoration Plan, effective December 19, 2001
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3(1)
to Report on Form 10-K of Insignia filed on March 21,
2002)
10.3(n) St. Quintin Holdings Limited 1999 Unapproved Share
Option Scheme, as amended (incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registration
Statement on Form S-8 filed by Insignia on April 29,
1999)
10.3(o) Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement and form
of amendment thereto (incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 4 to the Registration Statement
on Form S-8 filed by Insignia on October 4, 1999)
60
10.3(p) Brooke International (China) Limited Share Option
Scheme (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit
4.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed
by Insignia on February 16, 2001)
10.4(a) Credit Agreement, dated as of May 4, 2001, by and
among Insignia Financial Group, Inc., as Borrower,
the Lenders referred to therein, First Union National
Bank, as Administrative Agent, and Lehman Commercial
Paper, Inc., as Syndication Agent and Bank of
America, N. A., as Documentation Agent (incorporated
herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Report on
Form 8-K of Insignia filed on May 29, 2001)
10.4(b) First Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of
November 26, 2001, by and among Insignia Financial
Group, Inc., as Borrower, the Lenders referred to
therein, First Union National Bank, as Administrative
Agent, Lehman Commercial Paper, Inc., as Syndication
Agent and Bank of America, N.A., as documentation
agent (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit
10.4(b) to the Report on Form 10-K of Insignia filed
on March 21, 2002)
10.4(c) Second Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of
June 7, 2002, by and among Insignia., as Borrower,
the Lenders referred to therein, Wachovia Bank,
National Association (f/k/a First Union National
Bank), as Administrative Agent, Lehman Commercial
Paper, Inc., as Syndication Agent and Bank of
America, N.A., as documentation agent (incorporated
herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Report on
Form 10-Q of Insignia filed on August 14, 2002)
10.4(d) Senior Subordinated Credit Agreement, dated as of
June 7, 2002, by and among Insignia Financial Group,
Inc., as Borrower, Madeleine LLC, as Administrative
Agent, and certain other financial institutions from
time to time party thereto (incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Report on Form 8-K of
Insignia filed on June 27, 2002)
10.5 Stock Subscription and Exchange Agreement, dated as
of June 7, 2002, by and between Madeleine LLC and
Insignia Financial Group, Inc. (incorporated herein
by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Report on Form
8-K of Insignia filed on June 27, 2002)
10.6 (a) Contribution Agreement, dated as of July 9, 2002
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.6(a)
to the Report on Form 10-Q of Insignia filed on
August 14, 2002)
10.6(b) Loan Agreement, dated as of July 10, 2002
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.6(b)
to the Report on Form 10-Q of Insignia filed on
August 14, 2002)
21.1 Subsidiaries of Insignia
23.1 Consent of KPMG LLP
23.2 Consent of Ernst & Young LLP
99.1 Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Subsections (a) and (b)
of Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United
States Code)
(b) Reports on Form 8-K filed in the fourth quarter
of 2002:
None.
61
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on
its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
INSIGNIA FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
By: /s/ Andrew L. Farkas
---------------------------------
Andrew L. Farkas
Chairman of the Board and
Chief Executive Officer
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this
Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the
Registrant and in the capacities indicated.
By: /s/ Andrew L. Farkas By: /s/ Robin L. Farkas
--------------------------------- ---------------------------------
Andrew L. Farkas Robin L. Farkas
Chairman of the Board and Director
Chief Executive Officer
By: /s/ Stephen B. Siegel By: /s/ Robert G. Koen
--------------------------------- ---------------------------------
Stephen B. Siegel Robert G. Koen
Director and President Director
By: /s/ James A. Aston By: /s/ H. Strauss Zelnick
--------------------------------- ---------------------------------
James A. Aston H. Strauss Zelnick
Chief Financial Officer Director
(Principal Accounting Officer)
By: /s/ Alan C. Froggatt By: /s/ Robert J. Denison
---------------------------------
Alan C. Froggatt Robert J. Denison
Director and Chief Executive Director
Officer of Insignia Richard Ellis
By: /s/ Stephen M. Ross
---------------------------------
Stephen M. Ross
Director
62
CERTIFICATION
PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
AND EXCHANGE ACT RULE 13a-14.
I, Andrew L. Farkas, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Insignia Financial
Group, Inc.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this annual report does not contain any untrue
statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary
to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which
such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period
covered by this annual report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial
information included in this annual report, fairly present in all
material respects the financial condition, results of operations and
cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in
this annual report;
4. The registrant's other certifying officers and I are responsible for
establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as
defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14) for the registrant and
we have:
a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure
that material information relating to the registrant,
including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us
by others within those entities, particularly during the
period in which this annual report is being prepared;
b) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure
controls and procedures as of a date within 90 days prior to
the filing date of this annual report (the "Evaluation
Date"); and
c) presented in this annual report our conclusions about the
effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based
on our evaluation as of the Evaluation Date;
5. The registrant's other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based
on our most recent evaluation, to the registrant's auditors and the
audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons
performing the equivalent function):
a) all significant deficiencies in the design or operation of
internal controls which could adversely affect the
registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report
financial data and have identified for the registrant's
auditors any material weaknesses in internal controls; and
b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management
or other employees who have a significant role in the
registrant's internal controls; and
6. The registrant's other certifying officers and I have indicated in this
annual report whether or not there were significant changes in internal
controls or in other factors that could significantly affect internal
controls subsequent to the date of our most recent evaluation,
including any corrective actions with regard to significant
deficiencies and material weaknesses.
Dated: March 19, 2003
/s/ Andrew L. Farkas
--------------------------------
Andrew L. Farkas
Chief Executive Officer
63
CERTIFICATION
PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
AND EXCHANGE ACT RULE 13a-14.
I, James A. Aston, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Insignia Financial
Group, Inc.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this annual report does not contain any untrue
statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary
to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which
such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period
covered by this annual report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial
information included in this annual report, fairly present in all
material respects the financial condition, results of operations and
cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in
this annual report;
4. The registrant's other certifying officers and I are responsible for
establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as
defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14) for the registrant and
we have:
a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure
that material information relating to the registrant,
including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us
by others within those entities, particularly during the
period in which this annual report is being prepared;
b) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure
controls and procedures as of a date within 90 days prior to
the filing date of this annual report (the "Evaluation
Date"); and
c) presented in this annual report our conclusions about the
effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based
on our evaluation as of the Evaluation Date;
5. The registrant's other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based
on our most recent evaluation, to the registrant's auditors and the
audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons
performing the equivalent function):
a) all significant deficiencies in the design or operation of
internal controls which could adversely affect the
registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report
financial data and have identified for the registrant's
auditors any material weaknesses in internal controls; and
b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management
or other employees who have a significant role in the
registrant's internal controls; and
6. The registrant's other certifying officers and I have indicated in this
annual report whether or not there were significant changes in internal
controls or in other factors that could significantly affect internal
controls subsequent to the date of our most recent evaluation,
including any corrective actions with regard to significant
deficiencies and material weaknesses.
Dated: March 19, 2003
/s/ James A. Aston
--------------------------------
James A. Aston
Chief Financial Officer
64
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
ITEMS 8, 15(a)(1) AND (2)
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2002
INSIGNIA FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
NEW YORK, NEW YORK
The following consolidated financial statements of Insignia Financial Group,
Inc. are included in Item 15:
INSIGNIA FINANCIAL GROUP, INC.
Independent Auditors' Reports
Consolidated balance sheets - December 31, 2002 and 2001
Consolidated statements of operations - Years ended December 31,
2002, 2001 and 2000
Consolidated statements of stockholders' equity - Years ended
December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000
Consolidated statements of cash flows - Years ended December 31,
2002, 2001 and 2000
Notes to consolidated financial statements
ALL OTHER FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SCHEDULES FOR WHICH PROVISION IS MADE IN THE
APPLICABLE ACCOUNTING REGULATIONS OF THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION ARE
NOT REQUIRED UNDER THE RELATED INSTRUCTIONS OR ARE INAPPLICABLE AND THEREFORE
HAVE BEEN OMITTED.
F-2
Independent Auditors' Report
Board of Directors
Insignia Financial Group:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Insignia
Financial Group, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2002, and the related
consolidated statements of operations, stockholders' equity, and cash flows for
the year then ended. These consolidated financial statements are the
responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an
opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted
in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and
perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial
statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a
test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial
statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and
significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall
financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a
reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present
fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Insignia Financial
Group, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2002, and the results of their
operations and their cash flows for the year then ended in conformity with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
As discussed in Notes 2 and 4 to the consolidated financial statements, the
Company adopted the fair value recognition provisions of Financial Accounting
Standards Board Statement No.123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation, and
the provisions of Statement No.141, Business Combinations, and Statement No.142,
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets effective January 1, 2002.
/S/ KPMG LLP
New York, New York
February 17, 2003, except for the last paragraph
of Note 22, which is as of March 14, 2003
F-3
Report of Independent Auditors
Board of Directors
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Insignia
Financial Group, Inc. as of December 31, 2001, and the related consolidated
statements of operations, stockholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the
two years in the period ended December 31, 2001. These financial statements are
the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express
an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted
in the United States. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit
to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free
of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence
supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit
also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates
made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement
presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our
opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in
all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Insignia Financial
Group, Inc. at December 31, 2001, and the consolidated results of its operations
and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31,
2001, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United
States.
As discussed in Note 4 to the financial statements, in 2000 the Company changed
its method of accounting for revenue recognition for leasing commissions.
/S/ ERNST & YOUNG LLP
New York, New York
February 8, 2002
F-4
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
DECEMBER 31
2002 2001
----------------------
(In thousands)
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents $ 111,513 $ 131,860
Receivables, net of allowance of $6,684 (2002) and $5,972 (2001) 155,321 176,120
Restricted cash 21,518 21,617
Property and equipment, net 55,614 62,198
Real estate investments, net 134,135 95,710
Goodwill, less accumulated amortization of $57,992 (2001) 289,561 288,353
Acquired intangible assets, less accumulated amortization of $65,276 (2002)
and $57,145 (2001) 17,611 21,462
Deferred taxes 47,609 43,171
Other assets, net 39,957 20,069
Assets of discontinued operation -- 57,822
----------------------
Total assets $ 872,839 $ 918,382
======================
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Liabilities:
Accounts payable $ 13,743 $ 12,876
Commissions payable 63,974 86,387
Accrued incentives 52,324 63,911
Accrued and sundry 117,990 100,863
Deferred taxes 15,795 12,675
Notes payable 126,889 169,972
Real estate mortgage notes 66,795 37,269
Liabilities of discontinued operation -- 34,572
----------------------
Total liabilities 457,510 518,525
Stockholders' Equity:
Preferred stock, par value $.01 per share - authorized 20,000,000 shares,
Series A, 250,000 (2002), Series B, 125,000 (2002) and 250,000 (2001)
issued and outstanding shares 4 3
Common Stock, par value $.01 per share - authorized 80,000,000 shares
23,248,242 (2002) and 22,852,034 (2001) issued and outstanding shares,
net of 1,502,600 (2002 and 2001) shares held in treasury 232 229
Additional paid-in capital 437,622 422,309
Notes receivable for common stock (1,193) (1,882)
Accumulated deficit (16,241) (11,912)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (5,095) (8,890)
----------------------
Total stockholders' equity 415,329 399,857
----------------------
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 872,839 $ 918,382
======================
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
F-5
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Operations
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31
2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------
(In thousands)
REVENUES
Real estate services $ 711,235 $ 732,485 $ 773,542
Property operations 9,195 3,969 5,212
Equity earnings in unconsolidated ventures 3,482 13,911 3,912
Other income, net 793 2,096 1,365
-----------------------------------
724,705 752,461 784,031
-----------------------------------
COSTS AND EXPENSES
Real estate services 647,459 668,079 681,867
Property operations 7,264 1,145 1,346
Internet-based businesses -- -- 17,168
Administrative 14,344 13,439 16,355
Depreciation 17,588 15,392 11,638
Property depreciation 1,920 990 1,623
Amortization of intangibles 5,153 24,408 23,825
-----------------------------------
693,728 723,453 753,822
-----------------------------------
Operating income 30,977 29,008 30,209
OTHER INCOME AND EXPENSES:
Interest income 3,951 4,869 7,236
Interest expense (8,870) (12,407) (11,745)
Property interest expense (2,122) (1,744) (2,868)
Losses from internet investments, net -- (10,263) (18,435)
Other expense -- (661) --
Life insurance proceeds, net -- -- 19,100
Minority interests -- -- 900
-----------------------------------
Income from continuing operations before income taxes 23,936 8,802 24,397
Income tax expense (10,719) (3,081) (3,168)
-----------------------------------
Income from continuing operations 13,217 5,721 21,229
Discontinued operations, net of applicable tax
(Loss) income from operations -- (1,600) 558
Income (loss) on disposal 4,918 (17,629) --
-----------------------------------
4,918 (19,229) 558
-----------------------------------
Income (loss) before cumulative effect of a change in accounting
principle 18,135 (13,508) 21,787
Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle, net of
applicable taxes (20,635) -- (30,420)
-----------------------------------
Net loss (2,500) (13,508) (8,633)
Preferred stock dividends (2,173) (1,000) (890)
-----------------------------------
Net loss available to common shareholders $ (4,673) $ (14,508) $ (9,523)
===================================
F-6
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Operations (continued)
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31
2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------
(In thousands, except per share data)
PER SHARE AMOUNTS:
Earnings per common share - basic
Income from continuing operations $0.48 $0.21 $0.96
Income (loss) from discontinued operations 0.21 (0.87) 0.03
-----------------------------------------------
Income (loss) before cumulative effect of a change in
Accounting principle 0.69 (0.66) 0.99
Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle (0.89) - (1.44)
-----------------------------------------------
Net loss $(0.20) $(0.66) $(0.45)
===============================================
Earnings per common share - assuming dilution:
Income from continuing operations $0.47 $0.20 $0.87
Income (loss) from discontinued operations 0.21 (0.82) 0.02
-----------------------------------------------
Income (loss) before cumulative effect of a change in
accounting principle 0.67 (0.62) 0.89
Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle (0.87) - (1.24)
-----------------------------------------------
Net loss $(0.20) $(0.62) (0.35)
===============================================
Weighted average common shares and assumed conversions:
- Basic 23,122 22,056 21,200
===============================================
- Assuming dilution 23,691 23,398 24,428
===============================================
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
F-7
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity
NOTES ACCUMULATED
ADDITIONAL RECEIVABLE OTHER
COMMON PREFERRED PAID-IN FOR COMMON ACCUMULATED COMPREHENSIVE COMPREHENSIVE
(In thousands, except share data) STOCK STOCK CAPITAL STOCK DEFICIT LOSS LOSS TOTAL
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balances at December 31, 1999 $ 207 $ - $ 382,784 $ (1,758) $ 11,954 $ (118) $ 393,069
Net loss - - - - (8,633) -- $ (8,633) (8,633)
Other comprehensive loss:
Foreign currency
translation, net of tax
benefit of $4,518 - - - - -- (4,674) (4,674) (4,674)
Unrealized loss on
securities, net of tax
benefit of $456 - - - - -- (685) (685) (685)
Reclassification adjustment
for realized gains, net
of tax of $324 - - - - -- (487) (487) (487)
---------
Total comprehensive loss $ (14,479)
=========
Exercise of stock options
and warrants - 446,541 shares
of Common Stock issued 5 - 3,779 - -- -- 3,784
Issuance of 307,413 shares of
Common Stock under Employee
Stock Purchase Program 3 - 2,380 - -- -- 2,383
Issuance of 250,000 shares
of Preferred Stock - 3 24,946 - -- -- 24,949
Restricted stock awards -
62,135 shares of Common
Stock issued 1 - 708 - -- -- 709
Assumption of options pursuant
to Brooke acquisition - - 479 - -- -- 479
Preferred stock dividend - - 475 - (475) -- --
Notes receivable from employees
for shares of Common Stock - - 405 (405) -- -- --
Payments on notes receivable
for shares of Common Stock - - - 112 -- -- 112
Adjustment for certain amounts
estimated at Spin-Off - - (2,125) - -- -- (2,125)
----------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------
Balances at December 31, 2000 216 3 413,831 (2,051) 2,846 (5,964) 408,881
Net loss - - - - (13,508) -- $ (13,508) (13,508)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation,
net of tax benefit of $1,769 - - - - -- (2,033) (2,033) (2,033)
Unrealized gain on securities,
net of tax of $7 - - - - -- 7 7 7
Minimum pension liability,
net of tax benefit of $696 - - - - -- (900) (900) (900)
---------
Total comprehensive loss - - - - -- -- $ (16,434) --
=========
Exercise of stock options
and warrants-381,241 shares
of Common Stock issued 4 - 2,139 - -- -- 2,143
Issuance of 159,520 shares of
Common Stock under Employee
Stock Purchase Program 2 - 1,470 - -- -- 1,472
Issuance of 402,645 shares of
Common Stock in connection with
Insignia Bourdais acquisition 4 - 3,995 - -- -- 3,999
Restricted stock awards-30,330
shares of Common Stock issued - - 627 - -- -- 627
Restricted stock-279,370
shares issued 3 - (3) - -- -- --
Preferred stock dividend-
25,000 shares of Common
Stock issued - - 250 - (1,250) -- (1,000)
Payments on notes receivable
for shares of Common Stock - - - 169 -- -- 169
----------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------
Balances at December 31, 2001 $ 229 $ 3 $ 422,309 $ (1,882) $ (11,912) $ (8,890) $ 399,857
----------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------
F-8
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (continued)
NOTES ACCUMULATED
ADDITIONAL RECEIVABLE OTHER
COMMON PREFERRED PAID-IN FOR COMMON ACCUMULATED COMPREHENSIVE COMPREHENSIVE
(In thousands, except share data) STOCK STOCK CAPITAL STOCK DEFICIT LOSS (LOSS) INCOME TOTAL
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balance at December 31, 2001
(from previous page) $ 229 $ 3 $ 422,309 $ (1,882) $ (11,912) $ (8,890) $399,857
Net loss - - - - (2,500) - $ (2,500) (2,500)
Other comprehensive income (loss): - - - - - - - -
Foreign currency
translation, net of tax
of $6,215 - - - - - 12,383 12,383 12,383
Reclassification adjustment for
realized gain, net of tax
of $39 - - - - - (50) (50) (50)
Unrealized gain on securities,
net of tax of $752 - - - - - 1,128 1,128 1,128
Minimum pension liability,
net of tax benefit of $3,832 - - - - - (9,666) (9,666) (9,666)
--------
Total comprehensive income $ 1,295
========
Exercise of stock options and
warrants - 113,519 shares
of Common Stock issued 1 - 673 - - - 674
Issuance of 111,840 shares
of Common Stock under Employee
Stock Purchase Program 1 - 902 - - - 903
Issuance of 131,480 shares
of Common Stock in
connection with Insignia
Bourdais acquisition 1 - 1,305 - - - 1,306
Restricted stock awards -
87,155 shares of Common
Stock issued 1 - 706 - - - 707
Preferred stock issuance -
125,000 shares - 1 12,269 - - - 12,270
Preferred stock dividend - - (1,829) - (1,829)
Cancellation of notes receivable
for 47,786 shares of Common Stock (1) - (542) 543 - - -
Payments on notes receivable
for shares of Common Stock - - - 146 - - 146
--------------------------------------------------------------------- --------
Balance at December 31, 2002 $ 232 $ 4 $ 437,622 $ (1,193) $ (16,241) $ (5,095) $415,329
===================================================================== ========
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-9
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31
2002 2001 2000
--------------------------------
(In thousands)
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Income from continuing operations $ 13,217 $ 5,721 $ 21,229
Adjustments to reconcile income from continuing operations to net cash
provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization 24,661 40,790 37,086
Other expenses -- 661 --
Equity earnings in real estate ventures (3,482) (10,381) (1,455)
Gain on sale of consolidated real estate property (1,306) -- --
Minority interests -- -- (900)
Foreign currency transaction gains -- (331) (1,365)
Losses from internet investments -- 10,263 18,435
Deferred income taxes 976 (5,493) (3,465)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of
acquired businesses:
Receivables 24,728 22,500 (79,781)
Other assets (10,762) 1,218 (3,262)
Accrued incentives (13,619) (22,194) 46,307
Accounts payable and accrued expenses 982 (34,834) 16,953
Commissions payable (22,560) 18,785 30,588
--------------------------------
Cash provided by operating activities 12,835 26,705 80,370
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Additions to property and equipment (10,403) (15,604) (25,807)
Investment in internet-based businesses -- (4,010) (22,502)
Distribution proceeds from real estate investments 44,648 63,787 18,215
Proceeds from sale of discontinued operations 23,250 -- --
Payments made for acquisition of businesses, net of
acquired cash (10,918) (21,198) (13,981)
Investments in real estate (46,684) (33,905) (37,099)
Decrease (increase) in restricted cash 3,964 (14,879) 7,130
--------------------------------
Cash provided by (used in) investing activities $ 3,857 $(25,809) $(74,044)
F-10
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (continued)
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31
2002 2001 2000
----------------------------------------------------
(In thousands)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from issuance of common stock $ 903 $ 1,472 $ 2,383
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock 12,270 - 24,949
Proceeds from exercise of stock options 674 2,143 3,782
Preferred stock dividends (1,829) (1,000) -
Payments on notes payable (59,785) (138,400) (7,659)
Proceeds from notes payable 15,000 158,999 15,652
Payments on real estate mortgage notes (28,361) (33,086) -
Proceeds from real estate mortgage notes 20,000 21,987 19,914
Debt issuance costs (1,415) (2,130) -
----------------------------------------------------
Cash (used in) provided by financing activities (42,543) 9,985 59,021
Net cash provided by (used in) discontinued operation 1,715 3,846 (1,751)
Effect of exchange rate changes in cash 3,789 (1,217) (669)
----------------------------------------------------
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents (20,347) 13,510 62,927
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 131,860 124,527 61,600
----------------------------------------------------
111,513 138,037 124,527
Less: Cash of discontinued operation - (6,177) (2,331)
----------------------------------------------------
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $ 111,513 $ 131,860 $ 122,196
====================================================
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest $ 8,956 $ 11,036 $ 9,342
Cash paid for income taxes 9,527 7,714 11,779
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
F-11
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
December 31, 2002
1. BUSINESS
Insignia Financial Group, Inc. ("Insignia" or the "Company"), a Delaware
corporation headquartered in New York, New York, is a leading provider of
international real estate and real estate financial services, with operations in
the United States, the United Kingdom, France, continental Europe, Asia and
Latin America. Insignia's principal executive offices are located at 200 Park
Avenue in New York.
Insignia's real estate service businesses specialize in commercial leasing,
sales brokerage, corporate real estate consulting, property management, property
development and re-development, apartment brokerage and leasing, condominium and
cooperative apartment management, real estate-oriented financial services,
equity co-investment and other services. In 2002, Insignia's primary real estate
service businesses include the following: Insignia/ESG (U.S. commercial real
estate services), Insignia Richard Ellis (U.K. commercial real estate services),
Insignia Bourdais (French commercial real estate services; acquired in December
2001), Insignia Douglas Elliman (New York apartment brokerage and leasing) and
Insignia Residential Group (New York condominium, cooperative and rental
apartment management). Insignia's commercial real estate service operations in
continental Europe, Asia and Latin America include the following locations:
Madrid and Barcelona, Spain; Frankfurt, Germany; Milan and Bologna, Italy;
Brussels, Belgium; Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Tokyo, Japan; Hong Kong; Beijing
and Shanghai, China; Bangkok, Thailand; Mumbai, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Chennai
and Delhi, India; Manila, Philippines; and Mexico City, Mexico. The Company also
owns 10% of an Irish commercial services company with offices in Dublin, the
Republic of Ireland and Belfast, Northern Ireland.
In addition to traditional real estate services, Insignia has historically
deployed its own capital, together with the capital of third party investors, in
principal real estate investments, including co-investment in existing property
assets, real estate development and managed private investment funds.
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
BASIS OF PRESENTATION
These consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP").
PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION
Insignia's consolidated financial statements include the accounts of all
majority-owned subsidiaries and all entities over which the Company exercises
voting control. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been
eliminated. Entities in which the Company owns less than a majority interest and
has substantial influence are recorded on the equity method of accounting (net
of payments to certain employees in respect of equity grants or rights to
proceeds).
F-12
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION (CONTINUED)
In one instance, a minority-owned partnership (with additional promotional
interests in profits depending on performance) is consolidated by virtue of
general partner control. Since the cumulative losses of the partnership have
exceeded the limited partners' original investment, the partnership is
consolidated into Insignia's financial statements and no minority interest is
reflected, even though Insignia holds a minority economic interest.
USE OF ESTIMATES
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires that
management make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in
the financial statements and accompanying notes. Estimates and assumptions are
used in the evaluation and financial reporting for, among other things, bad
debts, self-insurance liabilities, intangibles and investment valuations,
deferred taxes and pension costs. Actual results could differ from those
estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
RECLASSIFICATIONS
Certain amounts for 2001 and 2000 have been reclassified to conform to the 2002
presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the net losses or total
stockholders' equity previously reported.
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
The amount of cash on deposit in federally insured institutions generally
exceeds the limit on insured deposits. The Company considers all highly liquid
investments with original maturities of three months or less at date of purchase
to be cash equivalents.
RESTRICTED CASH
At December 31, 2002 restricted cash consisted of approximately $17.3 million in
cash pledged to secure the bond guarantee of notes issued in connection with the
Richard Ellis Group Limited ("REGL") and St. Quintin Holdings Limited ("St.
Quintin") acquisitions and approximately $4.2 million related to accounts of the
consolidated real estate entities. At December 31, 2001, restricted cash
consisted of approximately $21.2 million in cash pledged to secure the bond
guarantee of notes issued in connection with the REGL and St. Quintin
acquisitions, and approximately $400,000 restricted for contingent payments
related to other business acquisitions.
F-13
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
REAL ESTATE INVESTMENTS
Insignia has invested in real estate assets and real estate related debt
securities. Generally, the Company's investment strategy involves identifying
investment opportunities and investing as a minority owner in entities formed to
acquire such assets. The Company's minority-owned investments are generally
accounted for under the equity method of accounting due to the Company's
influence over the operational decisions made with respect to the real estate
entities. The Company's portion of earnings in these real estate entities is
reported in equity earnings in unconsolidated ventures in its consolidated
statements of operations, including gains on sales of property and net of
impairments. The Company's share of unrealized gains on marketable equity and
debt securities available for sale is reported as a component of other
comprehensive income (loss), net of tax. Income from dispositions of
minority-owned development assets is reported in real estate services revenues
in the Company's consolidated statements of operations. The Company's policy
with respect to the timing of recognition of promoted profit participation
interests in its real estate investments is to record such amounts upon
collection.
Each entity in which the Company holds a real estate investment is a special
purpose entity, the assets of which are subject to the obligations only of that
entity. Each entity's debt, except for limited and specific guarantees and other
commitments aggregating $14.0 million, is either (i) non-recourse except to the
real estate assets of the subject entity (subject to limited exceptions standard
in such non-recourse financing, including the misapplication of rents or
environmental liabilities), or (ii) an obligation solely of such limited
liability entity and thus having no recourse to other assets of the Company.
The Company provides real estate services to and receives real estate service
fees from the entities comprising its principal investment activities. Such fees
are generally derived from the following services: (i) property management, (ii)
asset management, (iii) development management, (iv) investment management, (v)
leasing, (vi) acquisition, (vii) sales and (viii) financings. With respect to
fees that are currently recorded as expense by the entities, the Company
includes the fees in current income, while its share as owner of such fee is
reflected in the income or loss from the investment entity. If the fee is
capitalized by the investment entity, the Company records as income only the
portion of the fee attributable to third party ownership and defers the portion
attributable to its ownership.
F-14
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
REAL ESTATE INVESTMENTS (CONTINUED)
The Company evaluates all real estate investments on a quarterly basis for
evidence of impairment. Impairment losses are recognized whenever events or
changes in circumstances indicate declines in value of such investments below
carrying value and the related undiscounted cash flows are not sufficient to
recover the asset's carrying amount. Generally, Insignia relies upon the
expertise of its own property professionals to assess real estate values;
however, in certain circumstances where Insignia considers its expertise limited
with respect to a particular investment, third party valuations may also be
obtained. Property valuations and estimates of related future cash flows are by
nature subjective and will vary from actual results.
In October 2001, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 144, Accounting for the
Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, which provides accounting guidance
for financial accounting and reporting for the impairment or disposal of
long-lived assets. Insignia early adopted SFAS No. 144 as of January 1, 2001.
SFAS No. 144 requires, in most cases, that gains/losses from dispositions of
investment properties and all earnings from such properties be reported as
"discontinued operations." SFAS No. 144 is silent with respect to treatment of
gains or losses from sales of investment property held in a joint venture. The
Company has concluded that, as a matter of policy, all gains and losses realized
from sales of minority owned property in its real estate co-investment program
constitute earnings from a continuing line of business. Therefore, operating
activity related to that investment program will continue to be included in
income (loss) from continuing operations. However, SFAS No. 144 requires that
gains or losses from sales of consolidated properties, if material, be reported
as discontinued operations. As a result, the Company's earnings from
dispositions of consolidated properties would be excluded from reported income
from continuing operations and included in discontinued operations, if material.
CONSOLIDATED REAL ESTATE
At December 31, 2002, the Company consolidated three investment entities owning
real estate property. These consolidated properties include a wholly owned
retail property; a wholly owned marine development property and a minority owned
residential property consolidated due to general partner control. Rental revenue
attributable to the Company's consolidated property operations are recognized
when earned. Real estate is stated at depreciated cost. The cost of buildings
and improvements include the purchase price of property, legal fees and
acquisitions costs. Costs directly related to the development property are
capitalized. Capitalized development costs include interest, property taxes,
insurance, and other direct project costs incurred during the period of
development.
The Company periodically reviews its properties to determine if its carrying
amounts will be recovered from future operating cash flows. The evaluation of
anticipated cash flows is highly subjective and is based in part on assumptions
regarding future occupancy, rental rates and capital requirements, which could
differ materially from actual results in future periods.
F-15
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES
At December 31, 2002, the Company held minority investments in four office
properties whose development the Company has directed. A variety of costs have
been incurred in the development and leasing of these properties. Capitalized
development costs include interest, internal wages, property taxes, insurance,
and other project costs incurred during the period of development.
After determination is made to capitalize a cost, it is allocated to the
specific component of a project that is benefited. Determination of when a
development project is substantially complete and capitalization must cease
involves a degree of judgment. The Company's capitalization policy on its
development properties is guided by SFAS No. 34, Capitalization of Interest
Costs, and SFAS No. 67, Accounting for Costs and the Initial Rental Operations
of Real Estate Properties. The Company ceases capitalization when a property is
held available for occupancy upon substantial completion of tenant improvements.
REVENUE RECOGNITION
The Company's real estate services revenues are generally recorded when the
related services are performed or at closing in the case of real estate sales.
Leasing commissions that are payable upon tenant occupancy, payment of rent or
other events beyond the Company's control are recognized upon the occurrence of
such events. As certain conditions to revenue recognition for leasing
commissions are outside of the Company's control and are not clearly defined,
judgment must be exercised in determining when such events have occurred.
Revenues from tenant representation, agency leasing, investment sales and
residential brokerage, which collectively comprise a substantial portion of
Insignia's service revenues, are transactional in nature and therefore subject
to seasonality and changes in business and capital market conditions. As a
consequence, the timing of transactions and resulting revenue recognition is
difficult to predict.
Prior to 2000, leasing commission revenue was recorded when the related service
was performed (generally at lease signing), unless significant contingencies
existed. Effective January 1, 2000, the Company changed its method of accounting
to comply with the Securities and Exchange Commission's Staff Accounting
Bulletin 101 ("SAB 101"), Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements. As a
result, leasing commissions that are payable upon tenant occupancy, payment of
rent or other specified events are now recognized upon the occurrence of such
events (see Note 4).
Insignia's revenue from property management services is generally based upon
percentages of the revenue generated by the properties that it manages. In
conjunction with the provision of management services, the Company customarily
employs personnel (either directly or on behalf of the property owner) to
provide services solely to the properties managed. In most instances, Insignia
is reimbursed by the owners of managed properties for direct payroll related
costs incurred in the employment of property personnel. The aggregate amount of
such payroll cost reimbursements has ranged from $50.0 million to $75.0 million
annually. Such payroll reimbursements are generally characterized in the
Company's consolidated statements of operations as a reduction of actual
expenses incurred. This characterization is based on the following factors: (i)
the property owner generally has authority over hiring practices and the
approval of payroll prior to payment by the Company; (ii) Insignia is the
primary obligor with respect
F-16
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
REVENUE RECOGNITION (CONTINUED)
to the property personnel, but bears little or no credit risk under the terms of
the management contract; (iii) reimbursement to the Company is generally
completed simultaneously with payment of payroll or soon thereafter; and (iv)
the Company generally earns no margin in the arrangement, obtaining
reimbursement only for actual cost incurred.
ADVERTISING EXPENSE
The cost of advertising is expensed as incurred. The Company incurred
approximately $14,263,000, $17,511,000 and $18,931,000 in advertising costs
during 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively.
ACQUIRED INTANGIBLE ASSETS
The Company's acquired intangible assets consist of property management
contracts, favorable leases, non-competitive agreements, trademarks and
franchises. Acquired intangible assets are stated at cost, less accumulated
amortization. These assets are amortized using the straight-line method over 3
to 20 years, and are reviewed when indicators of impairment exist. Intangible
assets are reviewed for impairment when indicators of impairment exist.
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property and equipment is stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation.
Depreciation is computed principally by the straight-line method over the
estimated useful lives of the assets, typically ranging from 3 to 10 years.
FOREIGN CURRENCY
The financial statements of the Company's foreign subsidiaries are measured
using the local currency as the functional currency. The British pound and euro
represent the only foreign currencies of material operations, which collectively
generate approximately 25% of the Company's annual revenues. All currencies
other than the British pound, euro and dollar have comprised less than 1% of
annual revenues. Revenues and expenses of all foreign subsidiaries have been
translated into U.S. dollars at the average exchange rates prevailing during the
periods. Assets and liabilities have been translated at the rates of exchange at
the balance sheet date. Translation gains and losses are deferred as a separate
component of stockholders' equity in accumulated other comprehensive income
(loss), unless there is a sale or complete liquidation of the underlying foreign
investment. Gains and losses from foreign currency transactions, such as those
resulting from the settlement of foreign receivables or payables, are included
in the consolidated statements of operations in determining net income. For the
twelve months ended December 31, 2002, the Company's European operations have
been translated into U.S. dollars at average exchange rates of $1.51 to the
pound and $0.95 to the euro. For the twelve months of 2001, European operations
were translated to U.S. dollars at average exchange rates of $1.44 and $0.90 to
the pound and euro, respectively.
F-17
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
FOREIGN CURRENCY (CONTINUED)
For the twelve months of 2000, European operations were translated to U.S.
dollars at average exchange rates of $1.51 and $0.92 to the pound and euro,
respectively. The assets and liabilities of the Company's European operations
have been translated at exchange rates of $1.60 to the pound and $1.05 to the
euro at December 31, 2002 and were translated at exchange rates of $1.45 to the
pound and $0.89 to the euro at December 31, 2001.
ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
Other comprehensive income (loss) consists of unrealized gains (losses) on
marketable equity securities, foreign currency translation and minimum pension
liability adjustments. At December 31, 2002, accumulated other comprehensive
losses totaled $5.1 million (net of applicable taxes), comprised of unrealized
gains on marketable securities of $1.1 million and foreign currency translation
gains of $4.4 million and a minimum pension liability of $10.6 million. At
December 31, 2001, accumulated other comprehensive losses totaled $8.9 million
(net of applicable taxes), comprised of foreign currency translation losses of
$8.0 million, a minimum pension liability of $900,000 and unrealized gains on
marketable securities of $50,000.
MINORITY INTEREST
In 2000, minority interest consisted of minority equity in EdificeRex.com, Inc.
("EdificeRex"), the Company's internally developed internet-based business that
launched in February 2000. During the first half of 2000, Insignia consolidated
EdificeRex and recorded net operating losses of approximately $9.3 million, or
$3.2 million in excess of the Company's investment. EdificeRex was
de-consolidated in the third quarter of 2000, due to a restructuring that
reduced the Company's voting interest to approximately 47%. The $3.2 million
excess loss was carried as a deferred credit on the Company's balance sheet
until EdificeRex disposed of all of its operating divisions and liquidated
during the fourth quarter of 2001. At liquidation, the Company recognized the
deferred credit of $3.2 million in earnings, which is included in losses from
internet investments.
INCOME TAXES
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recorded to reflect the future
tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement
carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective income
tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carry forwards. Valuation allowances
are provided against deferred tax assets that are unlikely to be realized.
Federal income taxes are not provided on the unremitted earnings of foreign
subsidiaries because it has been the practice of the Company to reinvest those
earnings in the businesses outside the United States.
F-18
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
IMPAIRMENT
In October 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 144, Accounting for the Impairment or
Disposal of Long-Lived Assets. SFAS No. 144 provides guidance for accounting and
financial reporting for the impairment or disposal of long-lived assets. While
SFAS No. 144 supersedes SFAS No. 121, Accounting for the Impairment of
Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to be Disposed Of, it retains the
fundamental provisions of that Statement. It also supersedes the accounting and
reporting of APB Opinion No. 30, Reporting the Results of Operations - Reporting
the Effects of Disposal of a Segment of a Business, and Extraordinary, Unusual
and Infrequently Occurring Events and Transactions related to the disposal of a
segment of a business. However, it retains the requirement in Opinion 30 to
report separately discontinued operations and extends that reporting to a
component of an entity either disposed of or classified as held for sale. SFAS
No. 144 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2001.
Insignia early adopted SFAS No. 144 as of January 1, 2001.
Impairment losses are recognized for long-lived assets held and used when
indicators of impairment are present and the undiscounted cash flows are not
sufficient to recover the assets' carrying amount. Impairment losses are
measured for assets held for sale by comparing the fair value of assets (less
costs to dispose) to their respective carrying amounts.
GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Goodwill represents the excess of costs over fair value of assets of businesses
acquired. As described in Note 4, the Company adopted the provisions of SFAS No.
142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, as of January 1, 2002. Goodwill and
intangible assets acquired in a purchase business combination and determined to
have an indefinite useful life are not amortized, but instead tested for
impairment at least annually in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 142.
Prior to the adoption of SFAS No. 142, goodwill was amortized on a straight-line
basis over the expected periods to be benefited, generally 5 to 25 years, and
evaluated for potential impairment by determining whether the underlying
undiscounted cash flows of the acquired business were sufficient to recover the
carrying value of the asset.
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
At December 31, 2002, the Company had four stock-based employee compensation
plans that are described more fully in Note 14. Prior to 2002, the Company
accounted for those plans under the recognition and measurement provisions of
APB Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees and related
interpretations. Effective January 1, 2002 the Company adopted the fair value
recognition provisions of SFAS 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation,
prospectively to all employee awards granted, modified or settled after January
1, 2002. Awards under the Company's plans vest over five years. The cost related
to stock-based employee compensation included in the determination of net income
for 2002 is less than that which would have been recognized if the fair value
based method had been applied to all awards since the original effective date of
SFAS 123. The following table illustrates the pro forma effect on net income and
earnings per share if the fair value based method had been applied to all
outstanding awards in each period.
F-19
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION (CONTINUED)
The Company's pro forma information follows:
2002 2001 2000
------------------------------------------
(in thousands, except per share data)
PRO FORMA:
Income from continuing operations $ 10,736 $ 3,383 $ 16,040
Net loss (4,981) (15,846) (13,822)
PER SHARE AMOUNTS:
Pro forma earnings per share - basic
Income from continuing operations $ 0.37 $ 0.15 $ 0.76
Net loss (0.31) (0.72) (0.65)
Pro forma earnings per share - assuming dilution
Income from continuing operations 0.36 0.14 0.66
Net loss (0.30) (0.68) (0.57)
The pro forma information has been determined as if the Company had accounted
for its employee stock options, warrants and unvested restricted stock awards
granted under the fair value method with fair values estimated at the date of
grant using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following
weighted-average assumptions:
2002 2001 2000
------------------------------------------
Risk-free interest rate 2.5% 3.7% 5.1%
Dividend yield N/A N/A N/A
Volatility factors of the expected market price 0.45 0.49 0.52
Weighted-average expected life of the options 3.9 4.3 4.3
The Black-Scholes option valuation model was developed for use in estimating the
fair value of transferable options and warrants with no vesting restrictions.
This method requires the input of subjective assumptions including the expected
stock price volatility and weighted average expected life of the options. The
Company's employee stock options have characteristics significantly different
from those of transferable options and changes in the subjective input
assumptions can materially affect the value estimate. The Black-Scholes model is
not the only reliable measure that could be used to determine the fair value of
employee stock options. The Company believes that any and all valuations of
employee stock options will necessarily be estimates.
F-20
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES
The Company's future results could be adversely affected by a number of factors,
including (i) a general economic downturn in the Company's principal markets,
most notably New York, London and Paris; (ii) unfavorable foreign currency
fluctuations; (iii) changes in interest rates; and (iv) fluctuations in rental
rates and real estate values.
EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic earnings per share is calculated using income available to common
shareholders divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding
during the year. Diluted earnings per share is similar to basic earnings per
share except that the weighted average number of common shares outstanding is
increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been
outstanding if the potentially dilutive securities, such as preferred stock,
options and warrants, had been issued or exercised.
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In January 2003, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB") issued
Interpretation No. 46, Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, an
interpretation of ARB No. 51. This Interpretation addresses the consolidation by
business enterprises of variable interest entities as defined in the
Interpretation. The Interpretation applies immediately to variable interests in
variable interest entities created after January 31, 2003, and to variable
interests in variable interest entities obtained after January 31, 2003. The
Interpretation requires certain disclosures in financial statements issued after
January 31, 2003 if it is reasonably possible that the Company will consolidate
or disclose information about variable interest entities when the Interpretation
becomes effective. A public enterprise with a variable interest in a variable
interest entity created before February 1, 2003, shall apply this guidance
(other than the required disclosures prior to the effective date) to that entity
as of the beginning of the first interim or annual reporting period beginning
after June 15, 2003. The application of this Interpretation is not expected to
have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
In November 2002, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 45, Guarantor's Accounting
and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of
Indebtedness to Others, an interpretation of FASB Statements No. 5, 57 and 107
and a rescission of FASB Interpretation No. 34. This Interpretation elaborates
on the disclosures to be made by a guarantor in its interim and annual financial
statements about its obligations under guarantees issued. The Interpretation
also clarifies that a guarantor is required to recognize, at inception of a
guarantee, a liability for the fair value of the obligation undertaken. The
initial recognition and measurement provisions of the Interpretation are
applicable to guarantees issued or modified after December 31, 2002 and are not
expected to have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial
statements.
F-21
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS (CONTINUED)
In June 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 146, Accounting for Costs Associated with
Exit or Disposal Activities. SFAS No. 146 provides guidance for accounting and
financial reporting for costs associated with exit or disposal activities and
supersedes Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) Issue No. 94-3, Liability
Recognition for Certain Employee Termination Benefits and Other Costs to Exit an
Activity. SFAS No. 146 requires the recognition of a liability for costs
associated with an exit or disposal activity when the liability is incurred and
establishes fair value as the initial measurement of a liability. Under EITF
Issue No. 94-3, a liability for an exit cost is recognized at the date of a
commitment to an exit plan. SFAS No. 146 is effective for exit or disposal
activities initiated after December 31, 2002.
3. DISCONTINUED OPERATION
In December 2001, Insignia entered into a contract to sell its Realty One
single-family home brokerage business and affiliated companies to Real Living,
Inc., effective as of December 31, 2001. Real Living, Inc. is a privately held
company formed by HER Realtors of Columbus, Ohio and Huff Realty of Cincinnati,
Ohio. The sale closed on January 31, 2002. Proceeds from the sale potentially
total $33.0 million, including approximately $29.0 million in cash received at
closing (before extinguishment of $5.5 million of Realty One debt) and
additional receipts aggregating as much as $4.0 million. The additional receipts
include the following: (i) a $1.0 million reimbursement, collected in February
2002, for Realty One operating losses in January 2002; (ii) a potential earn-out
of as much as $2 million receivable through 2003 (depending on the performance
of the Realty One business); and (iii) a $1 million operating lease receivable
over four years for the use of proprietary software developed by Insignia for an
internet-based residential brokerage model. The $2.0 million earnout is
receivable in increments of $1.0 million each for the 2002 and 2003 fiscal
years. Based on preliminary financial information for the 2002 year, the first
$1.0 million earnout is expected to be achieved in full and should be received
by the Company on or about April 30, 2003, as required by the terms of the sale.
Remaining amounts due to Insignia under the terms of the sale totaling $2.7
million were included in other assets in the Company's consolidated balance
sheet at December 31, 2002. Insignia discontinued Realty One's operations for
financial reporting purposes and recognized a loss in connection with the sale
of Realty One of $17.6 million (net of applicable tax benefit of $4.0 million)
for the year ended December 31, 2001. During the twelve months ended December
31, 2002, the Company reported net income of $4.9 million from discontinued
operations, including $265,000 (net of tax), in post-closing adjustments in the
first quarter and $4.7 million in the third quarter from the reduction of a
valuation allowance on the tax benefit on the capital portion of the loss on
sale. This capital loss was fully reserved in 2001 because of uncertainty of its
deductibility due to loss disallowance rules in the Treasury Regulations and
insufficient income of the appropriate character. In the third quarter of 2002,
it was determined that the loss would be fully deductible for tax purposes,
resulting in the realization of a tax benefit for financial reporting purposes.
F-22
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
3. DISCONTINUED OPERATION (CONTINUED)
The results of operations of Realty One are reported separately as discontinued
operations for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000. Assets and
liabilities of Realty One have been classified separately in the Company's
consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2001. The following table summarizes
financial information of Realty One for all periods presented:
DECEMBER 31
2001
--------------------
(In thousands)
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents $ 6,177
Receivables 3,655
Mortgage loans held for sale 20,555
Property and equipment 9,852
Costs in excess of net assets acquired 15,711
Other assets 1,872
--------------------
57,822
--------------------
LIABILITIES
Accounts payable 1,043
Accrued incentives 3,937
Accrued and sundry liabilities 1,499
Mortgage warehouse line of credit 20,554
Notes payable 7,539
--------------------
34,572
--------------------
NET ASSETS OF DISCONTINUED OPERATION $ 23,250
====================
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31
2002 2001 2000
------------------------------------------------------
(In thousands)
Revenues $ - $ 102,811 $ 99,152
======================================================
(Loss) income from operations before taxes - (2,282) 1,117
======================================================
(Loss) income from operations, net of tax benefit of
$682 (2001) and $559 (2000) - (1,600) 558
Income (loss) on disposal, net of applicable tax benefits of
$2,844 (2002), and $4,000 (2001) 4,918 (17,629) -
------------------------------------------------------
Net income (loss) $ 4,918 $ (19,229) $ 558
======================================================
F-23
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
4. CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
In September 2002, the Company adopted the fair value expense recognition
provisions of SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation, in
accounting for employee stock options. The accounting change results in the
expensing of the estimated fair value of employee stock options granted by the
Company, applied on a prospective basis for all stock options granted on or
after January 1, 2002. The Company previously followed Accounting Principles
Board ("APB") Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees. Under
APB Opinion No. 25, no compensation expense is recognized when the exercise
price of an employee stock option equals or exceeds the market price at
issuance.
The Company issued 290,000 employee options during 2002. The fair value of these
options has been estimated as of the date of grant using the Black-Scholes
option pricing model with the following assumptions: (i) estimated stock price
volatility of 40%; (ii) risk free interest rate of 2.5%; (iii) weighted average
option life of 3.9 years; and (iv) a forfeiture rate of 3%. Under these
assumptions, the aggregate value of the options totaled approximately $842,000,
which is amortizable to expense over the vesting periods of six years. For 2002,
stock compensation expense recognized totaled approximately $154,000.
The ultimate impact of the accounting change on the Company's future earnings
will depend on the number of options issued in the future, as to which the
Company has no specific plan, and the estimated value of each option. Insignia
does not expense the value of outstanding options issued before January 1, 2002.
GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
In June 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141, Business Combinations, and No. 142,
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets. SFAS 141 replaced APB 16 and requires the
use of the purchase method for all business combinations initiated after June
30, 2001. It also provides guidance on purchase accounting related to the
recognition of intangible assets. Under SFAS 142, goodwill and other intangible
assets deemed to have indefinite lives are no longer amortized but are subject
to impairment tests on an annual basis, at a minimum, or whenever events or
circumstances occur indicating goodwill or indefinite-lived intangibles might be
impaired. Other acquired intangible assets with finite lives continue to be
amortized over their estimated useful lives. The Company adopted SFAS No. 141
for all business combinations completed after June 30, 2001 and fully
implemented SFAS No. 141 and SFAS No. 142 effective January 1, 2002. The Company
identified its reporting units and determined the carrying value of each
reporting unit by assigning assets and liabilities, including the existing
goodwill and intangible assets, to those units as of January 1, 2002 for
purposes of performing a required transitional goodwill impairment assessment
within six months of adoption.
In early 2002, the Company performed internal analyses on its reporting units
based on estimated industry multiples and the carrying values of tangible and
intangible assets which demonstrated that the value of the Company's U.S.
commercial operation significantly exceeded its carrying value and that goodwill
of the Asian operation was fully impaired.
F-24
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
4. CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES (CONTINUED)
GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS (CONTINUED)
These analyses also indicated potential impairment in the Company's European
operations and Insignia Douglas Elliman. The Company engaged Standard & Poor's
to value the European and Insignia Douglas Elliman operations and those
appraisals indicated no impairment in the Company's European operations and
partial impairment in Insignia Douglas Elliman.
As a result of this evaluation, Insignia measured impairment for Insignia
Douglas Elliman and the Asian business of an aggregate $30.0 million, before
applicable taxes. The Company recorded a $20.6 million (net of tax benefit of
$9.4 million) transitional goodwill impairment charge in earnings as the
cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle, effective January 1,
2002.
The Company concluded its annual impairment test as of December 31, 2002, and
that test did not demonstrate further goodwill impairment. The estimation of
business values for measuring goodwill impairment is highly subjective and
selections of different projected income levels and valuation multiples within
observed ranges can yield different results.
Amortization of goodwill totaled approximately $17.4 million and $14.7 million,
for 2001 and 2000 respectively. Elimination of this amortization would have
improved income by approximately $11.7 million and $9.9 million (net of
applicable taxes), respectively, for 2001 and 2000. The following table provides
pro forma information to reflect the effect of adoption of SFAS No. 142 on
earnings for the periods indicated.
2002 2001 2000
---------------------------------------------------
(In thousands)
Reported income from continuing operations $ 13,217 $ 5,721 $ 21,229
Less: Preferred stock dividend (2,173) (1,000) (890)
---------------------------------------------------
Income from continuing operations available to common shareholders 11,044 4,721 20,339
Add: Goodwill amortization, net of tax benefit of
$5,646 (2002) and $4,803 (2001) - 11,729 9,937
---------------------------------------------------
Adjusted income from continuing operations available to common
shareholders $ 11,044 $ 16,450 $ 30,276
===================================================
Earnings per common share - basic:
Reported income from continuing operations $ 0.48 $ 0.21 $ 0.96
Add: Goodwill amortization, net of tax benefit of
$0.26 (2002) and $0.23 (2001) - 0.53 0.47
---------------------------------------------------
Adjusted income from continuing operations $ 0.48 $ 0.74 $ 1.43
===================================================
Earnings per common share - assuming dilution:
Reported income from continuing operations $ 0.47 $ 0.20 $ 0.87
Add: Goodwill amortization, net of tax benefit of
$0.24 (2002) and $0.20 (2001) - 0.50 0.41
---------------------------------------------------
Adjusted income from continuing operations $ 0.47 $ 0.70 $ 1.28
===================================================
F-25
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
4. CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES (CONTINUED)
GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS (CONTINUED)
Additional contingent purchase price of acquired businesses totaling $17.9
million was recorded as additional goodwill during 2002. Such additional
purchase price included: (i) Insignia Bourdais earnout of $10.3 million (paid by
issuance of 131,480 shares of Insignia common stock, a cash payment of $4.7
million and $4.3 million accrued at December 31, 2002); (ii) a $4.0 million
earnout with respect to the prior Boston acquisition by Insignia/ESG; (iii) a
$2.0 million earnout related to Insignia Douglas Elliman; and (iv) $1.6 million
of payments related other acquisitions. The table below reconciles the change in
the carrying amount of goodwill, by operating segment, for the period from
December 31, 2001 to December 31, 2002.
COMMERCIAL RESIDENTIAL TOTAL
---------------------------------------------------------------
(In thousands)
BALANCE AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2001 $ 228,967 $ 59,386 $ 288,353
Effect of adoption of SFAS 142 (3,201) (26,822) (30,023)
---------------------------------------------------------------
Balance as of January 1, 2002 225,766 32,564 258,330
Additional purchase consideration 15,922 2,000 17,922
Other reclassifications (143) - (143)
Goodwill related to partial sale
of business unit - (447) (447)
Foreign currency translation 13,899 - 13,899
---------------------------------------------------------------
BALANCE AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2002 $ 255,444 $ 34,117 $ 289,561
===============================================================
F-26
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
4. CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES (CONTINUED)
GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS (CONTINUED)
The following tables present certain information on the Company's acquired
intangible assets as of December 31, 2002 and December 31, 2001, respectively.
WEIGHTED
AVERAGE GROSS
AMORTIZATION CARRYING ACCUMULATED
ACQUIRED INTANGIBLE ASSETS PERIOD AMOUNT AMORTIZATION NET BALANCE
-------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
(In thousands)
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2002
Property management contracts 7 years $ 72,883 $ 60,081 $ 12,802
Favorable premises leases 8 years 4,831 1,667 3,164
Other 3 years 5,173 3,528 1,645
---------------------------------------------------------
Total $ 82,887 $ 65,276 $ 17,611
=========================================================
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2001
Property management contracts 7 years $ 70,926 $ 54,049 $ 16,877
Favorable premises leases 8 years 4,453 1,099 3,354
Other 3 years 3,228 1,997 1,231
---------------------------------------------------------
Total $ 78,607 $ 57,145 $ 21,462
=========================================================
All intangible assets are being amortized over their estimated useful lives with
no residual value. Intangibles included in "Other" consist of customer backlog,
non-compete agreements, franchise agreements and trade names. The aggregate
reported acquired intangible amortization expense for 2002, 2001 and 2000
totaled approximately $5.2 million, $7.0 million and $9.1 million, respectively.
Amortization of favorable premises leases, totaling approximately $568,000,
$411,000 and $440,000 for 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively, is included in
rental expense (included in real estate services expenses) in the Company's
consolidated statements of operations.
The estimated acquired intangible assets amortization expense, including amounts
reflected in rental expense, for the subsequent five fiscal years through
December 31, 2007 approximates $2.4 million, $1.9 million, $1.3 million, $1.3
million and $1.1 million, respectively.
REVENUE RECOGNITION
At December 31, 2000, the Company changed its method of accounting for revenue
recognition for leasing commissions in compliance with Staff Accounting Bulletin
101 ("SAB 101"), Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements, effective as of
January 1, 2000. Prior to the accounting change, the Company generally
recognized leasing commissions upon execution of the underlying lease, unless
significant contingencies existed. Under the new accounting method, adopted
retroactive to January 1, 2000, the Company's leasing commissions that are
payable upon certain events such as tenant occupancy or payment of rent are
recognized upon the occurrence of such events.
F-27
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
4. CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES (CONTINUED)
REVENUE RECOGNITION (CONTINUED)
Operating results for the 2002, 2001 and 2000 years are presented in compliance
with the requirements of this accounting change. The cumulative effect of the
accounting change on prior years resulted in a reduction to income of $30.4
million (net of applicable taxes of $23.3 million), which is included in net
earnings for the year ended December 31, 2000. The Company recognized revenue of
$1.2 million, $18.8 million and $80.4 million during 2002, 2001 and 2000,
respectively, that was included in the cumulative effect adjustment at January
1, 2000. While this accounting change affects the timing of recognition of
leasing revenues (and corresponding commission expense), it does not impact the
Company's cash flow from operations.
5. EARNINGS PER SHARE
The following table sets forth the computation of the numerator and denominator
used for the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the periods
indicated.
2002 2001 2000
----------------------------------------------------
(In thousands)
NUMERATOR:
Numerator for basic earnings per share - income available to common
stockholders (before discontinued operations and cumulative effect) $ 11,044 $ 4,721 $ 20,339
Effect of dilutive securities:
Preferred stock dividends - - 890
---------------- ----------------- ---------------
Numerator for diluted earnings per share - income available to common
stockholders after assumed conversions (before
discontinued operations and cumulative effect) $ 11,044 $ 4,721 $ 21,229
================ ================= ===============
DENOMINATOR:
Denominator for basic earnings per share - weighted
average common shares 23,122 22,056 21,200
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options, warrants and unvested restricted stock 569 1,342 1,442
Convertible preferred stock - - 1,786
---------------- ----------------- ---------------
Denominator for diluted earnings per share - weighted
average common shares and assumed conversions 23,691 23,398 24,428
================ ================= ===============
The potential dilutive shares from the conversion of preferred stock is not
assumed for the year ended December 31, 2002 or 2001, because the inclusion of
such shares would be antidilutive.
F-28
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
6. ACQUISITIONS
The Company's significant acquisitions during the last three years are discussed
below. All acquisitions were accounted for as purchases and the results of
operations have been included in Insignia's statement of operations from the
respective date of acquisition. Contingent purchase consideration is generally
accounted for as additional costs in excess of net assets of acquired businesses
when incurred.
GROUPE BOURDAIS
In late December 2001, Insignia completed the acquisition of Groupe Bourdais,
one of France's premier commercial real estate services companies. Groupe
Bourdais now operates under the Insignia Bourdais name. The Insignia Bourdais
purchase price consists of total potential consideration of approximately $50.2
million. Amounts paid and or accrued in cash or stock (534,125 common shares) at
December 31, 2002 total approximately $31.7 million. Additional consideration up
to approximately $18.5 million may be paid over the two years ending December
31, 2004, depending on the performance of the Insignia Bourdais operation. The
acquisition consisted substantially of specifically identified intangible assets
and goodwill. Identified intangible assets, included customer backlog, property
management contracts, a non-compete agreement, franchise agreements, trademarks
and a favorable premises lease. The results of Insignia Bourdais have been
included in the Company's financial statements since January 1, 2002.
BAKER COMMERCIAL
In October 2001, Insignia acquired Baker Commercial Real Estate ("Baker"), a
leading provider of commercial real estate services in the greater Dallas area.
Baker provides tenant representation, land and investment property sales, and
strategic real estate planning. The Baker acquisition augments Insignia's
existing regional tenant representation and investment sales capabilities in the
greater Dallas area. The base purchase price was approximately $2.2 million and
was paid in cash. Additional purchase consideration of up to $1.0 million
payable over 2003 and 2004 is contingent on the future performance of the Dallas
operations.
BROOKE INTERNATIONAL
In December 2000, Insignia acquired Brooke International ("Brooke"), a
commercial real estate service company based in Hong Kong with additional
offices in China and Thailand. The base purchase price was approximately $1.6
million, comprised of approximately (i) $1.1 million paid in cash and (ii)
$500,000 in reserved Common Stock and an assumed option plan enabling certain
Brooke employees to purchase 110,000 shares of the Company's Common Stock.
Options to purchase 40,000 shares of the Company's Common Stock at $11.81 had
been granted under this plan and remain outstanding at December 31, 2002.
BDR
In March 2000, the Company entered into a definitive agreement to acquire BDR, a
Dutch real estate services company headquartered in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
The base purchase price was approximately $2.4 million, all of which was paid in
cash upon final closing in June 2000.
F-29
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
6. ACQUISITIONS (CONTINUED)
BDR provides a variety of commercial real estate services with a specialization
in international advisory assignments and other corporate services. Additional
purchase consideration of approximately $2.5 million, payable over three years,
is contingent on the future performance of this business.
OTHER INFORMATION (UNAUDITED)
Pro forma unaudited results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2001
and 2000, assuming consummation of the Bourdais acquisition at January 1, 2001
and 2000 is as follows:
2001 2000
-------------------------------------------
(In thousands, except per share data)
Revenues $ 780,635 $ 827,020
Income from continuing operations 8,176 26,698
Net loss (11,053) (3,164)
Pro forma per share amounts:
Net loss - basic (0.50) (0.15)
Net loss - assuming dilution (0.47) (0.13)
These pro forma results do not purport to represent the operations of the
Company nor are they necessarily indicative of the results that actually would
have been realized by the Company if the purchase of these businesses had
occurred at the beginning of the periods specified. Except for the Bourdais
acquisition, the financial operations of the acquired businesses were not
significant to those of the Company. The base purchase consideration for the
Bourdais and Baker (2001) and BDR and Brooke (2000) acquisitions and other
individually insignificant acquisitions (2001 and 2000) is summarized as
follows:
2001 2000
-----------------------------------
(In thousands)
Common stock $ 4,000 $ 479
Accrued and sundry liabilities 10,990 2,398
Cash paid at the closing dates 20,508 3,458
-----------------------------------
$ 35,498 $ 6,335
===================================
The base purchase consideration was allocated as follows:
2001 2000
----------------------------------
(In thousands)
Cash acquired $ 8,856 $ -
Receivables 5,469 1,600
Property and equipment 415 152
Property management contracts 1,008 -
Non-compete agreements 153 -
Goodwill 14,540 4,070
Other assets 5,057 513
----------------------------------
$ 35,498 $ 6,335
==================================
F-30
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
7. RECEIVABLES
Receivables consist of the following:
DECEMBER 31
2002 2001
------------------------------------
(In thousands)
Commissions and accounts receivable, net of allowance $ 140,589 $ 161,041
Notes receivable:
Broker signing bonuses and advances 7,111 5,319
Brokerage and other employees 3,483 6,037
Executive officers, with interest at the Company's cost
of debt capital (approximately 5.25% (2002) and 4.5% (2001)) 3,269 1,500
Reimbursement due from Chairman (collected on
February 28, 2003) 691 -
Other 178 2,223
------------------------------------
14,732 15,079
------------------------------------
$ 155,321 $ 176,120
====================================
Accounts receivable consists primarily of property management fees and cost
reimbursements. Commissions receivable consists primarily of brokerage and
leasing commissions from users of the Company's real estate services. The
Company's receivables are not collateralized; however, credit losses have been
insignificant. The Company's bad debt expense totaled approximately $5.0
million, $1.9 million and $4.1 million in 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively.
Long-term commissions receivable totaling $8.4 million and $8.1 million at
December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively, have been discounted to their present
value based on an estimated discount rates of 5.25% (2002) and 7% (2001). Broker
signing bonuses and advances are generally forgiven over the terms of
employment, subject to potential repayment based on certain specific conditions.
Principal collections on brokerage, employee and executive notes receivable and
scheduled forgiveness of Broker signing bonuses and advances are as follows:
AMOUNT
--------------------
(In thousands)
2003 $ 6,369
2004 2,865
2005 3,860
2006 1,205
2007 433
---------------------
$ 14,732
=====================
F-31
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
8. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT
Property and equipment consists of the following:
DECEMBER 31
2002 2001
------------------------------------
(In thousands)
Data processing equipment $ 32,010 $ 29,231
Computer software 34,291 26,870
Furniture and fixtures 17,466 15,351
Leasehold improvements 19,805 17,957
Other equipment 7,436 8,086
------------------------------------
111,008 97,495
Less: Accumulated depreciation (55,394) (35,297)
------------------------------------
$ 55,614 $ 62,198
====================================
The useful life of each property and equipment category is listed below: Data
processing equipment, 3 years; Computer software, 2-10 years; Furniture and
fixtures, 7-10 years; Leasehold improvements, generally 5-10 years; Other
equipment, 3-7 years.
9. REAL ESTATE INVESTMENTS
The Company has engaged in real estate investment generally through: (i)
investment in operating properties through co-investments with various clients
or, in limited instances, by itself; (ii) investment in and development of
commercial real estate on its own behalf and through co-investments; and (iii)
minority ownership in and management of private investment funds, whose
investments primarily consist of securitized real estate debt. The Company is
currently not engaged in new investments although, is continuing its investment
in existing real estate entities as needed or required by current business
plans.
At December 31, 2002 and 2001, the Company's real estate investments totaled
$134.1 million and $95.7 million, consisting of the following:
2002 2001
---------------------
(In thousands)
Minority interests in operating properties $ 21,109 $ 29,282
---------------------
Consolidated properties 85,205 41,788
Minority owned development properties 10,014 10,761
Land held for future development 1,726 2,308
Minority interests in real estate debt investment funds 16,081 11,571
---------------------
TOTAL REAL ESTATE INVESTMENTS $134,135 $ 95,710
=====================
F-32
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
9. REAL ESTATE INVESTMENTS (CONTINUED)
The real estate carrying amounts of the three consolidated properties at
December 31, 2002 were financed by real estate mortgage notes encumbering the
assets totaling $66.8 million. At December 31, 2002, Insignia had equity
investments of approximately $21.7 million in these consolidated properties and
has no further obligations to the subsidiaries or their creditors.
Insignia maintains an incentive compensation program pursuant to which certain
employees, including executive officers, participate in the profits generated by
its real estate investments, through grants of either equity interests (at the
time investments are made) or contractual right to participate in proceeds from
successful investments. Such grants generally consist of an aggregate of 50% to
63.5% of the cash proceeds paid to Insignia after Insignia has recovered its
full investment plus a 10% per annum return thereon. In addition, upon
disposition, the Company generally makes discretionary incentive payments of 5%
to 10% to certain employees who directly contributed to the success of an
investment. With respect to the private investment funds, employees are
collectively entitled to share 55% to 60% of proceeds received by Insignia in
respect of its promoted profits participation in those funds. Employees share
only in promoted profits and are not entitled to any portion of earnings on the
Company's actual investment. Gains on sales of real estate and equity earnings
for 2002, 2001 and 2000 are recorded net of employee entitlements and
discretionary incentives of approximately $8.1 million, $10.8 million and $7.9
million, respectively. The Company's principal investment programs are more
fully described below.
PROPERTY INVESTMENT
The Company maintains minority investments in operating real estate assets
including office, retail, industrial, apartment and hotel properties. As of
December 31, 2002, Insignia held equity investments totaling $21.1 million in 30
minority owned property assets. These properties consist of approximately 6.0
million square feet of commercial property and 1,967 multi-family apartment
units and hotel rooms. The Company's minority ownership interests in
co-investment property range from 1% to 33%. Gains realized from sales of real
estate by minority owned ventures totaled $4.2 million in 2002, $11.0 million in
2001 and $3.9 million in 2000. Such amounts are included in the caption "equity
earnings in unconsolidated ventures" in the Company's consolidated statements of
operations.
Insignia also consolidates two operating properties, a wholly-owned retail
property located in Norman, Oklahoma and a New York City apartment complex owned
by a limited partnership in which the Company owns a 1% controlling general
partner interest. These properties contain approximately 155,000 square feet of
commercial space and 420 multi-family apartment units. With respect to the New
York City apartment complex, in addition to its 1% interest, Insignia is
entitled to approximately $1.3 million of the first $7.3 million distributed and
approximately 45% of all additional distributions. In July 2002, Insignia
invested approximately $1.3 million in the limited partnership as a new limited
partner pursuant to a $1.5 million equity financing and the purchase of an
existing partners interest. The remaining equity financing was invested in June
2002 by existing limited partners. Certain executives and other employees of
Insignia have the right to acquire from the Company, at its cost, approximately
50% of the $1.3 million limited partner investment made in July 2002. Such
executives and employees have no other incentive grants or participation rights
with respect to this investment.
F-33
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
9. REAL ESTATE INVESTMENTS (CONTINUED)
Although Insignia's economic interest in the New York City apartment complex at
its initial investment was nominal (until the limited partners received a return
of all invested capital), the Company commenced consolidating this property in
its financial statements as of January 1, 2002 because (i) the partnership
agreement for the property-owning partnership grants the general partner
complete authority over the management and affairs of the partnership, including
any sale or refinancing of its sole asset without limited partner approval, and
(ii) accounting principle's generally accepted in the United States require
consolidation on the basis of voting control (regardless of the level of equity
ownership).
At December 31, 2002, the carrying amounts of these two consolidated properties
totaled $46.4 million, and non-recourse real estate mortgage debt totaled $46.8
million. In September 2002, a consolidated retail property was sold for a $1.3
million net gain. The gain is included under the caption "other income, net" in
the Company's consolidated statements of operations.
DEVELOPMENT
The Company's development program includes minority-owned office developments
and a wholly-owned marina based development located in the U.S. Virgin Islands.
In July 2002, a subsidiary of the Company acquired three contiguous parcels of
property and related leasehold rights in St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, which
comprise 32.3 acres of property, including 18 submerged acres with full water
rights. The initial purchase price was approximately $35.0 million, paid with
$18.5 million in cash and $20.0 million borrowed by the subsidiary under a
non-recourse $40.0 million mortgage loan facility. The property is currently
undergoing predevelopment activities together with operating activities of an
existing marina. The property and its debt are consolidated in the Company's
consolidated financial statements. Insignia's equity investment in the property
totaled $19.3 million at December 31, 2002.
Insignia also has minority ownership in four office projects whose development
is directed by the Company and owns a parcel of land in Denver, located adjacent
to one of the office developments, that is held for future development.
Development activities on all four office buildings have been completed other
than tenant improvements associated with additional leasing. Insignia's
ownership in the four office developments ranges from 25% to 33% and all have
commenced operations.
The Company's only financial obligations with respect to the office
developments, beyond its investment, are partial construction financing
guarantees, backed by letters of credit, totaling $8.9 million. The Company's
investment in the office development assets and land parcel totaled $11.7
million at December 31, 2002. The Company has not initiated any new office
developments since September 2000 and does not currently intend to further
expand this development program.
Interest capitalized in connection with development properties totaled
approximately $1,673,000, $500,000, and $1,225,000 for 2002, 2001, and 2000,
respectively.
F-34
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
9. REAL ESTATE INVESTMENTS (CONTINUED)
PRIVATE INVESTMENT FUNDS
Insignia Opportunity Trust ("IOT") is an Insignia-sponsored private real estate
investment fund formed in late 1999. IOT, through its subsidiary operating
partnership, Insignia Opportunity Partners ("IOP"), invests primarily in secured
real estate debt instruments and, to a lesser extent, in other real estate debt
and equity instruments, with a focus on below investment grade commercial
mortgage-backed securities. IOT completed its deployment of committed capital
(totaling $71.0 million) in 2002, of which $10.0 million was invested by
Insignia and the remainder by third-party investors. Insignia has an aggregate
ownership interest of approximately 13% in IOT and IOP and also has a 10%
non-subordinated promoted interest in IOP.
In September 2001, Insignia closed the capital-raising phase for a second real
estate investment fund, Insignia Opportunity Partners II ("IOP II"), with $48.5
million of equity capital commitments from Insignia and third-party investors.
IOP II invests primarily in secured real estate debt instruments, similar to the
investment initiatives of IOT. IOP II had called $28.2 million of its total
capital commitments at December 31, 2002. Insignia holds a 10% ownership in IOP
II and serves as its day-to-day advisor.
Insignia realized total earnings from both funds of approximately $4.0 million
(2002), $2.6 million (2001) and $911,000 (2000). Such earnings are included in
equity earnings in unconsolidated ventures.
At December 31, 2002, Insignia held investments totaling $16.1 million in IOT,
IOP and IOP II and had commitments to invest an additional $2.1 million in IOP
II. The following table summarizes financial information of IOT and IOP II as of
December 31, 2002 and 2001:
2002 2001
------------------------------------
(In thousands)
Total assets $ 150,139 $ 125,221
Total liabilities 36,358 30,416
Total revenues 25,992 15,828
F-35
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
9. REAL ESTATE INVESTMENTS (CONTINUED)
Apart from its real estate investments, Insignia had obligations totaling $14.0
million to all real estate entities at December 31, 2002, consisting of the
following:
AMOUNT
-----------------
(In thousands)
Letters of credit partially backing construction loans $ 8,900
Other partial guarantees of property debt 2,825
Future capital contributions for capital improvements 150
Future capital contributions for asset purchases 2,105
-----------------
TOTAL OBLIGATIONS $ 13,980
=================
Outstanding letters of credit generally have one-year terms to maturity and bear
standard renewal provisions. Other letters of credit and guarantees of property
debt do no bear formal maturity dates and remain outstanding until certain
conditions (such as final sale of property and funding of capital commitments)
have been satisfied. The future capital contributions represent contractual
equity commitments for specified activities of the respective real estate
entities. Insignia, as a matter of policy, would consider advancing funds to
real estate entities beyond its legal obligation as a new capital contribution
subject to normal investment returns.
Summarized financial information of unconsolidated real estate entities is as
follows:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31
2002 2001 2000
-------------------------------------------------------
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS INFORMATION (In thousands)
----------------------------------------------
Revenues $ 197,255 $ 222,502 $ 166,101
Total operating expenses (190,543) (208,556) (176,252)
-------------------------------------------------------
Income (loss) before gains on sales of properties 6,712 13,946 (10,151)
Gains on sales of properties 41,252 107,025 24,939
-------------------------------------------------------
Net income $ 47,964 $ 120,971 $ 14,788
=======================================================
Company's share of net income:
Included in equity earnings in unconsolidated
ventures $ 3,482 $ 13,911 $ 3,912
=======================================================
Equity earnings in unconsolidated ventures included pre-tax gains on
dispositions of minority-owned investments totaling $4.2 million, $11.0 million
and $3.9 million in 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively.
F-36
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
9. REAL ESTATE INVESTMENTS (CONTINUED)
DECEMBER 31
2002 2001
--------------------------------------
CONDENSED BALANCE SHEET INFORMATION (In thousands)
-----------------------------------
Cash and investments $ 46,068 $ 29,662
Receivables and deposits 25,946 28,963
Investments in commercial mortgage backed securities 127,116 116,363
Investments in mezzanine loans 1,731 2,249
Other assets 31,573 36,837
Real estate 1,056,037 1,007,432
Less accumulated depreciation (95,891) (75,049)
--------------------------------------
Net real estate 960,146 932,383
--------------------------------------
Total assets $ 1,192,581 $ 1,146,457
======================================
Mortgage notes payable $ 712,601 $ 698,452
Other liabilities 27,435 29,187
--------------------------------------
Total liabilities 740,036 727,639
Partners' capital 452,545 418,818
--------------------------------------
Total liabilities and partners' capital $ 1,192,581 $ 1,146,457
======================================
REAL ESTATE IMPAIRMENT
During 2002, the Company recorded impairment against its real estate investments
of $3.5 million on eight property assets. The impairment charge includes
$560,000 for a owned land parcel in Denver, held for future development, based
on a third party appraisal. The Company recorded impairment charges during 2001
and 2000 of $824,000 and $1.8 million, respectively.
10. OTHER ASSETS
Other assets consist of the following:
DECEMBER 31
2002 2001
--------------------------------------
(In thousands)
Loan costs, net $ 2,412 $ 2,193
Amount receivable in connection with disposition 2,693 3,000
Federal tax refund receivable (domestic) 3,966 -
Prepaid taxes 5,246 1,234
Other prepaid expenses 12,088 6,166
Real estate sales proceeds 7,865 -
Other 5,687 7,476
--------------------------------------
$ 39,957 $ 20,069
=================== ==================
Real estate sales proceeds of $7.9 million represents sale proceeds from a
minority owned real estate property received in December 2002 and payable to a
third party investor in 2003. The corresponding payable is included in the
Company's accrued and sundry liabilities at December 31, 2002.
F-37
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
11. ACCRUED AND SUNDRY LIABILITIES
Accrued and sundry liabilities consist of the following:
DECEMBER 31
2002 2001
------------------------------------
(In thousands)
Employee compensation and benefits $ 13,791 $ 14,501
Acquisition related lease and annuity liabilities 6,379 6,385
Amounts payable in connection with acquisitions 6,450 1,781
Deferred compensation 21,192 23,103
Deferred revenue 13,948 25,306
Current taxes payable 7,175 3,683
Value added taxes 6,312 4,178
Minimum pension liability 14,571 1,596
Real estate sales proceeds payable 7,865 -
Liabilities of consolidated real estate entities 3,136 848
Other 17,171 19,482
------------------------------------
$ 117,990 $ 100,863
====================================
Deferred revenue consists of lease commissions collected but deferred due to
contingencies and the Company's ownership portion of acquisition and development
fees in certain real estate partnerships. Deferred acquisition and development
fees are realized in income upon disposal of the Company's ownership, generally
from property sales, and deferred leasing commissions are recognized upon the
fulfillment of all conditions to commission payment, such as tenant occupancy or
payment of rent.
12. PRIVATE FINANCING
In June 2002, Insignia executed agreements for $50.0 million of new capital
through a private investment by funds affiliated with Blackacre Capital
Management, LLC ("Blackacre"). The investment consists of $12.5 million in newly
issued shares of Series B convertible preferred stock and a commitment to
provide $37.5 million of subordinated debt. The preferred stock carries an 8.5%
annual dividend, payable quarterly at Insignia's option in cash or in kind, and
is convertible into Insignia common stock at a price of $15.40 per share,
subject to adjustment. The preferred stock has a perpetual term, although
Insignia may call the preferred stock, at stated value, after June 7, 2005. In
February 2000, Blackacre purchased $25.0 million of convertible preferred stock,
which has now been exchanged for a Series A convertible preferred stock with an
8.5% annual dividend and a conversion price of $14.00 per share.
The Blackacre credit facility, which is subordinate to Insignia's senior credit
facility, bears interest at an annual rate of 11.25% to 12.25%, payable
quarterly, depending on the amount borrowed. In July 2002, Insignia borrowed
$15.0 million under the credit facility. The proceeds were used to finance the
purchase of the development property and related leasehold rights in St. Thomas,
United States Virgin Islands (discussed under "Real Estate Principal Investment
Activities" above). Insignia may draw down the remaining $22.5 million of
availability at any time until December 2003. Any further borrowings will bear
interest at 12.25%. The subordinated debt has a final maturity of June 2009.
F-38
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
13. LONG TERM DEBT
Total long term debt consists of notes payable of the Company and real estate
mortgage notes of consolidated real estate entities.
NOTES PAYABLE
Notes payable consist of the following:
DECEMBER 31
2002 2001
--------------------------------------
(In thousands)
Senior revolving credit facility with interest due quarterly at LIBOR plus
2.0 to 2.5% (totaling approximately 4.3% (2002) and 4.5% (2001)). Final
payment due date is May 8, 2004 $ 95,000 $149,000
Senior subordinated credit facility with interest due quarterly at 11.25% and
a final maturity of June 2009 15,000 -
Acquisition loan notes with an interest rate of approximately 3.0% and a
final maturity of April 2010 16,889 20,972
--------------------------------------
$126,889 $169,972
======================================
The Company's debt includes outstanding borrowings under its $230.0 million
senior revolving credit facility and a $37.5 million subordinated credit
facility entered into in June 2002 with Blackacre. The margin above LIBOR on the
senior facility was 2.50% at December 31, 2002 and 2001. The Company also had
outstanding letters of credit of $11.0 million and $12.3 million at December 31,
2002 and 2001, respectively. At December 31, 2002 the unused commitment on the
senior revolving credit facility was approximately $124.0 million.
The $37.5 million Blackacre credit facility is subordinate to Insignia's senior
credit facility and bears interest, payable quarterly, at an annual rate of
11.25% to 12.25%, depending on the amount borrowed. At December 31, 2002, the
Company had borrowings of $15.0 million outstanding on the subordinated credit
facility at an interest rate of 11.25%. Any further borrowings will bear
interest at 12.25%. Insignia may draw down the remaining $22.5 million of
availability at any time until December 2003. The subordinated debt has a final
maturity of June 2009.
The senior credit facility provides for foreign denominated borrowings up to an
aggregate $75 million. No foreign denominated borrowings were outstanding at
December 31, 2002 or 2001. The senior facility is collateralized by a pledge of
the stock of domestic subsidiaries and material foreign subsidiaries.
The Company also maintains a (pound)5 million line of credit in the UK for short
term working capital purposes in Europe. The Company has not borrowed on this
line of credit during the past two years.
The U.K. acquisition loan notes outstanding at December 31, 2002 are guaranteed
by a bank, as required by the terms of the respective purchase agreements. The
bank holds restricted cash deposits sufficient to repay the notes in full when
due. These loan notes are redeemable semi-annually at the discretion of the note
holder.
F-39
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
13. LONG TERM DEBT (CONTINUED)
NOTES PAYABLE (CONTINUED)
The Company's credit agreements and other debt agreements contain various
restrictive covenants requiring, among other things, minimum consolidated net
worth and certain other financial ratios. The Company's revolving credit
facility restricts the payment of cash dividends to an amount not to exceed
twenty-five percent of net income for the immediately preceding fiscal quarter.
At December 31, 2002, Insignia had approximately $80.0 million of availability
on its credit facilities under these covenants. At December 31, 2002 and 2001,
the Company was in compliance with all covenants.
REAL ESTATE MORTGAGE NOTES
Real estate mortgage notes represent non-recourse loans collateralized by real
estate properties consisting of the following:
2002 2001
-------------------------------------
(In thousands)
Brookhaven Village, mortgage loan bearing interest at 6.24% with a final maturity
in December 2004 $ 8,305 $ 8,305
Dolphin Village, mortgage loan - 7,608
Shinsen Place, mortgage loan - 21,356
U.S. Virgin Islands development loan bearing interest at LIBOR plus 5.0% with a
floor of 8.0% (8% at December 31, 2002). The note matures in August 2005 20,000 -
West Village, FHA loan bearing interest at 7.25%. The loan matures in October 2013 7,064 -
West Village, HPD note bearing interest at 8.5% and maturing in October 2023 (loan
amount plus unpaid accrued interest) 29,897 -
West Village, non-interest bearing residual receipt note maturing in October 2023 1,529 -
-------------------------------------
$ 66,795 $ 37,269
=====================================
The mortgage note encumbering Brookhaven Village includes a participation
feature whereby the lender is entitled to 35% of the net cash flow, net
refinancing proceeds or net sales proceeds after the Company has achieved a 10%
annual return on equity. The projected participation liability to the lender
equaled approximately $715,000 and $658,000 at December 31, 2002 and 2001,
respectively. This amount is substantially contingent upon a sale of the asset.
Dolphin Village and Shinsen Place were sold during 2002. The U.S. Virgin Island
development loan includes a one time deferred financing fee of 4.35% to 17% of
the loan proceeds, depending of the length of financing. This deferred financing
fee is payable at loan maturity or the early repayment of the loan.
F-40
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
13. LONG TERM DEBT (CONTINUED)
Scheduled principal maturities on all long term debt payable after December 31,
2002 are as follows:
REAL ESTATE
NOTES PAYABLE MORTGAGE NOTES TOTAL
-----------------------------------------------------
(in thousands)
2003 $ 16,889 $ 412 $ 17,301
2004 95,000 8,786 103,786
2005 - 20,518 20,518
2006 - 556 556
2007 - 598 598
Thereafter 15,000 35,925 50,925
-----------------------------------------------------
$ 126,889 $ 66,795 $ 193,684
=====================================================
14. STOCK COMPENSATION PLANS
The Company's 1998 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended and restated (the "1998
Plan"), authorized the grant of options and restricted stock awards to
management personnel totaling up to 4,500,000 shares of the Company's common
stock. The term of each option is determined by the Company's Board of Directors
but will in no event exceed ten years from the date of grant. Options granted
typically have five-year terms and are granted at prices not less than 100% of
the fair market value of the Company's common stock on the date of grant. The
1998 Plan may be terminated by the Board of Directors at any time. In September
1998, the Company was spun-off from its former parent, a company also named
Insignia Financial Group, Inc. At the spin-off date, the Company assumed, under
the 1998 Plan, approximately 1,787,000 options issued by the former parent to
employees of the businesses included in the spin-off. At December 31, 2002,
1,926,583 options were outstanding under the 1998 Plan.
At December 31, 2002, approximately 96,000 unvested restricted stock awards to
acquire shares of the Company's common stock were outstanding under the 1998
Plan. These awards, which have a five-year vesting period, were granted to
executive officers and other employees of the Company. Compensation expense
recognized by the Company for these awards totaled approximately $706,000,
$627,000 and $709,000 for 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively.
During 2002, the Company granted 150,000 nonqualified options to the president
of Insignia Douglas Elliman, pursuant to his employment agreement. These options
were issued outside of the 1998 Plan and have a five-year vesting period.
The Company assumed 1,289,329 options under Non-Qualified Stock Option
Agreements in connection with the acquisition of REGL. The options had five-year
terms at the date of grant and the terms remained unchanged at the date of
assumption. At December 31, 2002, 654,806 options remained outstanding.
F-41
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
14. STOCK COMPENSATION PLANS (CONTINUED)
The Company assumed approximately 612,000 options under Non-Qualified Stock
Option Agreements in connection with the acquisition of St. Quintin. The options
had five-year terms at the date of grant and the terms remained unchanged at the
date of assumption. At December 31, 2002, 266,484 options remained outstanding.
The Company assumed 110,000 options under a Non-Qualified Stock Option Plan in
connection with the acquisition of Brooke. At December 31, 2002, 65,000 options
remained outstanding under the plan. The options had five and one half-year
terms at the date of grant and the terms remained unchanged at the date of
assumption.
The terms of all options assumed in connection with acquisitions remained
subject to continued vesting over their original terms. These options have been
accounted for as additional purchase consideration for each respective business
combination.
During 2000, Insignia granted 1,493,000 warrants to purchase Insignia common
stock to certain key executives, non-employee directors and other employees
under Warrant Agreements. Such warrants had five-year terms at the date of
grant. At December 31, 2002, 1,432,500 warrants remained outstanding.
Pursuant to the Company's Supplemental Stock Purchase and Loan Program, Insignia
has loans outstanding to seven employees, including three executive officers, of
the Company. These loans were originally made in 1998 and 1999 for the purchase
of 158,663 newly issued shares of Insignia's common stock at an average share
price of approximately $12.18. The loans require principal and interest
payments, at a fixed rate of 7.5%, in 40 equal quarterly installments ending
December 31, 2009. The notes are secured by the common shares and are
non-recourse to the employee except to the extent of 25% of the outstanding
amount. The outstanding principal balances of these notes totaled $1,193,000 and
$1,882,000 at December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. The notes receivable are
classified as a reduction of stockholders' equity in the Company's consolidated
balance sheet.
The Company's 1998 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "Employee Plan") was
adopted to provide employees with an opportunity to purchase common stock
through payroll deductions at a price not less than 85% of the fair market value
of the Company's common stock. The Employee Plan was developed to qualify under
Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
In connection with the Company's spin-off in September 1998, 1,196,000 warrants
to purchase shares of common stock of the Company (at $14.50 per share) were
issued to holders of the Convertible Preferred Securities of the Company's
former parent. The term of each warrant is five years. The Company's former
parent purchased the warrants from Insignia in 1998 for approximately $8.5
million. At December 31, 2002, all warrants remained outstanding and were fully
exercisable.
The Company's common stock reserved for future issuance in connection with stock
compensation plans totaled 5,751,373 shares at December 31, 2002.
F-42
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
14. STOCK COMPENSATION PLANS (CONTINUED)
Summaries of the Company's stock option, warrant and unvested restricted stock
activity, and related information for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001
and 2000 are as follows:
2002 2001 2000
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WEIGHTED WEIGHTED WEIGHTED
AVERAGE AVERAGE AVERAGE
EXERCISE EXERCISE EXERCISE
SHARES PRICE SHARES PRICE SHARES PRICE
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Outstanding at beginning of year 6,616,404 $ 10.32 8,304,155 $ 10.06 6,859,368 $ 10.02
Options and warrants granted 290,000 10.33 30,000 11.70 2,189,174 8.54
Options granted in connection with
Brooke acquisition -- -- 20,000 10.80 40,000 11.81
Exercised (200,674) 3.48 (690,941) 6.64 (508,676) 6.36
Forfeited/canceled (954,357) 11.95 (1,046,810) 9.40 (275,711) 8.62
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Outstanding at end of year 5,751,373 10.30 6,616,404 $ 10.32 8,304,155 $ 10.06
========================================================================================
Exercisable at end of year 4,501,359 $ 10.66 4,233,299 $ 11.31 4,359,468 $ 11.24
========================================================================================
Weighted-average fair value of
grants during the year $ 2.90 $ 5.32 $ 4.09
=============== =============== ===============
Significant option, warrant and unvested restricted stock groups outstanding at
December 31, 2002 and related weighted average price and life information
follows:
OUTSTANDING EXERCISABLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
WEIGHTED AVERAGE WEIGHTED WEIGHTED AVERAGE
RANGE OF NUMBER REMAINING CONTRACTUAL AVERAGE NUMBER EXERCISABLE EXERCISE PRICE
EXERCISE PRICES OUTSTANDING LIFE EXERCISE PRICE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------- -------------------
$ 0.00 - $ 7.50 1,017,526 1.9 years $ 5.82 560,066 $ 6.41
$ 7.51 - $ 11.00 2,108,000 2.5 years $ 8.40 1,723,330 $ 8.06
$11.01 - $ 14.00 1,308,965 1.7 years $ 12.61 901,081 $12.65
$14.01 - $ 15.69 1,316,882 0.8 years $ 14.51 1,316,882 $14.51
-------------------- ---------------- -------------------- -------------------
5,751,373 $ 10.30 4,501,359 $10.66
==================== ================ ==================== ===================
F-43
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
15. INCOME TAXES
For financial reporting purposes, income from continuing operations before
income taxes includes the following components:
2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------
(In thousands)
United States $ 4,304 $ 3,128 $ 5,932
Foreign 19,632 5,674 18,465
-----------------------------------------------
$ 23,936 $ 8,802 $ 24,397
===============================================
Significant components of the income tax expense from continuing operations are
as follows:
2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------
(In thousands)
Current:
Federal $ 964 $ 2,498 $ (27)
Foreign 8,279 4,868 6,619
State and local 500 1,208 41
-----------------------------------------------
Total current 9,743 8,574 6,633
Deferred:
Federal 3,052 (3,387) (1,465)
Foreign 960 (944) (804)
State and local (3,036) (1,162) (1,196)
-----------------------------------------------
Total deferred 976 (5,493) (3,465)
-----------------------------------------------
$ 10,719 $ 3,081 $ 3,168
===============================================
Components of income tax expense (benefit) reported other than in continuing
operations are as follows:
2002 2001 2000
------------------------------------------------
(In thousands)
Discontinued Operations:
(Loss) income from operations $ - $ (682) $ 559
Income (loss) on disposal (2,844) (4,000) -
------------------------------------------------
Total (2,844) (4,682) 559
================================================
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income:
Minimum pension liability (3,832) (696) -
Unrealized investment gains (losses) 752 7 (456)
Currency translation 6,215 (1,769) (4,518)
------------------------------------------------
Total 3,135 (2,458) (4,974)
================================================
Cumulative Change in Accounting Principles:
Goodwill impairment (9,388) - -
SAB 101 adoption - - (23,310)
------------------------------------------------
$ (9,388) $ - $ (23,310)
================================================
F-44
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
15. INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED)
The reconciliation of income tax attributable to continuing operations computed
at the U.S. statutory rate to income tax expense is shown below (In thousands):
2002 2001 2000
---------------------------------------------------- --------------------------
AMOUNT PERCENT AMOUNT PERCENT AMOUNT PERCENT
---------------------------------------------------- --------------------------
Tax at U.S. statutory rates $ 8,378 35.0% $ 3,081 35.0% $8,539 35.0%
Effect of different tax rates in
foreign jurisdictions (387) (1.6) (424) (4.8) (867) (3.6)
State income taxes, net of federal
tax benefit (1,649) (6.9) (1,450) (16.5) (150) (0.6)
Effect of nondeductible meals and
entertainment expenses 501 2.1 1,092 12.4 783 3.2
Effect of nondeductible goodwill
amortization - - 1,386 15.7 824 3.4
Change in valuation allowances for
continuing operations 1,913 8.0 1,468 16.7 - -
Effect of life insurance proceeds - - - - (7,000) (28.7)
Effect of settlement of IRS exam (73) (0.3) (1,961) (22.3) - -
Effect of executive compensation 1,504 6.3 351 4.0 403 1.7
limitation
Other 532 2.2 (462) (5.2) 636 2.6
---------------------------------------------------- --------------------------
$ 10,719 44.8% $ 3,081 35.0% $ 3,168 13.0%
==================================================== ==========================
F-45
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
15. INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED)
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences
between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting
purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of
the deferred tax liabilities and assets are as follows:
DECEMBER 31
2002 2001
-------------------------------------------------
(In thousands)
Deferred tax liabilities:
Acquisition related intangibles $ (1,799) $ (7,323)
Tax over book depreciation (6,149) -
Partnership earnings differences - (1,841)
Compensation (5,415) (2,177)
Accumulated comprehensive income - unrealized gains (752) (39)
Other, net (1,680) (1,295)
-------------------------------------------------
Total deferred tax liabilities (15,795) (12,675)
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating losses 13,494 7,132
Acquisition related items 4,082 734
Book over tax depreciation - 5,262
Commission income receivable (net) 1,499 -
Alternative minimum tax credit 1,234 4,270
Partnership earnings differences 3,897 -
Bad debt reserves 2,400 1,164
Reserve for asset impairments 2,540 10,243
Compensation and benefits 17,261 15,786
Accumulated comprehensive income - minimum pension liability 4,528 696
Accumulated comprehensive income - currency translation - 6,215
Other, net 2,250 632
-------------------------------------------------
Total deferred tax assets 53,185 52,134
Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets (5,576) (8,963)
-------------------------------------------------
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance 47,609 43,171
-------------------------------------------------
Net deferred tax assets $ 31,814 $ 30,496
=================================================
In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers
whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax
assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is
dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in
which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the
scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income,
and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. In order to realize fully
the deferred assets, the Company will need to generate future taxable income of
approximately $58.1 million, principally for U.S. purposes.
F-46
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
15. INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED)
The Company has generated losses and has created other net deferred assets in
prior years. Based upon the level of historical taxable income and projections
for future taxable income over the periods in which the deferred tax assets are
deductible, management believes it is more likely than not that the Company will
realize the benefits of these deductible differences, net of the existing
valuation allowances. The amount of the deferred tax asset considered
realizable, however, could be reduced in the near term if estimates of future
income during the carryforward period are reduced. Net operating losses in the
U.S. were carried forward from 2001 for federal income tax purposes. At December
31, 2002, approximately $12.6 million and $41.1 million of net operating losses
will carry forward to 2003 for federal, state and local income tax purposes
respectively. These amounts expire between 2015 and 2022.
In 2001, the Company entered into an agreement to sell Realty One and its
affiliated companies. In connection with the Realty One sale, the Company
incurred a pre-tax loss of approximately $21.6 million. Under the tax law
existing at December 31, 2001, approximately $12.5 million of the loss could not
be deducted for income tax purposes and no income tax benefit has been provided
on this portion of the loss in 2001. Subsequent to 2001, the U.S. Treasury
Department issued new legislative regulations that allowed for the deduction of
the loss for income tax purposes. Sufficient capital gains were generated to
offset the loss.
Undistributed earnings of the Company's foreign operations amounted to
approximately $39.0 million in aggregate as of December 31, 2002. Deferred
income taxes are not provided at U.S. tax rates on these earnings as it is
intended that the earnings will be permanently reinvested outside of the U.S.
Any such taxes should not be significant, since U.S. tax rates are no more than
5% in excess of U.K. and French tax rates and goodwill, with respect to the U.K.
and French operations, are amortizable for U.S. tax purposes.
During 2002, certain of the Company's foreign operations generated operating
losses in aggregate of approximately $8.1 million. All potential tax benefits
pertaining to such losses have been fully reserved due to absence of profits.
In 2000, the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") commenced an examination of the
income tax returns for the 1998 (January 1, 1998 through September 30, 1998),
1997 and 1996 tax years. In November 2001, the IRS made a final determination to
which the Company has agreed. The agreed assessment paid by the Company was
approximately $1.1 million, including taxes and interest. The examination will
have final resolution when the U. S. Treasury Department issues a determination
letter resulting from the review by the Joint Committee on Taxation. The statute
of limitations is extended through March 31, 2003. The Company does not
anticipate any additional assessments.
F-47
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
16. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
401(K) RETIREMENT PLAN
The Company established a 401(k) savings plan covering substantially all U.S.
employees. The Company may make a contribution equal to 25% of the employees'
contribution up to a maximum of 6% of the employees' compensation and
participants fully vest in employer contributions after 5 years. All
contributions to the 401(k) plan are expensed currently in earnings. The Company
expensed approximately $1,249,000, $1,660,000, and $2,044,000 in contributions
to the 401(k) plan during 2002, 2001, and 2000, respectively.
DEFINED CONTRIBUTION PLAN
Insignia Richard Ellis maintains a defined contribution plan that is available
to all of its employees at their option after the completion of six months of
service and the attainment of 25 years of age. Insignia Richard Ellis
contributions are 3.5% of salary for ages 25 to 30, 4.5% of salary for ages 31
to 35 and 5.5% to 7% of salary for ages 36 and over. Insignia Richard Ellis
expensed approximately $1,598,000, $1,430,000 and $1,558,000 in contributions to
the plan during 2002, 2001, and 2000, respectively.
DEFINED BENEFIT PLANS
Insignia Richard Ellis maintains two defined benefit plans for certain of its
employees. The plans provide for benefits based upon the final salary of
participating employees. The funding policy is to contribute annually an amount
to fund pension cost as actuarially determined by an independent pension
consulting firm.
F-48
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
16. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS (CONTINUED)
The following table summarizes the accumulated benefit obligation, projected
benefit obligation, funded status and net periodic pension cost of the Insignia
Richard Ellis defined benefit plans:
DECEMBER 31
2002 2001
---------------------------------
(In thousands)
ACCUMULATED BENEFIT OBLIGATION $ 57,089 $ 45,727
=================================
PROJECTED BENEFIT OBLIGATION ("PBO")
PBO - Beginning of year $ 48,355 $ 46,230
Service cost 1,158 909
Interest cost 3,017 2,657
Benefits paid net of participant contributions (566) (533)
Net actuarial loss 4,023 368
Foreign currency exchange rate changes 5,593 (1,276)
---------------------------------
PBO - End of year 61,580 48,355
---------------------------------
CHANGE IN PLAN ASSETS
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year 44,131 50,114
Actual return on plan assets (6,198) (4,947)
Employer contributions 884 916
Benefits paid net of participant contributions (566) (533)
Foreign currency exchange rate changes 4,267 (1,419)
---------------------------------
Fair value of plan assets at end of year 42,518 44,131
---------------------------------
Funded status of the plans (19,062) (4,224)
Unrecognized net actuarial loss 19,585 5,002
Adjustment required to recognize minimum liability (15,094) (2,374)
---------------------------------
Net pension liability recognized in the Company's
consolidated balance sheets $ (14,571) $ (1,596)
=================================
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31
2002 2001 2000
------------------------------------------------
NET PERIODIC PENSION COST (In thousands)
-------------------------
Service cost $ 1,158 $ 909 $ 1,370
Interest cost 3,017 2,657 2,545
Return on plan assets (2,975) (3,398) (3,343)
-------------------------------------------------
$ 1,200 $ 168 $ 572
================================================
ASSUMPTIONS USED IN DETERMINING ACCOUNTING:
Discount rate 5.5% 6.0% 6.0%
Weighted average increase in compensation levels 4.3% 4.5% 5.0%
Rate of return on plan assets 6.5% 6.5% 7.0%
The adjustment to accumulated other comprehensive income in 2002 pertaining to
the minimum pension liability was approximately $9.7 million (net of tax benefit
of $3.8 million).
F-49
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
17. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
In May 2002, Insignia made a loan in the amount of $270,000 to an Executive Vice
President of the Company. The variable interest rate on the loan is the same the
average cost of funds borrowed by Insignia, which was approximately 5.25% at
December 31, 2002. Interest on the loan is payable to Insignia in cash on June
30 and December 31 of each year; provided, however, that until December 31, 2004
all interest accrued and payable may, at the discretion of the executive (but
subject to Insignia's right of offset as more fully described below), be added
to the outstanding principal balance of the loan instead of paid in cash. The
loan is repayable on the earlier of (i) June 30, 2005 or (ii) 30 days following
a termination of the executive's employment with Insignia for any reason.
Pursuant to its rights under the note, beginning on August 1, 2002, Insignia
began withholding 50% of any distribution payable to the executive, in respect
of the executive's equity interest in the Company's profits interest in IOP, to
be applied as a payment of accrued interest first and then outstanding
principal. The outstanding balance on the loan was $269,083 at December 31,
2002.
In March 2002, Insignia made a loan in the amount of $1.5 million to its
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. The variable interest rate on the loan is
the same as the average cost of funds borrowed by Insignia, which was
approximately 5.25% at December 31, 2002. The loan is payable on or before March
5, 2005. The Company deducts quarterly interest payments due on the loan from
certain bonuses payable to the Chairman. To the extent such bonuses are not
paid, all accrued and unpaid interest is payable at maturity. The loan and any
accrued interest thereon would be forgiven in limited circumstances, such as a
significant transaction or change of control. The outstanding balance on the
loan at December 31, 2002 was $1.5 million.
In June 2001, Insignia made a loan in the amount of $1.5 million to its
President. The variable interest rate on the loan is the same as the average
cost of funds borrowed by Insignia, which was approximately 5.25% at December
31, 2002. The loan becomes due upon the earliest of (i) voluntary termination of
the President's employment with Insignia, (ii) the termination of the
President's employment with Insignia for cause or (iii) March 15, 2006. Insignia
will forgive $375,000 of the principal amount of the loan and accrued interest
thereon on March 15 of the year following each of 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005 to
the extent that actual Net EBITDA equals or exceeds 75% of annual budgeted Net
EBITDA for any such year, as approved by the Board of Directors. In addition, if
aggregate actual Net EBITDA for fiscal 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005 equals or
exceeds aggregate annual budgeted EBITDA for such years, any outstanding
principal amount of the loan and accrued interest thereon, will be forgiven as
of March 15, 2006. The outstanding balance on the loan at December 31, 2002 was
$1.5 million.
Pursuant to the Company's Supplemental Stock Purchase and Loan Program, Insignia
has loans outstanding to seven employees, including three executive officers, of
the Company. These loans were originally made in 1998 and 1999 for the purchase
of 158,663 newly issued shares of Insignia's common stock at an average share
price of approximately $12.18. The loans require principal and interest
payments, at a fixed rate of 7.5%, in 40 equal quarterly installments ending
December 31, 2009. The notes are secured by the common shares and are
non-recourse to the employee except to the extent of 25% of the outstanding
amount. At December 31, 2002 and 2001, the loans outstanding totaled $1,193,000
and $1,882,000, respectively, and are presented as a reduction of stockholders'
equity in the Company's consolidated balance sheets.
F-50
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
17. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (CONTINUED)
A director of Insignia is a partner in a law firm that represents Insignia or
certain of its affiliates from time to time. The amount of fees paid by the
Company to the firm during 2002, 2001 and 2000 totaled $1,363,000, $59,000 and
$589,000, respectively.
18. COMMITMENTS, CONTINGENCIES AND OTHER MATTERS
ORDINARY COURSE OF BUSINESS CLAIMS
Insignia and certain subsidiaries are defendants in lawsuits arising in the
ordinary course of business. Management does not expect that the results of any
such lawsuits will have a significant adverse effect on the financial condition,
results of operations or cash flows of the Company. All contingencies including
unasserted claims or assessments, which are probable and for which the amount of
loss can be reasonably estimated, are accrued in accordance with SFAS No. 5,
Accounting for Contingencies.
INDEMNIFICATION
In 1998, the Company's former parent entered into a Merger Agreement with
Apartment Investment and Management Company ("AIMCO"), and one of AIMCO's
subsidiaries, pursuant to which the former parent was merged into AIMCO. Shortly
before the merger, the former parent distributed the stock of Insignia to its
shareholders in a spin-off transaction. As a requirement of the Merger
Agreement, Insignia entered into an Indemnification Agreement with AIMCO. In the
Indemnification Agreement, Insignia agreed generally to indemnify AIMCO against
all losses exceeding $9.1 million that result from: (i) breaches by the Company
or former parent of representations, warranties or covenants in the Merger
Agreement; (ii) actions taken by or on behalf of former parent prior to the
merger; and (iii) the spin-off.
In December 2001, the Company entered into a stock purchase agreement with Real
Living, Inc., the purchaser, that provided for the sale of 100% of the stock of
Realty One and its affiliated companies. Such affiliated companies included
First Ohio Mortgage Corporation, Inc., First Ohio Escrow Corporation, Inc. and
Insignia Relocation Management, Inc. As a part of sale, the Company agreed
generally to indemnify the purchaser against all losses up to the purchase price
(subject to certain deductible amounts), resulting from the following: (i)
breaches by the Company of any representations, warranties or covenants in the
stock purchase agreement; (ii) pre-disposition obligations for goods, services,
taxes or indebtedness except for those assumed by Real Living, Inc.; (iii)
change of control payments made to employees of Realty One; and (iv) any third
party losses arising or related to the period prior to the disposition. In
addition, the Company provided an indemnification for losses incurred by Wells
Fargo Home Mortgage, Inc. ("Wells Fargo") and/or the purchaser in respect of (i)
mortgage loan files existing on the date of closing; (ii) fraud in the conduct
of its home mortgage business; and (iii) the failure to follow standard industry
practices in the home mortgage business. The aggregate loss for which the
Company is potentially liable to Wells Fargo is limited to $10 million and the
aggregate of any claims made by the purchaser and Wells Fargo shall not exceed
the purchase price.
F-51
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
18. COMMITMENTS, CONTINGENCIES AND OTHER MATTERS (CONTINUED)
INDEMNIFICATION (CONTINUED)
As of December 31, 2002, the Company was not aware of any matters that would
give rise to a material claim under any warranties and indemnities.
ENVIRONMENTAL
Under various federal and state environmental laws and regulations, a current or
previous owner or operator of real estate may be required to investigate and
remediate certain hazardous or toxic substances or petroleum-product releases at
the property, and may be held liable to a governmental entity or to third
parties for property damage and for investigation and cleanup costs incurred by
such parties in connection with contamination. In addition, some environmental
laws create a lien on the contaminated site in favor of the government for
damages and costs it incurs in connection with the contamination. The owner or
operator of a site may be liable under common law to third parties for damages
and injuries resulting from environmental contamination emanating from or at the
site, including the presence of asbestos containing materials. Insurance for
such matters may not be available.
The presence of contamination or the failure to remediate contamination may
adversely affect the owner's ability to sell or lease real estate or to borrow
using the real estate as collateral. There can be no assurance that Insignia, or
any assets owned or controlled by Insignia (as on-site property manager),
currently are in compliance with all of such laws and regulations or that
Insignia will not become subject to liabilities that arise in whole or in part
out of any such laws, rules or regulations. The liability may be imposed even if
the original actions were legal and Insignia did not know of, or was not
responsible for, the presence of such hazardous or toxic substances. Insignia
may also be solely responsible for the entire payment of any liability if it is
subject to joint and several liability with other responsible parties who are
unable to pay. Insignia may be subject to additional liability if it fails to
disclose environmental issues to a buyer or lessee of property. Management is
not currently aware of any environmental liabilities that are expected to have a
material adverse effect upon the operations or financial condition of the
Company.
F-52
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
18. COMMITMENTS, CONTINGENCIES AND OTHER MATTERS (CONTINUED)
OPERATING LEASES
The Company leases office space and equipment under noncancelable operating
leases. Minimum annual rentals under operating leases for the five years ending
after December 31, 2002 and thereafter are as follows:
AMOUNT
-------------------
(In thousands)
2003 $ 32,207
2004 30,231
2005 27,580
2006 25,386
2007 23,513
Thereafter 68,163
-------------------
TOTAL MINIMUM PAYMENTS $ 207,080
===================
Rental expense, which is recorded on a straight-line basis, was approximately
$35,822,000 (2002) $29,282,000 (2001) and $26,579,000 (2000). Certain of the
leases are subject to renewal options and annual escalation based on the
Consumer Price Index or annual increases in operating expenses.
CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK
Insignia has 375,000 shares, or $37.5 million, of convertible preferred stock
outstanding to investment funds affiliated with Blackacre Capital Management.
The convertible preferred stock includes 250,000 shares, or $25.0 million, of
Series A, initially purchased in February 2000, and 125,000 shares, or $12.5
million, of Series B purchased in June 2002. The initial preferred originally
carried a 4% annual dividend and was exchanged in June 2002 for Series A
convertible preferred stock. The convertible preferred stock carries an 8.5%
annual dividend (totaling approximately $3.2 million), payable quarterly at
Insignia's option in cash or in kind. The Company paid cash dividends of
approximately $1.8 million in 2002.
The convertible preferred stock has a perpetual term, although Insignia may call
the preferred stock, at stated value, after June 7, 2005. Upon the dissolution,
liquidation or winding up of the Company, the holders of Series A and Series B
convertible preferred stock are entitled to receive the stated value of $100.00
per share (totaling $37.5 million (2002) and $25.0 million (2001)) plus accrued
and unpaid dividends.
F-53
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
18. COMMITMENTS, CONTINGENCIES AND OTHER MATTERS (CONTINUED)
STOCK REPURCHASE
At December 31, 2002 and 2001, Insignia held in treasury 1,502,600 repurchased
shares of its Common Stock. Such shares were repurchased at an aggregate cost of
approximately $16.2 million and are reserved for issuance upon the exercise of
warrants granted in 2001 to certain executive officers, non-employee directors
and other employees of the Company.
In July 2002, the Company authorized a stock repurchase program of up to $5.0
million, subject to compliance with all covenants contained within the Company's
existing debt agreements. As of December 31, 2002, the Company had not initiated
any stock repurchases under this authorization.
LIFE INSURANCE PROCEEDS
In October 2000, Insignia collected $20 million in life insurance proceeds from
a "key man" insurance policy on the life of Edward S. Gordon, a member of the
Company's Office of the Chairman. The policy was purchased in connection with
Insignia's acquisition of Edward S. Gordon Incorporated in June 1996. Insignia
incurred approximately $900,000 in obligations payable to Mr. Gordon's estate at
the time of his death. The Company recognized the resulting income of $19.1
million in the third quarter of 2000.
19. INDUSTRY SEGMENTS
As of December 31 2002, Insignia's operating activities encompassed two segments
that include (i) commercial real estate services, including principal investment
activities, and (ii) residential real estate services. In 2001 and 2000, the
Company's operating activities included internet-based initiatives as a third
segment. The Company's segments include businesses that offer similar products
and services and are managed separately because of the distinction between such
services. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those used in
the preparation of the consolidated financial statements.
The commercial segment provides services including tenant representation,
property and asset management, agency leasing and brokerage, investment sales,
development and re-development, consulting and other services. The commercial
segment also includes the Company's principal real estate investment activities
and fund management. Insignia's commercial segment is comprised of the
operations of Insignia/ESG in the U.S., Insignia Richard Ellis in the U.K.,
Insignia Bourdais in France and other businesses in continental Europe, Asia and
Latin America. The residential segment provides services including apartment
brokerage and leasing, rental brokerage, property management and mortgage
brokerage services and consists of the New York based operations of Insignia
Douglas Elliman and Insignia Residential Group. The Company's unallocated
administrative expenses and corporate assets, consisting primarily of cash and
property and equipment, are included in "Other" in the segment reporting. The
Company's internet-based initiatives launched in 1999 were terminated in 2001.
F-54
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
19. INDUSTRY SEGMENTS (CONTINUED)
The following tables summarize certain financial information by industry
segment:
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2002 COMMERCIAL RESIDENTIAL OTHER TOTAL
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(In thousands)
REVENUES
Real estate services $ 577,544 $ 133,691 $ - $ 711,235
Property operations 9,195 - - 9,195
Equity earnings in unconsolidated
ventures 3,482 - - 3,482
Other income, net 589 - 204 793
--------------------------------------------------------------
590,810 133,691 204 724,705
--------------------------------------------------------------
Operating income (loss) 37,318 7,888 (14,229) 30,977
OTHER INCOME AND EXPENSE:
Interest income 2,300 15 1,636 3,951
Interest expense (474) (16) (8,380) (8,870)
Property interest expense (2,122) - - (2,122)
--------------------------------------------------------------
Income (loss) from continuing
operations before income taxes $ 37,022 $ 7,887 $ (20,973) $ 23,936
==============================================================
Total assets $ 724,330 $ 62,604 $ 85,905 $ 872,839
Real estate investments, net 134,135 - - 134,135
Capital expenditures, net 7,136 3,267 - 10,403
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2001 COMMERCIAL RESIDENTIAL INTERNET OTHER TOTAL
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
REVENUES
Real estate services $ 613,253 $ 119,232 $ - $ - $ 732,485
Property operations 3,969 - - - 3,969
Equity earnings in unconsolidated ventures 13,911 - - - 13,911
Other income, net 1,765 - - 331 2,096
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
632,898 119,232 - 331 752,461
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Operating income (loss) 43,244 (1,050) - (13,186) 29,008
OTHER INCOME AND EXPENSES:
Interest income 2,084 16 - 2,769 4,869
Interest expense (639) (38) - (11,730) (12,407)
Property interest expense (1,744) - - - (1,744)
Losses from internet investments - - (10,263) - (10,263)
Other expenses (661) - - - (661)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Income (loss) from continuing
operations before income taxes $ 42,284 $ (1,072) $ (10,263) $ (22,147) $ 8,802
==============================================================================
Total assets $ 678,091 $ 147,654 $ 1,007 $ 91,630 $ 918,382
Real estate investments, net 95,710 - - - 95,710
Capital expenditures, net 11,704 3,815 - 85 15,604
F-55
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
19. INDUSTRY SEGMENTS (CONTINUED)
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2000 COMMERCIAL RESIDENTIAL INTERNET OTHER TOTAL
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(In thousands)
REVENUES
Real estate services $ 639,447 $ 134,095 $ - $ - $ 773,542
Property operations 5,212 - - - 5,212
Equity earnings in unconsolidated ventures 3,912 - - - 3,912
Other income - - - 1,365 1,365
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$ 648,571 $ 134,095 $ - $ 1,365 $ 784,031
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Operating income (loss) 58,265 5,450 (18,456) (15,050) 30,209
OTHER INCOME AND EXPENSES:
Interest income 2,316 - 464 4,456 7,236
Interest expense (1,032) (48) - (10,665) (11,745)
Property interest expense (2,868) - - - (2,868)
Losses from internet investments - - (18,435) - (18,435)
Life insurance proceeds - - - 19,100 19,100
Minority interest - - 900 - 900
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Income (loss) from continuing
operations before income taxes $ 56,681 $ 5,402 $ (35,527) $ (2,159) $ 24,397
==============================================================================
Total assets $ 645,989 $ 162,213 $ 10,963 $ 106,460 $ 925,625
Real estate investments, net 102,170 - - - 102,170
Capital expenditures, net 20,444 5,290 - 73 25,807
Certain geographic information is as follows:
YEAR ENDED YEAR ENDED YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2002 DECEMBER 31, 2001 DECEMBER 31, 2000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LONG-LIVED LONG-LIVED LONG-LIVED
REVENUES ASSETS REVENUES ASSETS REVENUES ASSETS
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
United States $ 539,889 $ 343,072 $ 631,986 $ 339,619 $ 637,067 $ 274,652
United Kingdom 121,746 115,029 105,896 106,701 133,809 90,781
France 43,058 30,189 - 12,800 - -
Other countries 20,012 8,631 14,579 8,603 13,155 3,639
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$ 724,705 $ 496,921 $ 752,461 $ 467,723 $ 784,031 $ 369,072
==========================================================================================
Long-lived assets are comprised of property and equipment, real estate
investments, goodwill and acquired intangibles.
F-56
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
20. FAIR VALUES OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The fair value estimates of financial instruments are not necessarily indicative
of the amounts the Company might pay or receive in actual market transactions.
The carrying amount reported on the balance sheet for cash and cash equivalents
approximates its fair value. Receivables reported on the balance sheet generally
consist of property and lease commission receivables and various note
receivables. The property and note receivables approximate their fair values.
Lease commission receivables are carried at their discounted present value;
therefore the carrying amount and fair value amount are the same. The carrying
amounts for notes payable and real estate mortgage notes payable approximate
their respective fair value because the interest rates generally approximate
current market interest rates for similar instruments.
21. QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (UNAUDITED)
2002
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
FOURTH THIRD SECOND FIRST
TOTAL QUARTER QUARTER QUARTER QUARTER
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
(In thousands, except per share data)
Revenues $ 724,705 $ 200,881 $ 191,547 $ 180,981 $ 151,296
Income (loss) from continuing operations 13,217 6,334 4,116 3,175 (408)
Discontinued operations 4,918 -- 4,653 -- 265
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Income (loss) before cumulative effect of a
change in accounting principle 18,135 6,334 8,769 3,175 (143)
Cumulative effect of a change in accounting
principle (20,635) -- -- -- (20,635)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net (loss) income (2,500) 6,334 8,769 3,175 (20,778)
=========================================================================
PER SHARE AMOUNTS:
Earnings per share - basic
Income (loss) from continuing operations $ 0.48 $ 0.24 $ 0.14 $ 0.12 $ (0.03)
Discontinued operations 0.21 -- 0.20 -- 0.01
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Income (loss) before cumulative effect of a
change in accounting principle 0.69 0.24 0.34 0.12 (0.02)
Cumulative effect of a change in accounting
change in accounting principle (0.89) -- -- -- (0.89)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net (loss) income (0.20) 0.24 0.34 0.12 (0.91)
=========================================================================
Earnings per share - assuming dilution
Income (loss) from continuing operations 0.47 0.24 0.14 0.12 (0.03)
Discontinued operations 0.21 -- 0.20 -- 0.01
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Income (loss) before cumulative effect of a
change in accounting principle 0.67 0.24 0.34 0.12 (0.02)
Cumulative effect of a change in accounting
principle (0.87) -- -- -- (0.88)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net (loss) income (0.20) 0.24 0.34 0.12 (0.86)
=========================================================================
F-57
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
21. QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (UNAUDITED) (CONTINUED)
2001
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
FOURTH THIRD SECOND FIRST
TOTAL QUARTER QUARTER QUARTER QUARTER
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
(In thousands, except per share data)
Revenues $ 752,461 $ 255,963 $ 147,277 $ 172,239 $ 176,982
Income (loss) from continuing operations 5,721 12,648 (5,396) (1,747) 216
Discontinued operations (19,229) (17,707) 926 302 (2,750)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net loss (13,508) (5,059) (4,470) (1,445) (2,534)
============================================================================
PER SHARE AMOUNTS:
Earnings per share - basic
Income (loss) from continuing operations $ 0.21 $ 0.55 $ (0.25) $ (0.09) $ 0.00
Discontinued operations (0.87) (0.79) 0.04 0.01 (0.13)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net loss (0.66) (0.24) (0.21) (0.08) (0.13)
============================================================================
Earnings per share - assuming dilution
Income (loss) from continuing operations 0.20 0.50 (0.25) (0.09) 0.00
Discontinued operations (0.82) (0.70) 0.04 0.01 (0.13)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net loss (0.62) (0.20) (0.21) (0.08) (0.13)
============================================================================
Fourth quarter earnings included a gain of approximately $10.4 million from the
sale of a real estate property in which the Company held a 17.5% profits
interest. In addition, the fourth quarter included impairment write-downs of
$4.6 million in remaining internet investments and income of $3.2 million in
connection with the liquidation of EdificeRex.
F-58
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
22. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
PROPOSED CB RICHARD ELLIS MERGER
On February 17, 2003, Insignia entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the
"Merger Agreement") with CBRE Holding, Inc., CB Richard Ellis Services, Inc.
("CB") and Apple Acquisition Corp., a wholly owned subsidiary of CB, pursuant to
which, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth therein, Apple
Acquisition Corp. will be merged with and into Insignia (the "Merger"), with
Insignia being the surviving corporation in the Merger and becoming a wholly
owned subsidiary of CB. The Merger Agreement provides that Insignia's
Certificate of Incorporation and the Bylaws of Apple Acquisition Corp. will be
the Certificate of Incorporation and the Bylaws, respectively, of the surviving
corporation. Under the Merger Agreement, at closing each share of common stock,
par value $0.01 per share, of Insignia (the "Common Stock") will be converted
into the right to receive $11.00 per share in cash (the "Common Merger
Consideration"). In addition, Insignia has the right, but not the obligation, to
sell certain real estate assets (excluding assets of the service businesses)
prior to the closing of the Merger. If Insignia receives more than a specified
amount of cash net proceeds (generally $45.0 million, net of expenses, plus any
amounts contributed or transferred to the entities holding these assets between
February 17, 2003 and the closing of the Merger) for these assets, the excess
net cash proceeds will be paid to holders of Common Stock, options, warrants and
unvested restricted stock as additional Common Merger Consideration, up to an
additional $1.00 per share of Common Stock.
There can be no assurance that Insignia will sell any of these assets or, if it
does, that it will receive more than the specified amount through the asset
sales. Additional Common Merger Consideration above $11.00 per share will be
determined based on a denominator of approximately 26,500,000 common shares,
options, warrants and unvested restricted stock. As a result, excess net cash
proceeds of approximately $6.6 million over the specified amount would be
required for each additional $0.25 increment of Common Merger Consideration.
Total net cash proceeds from asset sales necessary to achieve the maximum $1.00
of additional Common Merger Consideration would approximate $71.5 million.
The Merger Agreement further provides that all of Insignia's directors will
resign immediately prior to the completion of the Merger. Following the Merger,
Insignia will cease to be a reporting company under the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934, as amended, and its Common Stock will cease to be traded on the New
York Stock Exchange. Consummation of the Merger requires approval by Insignia's
shareholders, CB's receipt of equity and debt financing, the receipt of
regulatory approvals and other customary closing conditions. In connection with
the Merger Agreement, several members of senior management of Insignia (who
collectively own approximately 6.6% of voting common shares) entered into Voting
Agreements with CB and Insignia (the "Voting Agreements"), pursuant to which
these individuals agreed to vote their shares in favor of approving the Merger
Agreement, the Merger and the other transactions contemplated by the Merger and
the Merger Agreement and to vote their shares against any acquisition proposal
from a third-party.
F-59
Insignia Financial Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)
22. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS (CONTINUED)
PROPOSED CB RICHARD ELLIS MERGER (CONTINUED)
In early 2003, Insignia sold two minority-owned assets in the ordinary course of
business and continues to consider or explore potentially selling certain other
existing real estate investments, as permitted by the Merger Agreement, in an
effort to provide additional Common Merger Consideration to the holders of
Common Stock, options, warrants and unvested restricted stock. Due to the
limited time available to market such investment assets for potential sale prior
to the closing of the Merger, which is expected to occur no later than July 14,
2003, there can be no assurances that any asset sales would not result in
losses.
In the event that the proposed Merger is consummated, Blackacre has agreed to
the conversion of the convertible preferred stock into a cash amount equal to
the stated value of $100.00 per share plus accrued and unpaid dividends. In
addition, borrowings under the subordinated credit agreement would be repaid and
the credit agreement terminated simultaneous with the closing of the Merger.
SALE OF INSIGNIA RESIDENTIAL GROUP AND INSIGNIA DOUGLAS ELLIMAN
On March 14, 2003, Insignia completed the sale of its New York-based residential
businesses, Insignia Residential Group and Insignia Douglas Elliman, to Montauk
Battery Realty, LLC. The financial terms of the sale included the payment of
$66.75 million to Insignia at closing and a potential additional $1.0 million
receivable one year from closing. In addition, the buyer acceded to additional
contingent earnout obligations of Insignia Douglas Elliman totaling up to $4.0
million, depending on the future performance of the business. Insignia will
discontinue the operations of these businesses for financial reporting purposes
in the first quarter of 2003. These residential businesses collectively produced
service revenues in 2002, 2001 and 2000 of $133.7 million, $119.2 million and
$134.1 million, respectively. Simultaneous with closing, Insignia paid down
$67.0 million on its senior revolving credit facility, decreasing outstanding
borrowings to $28.0 million.