UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-K/A
(Amendment No. 1)
(Mark One)
x | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended September 26, 2009
or
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission file number: 000-10030
Apple Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
California | 94-2404110 | |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
1 Infinite Loop Cupertino, California |
95014 | |
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) |
Registrants telephone number, including area code: (408) 996-1010
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Common Stock, no par value | The NASDAQ Global Select Market | |
(Title of class) | (Name of exchange on which registered) |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
Yes ¨ No x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of large accelerated filer, accelerated filer and smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer x |
Accelerated filer |
¨ | ||||
Non-accelerated filer ¨ |
(Do not check if smaller reporting company) |
Smaller Reporting Company |
¨ |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).
Yes ¨ No x
The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, as of March 28, 2009, was approximately $94,593,000,000 based upon the closing price reported for such date on the NASDAQ Global Select Market. For purposes of this disclosure, shares of common stock held by persons who hold more than 5% of the outstanding shares of common stock and shares held by executive officers and directors of the registrant have been excluded because such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of executive officer or affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes.
900,678,473 shares of Common Stock Issued and Outstanding as of October 16, 2009
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
(1) Portions of the registrants definitive Proxy Statement relating to its 2010 Annual Meeting of Shareholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K where indicated. Such Proxy Statement will be filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year to which this report relates.
Parts of this Amendment No. 1 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Many of the forward-looking statements are located in Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. Forward-looking statements provide current expectations of future events based on certain assumptions and include any statement that does not directly relate to any historical or current fact. Forward-looking statements can also be identified by words such as anticipates, believes, estimates, expects, intends, plans, predicts, and similar terms. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and the Companys actual results may differ significantly from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in the subsection entitled Risk Factors under Part I, Item 1A of the Form 10-K for the year ended September 26, 2009 that was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 27, 2009. All information presented herein is based on the Companys fiscal calendar. Unless otherwise stated, references in this report to particular years or quarters refer to the Companys fiscal years ended in September and the associated quarters of those fiscal years. The Company assumes no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements for any reason, except as required by law.
Explanatory Note
Apple Inc. (the Company) is filing this Amendment No. 1 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K (the Form 10-K/A) to amend its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 26, 2009, which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on October 27, 2009 (the Original Filing and together with the Form 10-K/A, the Form 10-K). As amended by this Form 10-K/A, the Form 10-K reflects the Companys retrospective adoption of the Financial Accounting Standards Boards (FASB) amended accounting standards related to revenue recognition for arrangements with multiple deliverables and arrangements that include software elements (new accounting principles). The new accounting principles permit prospective or retrospective adoption, and the Company elected retrospective adoption. The Company adopted the new accounting principles during the first quarter of 2010, as reflected in the Companys financial statements included in its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 26, 2009, which was filed with the SEC on January 25, 2010. The new accounting principles significantly change how the Company accounts for certain revenue arrangements that include both hardware and software elements as described further below.
Under the historical accounting principles, the Company was required to account for sales of both iPhone and Apple TV using subscription accounting because the Company indicated it might from time-to-time provide future unspecified software upgrades and features for those products free of charge. Under subscription accounting, revenue and associated product cost of sales for iPhone and Apple TV were deferred at the time of sale and recognized on a straight-line basis over each products estimated economic life. This resulted in the deferral of significant amounts of revenue and cost of sales related to iPhone and Apple TV. Costs incurred by the Company for engineering, sales, marketing and warranty were expensed as incurred. As of September 26, 2009, based on the historical accounting principles, total accumulated deferred revenue and deferred costs associated with past iPhone and Apple TV sales were $12.1 billion and $5.2 billion, respectively.
The new accounting principles generally require the Company to account for the sale of both iPhone and Apple TV as two deliverables. The first deliverable is the hardware and software delivered at the time of sale, and the second deliverable is the right included with the purchase of iPhone and Apple TV to receive on a when-and-if-available basis future unspecified software upgrades and features relating to the products software. The new accounting principles result in the recognition of substantially all of the revenue and product costs from sales of iPhone and Apple TV at the time of sale. Additionally, the Company is required to estimate a standalone selling price for the unspecified software upgrade right included with the sale of iPhone and Apple TV and recognizes that amount ratably over the 24-month estimated life of the related hardware device. For all periods presented, the Companys estimated selling price for the software upgrade right included with each iPhone and Apple TV sold is $25 and $10, respectively. The adoption of the new accounting principles increased the Companys net sales by $6.4 billion, $5.0 billion and $572 million for 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. As of
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September 26, 2009, the revised total accumulated deferred revenue associated with iPhone and Apple TV sales to date was $483 million; revised accumulated deferred costs for such sales were zero.
The Company had the option of adopting the new accounting principles on a prospective or retrospective basis. Prospective adoption would have required the Company to apply the new accounting principles to sales beginning in fiscal year 2010 without reflecting the impact of the new accounting principles on iPhone and Apple TV sales made prior to September 2009. Accordingly, the Companys financial results for the two years following adoption would have included the impact of amortizing the significant amounts of deferred revenue and cost of sales related to historical iPhone and Apple TV sales. The Company believes prospective adoption would have resulted in financial information that was not comparable between financial periods because of the significant amount of past iPhone sales; therefore, the Company elected retrospective adoption. Retrospective adoption required the Company to revise its previously issued financial statements as if the new accounting principles had always been applied. The Company believes retrospective adoption provides the most comparable and useful financial information for financial statement users, is more consistent with the information the Companys management uses to evaluate its business, and better reflects the underlying economic performance of the Company. Accordingly, the Company has revised its financial statements for 2009, 2008 and 2007 in this Form 10-K/A to reflect the retrospective adoption of the new accounting principles. There was no impact from the retrospective adoption of the new accounting principles for 2006 and 2005. Those years predated the Companys introduction of iPhone and Apple TV.
Part II, Item 8 under Note 2, Retrospective Adoption of New Accounting Principles in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-K/A provides a discussion of the full effects of the retrospective adoption of the new accounting principles to the Companys previously reported Consolidated Balance Sheets and Consolidated Statements of Operations. This Form 10-K/A amends the following items in the Companys Original Filing to reflect the retrospective adoption of the new accounting principles:
Part II, Item 6. Selected Financial Data
Part II, Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Part IV, Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
This Form 10-K/A includes only items amended due to the retrospective adoption of the new accounting principles. This Form 10-K/A does not attempt to modify or update the disclosures in any other items set forth in the Original Filing. This Form 10-K/A speaks as of September 26, 2009, unless otherwise noted. The Original Filing sets forth the annual disclosures that are unaffected by the retrospective adoption of the new accounting principles. Accordingly, this Form 10-K/A should be read in conjunction with the Original Filing and all filings made with the SEC subsequent to the date of the Original Filing.
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PART II
Item 6. | Selected Financial Data |
The Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 26, 2009 and September 27, 2008, and the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended September 26, 2009, September 27, 2008, and September 29, 2007 have been amended to reflect the impact of the retrospective adoption of the new accounting principles, which has been reflected in the following table. There was no impact from the retrospective adoption of the new accounting principles for the years ended September 30, 2006 and September 24, 2005. Those years predated the Companys introduction of iPhone and Apple TV.
The information set forth below for the five years ended September 26, 2009, is not necessarily indicative of results of future operations, and should be read in conjunction with Part II, Item 7, Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and the consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K to fully understand factors that may affect the comparability of the information presented below (in millions, except share amounts which are reflected in thousands and per share amounts).
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |||||||||||
Net sales |
$ | 42,905 | $ | 37,491 | $ | 24,578 | $ | 19,315 | $ | 13,931 | |||||
Net income |
$ | 8,235 | $ | 6,119 | $ | 3,495 | $ | 1,989 | $ | 1,328 | |||||
Earnings per common share: |
|||||||||||||||
Basic |
$ | 9.22 | $ | 6.94 | $ | 4.04 | $ | 2.36 | $ | 1.64 | |||||
Diluted |
$ | 9.08 | $ | 6.78 | $ | 3.93 | $ | 2.27 | $ | 1.55 | |||||
Cash dividends declared per common share |
$ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | |||||
Shares used in computing earnings per share: |
|||||||||||||||
Basic |
893,016 | 881,592 | 864,595 | 844,058 | 808,439 | ||||||||||
Diluted |
907,005 | 902,139 | 889,292 | 877,526 | 856,878 | ||||||||||
Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities |
$ | 33,992 | $ | 24,490 | $ | 15,386 | $ | 10,110 | $ | 8,261 | |||||
Total assets |
$ | 47,501 | $ | 36,171 | $ | 24,878 | $ | 17,205 | $ | 11,516 | |||||
Long-term debt |
$ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | |||||
Total liabilities |
$ | 15,861 | $ | 13,874 | $ | 10,347 | $ | 7,221 | $ | 4,088 | |||||
Shareholders equity |
$ | 31,640 | $ | 22,297 | $ | 14,531 | $ | 9,984 | $ | 7,428 |
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Item 7. | Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
This section and other parts of this Form 10-K contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements can also be identified by words such as anticipates, expects, believes, plans, predicts, and similar terms. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and the Companys actual results may differ significantly from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in the subsection entitled Risk Factors under Part I, Item 1A of this Form 10-K, which are incorporated herein by reference. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K. All information presented herein is based on the Companys fiscal calendar. Unless otherwise stated, references in this report to particular years or quarters refer to the Companys fiscal years ended in September and the associated quarters of those fiscal years. The Company assumes no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements for any reason, except as required by law.
The following information has been amended to reflect the retrospective adoption of the Financial Accounting Standards Boards (FASB) amended accounting standards related to revenue recognition for arrangements with multiple deliverables and arrangements that include software elements (new accounting principles) on the Companys financial results, which is more fully described in the Explanatory Note immediately preceding Part II, Item 6 and in Part II, Item 8 under Note 2, Retrospective Adoption of New Accounting Principles in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-K.
Executive Overview
The Company designs, manufactures, and markets personal computers, mobile communication devices, and portable digital music and video players and sells a variety of related software, services, peripherals, and networking solutions. The Companys products and services include the Mac line of desktop and portable computers, iPhone, the iPod line of portable digital music and video players, Apple TV, Xserve, a portfolio of consumer and professional software applications, the Mac OS X operating system, third-party digital content and applications through the iTunes Store, and a variety of accessory, service and support offerings. The Company sells its products worldwide through its online stores, its retail stores, its direct sales force, and third-party wholesalers, retailers, and value-added resellers. In addition, the Company sells a variety of third-party Mac, iPhone and iPod compatible products, including application software, printers, storage devices, speakers, headphones, and various other accessories and peripherals through its online and retail stores. The Company sells to consumer, small and mid-sized business (SMB), education, enterprise, government, and creative markets.
The Company is focused on providing innovative products and solutions to consumer, SMB, education, enterprise, government and creative customers that greatly enhance their evolving digital lifestyles and work environments. The Companys overall business strategy is to control the design and development of the hardware and software for all of its products, including the personal computer, mobile communications and consumer electronics devices. The Companys business strategy leverages its unique ability to design and develop its own operating system, hardware, application software, and services to provide its customers new products and solutions with superior ease-of-use, seamless integration, and innovative industrial design. The Company believes continual investment in research and development is critical to the development and enhancement of innovative products and technologies. In conjunction with its strategy, the Company continues to build and host a robust platform for the discovery and delivery of third-party digital content and applications through the iTunes Store. Most recently the Company launched the App Store that allows users to browse, search for, and purchase third-party applications through either a Mac or Windows-based computer or by wirelessly downloading directly to an iPhone or iPod touch. The Company also desires to support a community for the development of third-party products that complement the Companys offerings through its developer programs. The Company is therefore uniquely positioned to offer superior and well-integrated digital lifestyle and productivity solutions.
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The Company participates in several highly competitive markets, including personal computers with its Mac line of personal computers, mobile communications with iPhone, consumer electronics with its iPod product families, and distribution of third-party digital content and applications through its online iTunes Store. While the Company is widely recognized as a leading innovator in the personal computer, mobile communications and consumer electronics markets as well as a leader in the emerging market for distribution of digital content and applications, these markets are highly competitive and subject to aggressive pricing. To remain competitive, the Company believes that increased investment in research and development and marketing and advertising is necessary to maintain or expand its position in the markets where it competes. The Companys research and development spending is focused on further developing its existing Mac line of personal computers, its operating system, application software, iPhone and iPods; developing new digital lifestyle consumer and professional software applications; and investing in new product areas and technologies. The Company also believes increased investment in marketing and advertising programs is critical to increasing product and brand awareness.
The Company utilizes a variety of direct and indirect distribution channels. The Company believes that sales of its innovative and differentiated products are enhanced by knowledgeable salespersons who can convey the value of the hardware, software, and peripheral integration, demonstrate the unique digital lifestyle solutions that are available on Mac computers, and demonstrate the compatibility of the Mac with the Windows platform and networks. The Company further believes providing a high-quality sales and after-sales support experience is critical to attracting new and retaining existing customers. To ensure a high-quality buying experience for its products in which service and education are emphasized, the Company continues to expand and improve its distribution capabilities by opening its own retail stores in the U.S. and in international markets. The Company had 273 stores open as of September 26, 2009.
The Company has also invested in programs to enhance reseller sales, including the Apple Sales Consultant Program, which places Apple employees and contractors at selected third-party reseller locations, and the Apple Premium Reseller Program, through which independently run businesses focus on the Apple platform and provide a high level of customer service and product expertise. The Company believes providing direct contact with its targeted customers is an efficient way to demonstrate the advantages of its Mac computers and other products over those of its competitors. The Company also sells to customers directly through its online stores around the world and through its direct sales force.
The Company distributes iPhone in over 80 countries, through its direct channels, its cellular network carriers distribution channels and certain third-party resellers. The Company has signed multi-year agreements with various cellular network carriers authorizing them to distribute and provide cellular network services for iPhones. These agreements are generally not exclusive with a specific carrier, except in the U.S., Germany, Spain, Ireland and certain other countries.
The Companys iPods are sold through a significant number of distribution points to provide broad access. iPods can be purchased in certain department stores, member-only warehouse stores, large retail chains and specialty retail stores, as well as through the channels for Mac distribution listed above.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and the Companys discussion and analysis of its financial condition and operating results require the Companys management to make judgments, assumptions and estimates that affect the amounts reported in its consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-K describes the significant accounting policies and methods used in the preparation of the Companys consolidated financial statements. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Actual results may differ from these estimates and such differences may be material.
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Management believes the Companys critical accounting policies and estimates are those related to revenue recognition, valuation of marketable securities, allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory valuation and inventory purchase commitments, warranty costs, income taxes, and legal and other contingencies. Management considers these policies critical because they are both important to the portrayal of the Companys financial condition and operating results, and they require management to make judgments and estimates about inherently uncertain matters. The Companys senior management has reviewed these critical accounting policies and related disclosures with the Audit and Finance Committee of the Companys Board of Directors.
Revenue Recognition
Net sales consist primarily of revenue from the sale of hardware, software, digital content and applications, peripherals, and service and support contracts. The Company recognizes revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collection is probable. Product is considered delivered to the customer once it has been shipped and title and risk of loss have been transferred. For most of the Companys product sales, these criteria are met at the time the product is shipped. For online sales to individuals, for some sales to education customers in the U.S., and for certain other sales, the Company defers recognition of revenue until the customer receives the product because the Company retains a portion of the risk of loss on these sales during transit. The Company recognizes revenue from the sale of hardware products (e.g., Mac computers, iPhones, iPods and peripherals), software bundled with hardware that is essential to the functionality of the hardware, and third-party digital content sold on the iTunes Store in accordance with general revenue recognition accounting guidance. The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with industry specific software accounting guidance for the following types of sales transactions: (i) standalone sales of software products, (ii) sales of software upgrades and (iii) sales of software bundled with hardware not essential to the functionality of the hardware.
For multi-element arrangements that include tangible products containing software essential to the tangible products functionality and undelivered software elements relating to the tangible products essential software, the Company allocates revenue to all deliverables based on their relative selling prices. In such circumstances, the new accounting principles establish a hierarchy to determine the selling price to be used for allocating revenue to deliverables as follows: (i) vendor-specific objective evidence of fair value (VSOE), (ii) third-party evidence of selling price (TPE) and (iii) best estimate of the selling price (ESP).
For iPhone, the Company indicated it might from time-to-time provide future unspecified software upgrades and features free of charge to customers. The Company has identified two deliverables generally contained in arrangements involving the sale of iPhone. The first deliverable is the hardware and software essential to the functionality of the hardware device delivered at the time of sale, and the second deliverable is the right included with the purchase of iPhone to receive on a when-and-if-available basis future unspecified software upgrades and features relating to the products essential software. The Company has allocated revenue between these two deliverables using the relative selling price method. Because the Company has neither VSOE nor TPE for the two deliverables, the allocation of revenue has been based on the Companys ESPs. Amounts allocated to the delivered hardware and the related essential software are recognized at the time of sale provided the other conditions for revenue recognition have been met. Amounts allocated to the unspecified software upgrade rights are deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the 24-month estimated life of the related hardware. All product cost of sales, including estimated warranty costs, are generally recognized at the time of sale. Costs for engineering and sales and marketing are expensed as incurred. If the estimated life of the hardware product should change, the future rate of amortization of the revenue allocated to the software upgrade right will also change.
For all periods presented, the Companys ESP for the software upgrade right included with each iPhone sold is $25. The Companys process for determining its ESP for deliverables without VSOE or TPE involves managements judgment. The Companys process considers multiple factors that may vary depending upon the unique facts and circumstances related to each deliverable. The Company believes its customers, particularly
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consumers, would be reluctant to buy unspecified software upgrade rights related to iPhone. This view is primarily based on the fact that upgrade rights do not obligate the Company to provide upgrades at a particular time or at all, and do not specify to customers which upgrades or features will be delivered in the future. Therefore, the Company has concluded if it were to sell upgrade rights on a standalone basis, such as those included with iPhone, the selling price would be relatively low. Key factors considered by the Company in developing the ESPs for iPhone upgrade rights include prices charged by the Company for similar offerings, the Companys historical pricing practices, the nature of the upgrade rights (e.g., unspecified and when-and-if-available), and the relative ESP of the upgrade rights as compared to the total selling price of the product. If the facts and circumstances underlying the factors considered change or should future facts and circumstances lead the Company to consider additional factors, the Companys ESP for software upgrades related to future iPhone sales could change in future periods. If the Companys ESP for the unspecified software upgrade rights related to iPhone had been $5 or 20% higher or lower, the Companys net sales for the year ended September 26, 2009 would have decreased or increased by $50 million as compared to the Companys net sales of $42.9 billion.
The Company records reductions to revenue for estimated commitments related to price protection and for customer incentive programs, including reseller and end-user rebates, and other sales programs and volume-based incentives. For transactions involving price protection, the Company recognizes revenue net of the estimated amount to be refunded, provided the refund amount can be reasonably and reliably estimated and the other conditions for revenue recognition have been met. The Companys policy requires that, if refunds cannot be reliably estimated, revenue is not recognized until reliable estimates can be made or the price protection lapses. For customer incentive programs, the estimated cost of these programs is recognized at the later of the date at which the Company has sold the product or the date at which the program is offered. The Company also records reductions to revenue for expected future product returns based on the Companys historical experience. Future market conditions and product transitions may require the Company to increase customer incentive programs and incur incremental price protection obligations that could result in additional reductions to revenue at the time such programs are offered. Additionally, certain customer incentive programs require management to estimate the number of customers who will actually redeem the incentive. Managements estimates are based on historical experience and the specific terms and conditions of particular incentive programs. If a greater than estimated proportion of customers redeem such incentives, the Company would be required to record additional reductions to revenue, which would have a negative impact on the Companys results of operations.
Valuation and Impairment of Marketable Securities
The Companys investments in available-for-sale securities are reported at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses related to changes in the fair value of investments are included in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax, as reported in the Companys Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes in the fair value of investments impact the Companys net income only when such investments are sold or an other-than-temporary impairment is recognized. Realized gains and losses on the sale of securities are determined by specific identification of each securitys cost basis. The Company regularly reviews its investment portfolio to determine if any investment is other-than-temporarily impaired due to changes in credit risk or other potential valuation concerns, which would require the Company to record an impairment charge in the period any such determination is made. In making this judgment, the Company evaluates, among other things, the duration and extent to which the fair value of an investment is less than its cost, the financial condition of the issuer and any changes thereto, and the Companys intent to sell, or whether it is more likely than not it will be required to sell, the investment before recovery of the investments amortized cost basis. The Companys assessment on whether an investment is other-than-temporarily impaired or not, could change in the future due to new developments or changes in assumptions related to any particular investment.
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Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
The Company distributes its products through third-party distributors, cellular network carriers, and resellers and directly to certain education, consumer, and enterprise customers. The Company generally does not require collateral from its customers; however, the Company will require collateral in certain instances to limit credit risk. In addition, when possible the Company does attempt to limit credit risk on trade receivables with credit insurance for certain customers in Latin America, Europe, Asia, and Australia, or by requiring third-party financing, loans or leases to support credit exposure. These credit-financing arrangements are directly between the third-party financing company and the end customer. As such, the Company generally does not assume any recourse or credit-risk-sharing related to any of these arrangements. However, considerable trade receivables that are not covered by collateral, third-party financing arrangements, or credit insurance are outstanding with the Companys distribution and retail channel partners.
The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on managements assessment of the ability to collect specific customer accounts and includes consideration of the credit-worthiness and financial condition of those specific customers. The Company records an allowance to reduce the specific receivables to the amount that it reasonably believes to be collectible. The Company also records an allowance for all other trade receivables based on multiple factors, including historical experience with bad debts, the general economic environment, the financial condition of the Companys distribution channels, and the aging of such receivables. If there is a deterioration of a major customers financial condition, if the Company becomes aware of additional information related to the credit-worthiness of a major customer, or if future actual default rates on trade receivables in general differ from those currently anticipated, the Company may have to adjust its allowance for doubtful accounts, which would affect its results of operations in the period the adjustments are made.
Inventory Valuation and Inventory Purchase Commitments
The Company must order components for its products and build inventory in advance of product shipments. The Company records a write-down for inventories of components and products, including third-party products held for resale, which have become obsolete or are in excess of anticipated demand or net realizable value. The Company performs a detailed review of inventory each fiscal quarter that considers multiple factors including demand forecasts, product life cycle status, product development plans, current sales levels, and component cost trends. The personal computer, mobile communications and consumer electronics industries are subject to a rapid and unpredictable pace of product and component obsolescence and demand changes. If future demand or market conditions for the Companys products are less favorable than forecasted or if unforeseen technological changes negatively impact the utility of component inventory, the Company may be required to record additional write-downs, which would negatively affect its results of operations in the period when the write-downs were recorded.
The Company records accruals for estimated cancellation fees related to component orders that have been cancelled or are expected to be cancelled. Consistent with industry practice, the Company acquires components through a combination of purchase orders, supplier contracts, and open orders based on projected demand information. These commitments typically cover the Companys requirements for periods ranging from 30 to 150 days. If there is an abrupt and substantial decline in demand for one or more of the Companys products or an unanticipated change in technological requirements for any of the Companys products, the Company may be required to record additional accruals for cancellation fees that would negatively affect its results of operations in the period when the cancellation fees are identified and recorded.
Warranty Costs
The Company provides for the estimated cost of hardware and software warranties at the time the related revenue is recognized based on historical and projected warranty claim rates, historical and projected cost-per-claim, and knowledge of specific product failures that are outside of the Companys typical experience. Each quarter, the Company reevaluates its estimates to assess the adequacy of its recorded warranty liabilities considering the size of the installed base of products subject to warranty protection and adjusts the amounts as necessary. If actual
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product failure rates or repair costs differ from estimates, revisions to the estimated warranty liability would be required and could materially affect the Companys results of operations.
The Company periodically provides updates to its applications and operating system software to maintain the softwares compliance with specifications. The estimated cost to develop such updates is accounted for as warranty cost that is recognized at the time related software revenue is recognized. Factors considered in determining appropriate accruals related to such updates include the number of units delivered, the number of updates expected to occur, and the historical cost and estimated future cost of the resources necessary to develop these updates.
Income Taxes
The Company records a tax provision for the anticipated tax consequences of the reported results of operations. In accordance with GAAP, the provision for income taxes is computed using the asset and liability method, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and for operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the currently enacted tax rates that apply to taxable income in effect for the years in which those tax assets are expected to be realized or settled. The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is believed more likely than not to be realized.
The Company recognizes and measures uncertain tax positions in accordance with GAAP, whereby the Company only recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such positions are then measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement.
Management believes it is more likely than not that forecasted income, including income that may be generated as a result of certain tax planning strategies, together with the tax effects of the deferred tax liabilities, will be sufficient to fully recover the deferred tax assets. In the event that the Company determines all or part of the net deferred tax assets are not realizable in the future, the Company will make an adjustment to the valuation allowance that would be charged to earnings in the period such determination is made. In addition, the calculation of tax liabilities involves significant judgment in estimating the impact of uncertainties in the application of GAAP and complex tax laws. Resolution of these uncertainties in a manner inconsistent with managements expectations could have a material impact on the Companys financial condition and operating results.
Legal and Other Contingencies
As discussed in Part I, Item 3 of this Form 10-K under the heading Legal Proceedings and in Note 9, Commitments and Contingencies in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company is subject to various legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. In accordance with GAAP, the Company records a liability when it is probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount is reasonably estimable. There is significant judgment required in both the probability determination and as to whether an exposure can be reasonably estimated. In managements opinion, the Company does not have a potential liability related to any current legal proceedings and claims that would individually or in the aggregate materially adversely affect its financial condition or operating results. However, the outcomes of legal proceedings and claims brought against the Company are subject to significant uncertainty. Should the Company fail to prevail in any of these legal matters or should several of these legal matters be resolved against the Company in the same reporting period, the operating results of a particular reporting period could be materially adversely affected.
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Net Sales
Fiscal years 2009, 2008 and 2007 spanned 52 weeks. An additional week is included in the first fiscal quarter approximately every six years to realign fiscal quarters with calendar quarters.
The following table summarizes net sales and Mac unit sales by operating segment and net sales and unit sales by product during the three years ended September 26, 2009 (in millions, except unit sales in thousands and per unit amounts):
2009 | Change | 2008 | Change | 2007 | |||||||||
Net Sales by Operating Segment: |
|||||||||||||
Americas net sales |
$ | 18,887 | 15% | $ | 16,447 | 38% | $ | 11,907 | |||||
Europe net sales |
11,810 | 28% | 9,233 | 69% | 5,469 | ||||||||
Japan net sales |
2,279 | 32% | 1,728 | 59% | 1,084 | ||||||||
Retail net sales |
6,656 | (9)% | 7,292 | 67% | 4,362 | ||||||||
Other Segments net sales (a) |
3,273 | 17% | 2,791 | 59% | 1,756 | ||||||||
Total net sales |
$ | 42,905 | 14% | $ | 37,491 | 53% | $ | 24,578 | |||||
Mac Unit Sales by Operating Segment: |
|||||||||||||
Americas Mac unit sales |
4,120 | 4% | 3,980 | 32% | 3,019 | ||||||||
Europe Mac unit sales |
2,840 | 13% | 2,519 | 39% | 1,816 | ||||||||
Japan Mac unit sales |
395 | 2% | 389 | 29% | 302 | ||||||||
Retail Mac unit sales |
2,115 | 4% | 2,034 | 47% | 1,386 | ||||||||
Other Segments Mac unit sales (a) |
926 | 17% | 793 | 50% | 528 | ||||||||
Total Mac unit sales |
10,396 | 7% | 9,715 | 38% | 7,051 | ||||||||
Net Sales by Product: |
|||||||||||||
Desktops (b) |
$ | 4,324 | (23)% | $ | 5,622 | 40% | $ | 4,023 | |||||
Portables (c) |
9,535 | 9% | 8,732 | 38% | 6,313 | ||||||||
Total Mac net sales |
13,859 | (3)% | 14,354 | 39% | 10,336 | ||||||||
iPod |
8,091 | (12)% | 9,153 | 10% | 8,305 | ||||||||
Other music related products and services (d) |
4,036 | 21% | 3,340 | 34% | 2,496 | ||||||||
iPhone and related products and services (e) |
13,033 | 93% | 6,742 | NM | 630 | ||||||||
Peripherals and other hardware (f) |
1,475 | (13)% | 1,694 | 30% | 1,303 | ||||||||
Software, service and other sales (g) |
2,411 | 9% | 2,208 | 46% | 1,508 | ||||||||
Total net sales |
$ | 42,905 | 14% | $ | 37,491 | 53% | $ | 24,578 | |||||
Unit Sales by Product: |
|||||||||||||
Desktops (b) |
3,182 | (14)% | 3,712 | 37% | 2,714 | ||||||||
Portables (c) |
7,214 | 20% | 6,003 | 38% | 4,337 | ||||||||
Total Mac unit sales |
10,396 | 7% | 9,715 | 38% | 7,051 | ||||||||
Net sales per Mac unit sold (h) |
$ | 1,333 | (10)% | $ | 1,478 | 1% | $ | 1,466 | |||||
iPod unit sales |
54,132 | (1)% | 54,828 | 6% | 51,630 | ||||||||
Net sales per iPod unit sold (i) |
$ | 149 | (11)% | $ | 167 | 4% | $ | 161 | |||||
iPhone units sold |
20,731 | 78% | 11,627 | NM | 1,389 | ||||||||
(a) | Other Segments include Asia Pacific and FileMaker. |
(b) | Includes iMac, Mac mini, Mac Pro and Xserve product lines. |
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(c) | Includes MacBook, MacBook Air and MacBook Pro product lines. |
(d) | Consists of iTunes Store sales, iPod services, and Apple-branded and third-party iPod accessories. |
(e) | Derived from handset sales, carrier agreements, and Apple-branded and third-party iPhone accessories. |
(f) | Includes sales of displays, wireless connectivity and networking solutions, and other hardware accessories. |
(g) | Includes sales of Apple-branded operating system and application software, third-party software, AppleCare and Internet services. |
(h) | Derived by dividing total Mac net sales by total Mac unit sales. |
(i) | Derived by dividing total iPod net sales by total iPod unit sales. |
NM = Not Meaningful
Fiscal Year 2009 versus 2008
Net sales during 2009 increased $5.4 billion or 14% compared to 2008. Several factors contributed positively to these increases, including the following:
| iPhone revenue and net sales of related products and services amounted to $13.0 billion in 2009, an increase of $6.3 billion or 93% compared to 2008. The year-over-year iPhone revenue growth is largely attributable to the year-over-year increase in iPhone handset unit sales. iPhone handset unit sales totaled 20.7 million during 2009, which represents an increase of 9.1 million or 78% during 2009 compared to 2008. This growth is attributed primarily to expanded distribution and strong overall demand for iPhones. iPhone 3GS was released in the U.S. on June 19, 2009 and in many other countries over the remainder of 2009. iPhone revenue includes handset revenue recognized and revenue from sales of iPhone accessories and carrier agreements. |
| Net sales of other music-related products and services increased $696 million or 21% during 2009 compared to 2008. The increase was due predominantly to increased net sales of third-party digital content and applications from the iTunes Store, which experienced double-digit growth in each of the Companys geographic segments during 2009 compared to the same period in 2008. The Company believes this continued growth is the result of heightened consumer interest in downloading third-party digital content and applications, continued growth in its customer base of iPod and iPhone customers, the expansion of third-party audio and video content available for sale and rent via the iTunes Store, and the continued interest in and growth of the App Store. The Company continues to expand its iTunes content and applications offerings around the world. |
Partially offsetting the favorable factors discussed above, net sales during 2009 were negatively impacted by certain factors, including the following:
| Net sales of iPods decreased $1.1 billion or 12% during 2009 compared to 2008. iPod unit sales decreased slightly by 1% during 2009 compared to 2008. Net sales per iPod unit sold decreased 11% to $149 in 2009 compared to 2008, resulting from lower average selling prices across all of the iPod product lines, which were due primarily to price reductions taken with the introduction of new iPods in September 2009 and September 2008 and a stronger U.S. dollar, offset partially by a higher product mix of iPod touch. |
| Mac net sales declined 3% during 2009 compared to 2008, although Mac unit sales increased by 7% over the same period. Net sales per Mac unit sold decreased by 10% during 2009 compared to 2008, due primarily to lower average selling prices across all Mac portable and desktop systems and a stronger U.S. dollar. Net sales of Macs accounted for 32% of the Companys total net sales for 2009. During 2009, Mac portable systems net sales and unit sales increased by 9% and 20%, respectively, compared to 2008. This growth was driven by strong demand for MacBook Pro, which was updated in June 2009 and October 2008, and experienced double digit net sales and unit growth in each of the Companys reportable operating segments compared to the same period in 2008. The Company also had a higher product mix of portable systems, which is consistent with the overall market trends. However, net sales and unit sales of the Companys Mac desktop systems decreased by 23% and 14%, |
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respectively, during 2009 compared to 2008. The decrease in net sales of Mac desktop systems was due mainly to a shift in product mix towards lower-priced desktops, lower average selling prices across all Mac desktop systems and a stronger U.S. dollar. |
Fiscal Year 2008 versus 2007
Net sales during 2008 increased $12.9 billion or 53% from 2007. Several factors contributed to these increases including the following:
| Net sales of iPhone and related products and services were $6.7 billion for 2008, with iPhone handset unit sales totaling 11.6 million. Net sales of iPhone and related products and services were $630 million in 2007, which represented sales for slightly more than one fiscal quarter. iPhone revenue includes handset revenue recognized and revenue from sales of iPhone accessories and carrier agreements. |
| Mac net sales increased $4.0 billion or 39% during 2008 compared to 2007, while Mac unit sales increased by 2.7 million units or 38%. Net sales related to the Companys Mac shipments accounted for 38% of the Companys total net revenue in 2008. Higher Mac unit sales, which contributed to the increases in net sales, were driven by higher sales of all of the Companys Mac portable products as well as the popularity of the iMac, which experienced strong growth in net sales and unit sales in all of the Companys reportable segments. Unit sales of the Companys Mac portable products accounted for 62% of the Companys personal computer shipments in both 2008 and 2007. Net sales and unit sales of the Companys Mac portable products both increased by 38% during 2008 compared to 2007. This growth was attributable to strong demand for all the Mac portable products, particularly the MacBook, which had double-digit growth in all of the Companys operating segments, and the addition of the MacBook Air, which was introduced to the Companys Mac portable product line in January 2008. Growth of the Companys Mac desktop systems was also strong, with increased net sales and unit sales of 40% and 37%, respectively, during 2008 due primarily to strong sales of the iMac in all of the Companys operating segments. |
| Net sales of iPods increased $848 million or 10% during 2008 compared to 2007 and unit sales of iPods increased 6% compared to 2007. The iPod unit growth was due to strong demand for the iPod touch, and to a lesser extent, higher unit sales of the iPod shuffle due to a price reduction in February 2008. iPod net sales grew faster than iPod unit sales due to higher average selling prices caused by a shift in overall iPod product mix to the higher priced iPod touch. |
| Net sales of other music related products and services increased $844 million or 34% during 2008 compared to 2007, due primarily to significantly increased net sales from the iTunes Store in each of the Companys geographic segments. The Company believes this success is the result of heightened consumer interest in downloading third-party digital content, the expansion of third-party audio and video content available for sale and rent via the iTunes Store, and the launch of the iTunes App Store. The Company continues to expand its iTunes content offerings around the world. |
Segment Operating Performance
The Company manages its business primarily on a geographic basis. The Companys reportable operating segments consist of the Americas, Europe, Japan and Retail. The Americas, Europe and Japan reportable segments do not include activities related to the Retail segment. The Americas segment includes both North and South America. The Europe segment includes European countries as well as the Middle East and Africa. The Retail segment operates Apple-owned retail stores in the U.S. and in international markets. Each reportable geographic operating segment and the Retail operating segment provide similar hardware and software products and similar services. Further information regarding the Companys operating segments may be found in Note 10, Segment Information and Geographic Data in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-K. Under the historical subscription accounting methodology no single customer accounted for more than 10% of
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net sales in 2009; under the new accounting principles that were retrospectively adopted in the first quarter of 2010, however, one of the Companys customers represented 11% of net sales in 2009. There was no single customer that accounted for more than 10% of net sales in 2008 or 2007 under the historical subscription accounting methodology or the new accounting principles.
Americas
During 2009, net sales in the Americas segment increased $2.4 billion or 15% compared to 2008. The increase in net sales during 2009 was attributable to the significant year-over-year increase in iPhone revenue, higher sales of third-party digital content and applications from the iTunes Store, and increased sales of Mac portable systems, which were partially offset by a decrease in sales of Mac desktop systems and iPods. Americas Mac net sales decreased 6% due primarily to lower average selling prices, while Mac unit sales increased by 4% on a year-over-year basis. The increase in Mac unit sales was due primarily to strong demand for the MacBook Pro, which was updated in June 2009 and October 2008. The Americas segment represented approximately 44% of the Companys total net sales in both 2009 and 2008.
During 2008, net sales in the Americas segment increased $4.5 billion or 38% compared to 2007. The primary drivers of this growth were the significant year-over-year increase in sales of iPhone, iPod touch, Mac portable systems, and content from the iTunes Store. The Company began shipping iPhone in June 2007 and the growth in iPhone sales in 2008 resulted from a full year of iPhone shipments as well as stronger demand for iPhones in the fourth quarter of 2008. The increase in Mac net sales of $1.4 billion or 31% and Mac unit sales of 961 million or 32% is attributable to growth in sales of all of the Mac portable systems, particularly the MacBook, and higher sales of the iMac. Net sales of iPods increased due to a shift in product mix toward higher priced iPods, particularly the iPod touch, which was upgraded in June 2008. In 2008, the Americas segment represented 44% of the Companys total net sales as compared to 48% in 2007.
Europe
During 2009, net sales in Europe increased $2.6 billion or 28% compared to 2008. The increase in net sales was due mainly to increased iPhone revenue and strong sales of Mac portable systems, offset partially by lower net sales of Mac desktop systems, iPods, and a stronger U.S. dollar. Mac unit sales increased 13% in 2009 compared to 2008, which was driven primarily by increased sales of Mac portable systems, particularly MacBook Pro, while total Mac net sales declined as a result of lower average selling prices across all Mac products. Although iPod net sales decreased in Europe year-over-year as a result of lower average selling prices, iPod unit sales increased due to iPod touch and market share increases. The Europe segment represented 28% and 25% of total net sales in 2009 and 2008, respectively.
Europes net sales increased $3.8 billion or 69% during 2008 compared to 2007. The main drivers of this growth were strong sales of iPhone, Mac portable systems and iMac, and increased sales from the iTunes Store. Also contributing to the increase in net sales were higher iPod net sales due primarily to the iPod touch, which was upgraded in June 2008. Sales of Mac portable products increased due to stronger demand for the MacBook Pro and the MacBook, both updated in February 2008, as well as sales of the MacBook Air, introduced in January 2008. Mac desktop sales also increased due primarily to the popularity of the iMac, which was updated in April 2008. The Europe segment represented 25% and 22% of total net sales in 2008 and 2007, respectively.
Japan
Japans net sales increased $551 million or 32% in 2009 compared to 2008. The key contributors to this growth were increased iPhone revenue, stronger demand for certain Mac portable systems and iPods, and strength in the Japanese Yen, partially offset by decreased sales of Mac desktop systems. Net sales and unit sales of Mac portable systems increased during 2009 compared to 2008, driven primarily by stronger demand for MacBook Pro, which was updated in June 2009 and October 2008. Net sales and unit sales of iPods increased during 2009 compared to 2008, driven by strong demand for iPod touch and iPod nano.
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Japan net sales increased $644 million or 59% in 2008 compared to 2007. The primary contributors to the growth in net sales were increases in sales of iPhones, iPods, iMac, Mac portable systems, and strong sales from the iTunes Store. Net sales, unit sales and the average selling price of iPods increased during 2008 compared to 2007, driven by strong demand for iPod touch and iPod nano. Additionally, Mac net sales and unit sales grew 42% and 29%, respectively, in 2008 compared to 2007 due to increases in sales of iMac and Mac portable systems, particularly MacBook, as well as the introduction of MacBook Air in January 2008.
Retail
Retail net sales decreased $636 million or 9% during 2009 compared to 2008. The decline in net sales was driven largely by a decrease in net sales of iPhones, iPods and Mac desktop systems, offset partially by strong demand for Mac portable systems. The Company opened 26 new retail stores during 2009, including a total of 14 international stores, ending the year with 273 stores open. This compares to 247 stores open as of September 27, 2008 and 197 open stores as of September 29, 2007.
The year-over-year decline in Retail net sales is attributable to continued third-party channel expansion, particularly in the U.S. where most of the Companys stores are located, and also reflects the challenging consumer-spending environment. With an average of 254 stores and 211 stores opened during 2009 and 2008, respectively, average revenue per store decreased to $26.2 million for 2009 from $34.6 million in 2008.
The Retail segments net sales grew by $2.9 billion or 67% during 2008 compared to 2007, due in large part to strong demand for the iPhone, increased sales of Mac portable and desktop systems, increased sales of iPod touch and new store openings. The Company opened 50 new retail stores during 2008, bringing the total number of open stores to 247 as of September 27, 2008. This compares to 197 open stores as of September 29, 2007. With an average of 211 stores and 178 stores opened during 2008 and 2007, respectively, average revenue per store increased to $34.6 million for 2008 from $24.5 million in 2007.
As measured by the Companys operating segment reporting, the Retail segment reported operating income of $1.7 billion during 2009 and 2008, and $876 million during 2007. Despite the year-over-year decline in Retail net sales, the Retail segments operating income was flat at $1.7 billion in 2009 and 2008 due primarily to a higher gross margin percentage consistent with that experienced by the overall company. The Retail segments operating income increased by $785 million during 2008 as compared to 2007 due primarily to the significant Retail net sales growth of 67% as compared to 2007.
Expansion of the Retail segment has required and will continue to require a substantial investment in fixed assets and related infrastructure, operating lease commitments, personnel, and other operating expenses. Capital asset purchases associated with the Retail segment were $369 million in 2009, bringing the total capital asset purchases since inception of the Retail segment to $1.8 billion. As of September 26, 2009, the Retail segment had approximately 16,500 full-time equivalent employees and had outstanding operating lease commitments associated with retail store space and related facilities of $1.5 billion. The Company would incur substantial costs if it were to close multiple retail stores. Such costs could adversely affect the Companys financial condition and operating results.
Other Segments
The Companys Other Segments, which consist of its Asia Pacific and FileMaker operations, experienced an increase in net sales of $482 million, or 17%, during 2009 as compared to 2008 reflecting strong growth in sales of iPhone and Mac portable systems offset partially by a decline in sales related to iPods and Mac desktop systems in the Asia Pacific region, as well as a strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the Australian dollar and other Asian currencies. Mac net sales and unit sales grew in the Asia Pacific region by 4% and 17%, respectively, due to increased sales of the MacBook Pro.
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The Companys Other Segments experienced an increase in net sales of $1.0 billion, or 59% during 2008 as compared to 2007. These increases are related primarily to strong growth in sales of iPhone, Mac portable systems, iPods and iMac in the Companys Asia Pacific region. Sales from the iTunes Store in the Companys Asia Pacific region grew 109% compared to 2007.
Gross Margin
Gross margin for the three years ended September 26, 2009, are as follows (in millions, except gross margin percentages):
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||||
Net sales |
$ | 42,905 | $ | 37,491 | $ | 24,578 | |||
Cost of sales |
25,683 | 24,294 | 16,426 | ||||||
Gross margin |
$ | 17,222 | $ | 13,197 | $ | 8,152 | |||
Gross margin percentage |
40.1% | 35.2% | 33.2% |
The gross margin percentage in 2009 was 40.1% compared to 35.2% in 2008. The primary contributors of the increase in 2009 as compared to 2008 were a favorable sales mix toward products with higher gross margins and lower commodity and other product costs, which were partially offset by product price reductions.
The gross margin percentage in 2008 was 35.2% compared to 33.2% in 2007. The primary contributors of the increase in 2008 as compared to 2007 were a favorable sales mix toward products with higher gross margins and lower commodity costs, which were partially offset by higher other product costs. In 2007, gross margin was impacted by higher than expected costs associated with the initial iPhone product launch.
Operating Expenses
Operating expenses for the three years ended September 26, 2009, are as follows (in millions, except for percentages):
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||||
Research and development |
$ | 1,333 | $ | 1,109 | $ | 782 | |||
Percentage of net sales |
3.1% | 3.0% | 3.2% | ||||||
Selling, general and administrative |
$ | 4,149 | $ | 3,761 | $ | 2,963 | |||
Percentage of net sales |
9.7% | 10.0% | 12.1% |
Research and Development (R&D)
R&D expenditures increased 20% or $224 million to $1.3 billion in 2009 compared to 2008. These increases were due primarily to an increase in headcount in the current year to support expanded R&D activities and higher stock-based compensation expenses. In addition, $71 million of software development costs were capitalized related to Mac OS X Snow Leopard and excluded from R&D expense during 2009, compared to $11 million of software development costs capitalized during 2008. Although total R&D expense increased 20% during 2009, it remained relatively flat as a percentage of net sales given the 14% increase in revenue in 2009. The Company continues to believe that focused investments in R&D are critical to its future growth and competitive position in the marketplace and are directly related to timely development of new and enhanced products that are central to the Companys core business strategy. As such, the Company expects to make further investments in R&D to remain competitive.
Expenditures for R&D increased 42% or $327 million to $1.1 billion in 2008 compared to 2007. These increases were due primarily to an increase in headcount in 2008 and higher stock-based compensation expenses. In 2008, $11 million of software development costs were capitalized related to Mac OS X Snow Leopard and excluded
15
from R&D expense, while R&D expense for 2007 excluded $75 million of capitalized software development costs related to Mac OS X Leopard and iPhone software. Although total R&D expense increased 42% during 2008, it remained relatively flat as a percentage of net sales given the 53% increase in revenue during 2008.
Selling, General and Administrative Expense (SG&A)
SG&A expenditures increased $388 million or 10% to $4.1 billion in 2009 compared to 2008. These increases are due primarily to the Companys continued expansion of its Retail segment in both domestic and international markets, higher stock-based compensation expenses and higher spending on marketing and advertising.
Expenditures for SG&A increased $798 million or 27% to $3.8 billion in 2008 compared to 2007. These increases are due primarily to higher stock-based compensation expenses, higher variable selling expenses resulting from the significant year-over-year increase in total net sales and the Companys continued expansion of its Retail segment in both domestic and international markets. In addition, the Company incurred higher spending on marketing and advertising during 2008 compared to 2007.
Other Income and Expense
Other income and expense for the three years ended September 26, 2009, are as follows (in millions):
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||
Interest income |
$ | 407 | $ | 653 | $ | 647 | ||||||
Other income (expense), net |
(81 | ) | (33 | ) | (48 | ) | ||||||
Total other income and expense |
$ | 326 | $ | 620 | $ | 599 | ||||||
Total other income and expense decreased $294 million or 47% to $326 million during 2009 compared to $620 million and $599 million in 2008 and 2007, respectively. The overall decrease in other income and expense is attributable to the significant decline in interest rates during 2009 compared to 2008 and 2007, partially offset by the Companys higher cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities balances. The weighted average interest rate earned by the Company on its cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities was 1.43%, 3.44% and 5.27% during 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. During 2009, 2008 and 2007, the Company had no debt outstanding and accordingly did not incur any related interest expense.
The Companys investment portfolio had gross unrealized losses of $16 million and $121 million as of September 26, 2009 and September 27, 2008, respectively, which were offset by gross unrealized gains of $73 million and $4 million as of September 26, 2009 and September 27, 2008, respectively. The net unrealized gains as of September 26, 2009 and the net unrealized losses as of September 27, 2008 related primarily to long-term marketable securities. The Company considers the declines in market value of its marketable securities investment portfolio to be temporary in nature. The unrealized losses on the Companys marketable securities were caused primarily by changes in market interest rates, specifically widening credit spreads. The Company does not have the intent to sell, nor is it more likely than not the Company will be required to sell, any investment before recovery of its amortized cost basis. Accordingly, no material declines in fair value were recognized in the Companys Consolidated Statements of Operations during 2009, 2008 and 2007. The Company may sell certain of its marketable securities prior to their stated maturities for strategic purposes, in anticipation of credit deterioration, or for duration management. The Company recognized no material net gains or losses during 2009, 2008 and 2007 related to such sales.
Provision for Income Taxes
The Companys effective tax rates were 32%, 32% and 30% for 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The Companys effective rates for these periods differ from the statutory federal income tax rate of 35% due primarily to certain undistributed foreign earnings for which no U.S. taxes are provided because such earnings are intended to be indefinitely reinvested outside the U.S.
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As of September 26, 2009, the Company had deferred tax assets arising from deductible temporary differences, tax losses, and tax credits of $1.9 billion before being offset against certain deferred liabilities of $2.8 billion for presentation on the Companys Consolidated Balance Sheet. Management believes it is more likely than not that forecasted income, including income that may be generated as a result of certain tax planning strategies, together with the tax effects of the deferred tax liabilities, will be sufficient to fully recover the deferred tax assets. The Company will continue to evaluate the realizability of deferred tax assets quarterly by assessing the need for and amount of the valuation allowance.
The Internal Revenue Service (the IRS) has completed its field audit of the Companys federal income tax returns for the years 2002 through 2003 and proposed certain adjustments. The Company has contested certain of these adjustments through the IRS Appeals Office. All IRS audit issues for years prior to 2002 have been resolved. In addition, the Company is subject to audits by state, local, and foreign tax authorities. Management believes that adequate provision has been made for any adjustments that may result from tax examinations. However, the outcome of tax audits cannot be predicted with certainty. If any issues addressed in the Companys tax audits are resolved in a manner not consistent with managements expectations, the Company could be required to adjust its provision for income taxes in the period such resolution occurs.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
During the first quarter of 2009, the Company adopted FASB ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (formerly referenced as Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 157, Fair Value Measurements), which defines fair value, provides a framework for measuring fair value, and expands the disclosures required for fair value measurements. In February 2008, the FASB issued supplemental guidance that delays the effective date of this new fair value accounting standard to fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008 for all non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities, except for items that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually) and will be adopted by the Company beginning in the first quarter of 2010. Although the Company will continue to evaluate the application of this accounting standard, management does not currently believe adoption of this accounting pronouncement will have a material impact on the Companys financial condition or operating results.
In December 2007, the FASB issued FASB ASC 805, Business Combinations (formerly referenced as SFAS No. 141 (revised 2007), Business Combinations), which establishes principles and requirements for how an acquirer recognizes and measures in its financial statements the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree in a business combination. This new accounting standard also establishes principles regarding how goodwill acquired in a business combination or a gain from a bargain purchase should be recognized and measured, as well as provides guidelines on the disclosure requirements on the nature and financial impact of the business combination. In April 2009, the FASB amended this new accounting standard to require that assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination that arise from contingencies be recognized at fair value, if the fair value can be determined during the measurement period. This new business combination accounting standard is effective for fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2008 and will be adopted by the Company beginning in the first quarter of 2010 and will apply prospectively to any business combinations completed on or after that date. The effect of adoption of this new accounting pronouncement on the Companys financial condition or operating results will depend on the nature of acquisitions completed after the date of adoption.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
The following table presents selected financial information and statistics as of and for the three years ended September 26, 2009 (in millions):
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||||
Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities |
$ | 33,992 | $ | 24,490 | $ | 15,386 | |||
Accounts receivable, net |
$ | 3,361 | $ | 2,422 | $ | 1,637 | |||
Inventories |
$ | 455 | $ | 509 | $ | 346 | |||
Working capital |
$ | 20,049 | $ | 18,645 | $ | 12,595 | |||
Annual operating cash flow |
$ | 10,159 | $ | 9,596 | $ | 5,470 |
As of September 26, 2009, the Company had $34.0 billion in cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, an increase of $9.5 billion from September 27, 2008. The principal component of this net increase was the cash generated by operating activities of $10.2 billion, which was partially offset by payments for acquisitions of property, plant and equipment of $1.1 billion.
The Companys marketable securities investment portfolio is invested primarily in highly rated securities, generally with a minimum rating of single-A or equivalent. As of September 26, 2009 and September 27, 2008, $17.4 billion and $11.3 billion, respectively, of the Companys cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities were held by foreign subsidiaries and are generally based in U.S. dollar-denominated holdings. The Company believes its existing balances of cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities will be sufficient to satisfy its working capital needs, capital asset purchases, outstanding commitments and other liquidity requirements associated with its existing operations over the next 12 months.
Capital Assets
The Companys cash payments for capital asset purchases were $1.1 billion during 2009, consisting of $369 million for retail store facilities and $775 million for real estate acquisitions and corporate infrastructure including information systems enhancements. The Company anticipates utilizing approximately $1.9 billion for capital asset purchases during 2010, including approximately $400 million for Retail facilities and approximately $1.5 billion for corporate facilities, infrastructure, and product tooling and manufacturing process equipment.
Historically the Company has opened between 25 and 50 new retail stores per year. During 2010, the Company expects to open a number of new stores near the upper end of this range, over half of which are expected to be located outside of the U.S.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Obligations
The Company has not entered into any transactions with unconsolidated entities whereby the Company has financial guarantees, subordinated retained interests, derivative instruments, or other contingent arrangements that expose the Company to material continuing risks, contingent liabilities, or any other obligation under a variable interest in an unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk, or credit risk support to the Company.
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The following table presents certain payments due by the Company under contractual obligations with minimum firm commitments as of September 26, 2009 and excludes amounts already recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as current liabilities (in millions):
Total | Payments Due in Less Than 1 Year |
Payments Due in 1-3 Years |
Payments Due in 4-5 Years |
Payments Due in More Than 5 Years | |||||||||||
Operating leases |
$ | 1,922 | $ | 222 | $ | 462 | $ | 413 | $ | 825 | |||||
Purchase obligations |
4,581 | 4,581 | | | | ||||||||||
Asset retirement obligations |
32 | 4 | 8 | 4 | 16 | ||||||||||
Other obligations |
356 | 175 | 129 | 52 | | ||||||||||
Total |
$ | 6,891 | $ | 4,982 | $ | 599 | $ | 469 | $ | 841 | |||||
Lease Commitments
As of September 26, 2009, the Company had total outstanding commitments on noncancelable operating leases of $1.9 billion, $1.5 billion of which related to the lease of retail space and related facilities. The Companys major facility leases are generally for terms of one to 20 years and generally provide renewal options for terms of one to five additional years. Leases for retail space are for terms of five to 20 years, the majority of which are for ten years, and often contain multi-year renewal options.
Purchase Commitments with Contract Manufacturers and Component Suppliers
The Company utilizes several contract manufacturers to manufacture sub-assemblies for the Companys products and to perform final assembly and test of finished products. These contract manufacturers acquire components and build product based on demand information supplied by the Company, which typically covers periods ranging from 30 to 150 days. The Company also obtains individual components for its products from a wide variety of individual suppliers. Consistent with industry practice, the Company acquires components through a combination of purchase orders, supplier contracts, and open orders based on projected demand information. Such purchase commitments typically cover the Companys forecasted component and manufacturing requirements for periods ranging from 30 to 150 days. As of September 26, 2009, the Company had outstanding off-balance sheet third-party manufacturing commitments and component purchase commitments of $4.6 billion.
The Company has entered into prepaid long-term supply agreements to secure the supply of certain inventory components. During the first quarter of 2009, a long-term supply agreement with Intel Corporation was terminated and the remaining prepaid balance of $167 million was repaid to the Company. During the second and fourth quarters of 2009, the Company made a prepayment of $500 million to LG Display for the purchase of LCD panels and a prepayment of $500 million to Toshiba to purchase NAND flash memory, respectively. As of September 26, 2009, the Company had a total of $1.2 billion of inventory component prepayments outstanding.
Asset Retirement Obligations
The Companys asset retirement obligations are associated with commitments to return property subject to operating leases to original condition upon lease termination. As of September 26, 2009, the Company estimated that gross expected future cash flows of $32 million would be required to fulfill these obligations.
Other Obligations
Other outstanding obligations were $356 million as of September 26, 2009, which related to advertising, research and development, Internet and telecommunications services and other obligations.
19
As of September 26, 2009, the Company had gross unrecognized tax benefits of $971 million and an additional $291 million for gross interest and penalties classified as non-current liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The Company believes it is reasonably possible that tax audit resolutions could reduce its unrecognized tax benefits by between $105 million and $145 million in the next 12 months. At this time, the Company is unable to make a reasonably reliable estimate of the timing of payments in individual years due to uncertainties in the timing of tax audit outcomes; therefore, such amounts are not included in the above contractual obligation table.
Indemnifications
The Company generally does not indemnify end-users of its operating system and application software against legal claims that the software infringes third-party intellectual property rights. Other agreements entered into by the Company sometimes include indemnification provisions under which the Company could be subject to costs and/or damages in the event of an infringement claim against the Company or an indemnified third-party. However, the Company has not been required to make any significant payments resulting from such an infringement claim asserted against it or an indemnified third-party and, in the opinion of management, does not have a liability related to unresolved infringement claims subject to indemnification that would materially adversely affect its financial condition or operating results. Therefore, the Company did not record a liability for infringement costs as of either September 26, 2009 or September 27, 2008.
The Company has entered into indemnification agreements with its directors and executive officers. Under these agreements, the Company has agreed to indemnify such individuals to the fullest extent permitted by law against liabilities that arise by reason of their status as directors or officers and to advance expenses incurred by such individuals in connection with related legal proceedings. It is not possible to determine the maximum potential amount of payments the Company could be required to make under these agreements due to the limited history of prior indemnification claims and the unique facts and circumstances involved in each claim. However, the Company maintains directors and officers liability insurance coverage to reduce its exposure to such obligations, and payments made under these agreements historically have not materially adversely affected the Companys financial condition or operating results.
20
Item 8. | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data |
All financial statement schedules have been omitted, since the required information is not applicable or is not present in amounts sufficient to require submission of the schedule, or because the information required is included in the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto.
21
(in millions, except share amounts)
September 26, 2009 | September 27, 2008 | ||||||
ASSETS: | |||||||
Current assets: |
|||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 5,263 | $ | 11,875 | |||
Short-term marketable securities |
18,201 | 10,236 | |||||
Accounts receivable, less allowances of $52 and $47, respectively |
3,361 | 2,422 | |||||
Inventories |
455 | 509 | |||||
Deferred tax assets |
1,135 | 1,044 | |||||
Other current assets |
3,140 | 3,920 | |||||
Total current assets |
31,555 | 30,006 | |||||
Long-term marketable securities |
10,528 | 2,379 | |||||
Property, plant and equipment, net |
2,954 | 2,455 | |||||
Goodwill |
206 | 207 | |||||
Acquired intangible assets, net |
247 | 285 | |||||
Other assets |
2,011 | 839 | |||||
Total assets |
$ | 47,501 | $ | 36,171 | |||
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY: | |||||||
Current liabilities: |
|||||||
Accounts payable |
$ | 5,601 | $ | 5,520 | |||
Accrued expenses |
3,852 | 4,224 | |||||
Deferred revenue |
2,053 | 1,617 | |||||
Total current liabilities |
11,506 | 11,361 | |||||
Deferred revenue non-current |
853 | 768 | |||||
Other non-current liabilities |
3,502 | 1,745 | |||||
Total liabilities |
15,861 | 13,874 | |||||
Commitments and contingencies |
|||||||
Shareholders equity: |
|||||||
Common stock, no par value; 1,800,000,000 shares authorized; 899,805,500 and 888,325,973 shares issued and outstanding, respectively |
8,210 | 7,177 | |||||
Retained earnings |
23,353 | 15,129 | |||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) |
77 | (9 | ) | ||||
Total shareholders equity |
31,640 | 22,297 | |||||
Total liabilities and shareholders equity |
$ | 47,501 | $ | 36,171 | |||
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
22
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in millions, except share amounts which are reflected in thousands and per share amounts)
Three years ended September 26, 2009 |
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||
Net sales |
$ | 42,905 | $ | 37,491 | $ | 24,578 | |||
Cost of sales |
25,683 | 24,294 | 16,426 | ||||||
Gross margin |
17,222 | 13,197 | 8,152 | ||||||
Operating expenses: |
|||||||||
Research and development |
1,333 | 1,109 | 782 | ||||||
Selling, general and administrative |
4,149 | 3,761 | 2,963 | ||||||
Total operating expenses |
5,482 | 4,870 | 3,745 | ||||||
Operating income |
11,740 | 8,327 | 4,407 | ||||||
Other income and expense |
326 | 620 | 599 | ||||||
Income before provision for income taxes |
12,066 | 8,947 | 5,006 | ||||||
Provision for income taxes |
3,831 | 2,828 | 1,511 | ||||||
Net income |
$ | 8,235 | $ | 6,119 | $ | 3,495 | |||
Earnings per common share: |
|||||||||
Basic |
$ | 9.22 | $ | 6.94 | $ | 4.04 | |||
Diluted |
$ | 9.08 | $ | 6.78 | $ | 3.93 | |||
Shares used in computing earnings per share: |
|||||||||
Basic |
893,016 | 881,592 | 864,595 | ||||||
Diluted |
907,005 | 902,139 | 889,292 |
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
23
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY
(in millions, except share amounts which are reflected in thousands)
Common Stock | Retained Earnings |
Accum- ulated Other Compre- hensive Income |
Total Share- holders Equity |
|||||||||||||||
Shares | Amount | |||||||||||||||||
Balances as of September 30, 2006 |
855,263 | $ | 4,355 | $ | 5,607 | $ | 22 | $ | 9,984 | |||||||||
Components of comprehensive income: |
||||||||||||||||||
Net income |
| | 3,495 | | 3,495 | |||||||||||||
Change in foreign currency translation |
| | | 51 | 51 | |||||||||||||
Change in unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities, net of tax |
| | | (7 | ) | (7 | ) | |||||||||||
Change in unrealized gain on derivative instruments, net of tax |
| | | (3 | ) | (3 | ) | |||||||||||
Total comprehensive income |
3,536 | |||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation |
| 251 | | | 251 | |||||||||||||
Common stock issued under stock plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxes |
17,066 | 364 | (2 | ) | | 362 | ||||||||||||
Tax benefit from employee stock plan awards |
| 398 | | | 398 | |||||||||||||
Balances as of September 29, 2007 |
872,329 | 5,368 | 9,100 | 63 | 14,531 | |||||||||||||
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle |
| 45 | 11 | | 56 | |||||||||||||
Components of comprehensive income: |
||||||||||||||||||
Net income |
| | 6,119 | 6,119 | ||||||||||||||
Change in foreign currency translation |
| | | (28 | ) | (28 | ) | |||||||||||
Change in unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities, net of tax |
| | | (63 | ) | (63 | ) | |||||||||||
Change in unrealized gain on derivative instruments, net of tax |
| | | 19 | 19 | |||||||||||||
Total comprehensive income |
6,047 | |||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation |
| 513 | | | 513 | |||||||||||||
Common stock issued under stock plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxes |
15,888 | 460 | (101 | ) | | 359 | ||||||||||||
Issuance of common stock in connection with an asset acquisition |
109 | 21 | | | 21 | |||||||||||||
Tax benefit from employee stock plan awards |
| 770 | | | 770 | |||||||||||||
Balances as of September 27, 2008 |
888,326 | 7,177 | 15,129 | (9 | ) | 22,297 | ||||||||||||
Components of comprehensive income: |
||||||||||||||||||
Net income |
| | 8,235 | | 8,235 | |||||||||||||
Change in foreign currency translation |
| | | (14 | ) | (14 | ) | |||||||||||
Change in unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities, net of tax |
| | | 118 | 118 | |||||||||||||
Change in unrealized gain on derivative instruments, net of tax |
| | | (18 | ) | (18 | ) | |||||||||||
Total comprehensive income |
8,321 | |||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation |
| 707 | | | 707 | |||||||||||||
Common stock issued under stock plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxes |
11,480 | 404 | (11 | ) | | 393 | ||||||||||||
Tax benefit from employee stock plan awards, including transfer pricing adjustments |
| (78 | ) | | | (78 | ) | |||||||||||
Balances as of September 26, 2009 |
899,806 | $ | 8,210 | $ | 23,353 | $ | 77 | $ | 31,640 | |||||||||
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
24
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in millions)
Three years ended September 26, 2009 |
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of the year |
$ | 11,875 | $ | 9,352 | $ | 6,392 | ||||||
Operating Activities: |
||||||||||||
Net income |
8,235 | 6,119 | 3,495 | |||||||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash generated by operating activities: |
||||||||||||
Depreciation, amortization and accretion |
734 | 496 | 327 | |||||||||
Stock-based compensation expense |
710 | 516 | 242 | |||||||||
Deferred income tax expense |
1,040 | 398 | 73 | |||||||||
Loss on disposition of property, plant and equipment |
26 | 22 | 12 | |||||||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |
||||||||||||
Accounts receivable, net |
(939 | ) | (785 | ) | (385 | ) | ||||||
Inventories |
54 | (163 | ) | (76 | ) | |||||||
Other current assets |
749 | (274 | ) | (1,279 | ) | |||||||
Other assets |
(902 | ) | 289 | 285 | ||||||||
Accounts payable |
92 | 596 | 1,494 | |||||||||
Deferred revenue |
521 | 718 | 566 | |||||||||
Other liabilities |
(161 | ) | 1,664 | 716 | ||||||||
Cash generated by operating activities |
10,159 | 9,596 | 5,470 | |||||||||
Investing Activities: |
||||||||||||
Purchases of marketable securities |
(46,724 | ) | (22,965 | ) | (11,719 | ) | ||||||
Proceeds from maturities of marketable securities |
19,790 | 11,804 | 6,483 | |||||||||
Proceeds from sales of marketable securities |
10,888 | 4,439 | 2,941 | |||||||||
Purchases of other long-term investments |
(101 | ) | (38 | ) | (17 | ) | ||||||
Payments made in connection with business acquisitions, net of cash acquired |
| (220 | ) | | ||||||||
Payment for acquisition of property, plant and equipment |
(1,144 | ) | (1,091 | ) | (735 | ) | ||||||
Payment for acquisition of intangible assets |
(69 | ) | (108 | ) | (251 | ) | ||||||
Other |
(74 | ) | (10 | ) | 49 | |||||||
Cash used in investing activities |
(17,434 | ) | (8,189 | ) | (3,249 | ) | ||||||
Financing Activities: |
||||||||||||
Proceeds from issuance of common stock |
475 | 483 | 365 | |||||||||
Excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation |
270 | 757 | 377 | |||||||||
Cash used to net share settle equity awards |
(82 | ) | (124 | ) | (3 | ) | ||||||
Cash generated by financing activities |
663 | 1,116 | 739 | |||||||||
(Decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents |
(6,612 | ) | 2,523 | 2,960 | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents, end of the year |
$ | 5,263 | $ | 11,875 | $ | 9,352 | ||||||
Supplemental cash flow disclosures: |
||||||||||||
Cash paid for income taxes, net |
$ | 2,997 | $ | 1,267 | $ | 863 |
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
25
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 1 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Apple Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively Apple or the Company) design, manufacture, and market personal computers, mobile communication devices, and portable digital music and video players and sell a variety of related software, third-party digital content and applications, services, peripherals, and networking solutions. The Company sells its products worldwide through its online stores, its retail stores, its direct sales force, and third-party wholesalers, resellers and value-added resellers. In addition, the Company sells a variety of third-party Macintosh (Mac), iPhone and iPod compatible products including application software, printers, storage devices, speakers, headphones, and various other accessories and supplies through its online and retail stores. The Company sells to consumer, small and mid-sized business (SMB), education, enterprise, government and creative customers.
Basis of Presentation and Preparation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in these consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.
Certain prior year amounts in the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto have been reclassified to conform to the current years presentation. During the first quarter of 2009, the Company reclassified $2.4 billion of certain fixed-income securities from short-term marketable securities to long-term marketable securities in the September 27, 2008 Consolidated Balance Sheet. The reclassification resulted from a change in accounting presentation for certain investments based on contractual maturity dates, which more closely reflects the Companys assessment of the timing of when such securities will be converted to cash. As a result of this change, marketable securities with maturities less than 12 months are classified as short-term and marketable securities with maturities greater than 12 months are classified as long-term. There have been no changes in the Companys investment policies or practices associated with this change in accounting presentation. See Note 3, Financial Instruments of this Form 10-K for additional information.
The Companys fiscal year is the 52 or 53-week period that ends on the last Saturday of September. The Companys fiscal years 2009, 2008 and 2007 ended on September 26, 2009, September 27, 2008 and September 29, 2007, respectively, and included 52 weeks each. An additional week is included in the first fiscal quarter approximately every six years to realign fiscal quarters with calendar quarters. Unless otherwise stated, references to particular years or quarters refer to the Companys fiscal years ended in September and the associated quarters of those fiscal years.
In May 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) established general accounting standards and disclosure for subsequent events. The Company adopted FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 855, Subsequent Events (formerly referenced as Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 165, Subsequent Events), during the third quarter of 2009. The Company has evaluated subsequent events through the date and time the financial statements were originally issued on October 27, 2009. The Company has further evaluated subsequent events for disclosure only through the date and time the financial statements were reissued on January 25, 2010.
Retrospective Adoption of New Accounting Principles
In September 2009, the FASB amended the accounting standards related to revenue recognition for arrangements with multiple deliverables and arrangements that include software elements (new accounting principles). The Company adopted the new accounting principles on a retrospective basis during the first quarter of 2010.
26
Under the historical accounting principles, the Company was required to account for sales of both iPhone and Apple TV using subscription accounting because the Company indicated it might from time-to-time provide future unspecified software upgrades and features for those products free of charge. Under subscription accounting, revenue and associated product cost of sales for iPhone and Apple TV were deferred at the time of sale and recognized on a straight-line basis over each products estimated economic life. This resulted in the deferral of significant amounts of revenue and cost of sales related to iPhone and Apple TV.
The new accounting principles generally require the Company to account for the sale of both iPhone and Apple TV as two deliverables. The first deliverable is the hardware and software essential to the functionality of the hardware device delivered at the time of sale, and the second deliverable is the right included with the purchase of iPhone and Apple TV to receive on a when-and-if-available basis future unspecified software upgrades and features relating to the products essential software. The new accounting principles result in the recognition of substantially all of the revenue and product costs from the sales of iPhone and Apple TV at the time of sale. Additionally, the Company is required to estimate a standalone selling price for the unspecified software upgrade rights included with the sale of iPhone and Apple TV and recognizes that amount ratably over the 24-month estimated life of the related hardware device.
The financial statements and notes to the financial statements presented herein have been adjusted to reflect the retrospective adoption of the new accounting principles. Refer to the Explanatory Note immediately preceding Part II, Item 6 and Note 2, Retrospective Adoption of New Accounting Principles in this Form 10-K for additional information on the impact of adoption.
Financial Instruments
Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities
All highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase are classified as cash equivalents. The Companys debt and marketable equity securities have been classified and accounted for as available-for-sale. Management determines the appropriate classification of its investments in debt securities at the time of purchase and reevaluates the available-for-sale designations as of each balance sheet date. The Company classifies its marketable debt securities as either short-term or long-term based on each instruments underlying contractual maturity date. Marketable securities with maturities of less than 12 months are classified as short-term and marketable securities with maturities greater than 12 months are classified as long-term. These securities are carried at fair value, with the unrealized gains and losses, net of taxes, reported as a component of shareholders equity. The cost of securities sold is based upon the specific identification method.
Derivative Financial Instruments
During the second quarter of 2009, the Company adopted FASB ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (formerly referenced as SFAS No. 161, Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133), which requires additional disclosures about the Companys objectives and strategies for using derivative instruments, how the derivative instruments and related hedged items are accounted for, and how the derivative instruments and related hedged item affect the financial statements.
The Company accounts for its derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities and carries them at fair value. Derivatives that are not defined as hedges must be adjusted to fair value through earnings.
For derivative instruments that hedge the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows that are designated as cash flow hedges, the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instrument is reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income in shareholders equity and reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. The ineffective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instrument is recognized in current earnings. To receive hedge accounting treatment, cash flow hedges must be highly effective in offsetting changes to expected future cash flows on
27
hedged transactions. For options designated as cash flow hedges, changes in the time value are excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness and are recognized in earnings. For derivative instruments that hedge the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset or a liability and that are designated as fair value hedges, the net gain or loss on the derivative instrument as well as the offsetting gain or loss on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in earnings in the current period. The Company did not have a net gain or loss on these derivative instruments during 2009, 2008 and 2007. The net gain or loss on the effective portion of a derivative instrument that is designated as an economic hedge of the foreign currency translation exposure of the net investment in a foreign operation is reported in the same manner as a foreign currency translation adjustment. For forward exchange contracts designated as net investment hedges, the Company excludes changes in fair value relating to changes in the forward carry component from its definition of effectiveness. Accordingly, any gains or losses related to this component are recognized in current earnings.
Fair Value Measurements
During the first quarter of 2009, the Company adopted FASB ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (formerly referenced as SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements), which defines fair value, establishes guidelines for measuring fair value and expands disclosures regarding fair value measurements. This new accounting standard does not require any new fair value measurements. The Company applies fair value accounting for all financial assets and liabilities and non-financial assets and liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis. The Company defines fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities, which are required to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which the Company would transact and the market-based risk measurements or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, such as inherent risk, transfer restrictions and credit risk.
During the first quarter of 2009, the Company adopted FASB ASC 825, Financial Instruments (formerly referenced as SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities Including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115), which allows companies to choose to measure eligible financial instruments and certain other items at fair value that are not required to be measured at fair value. The Company has not elected the fair value option for any eligible financial instruments.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost, computed using the first-in, first-out method, or market. If the cost of the inventories exceeds their market value, provisions are made currently for the difference between the cost and the market value. The Companys inventories consist primarily of finished goods for all periods presented.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is computed by use of the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which for buildings is the lesser of 30 years or the remaining life of the underlying building, up to five years for equipment, and the shorter of lease terms or ten years for leasehold improvements. The Company capitalizes eligible costs to acquire or develop internal-use software that are incurred subsequent to the preliminary project stage. Capitalized costs related to internal-use software are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range from three to five years. Depreciation and amortization expense on property and equipment was $606 million, $387 million and $259 million during 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
28
Asset Retirement Obligations
The Company records obligations associated with the retirement of tangible long-lived assets and the associated asset retirement costs. The Company reviews legal obligations associated with the retirement of long-lived assets that result from the acquisition, construction, development and/or normal use of the assets. If it is determined that a legal obligation exists, the fair value of the liability for an asset retirement obligation is recognized in the period in which it is incurred if a reasonable estimate of fair value can be made. The fair value of the liability is added to the carrying amount of the associated asset and this additional carrying amount is depreciated over the life of the asset. The difference between the gross expected future cash flow and its present value is accreted over the life of the related lease as an operating expense. All of the Companys existing asset retirement obligations are associated with commitments to return property subject to operating leases to original condition upon lease termination. The Companys asset retirement liability was $25 million and $21 million as of September 26, 2009 and September 27, 2008, respectively.
Long-Lived Assets Including Goodwill and Other Acquired Intangible Assets
The Company reviews property, plant and equipment and certain identifiable intangibles, excluding goodwill, for impairment. Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of these assets is measured by comparison of their carrying amounts to future undiscounted cash flows the assets are expected to generate. If property, plant and equipment and certain identifiable intangibles are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized equals the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds its fair market value. The Company did not record any material impairments during 2009, 2008 and 2007.
The Company does not amortize goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives, rather such assets are required to be tested for impairment at least annually or sooner whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the assets may be impaired. The Company performs its goodwill and intangible asset impairment tests on or about August 31 of each year. The Company did not recognize any goodwill or intangible asset impairment charges in 2009, 2008 and 2007. The Company established reporting units based on its current reporting structure. For purposes of testing goodwill for impairment, goodwill has been allocated to these reporting units to the extent it relates to each reporting unit.
The Company amortizes its intangible assets with definite lives over their estimated useful lives and reviews these assets for impairment. The Company is currently amortizing its acquired intangible assets with definite lives over periods ranging from one to ten years.
Foreign Currency Translation and Remeasurement
The Company translates the assets and liabilities of its non-U.S. dollar functional currency subsidiaries into U.S. dollars using exchange rates in effect at the end of each period. Revenue and expenses for these subsidiaries are translated using rates that approximate those in effect during the period. Gains and losses from these translations are credited or charged to foreign currency translation included in accumulated other comprehensive income in shareholders equity. The Companys subsidiaries that use the U.S. dollar as their functional currency remeasure monetary assets and liabilities at exchange rates in effect at the end of each period, and inventories, property, and nonmonetary assets and liabilities at historical rates. Gains and losses from these remeasurements were insignificant and have been included in the Companys results of operations.
Revenue Recognition
Net sales consist primarily of revenue from the sale of hardware, software, digital content and applications, peripherals, and service and support contracts. The Company recognizes revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the sales price is fixed or determinable, and collection is probable. Product is considered delivered to the customer once it has been shipped and title and risk of loss have been
29
transferred. For most of the Companys product sales, these criteria are met at the time the product is shipped. For online sales to individuals, for some sales to education customers in the U.S., and for certain other sales, the Company defers revenue until the customer receives the product because the Company legally retains a portion of the risk of loss on these sales during transit. The Company recognizes revenue from the sale of hardware products (e.g., Mac computers, iPhones, iPods and peripherals), software bundled with hardware that is essential to the functionality of the hardware, and third-party digital content sold on the iTunes Store in accordance with general revenue recognition accounting guidance. The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with industry specific software accounting guidance for the following types of sales transactions: (i) standalone sales of software products, (ii) sales of software upgrades and (iii) sales of software bundled with hardware not essential to the functionality of the hardware.
Revenue from service and support contracts is deferred and recognized ratably over the service coverage periods. These contracts typically include extended phone support, repair services, web-based support resources, diagnostic tools, and extend the service coverage offered under the Companys standard limited warranty.
The Company sells software and peripheral products obtained from other companies. The Company generally establishes its own pricing and retains related inventory risk, is the primary obligor in sales transactions with its customers, and assumes the credit risk for amounts billed to its customers. Accordingly, the Company generally recognizes revenue for the sale of products obtained from other companies based on the gross amount billed.
The Company records reductions to revenue for estimated commitments related to price protection and for customer incentive programs, including reseller and end-user rebates, and other sales programs and volume-based incentives. The estimated cost of these programs is accrued as a reduction to revenue in the period the Company has sold the product and committed to a plan. The Company also records reductions to revenue for expected future product returns based on the Companys historical experience. Revenue is recorded net of taxes collected from customers that are remitted to governmental authorities, with the collected taxes recorded as current liabilities until remitted to the relevant government authority.
Revenue Recognition for Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables
For multi-element arrangements that include tangible products that contain software that is essential to the tangible products functionality and undelivered software elements that relate to the tangible products essential software, the Company allocates revenue to all deliverables based on their relative selling prices. In such circumstances, the new accounting principles establish a hierarchy to determine the selling price to be used for allocating revenue to deliverables as follows: (i) vendor-specific objective evidence of fair value (VSOE), (ii) third-party evidence of selling price (TPE), and (iii) best estimate of the selling price (ESP). VSOE generally exists only when the Company sells the deliverable separately and is the price actually charged by the Company for that deliverable.
For both iPhone and Apple TV, the Company has indicated it may from time-to-time provide future unspecified software upgrades and features free of charge to customers. The Company has identified two deliverables generally contained in arrangements involving the sale of iPhone and Apple TV. The first deliverable is the hardware and software essential to the functionality of the hardware device delivered at the time of sale, and the second deliverable is the right included with the purchase of iPhone and Apple TV to receive on a when-and-if-available basis future unspecified software upgrades and features relating to the products essential software. The Company has allocated revenue between these two deliverables using the relative selling price method. Because the Company has neither VSOE nor TPE for the two deliverables the allocation of revenue has been based on the Companys ESPs. Amounts allocated to the delivered hardware and the related essential software are recognized at the time of sale provided the other conditions for revenue recognition have been met. Amounts allocated to the unspecified software upgrade rights are deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the 24-month estimated life of the related hardware. All product cost of sales, including estimated warranty costs, are generally recognized at the time of sale. Costs for engineering and sales and marketing are expensed as incurred.
30
For all periods presented, the Companys ESP for the software upgrade right included with each iPhone and Apple TV sold is $25 and $10, respectively. The Companys process for determining its ESP for deliverables without VSOE or TPE considers multiple factors that may vary depending upon the unique facts and circumstances related to each deliverable. The Company believes its customers, particularly consumers, would be reluctant to buy unspecified software upgrade rights related to iPhone and Apple TV. This view is primarily based on the fact that upgrade rights do not obligate the Company to provide upgrades at a particular time or at all, and do not specify to customers which upgrades or features will be delivered in the future. Therefore, the Company has concluded that if it were to sell upgrade rights on a standalone basis, such as those included with iPhone and Apple TV, the selling price would be relatively low. Key factors considered by the Company in developing the ESPs for iPhone and Apple TV upgrade rights include prices charged by the Company for similar offerings, the Companys historical pricing practices, the nature of the upgrade rights (e.g., unspecified and when-and-if-available), and the relative ESP of the upgrade rights as compared to the total selling price of the product. In addition, when developing ESPs for products other than iPhone and Apple TV, the Company may consider other factors as appropriate including the pricing of competitive alternatives if they exist, and product-specific business objectives.
The Company accounts for multiple element arrangements that consist only of software or software-related products, including the sale of upgrades to previously sold software, in accordance with industry specific accounting guidance for software and software-related transactions. For such transactions, revenue on arrangements that include multiple elements is allocated to each element based on the relative fair value of each element, and fair value is generally determined by VSOE. If the Company cannot objectively determine the fair value of any undelivered element included in such multiple-element arrangements, the Company defers revenue until all elements are delivered and services have been performed, or until fair value can objectively be determined for any remaining undelivered elements. When the fair value of a delivered element has not been established, but fair value exists for the undelivered elements, the Company uses the residual method to recognize revenue if the fair value of all undelivered elements is determinable. Under the residual method, the fair value of the undelivered elements is deferred and the remaining portion of the arrangement fee is allocated to the delivered elements and is recognized as revenue.
Except as described for iPhone and Apple TV, the Company generally does not offer specified or unspecified upgrade rights to its customers in connection with software sales or the sale of extended warranty and support contracts. A limited number of the Companys software products are available with maintenance agreements that grant customers rights to unspecified future upgrades over the maintenance term on a when and if available basis. Revenue associated with such maintenance is recognized ratably over the maintenance term.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
The Company records its allowance for doubtful accounts based upon its assessment of various factors. The Company considers historical experience, the age of the accounts receivable balances, credit quality of the Companys customers, current economic conditions, and other factors that may affect customers ability to pay.
Shipping Costs
For all periods presented, amounts billed to customers related to shipping and handling are classified as revenue, and the Companys shipping and handling costs are included in cost of sales.
Warranty Expense
The Company generally provides for the estimated cost of hardware and software warranties at the time the related revenue is recognized. The Company assesses the adequacy of its preexisting warranty liabilities and adjusts the amounts as necessary based on actual experience and changes in future estimates.
31
Software Development Costs
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Development costs of computer software to be sold, leased, or otherwise marketed are subject to capitalization beginning when a products technological feasibility has been established and ending when a product is available for general release to customers. In most instances, the Companys products are released soon after technological feasibility has been established. Therefore, costs incurred subsequent to achievement of technological feasibility are usually not significant, and generally most software development costs have been expensed.
In 2009 and 2008, the Company capitalized $71 million and $11 million, respectively, of costs associated with the development of Mac OS X Version 10.6 Snow Leopard (Mac OS X Snow Leopard), which was released during the fourth quarter of 2009. During 2007, the Company capitalized $75 million of costs associated with the development of Mac OS X Version 10.5 Leopard (Mac OS X Leopard) and iPhone software. The capitalized costs are being amortized to cost of sales on a straight-line basis over a three year estimated useful life of the underlying technology.
Total amortization related to capitalized software development costs was $25 million, $27 million and $13 million in 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
Advertising Costs
Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising expense was $501 million, $486 million and $467 million for 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
Stock-Based Compensation
The Company accounts for stock-based payment transactions in which the Company receives employee services in exchange for (a) equity instruments of the enterprise or (b) liabilities that are based on the fair value of the enterprises equity instruments or that may be settled by the issuance of such equity instruments. Stock-based compensation cost for restricted stock units (RSUs) is measured based on the closing fair market value of the Companys common stock on the date of grant. Stock-based compensation cost for stock options is estimated at the grant date based on each options fair-value as calculated by the Black-Scholes-Merton (BSM) option-pricing model. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation cost as expense ratably on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. The Company will recognize a benefit from stock-based compensation in equity if an incremental tax benefit is realized by following the ordering provisions of the tax law. In addition, the Company accounts for the indirect effects of stock-based compensation on the research tax credit, the foreign tax credit and the domestic manufacturing deduction through the income statement. Further information regarding stock-based compensation can be found in Note 8, Shareholders Equity and Stock-Based Compensation of this Form 10-K.
Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes is computed using the asset and liability method, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and for operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the currently enacted tax rates that apply to taxable income in effect for the years in which those tax assets are expected to be realized or settled. The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is believed more likely than not to be realized.
During 2008, the Company adopted FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 740, Income Taxes (formerly referenced as FASB Financial Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109), which changed the framework for accounting for uncertainty in
32
income taxes. The Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such positions are then measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon settlement. See Note 7, Income Taxes of this Form 10-K for additional information, including the effects of adoption on the Companys consolidated financial statements.
Earnings Per Common Share
Basic earnings per common share is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per common share is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period increased to include the number of additional shares of common stock that would have been outstanding if the potentially dilutive securities had been issued. Potentially dilutive securities include outstanding stock options, shares to be purchased under the employee stock purchase plan and unvested RSUs. The dilutive effect of potentially dilutive securities is reflected in diluted earnings per common share by application of the treasury stock method. Under the treasury stock method, an increase in the fair market value of the Companys common stock can result in a greater dilutive effect from potentially dilutive securities.
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share for the three years ended September 26, 2009 (in thousands, except net income in millions and per share amounts):
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||||
Numerator: |
|||||||||
Net income |
$ | 8,235 | $ | 6,119 | $ | 3,495 | |||
Denominator: |
|||||||||
Weighted-average shares outstanding |
893,016 | 881,592 | 864,595 | ||||||
Effect of dilutive securities |
13,989 | 20,547 | 24,697 | ||||||
Weighted-average shares diluted |
907,005 | 902,139 | 889,292 | ||||||
Basic earnings per common share |
$ | 9.22 | $ | 6.94 | $ | 4.04 | |||
Diluted earnings per common share |
$ | 9.08 | $ | 6.78 | $ | 3.93 |
Potentially dilutive securities representing 12.6 million, 10.3 million and 13.7 million shares of common stock for 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively, were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per common share for these periods because their effect would have been antidilutive.
Comprehensive Income
Comprehensive income consists of two components, net income and other comprehensive income. Other comprehensive income refers to revenue, expenses, gains and losses that under GAAP are recorded as an element of shareholders equity but are excluded from net income. The Companys other comprehensive income consists of foreign currency translation adjustments from those subsidiaries not using the U.S. dollar as their functional currency, unrealized gains and losses on marketable securities categorized as available-for-sale, and net deferred gains and losses on certain derivative instruments accounted for as cash flow hedges.
Segment Information
The Company reports segment information based on the management approach. The management approach designates the internal reporting used by management for making decisions and assessing performance as the source of the Companys reportable segments. Information about the Companys products, major customers and geographic areas on a company-wide basis is also disclosed.
33
Note 2 Retrospective Adoption of New Accounting Principles
In September 2009, the FASB amended the accounting standards related to revenue recognition for arrangements with multiple deliverables and arrangements that include software elements. In the first quarter of 2010, the Company adopted the new accounting principles on a retrospective basis. The Company believes retrospective adoption provides the most comparable and useful financial information for financial statement users, is more consistent with the information the Companys management uses to evaluate its business, and better reflects the underlying economic performance of the Company. The financial statements and notes to the financial statements presented herein have been adjusted to reflect the retrospective adoption of the new accounting principles. Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies under the subheadings Basis of Presentation and Preparation and Revenue Recognition of this Form 10-K provides additional information on the Companys change in accounting resulting from the adoption of the new accounting principles and the Companys revenue recognition accounting policy.
The following tables present the effects of the retrospective adoption of the new accounting principles to the Companys previously reported Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 26, 2009 and September 27, 2008 (in millions, except share amounts):
September 26, 2009 | ||||||||||
As Reported | Adjustments | As Amended | ||||||||
Current assets: |
||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 5,263 | $ | | $ | 5,263 | ||||
Short-term marketable securities |
18,201 | | 18,201 | |||||||
Accounts receivable, less allowance of $52 |
3,361 | | 3,361 | |||||||
Inventories |
455 | | 455 | |||||||
Deferred tax assets |
2,101 | (966 | ) | 1,135 | ||||||
Other current assets |
6,884 | (3,744 | ) | 3,140 | ||||||
Total current assets |
36,265 | (4,710 | ) | 31,555 | ||||||
Long-term marketable securities |
10,528 | | 10,528 | |||||||
Property, plant and equipment, net |
2,954 | | 2,954 | |||||||
Goodwill |
206 | | 206 | |||||||
Acquired intangible assets, net |
247 | | 247 | |||||||
Other assets |
3,651 | (1,640 | ) | 2,011 | ||||||
Total assets |
$ | 53,851 | $ | (6,350 | ) | $ | 47,501 | |||
Current liabilities: |
||||||||||
Accounts payable |
$ | 5,601 | $ | | $ | 5,601 | ||||
Accrued expenses |
3,376 | 476 | 3,852 | |||||||
Deferred revenue |
10,305 | (8,252 | ) | 2,053 | ||||||
Total current liabilities |
19,282 | (7,776 | ) | 11,506 | ||||||
Deferred revenue non-current |
4,485 | (3,632 | ) | 853 | ||||||
Other non-current liabilities |
2,252 | 1,250 | 3,502 | |||||||
Total liabilities |
26,019 | (10,158 | ) | 15,861 | ||||||
Commitments and contingencies |
||||||||||
Shareholders equity: |
||||||||||
Common stock, no par value; 1,800,000,000 shares authorized; 899,805,500 shares issued and outstanding |
8,210 | | 8,210 | |||||||
Retained earnings |
19,538 | 3,815 | 23,353 | |||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income |
84 | (7 | ) | 77 | ||||||
Total shareholders equity |
27,832 | 3,808 | 31,640 | |||||||
Total liabilities and shareholders equity |
$ | 53,851 | $ | (6,350) | $ | 47,501 | ||||
34
September 27, 2008 | |||||||||||
As Reported | Adjustments | As Amended | |||||||||
Current assets: |
|||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 11,875 | $ | | $ | 11,875 | |||||
Short-term marketable securities |
10,236 | | 10,236 | ||||||||
Accounts receivable, less allowance of $47 |
2,422 | | 2,422 | ||||||||
Inventories |
509 | | 509 | ||||||||
Deferred tax assets |
1,447 | (403 | ) | 1,044 | |||||||
Other current assets |
5,822 | (1,902 | ) | 3,920 | |||||||
Total current assets |
32,311 | (2,305 | ) | 30,006 | |||||||
Long-term marketable securities |
2,379 | | 2,379 | ||||||||
Property, plant and equipment, net |
2,455 | | 2,455 | ||||||||
Goodwill |
207 | | 207 | ||||||||
Acquired intangible assets, net |
285 | | 285 | ||||||||
Other assets |
1,935 | (1,096 | ) | 839 | |||||||
Total assets |
$ | 39,572 | $ | (3,401 | ) | $ | 36,171 | ||||
Current liabilities: |
|||||||||||
Accounts payable |
$ | 5,520 | $ | | $ | 5,520 | |||||
Accrued expenses |
3,719 | 505 | 4,224 | ||||||||
Deferred revenue |
4,853 | (3,236 | ) | 1,617 | |||||||
Total current liabilities |
14,092 | (2,731 | ) | 11,361 | |||||||
Deferred revenue non-current |
3,029 | (2,261 | ) | 768 | |||||||
Other non-current liabilities |
1,421 | 324 | 1,745 | ||||||||
Total liabilities |
18,542 | (4,668 | ) | 13,874 | |||||||
Commitments and contingencies |
|||||||||||
Shareholders equity: |
|||||||||||
Common stock, no par value; 1,800,000,000 shares authorized; 888,325,973 shares issued and outstanding |
7,177 | | 7,177 | ||||||||
Retained earnings |
13,845 | 1,284 | 15,129 | ||||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) |
8 | (17 | ) | (9 | ) | ||||||
Total shareholders equity |
21,030 | 1,267 | 22,297 | ||||||||
Total liabilities and shareholders equity |
$ | 39,572 | $ | (3,401 | ) | $ | 36,171 | ||||
35
The following tables present the effects of the retrospective adoption of the new accounting principles to the Companys previously reported Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended September 26, 2009, September 27, 2008, and September 29, 2007 (in millions, except share amounts):
Fiscal Year Ended September 26, 2009 | |||||||||
As Reported | Adjustments | As Amended | |||||||
Net sales |
$ | 36,537 | $ | 6,368 | $ | 42,905 | |||
Cost of sales |
23,397 | 2,286 | 25,683 | ||||||
Gross margin |
13,140 | 4,082 | 17,222 | ||||||
Operating expenses: |
|||||||||
Research and development |
1,333 | | 1,333 | ||||||
Selling, general and administrative |
4,149 | | 4,149 | ||||||
Total operating expenses |
5,482 | | 5,482 | ||||||
Operating income |
7,658 | 4,082 | 11,740 | ||||||
Other income and expense |
326 | | 326 | ||||||
Income before provision for income taxes |
7,984 | 4,082 | 12,066 | ||||||
Provision for income taxes |
2,280 | 1,551 | 3,831 | ||||||
Net income |
$ | 5,704 | $ | 2,531 | $ | 8,235 | |||
Earnings per common share: |
|||||||||
Basic |
$ | 6.39 | $ | 2.83 | $ | 9.22 | |||
Diluted |
$ | 6.29 | $ | 2.79 | $ | 9.08 | |||
Shares used in computing earnings per share: |
|||||||||
Basic |
893,016 | | 893,016 | ||||||
Diluted |
907,005 | | 907,005 |
Fiscal Year Ended September 27, 2008 | |||||||||
As Reported | Adjustments | As Amended | |||||||
Net sales |
$ | 32,479 | $ | 5,012 | $ | 37,491 | |||
Cost of sales |
21,334 | 2,960 | 24,294 | ||||||
Gross margin |
11,145 | 2,052 | 13,197 | ||||||
Operating expenses: |
|||||||||
Research and development |
1,109 | | 1,109 | ||||||
Selling, general and administrative |
3,761 | | 3,761 | ||||||
Total operating expenses |
4,870 | | 4,870 | ||||||
Operating income |
6,275 | 2,052 | 8,327 | ||||||
Other income and expense |
620 | | 620 | ||||||
Income before provision for income taxes |
6,895 | 2,052 | 8,947 | ||||||
Provision for income taxes |
2,061 | 767 | 2,828 | ||||||
Net income |
$ | 4,834 | $ | 1,285 | $ | 6,119 | |||
Earnings per common share: |
|||||||||
Basic |
$ | 5.48 | $ | 1.46 | $ | 6.94 | |||
Diluted |
$ | 5.36 | $ | 1.42 | $ | 6.78 | |||
Shares used in computing earnings per share: |
|||||||||
Basic |
881,592 | | 881,592 | ||||||
Diluted |
902,139 | | 902,139 |
36
Fiscal Year Ended September 29, 2007 | ||||||||||
As Reported | Adjustments | As Amended | ||||||||
Net sales |
$ | 24,006 | $ | 572 | $ | 24,578 | ||||
Cost of sales |
15,852 | 574 | 16,426 | |||||||
Gross margin |
8,154 | (2 | ) | 8,152 | ||||||
Operating expenses: |
||||||||||
Research and development |
782 | | 782 | |||||||
Selling, general and administrative |
2,963 | | 2,963 | |||||||
Total operating expenses |
3,745 | | 3,745 | |||||||
Operating income |
4,409 | (2 | ) | 4,407 | ||||||
Other income and expense |
599 | | 599 | |||||||
Income before provision for income taxes |
5,008 | (2 | ) | 5,006 | ||||||
Provision for income taxes |
1,512 | (1 | ) | 1,511 | ||||||
Net income |
$ | 3,496 | $ | (1 | ) | $ | 3,495 | |||
Earnings per common share: |
||||||||||
Basic |
$ | 4.04 | $ | | $ | 4.04 | ||||
Diluted |
$ | 3.93 | $ | | $ | 3.93 | ||||
Shares used in computing earnings per share: |
||||||||||
Basic |
864,595 | | 864,595 | |||||||
Diluted |
889,292 | | 889,292 |
37
Note 3 Financial Instruments
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities
The following table summarizes the fair value of the Companys cash and available-for-sale securities held in its marketable securities investment portfolio, recorded as cash and cash equivalents or short-term or long-term marketable securities as of September 26, 2009 and September 27, 2008 (in millions):
September 26, 2009 | September 27, 2008 | |||||
Cash |
$ | 1,139 | $ | 368 | ||
Money market funds |
1,608 | 1,536 | ||||
U.S. Treasury securities |
289 | 118 | ||||
U.S. agency securities |
273 | 2,798 | ||||
Certificates of deposit and time deposits |
572 | 2,560 | ||||
Commercial paper |
1,381 | 4,429 | ||||
Corporate securities |
| 66 | ||||
Municipal securities |
1 | | ||||
Total cash equivalents |
4,124 | 11,507 | ||||
U.S. Treasury securities |
2,843 | 343 | ||||
U.S. agency securities |
8,582 | 5,823 | ||||
Non-U.S. government securities |
219 | 83 | ||||
Certificates of deposit and time deposits |
1,142 | 486 | ||||
Commercial paper |
2,816 | 1,254 | ||||
Corporate securities |
2,466 | 2,247 | ||||
Municipal securities |
133 | | ||||
Total short-term marketable securities |
18,201 | 10,236 | ||||
U.S. Treasury securities |
484 | 100 | ||||
U.S. agency securities |
2,252 | 751 | ||||
Non-U.S. government securities |
102 | | ||||
Certificates of deposit and time deposits |
| 32 | ||||
Corporate securities |
7,320 | 1,496 | ||||
Municipal securities |
370 | | ||||
Total long-term marketable securities |
10,528 | 2,379 | ||||
Total cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities |
$ | 33,992 | $ | 24,490 | ||
During the first quarter of 2009, the Company changed its accounting presentation for certain fixed-income investments, which resulted in the reclassification of certain investments from short-term marketable securities to long-term marketable securities. As a result, prior year balances have been reclassified to conform to the current years presentation. The Company classifies its marketable securities as either short-term or long-term based on each instruments underlying contractual maturity date, while its prior classifications were based on the nature of the securities and their availability for use in current operations. As a result of this change, marketable securities with maturities of less than 12 months are classified as short-term and marketable securities with maturities greater than 12 months are classified as long-term. The Companys long-term marketable securities maturities range from one year to five years. The Company believes this new presentation is preferable as it more closely reflects the Companys assessment of the timing of when such securities will be converted to cash. Accordingly, certain fixed-income investments totaling $2.4 billion have been reclassified from short-term marketable securities to long-term marketable securities in the September 27, 2008 Consolidated Balance Sheet to conform to the current years financial statement presentation. There have been no changes in the Companys investment policies or practices associated with this change in accounting presentation.
38
The following tables summarize the Companys available-for-sale securities adjusted cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and fair value by significant investment category as of September 26, 2009 and September 27, 2008 (in millions):
September 26, 2009 | |||||||||||||
Adjusted Cost |
Unrealized Gains |
Unrealized Losses |
Fair Value | ||||||||||
Money market funds |
$ | 1,608 | $ | | $ | | $ | 1,608 | |||||
U.S. Treasury securities |
3,610 | 6 | | 3,616 | |||||||||
U.S. agency securities |
11,085 | 22 | | 11,107 | |||||||||
Non-U.S. government securities |
320 | 1 | | 321 | |||||||||
Certificates of deposit and time deposits |
1,714 | | | 1,714 | |||||||||
Commercial paper |
4,197 | | | 4,197 | |||||||||
Corporate securities |
9,760 | 42 | (16 | ) | 9,786 | ||||||||
Municipal securities |
502 | 2 | | 504 | |||||||||
Total cash equivalents and marketable securities |
$ | 32,796 | $ | 73 | $ | (16 | ) | $ | 32,853 | ||||
September 27, 2008 | |||||||||||||
Adjusted Cost |
Unrealized Gains |
Unrealized Losses |
Fair Value | ||||||||||
Money market funds |
$ | 1,536 | $ | | $ | | $ | 1,536 | |||||
U.S. Treasury securities |
559 | 2 | | 561 | |||||||||
U.S. agency securities |
9,383 | 2 | (13 | ) | 9,372 | ||||||||
Non-U.S. government securities |
83 | | | 83 | |||||||||
Certificates of deposit and time deposits |
3,078 | | | 3,078 | |||||||||
Commercial paper |
5,683 | | | 5,683 | |||||||||
Corporate securities |
3,917 | | (108 | ) | 3,809 | ||||||||
Total cash equivalents and marketable securities |
$ | 24,239 | $ | 4 | $ | (121 | ) | $ | 24,122 | ||||
The Company had net unrealized gains on its investment portfolio of $57 million as of September 26, 2009 and net unrealized losses on its investment portfolio of $117 million as of September 27, 2008. The net unrealized gains as of September 26, 2009 and the net unrealized losses as of September 27, 2008 related primarily to long-term marketable securities. The Company may sell certain of its marketable securities prior to their stated maturities for strategic purposes, in anticipation of credit deterioration, or for duration management. The Company recognized no material net gains or losses during 2009, 2008 and 2007 related to such sales.
The following tables show the gross unrealized losses and fair value for investments in an unrealized loss position as of September 26, 2009 and September 27, 2008, aggregated by investment category and the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position (in millions):
September 26, 2009 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Less than 12 Months | 12 Months or Greater | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
Security Description |
Fair Value |
Unrealized Losses |
Fair Value |
Unrealized Losses |
Fair Value |
Unrealized Loss |
|||||||||||||||
Corporate securities |
$ | 1,667 | $ | (3 | ) | $ | 719 | $ | (13 | ) | $ | 2,386 | $ | (16 | ) | ||||||
Total |
$ | 1,667 | $ | (3 | ) | $ | 719 | $ | (13 | ) | $ | 2,386 | $ | (16 | ) | ||||||
39
September 27, 2008 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Less than 12 Months | 12 Months or Greater | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
Security Description |
Fair Value |
Unrealized Losses |
Fair Value |
Unrealized Losses |
Fair Value |
Unrealized Loss |
|||||||||||||||
U.S. agency securities |
$ | 6,822 | $ | (13 | ) | $ | | $ | | $ | 6,822 | $ | (13 | ) | |||||||
Corporate securities |
2,147 | (31 | ) | 1,148 | (77 | ) | 3,295 | (108 | ) | ||||||||||||
Total |
$ | 8,969 | $ | (44 | ) | $ | 1,148 | $ | (77 | ) | $ | 10,117 | $ | (121 | ) | ||||||
The Company considers the declines in market value of its marketable securities investment portfolio to be temporary in nature. The unrealized losses on the Companys marketable securities were caused primarily by changes in market interest rates, specifically, widening credit spreads. The Company typically invests in highly-rated securities, and its policy generally limits the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer. The Companys investment policy requires investments to be investment grade, primarily rated single-A or better, with the objective of minimizing the potential risk of principal loss. Fair values were determined for each individual security in the investment portfolio. When evaluating the investments for other-than-temporary impairment, the Company reviews factors such as the length of time and extent to which fair value has been below cost basis, the financial condition of the issuer and any changes thereto, and the Companys intent to sell, or whether it is more likely than not it will be required to sell, the investment before recovery of the investments amortized cost basis. During the years ended September 26, 2009 and September 27, 2008, the Company did not recognize any material impairment charges. As of September 26, 2009, the Company does not consider any of its investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired.
Derivative Financial Instruments
The Company uses derivatives to partially offset its business exposure to foreign currency exchange risk. The Company may enter into foreign currency forward and option contracts to offset some of the foreign exchange risk of expected future cash flows on certain forecasted revenue and cost of sales, of net investments in certain foreign subsidiaries, and on certain existing assets and liabilities. To help protect gross margins from fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, certain of the Companys subsidiaries whose functional currency is the U.S. dollar, hedge a portion of forecasted foreign currency revenue. The Companys subsidiaries whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar and who sell in local currencies, may hedge a portion of forecasted inventory purchases not denominated in the subsidiaries functional currencies. The Company typically hedges portions of its forecasted foreign currency exposure associated with revenue and inventory purchases for three to six months. To help protect the net investment in a foreign operation from adverse changes in foreign currency exchange rates, the Company may enter into foreign currency forward and option contracts to offset the changes in the carrying amounts of these investments due to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. The Company may also enter into foreign currency forward and option contracts to partially offset the foreign currency exchange gains and losses generated by the re-measurement of certain assets and liabilities denominated in non-functional currencies. However, the Company may choose not to hedge certain foreign currency exchange exposures for a variety of reasons, including but not limited to immateriality, accounting considerations and the prohibitive economic cost of hedging particular exposures. There can be no assurance the hedges will offset more than a portion of the financial impact resulting from movements in foreign currency exchange rates.
The Companys accounting policies for these instruments are based on whether the instruments are designated as hedge or non-hedge instruments. The Company records all derivatives on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value. The effective portions of cash flow hedges are recorded in other comprehensive income until the hedged item is recognized in earnings. The effective portions of net investment hedges are recorded in other comprehensive income as a part of the cumulative translation adjustment. Derivatives that are not designated as hedging instruments and the ineffective portions of cash flow hedges and net investment hedges are adjusted to fair value through earnings in other income and expense.
40
The Company had a net deferred gain associated with cash flow hedges of approximately $1 million and $19 million, net of taxes, recorded in other comprehensive income as of September 26, 2009 and September 27, 2008, respectively. Other comprehensive income associated with cash flow hedges of foreign currency revenue is recognized as a component of net sales in the same period as the related revenue is recognized, and other comprehensive income related to cash flow hedges of inventory purchases is recognized as a component of cost of sales in the same period as the related costs are recognized. As of September 26, 2009, the hedged transactions are expected to occur within six months.
Derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges must be de-designated as hedges when it is probable the forecasted hedged transaction will not occur in the initially identified time period or within a subsequent two month time period. Deferred gains and losses in other comprehensive income associated with such derivative instruments are reclassified immediately into earnings through other income and expense. Any subsequent changes in fair value of such derivative instruments also are reflected in current earnings unless they are re-designated as hedges of other transactions. The Company did not recognize any material net gains or losses related to the loss of hedge designation on discontinued cash flow hedges during 2009, 2008 and 2007.
The Company had an unrealized net loss on net investment hedges of $2 million and $1 million, net of taxes, included in the cumulative translation adjustment account of accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) as of September 26, 2009 and September 27, 2008, respectively. The ineffective portions and amounts excluded from the effectiveness test of net investment hedges are recorded in current earnings in other income and expense.
The Company recognized in earnings a net gain of $133 million on foreign currency forward and option contracts not designated as hedging instruments during the year ended September 26, 2009.
The following table shows the notional principal and credit risk amounts of the Companys derivative instruments outstanding as of September 26, 2009 and September 27, 2008 (in millions):
2009 | 2008 | |||||||||||
Notional Principal |
Credit Risk Amounts |
Notional Principal |
Credit Risk Amounts | |||||||||
Instruments qualifying as accounting hedges: |
||||||||||||
Foreign exchange contracts |
$ | 4,422 | $ | 31 | $ | 5,902 | $ | 107 | ||||
Instruments other than accounting hedges: |
||||||||||||
Foreign exchange contracts |
$ | 3,416 | $ | 10 | $ | 2,868 | $ | 8 |
The notional principal amounts for derivative instruments provide one measure of the transaction volume outstanding as of September 26, 2009, and do not represent the amount of the Companys exposure to credit or market loss. The credit risk amounts represent the Companys gross exposure to potential accounting loss on these transactions if all counterparties failed to perform according to the terms of the contract, based on then-current currency exchange rates at each respective date. The Companys gross exposure on these transactions may be further mitigated by collateral received from certain counterparties. The Companys exposure to credit loss and market risk will vary over time as a function of currency exchange rates. Although the table above reflects the notional principal and credit risk amounts of the Companys foreign exchange instruments, it does not reflect the gains or losses associated with the exposures and transactions that the foreign exchange instruments are intended to hedge. The amounts ultimately realized upon settlement of these financial instruments, together with the gains and losses on the underlying exposures, will depend on actual market conditions during the remaining life of the instruments.
The Company generally enters into master netting arrangements, which reduce credit risk by permitting net settlement of transactions with the same counterparty. To further limit credit risk, the Company generally enters into collateral security arrangements that provide for collateral to be received when the net fair value of certain financial instruments exceeds contractually established thresholds. The Company presents its derivative assets
41
and derivative liabilities at their gross fair values. The Company did not record a material amount of cash collateral related to the derivative instruments under its master netting arrangements as of September 26, 2009. The Company did not have any derivative instruments with credit risk-related contingent features that would require it to post additional collateral as of September 26, 2009.
The estimates of fair value are based on applicable and commonly used pricing models and prevailing financial market information as of September 26, 2009. Refer to Note 4, Fair Value Measurements of this Form 10-K, for additional information on the fair value measurements for all financial assets and liabilities, including derivative assets and derivative liabilities, that are measured at fair value in the consolidated financial statements on a recurring basis. The following tables shows the Companys derivative instruments measured at gross fair value as reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 26, 2009 and September 27, 2008 (in millions):
September 26, 2009 | |||||||||
Fair Value of Derivatives Designated as Hedge Instruments |
Fair Value of Derivatives Not Designated as Hedge Instruments |
Total Fair Value | |||||||
Derivative assets (a): |
|||||||||
Foreign exchange contracts |
$ | 27 | $ | 10 | $ | 37 | |||
Derivative liabilities (b): |
|||||||||
Foreign exchange contracts |
$ | 24 | $ | 1 | $ | 25 |
September 27, 2008 | |||||||||
Fair Value of Derivatives Designated as Hedge Instruments |
Fair Value of Derivatives Not Designated as Hedge Instruments |
Total Fair Value | |||||||
Derivative assets (a): |
|||||||||
Foreign exchange contracts |
$ | 107 | $ | 8 | $ | 115 | |||
Derivative liabilities (b): |
|||||||||
Foreign exchange contracts |
$ | 68 | $ | 2 | $ | 70 |
(a) | All derivative assets are recorded as other current assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. |
(b) | All derivative liabilities are recorded as accrued expenses in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. |
42
The following table shows the effect of the Companys derivative instruments designated as cash flow and net investment hedges in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended September 26, 2009 (in millions):
Year Ended September 26, 2009 | |||||||||||||||
Gain or (Loss) Recognized in OCI - Effective Portion (a) |
Location of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income - Effective Portion |
Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income - Effective Portion (a) |
Location of Gain or (Loss) Recognized - Ineffective Portion and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing |
Gain or (Loss) Recognized - Ineffective Portion and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing |
|||||||||||
Cash flow hedges: |
|||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange contracts |
$ | 283 | Net sales | $ | 302 | Other income and expense |
$ | (83 | ) | ||||||
Foreign exchange contracts |
55 | Cost of sales | 68 | Other income and expense |
(14 | ) | |||||||||
Net investment hedges: |
|||||||||||||||
Foreign exchange contracts |
(44 | ) | Other income and expense |
| Other income and expense |
3 | |||||||||
Total |
$ | 294 | $ | 370 | $ | (94 | ) | ||||||||
(a) | Refer to Note 8, Shareholders Equity and Stock-Based Compensation of this Form 10-K, which summarizes the activity in accumulated other comprehensive income related to derivatives. |
Accounts Receivable
Trade Receivables
The Company distributes its products through third-party distributors, cellular network carriers, and resellers and directly to certain education, consumer and enterprise customers. The Company generally does not require collateral from its customers; however, the Company will require collateral in certain instances to limit credit risk. In addition, when possible, the Company attempts to limit credit risk on trade receivables with credit insurance for certain customers in Latin America, Europe, Asia, and Australia, or by requiring third-party financing, loans or leases to support credit exposure. These credit-financing arrangements are directly between the third-party financing company and the end customer. As such, the Company generally does not assume any recourse or credit risk sharing related to any of these arrangements. However, considerable trade receivables not covered by collateral, third-party financing arrangements, or credit insurance are outstanding with the Companys distribution and retail channel partners. Trade receivables from one of the Companys customers accounted for 16% of trade receivables as of September 26, 2009 and two of the Companys customers accounted for 15% and 10%, respectively, of trade receivables as of September 27, 2008.
The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for doubtful accounts for the three years ended September 26, 2009 (in millions):
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||
Beginning allowance balance |
$ | 47 | $ | 47 | $ | 52 | ||||||
Charged to costs and expenses |
25 | 3 | 12 | |||||||||
Deductions |
(20 | ) | (3 | ) | (17 | ) | ||||||
Ending allowance balance |
$ | 52 | $ | 47 | $ | 47 | ||||||
43
Vendor Non-Trade Receivables
The Company has non-trade receivables from certain of its manufacturing vendors resulting from the sale of raw material components to these manufacturing vendors who manufacture sub-assemblies or assemble final products for the Company. The Company purchases these raw material components directly from suppliers. These non-trade receivables, which are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets in other current assets, totaled $1.7 billion and $2.3 billion as of September 26, 2009 and September 27, 2008, respectively. Vendor non-trade receivables from two of the Companys vendors accounted for 40% and 36%, respectively, of non-trade receivables as of September 26, 2009 and two of the Companys vendors accounted for 47% and 38%, respectively, of non-trade receivables as of September 27, 2008. The Company does not reflect the sale of these components in net sales and does not recognize any profits on these sales until the related products are sold by the Company, at which time any profit is recognized as a reduction of cost of sales.
Note 4 Fair Value Measurements
The Company defines fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities, which are required to be recorded at fair value, the Company considers the principal or most advantageous market in which the Company would transact and the market-based risk measurements or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, such as inherent risk, transfer restrictions and credit risk.
The Company applies the following fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement:
Level 1 Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
Level 3 Inputs that are generally unobservable and typically reflect managements estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.
The Companys valuation techniques used to measure the fair value of money market funds and certain marketable equity securities were derived from quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. The valuation techniques used to measure the fair value of all other financial instruments, all of which have counterparties with high credit ratings, were valued based on quoted market prices or model driven valuations using significant inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market data.
44
Assets/Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following table presents the Companys assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 26, 2009 (in millions):
September 26, 2009 | ||||||||||||
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Instruments (Level 1) |
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |
Total (a) | |||||||||
Assets: |
||||||||||||
Money market funds |
$ | 1,608 | $ | | $ | | $ | 1,608 | ||||
U.S. Treasury securities |
| 3,616 | | 3,616 | ||||||||
U.S. agency securities |
| 11,107 | | 11,107 | ||||||||
Non-U.S. government securities |
| 321 | | 321 | ||||||||
Certificates of deposit and time deposits |
| 1,714 | | 1,714 | ||||||||
Commercial paper |
| 4,197 | | 4,197 | ||||||||
Corporate securities |
| 9,786 | | 9,786 | ||||||||
Municipal securities |
| 504 | | 504 | ||||||||
Marketable equity securities |
61 | | | 61 | ||||||||
Derivative assets |
| 37 | | 37 | ||||||||
Total assets measured at fair value |
$ | 1,669 | $ | 31,282 | $ | | $ | 32,951 | ||||
Liabilities: |
||||||||||||
Derivative liabilities |
$ | | $ | 25 | $ | | $ | 25 | ||||
Total liabilities measured at fair value |
$ | | $ | 25 | $ | | $ | 25 | ||||
(a) | The total fair value amounts for assets and liabilities also represent the related carrying amounts. |
The following table summarizes the Companys assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as presented in the Companys Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 26, 2009 (in millions):
September 26, 2009 | ||||||||||||
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Instruments (Level 1) |
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |
Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |
Total (a) | |||||||||
Assets: |
||||||||||||
Cash equivalents |
$ | 1,608 | $ | 2,516 | $ | | $ | 4,124 | ||||
Short-term marketable securities |
| 18,201 | | 18,201 | ||||||||
Long-term marketable securities |
| 10,528 | | 10,528 | ||||||||
Other current assets |
| 37 | | 37 | ||||||||
Other assets |
61 | | | 61 | ||||||||
Total assets measured at fair value |
$ | 1,669 | $ | 31,282 | $ | | $ | 32,951 | ||||
Liabilities: |
||||||||||||
Other current liabilities |
$ | | $ | 25 | $ | | $ | 25 | ||||
Total liabilities measured at fair value |
$ | | $ | 25 | $ | | $ | 25 | ||||
(a) | The total fair value amounts for assets and liabilities also represent the related carrying amounts. |
45
Note 5 Consolidated Financial Statement Details
The following tables show the Companys consolidated financial statement details as of September 26, 2009 and September 27, 2008 (in millions):
Other Current Assets
2009 | 2008 | |||||||
Vendor non-trade receivables |
$ | 1,696 | $ | 2,282 | ||||
Inventory component prepayments current |
309 | 475 | ||||||
Other current assets |
1,135 | 1,163 | ||||||
Total other current assets |
$ | 3,140 | $ | 3,920 | ||||
Property, Plant and Equipment
2009 | 2008 | |||||||
Land and buildings |
$ | 955 | $ | 810 | ||||
Machinery, equipment and internal-use software |
1,932 | 1,491 | ||||||
Office furniture and equipment |
115 | 122 | ||||||
Leasehold improvements |
1,665 | 1,324 | ||||||
Gross property, plant and equipment |
4,667 | 3,747 | ||||||
Accumulated depreciation and amortization |
(1,713 | ) | (1,292 | ) | ||||
Net property, plant and equipment |
$ | 2,954 | $ | 2,455 | ||||
Other Assets
2009 | 2008 | |||||||
Inventory component prepayments non-current |
$ | 844 | $ | 208 | ||||
Deferred tax assets non-current |
163 | 104 | ||||||
Capitalized software development costs, net |
106 | 67 | ||||||
Other assets |
898 | 460 | ||||||
Total other assets |
$ | 2,011 | $ | 839 | ||||
Accrued Expenses
2009 | 2008 | |||||||
Accrued warranty and related costs |
$ | 577 | $ | 671 | ||||
Accrued marketing and distribution |
359 | 329 | ||||||
Accrued compensation and employee benefits |
357 | 320 | ||||||
Income taxes payable |
430 | 506 | ||||||
Deferred margin on component sales |
225 | 681 | ||||||
Other current liabilities |
1,904 | 1,717 | ||||||
Total accrued expenses |
$ | 3,852 | $ | 4,224 | ||||
Non-Current Liabilities
2009 | 2008 | |||||||
Deferred tax liabilities |
$ | 2,216 | $ | 999 | ||||
Other non-current liabilities |
1,286 | 746 | ||||||
Total other non-current liabilities |
$ | 3,502 | $ | 1,745 | ||||
46
Note 6 Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
The Company is currently amortizing its acquired intangible assets with definite lives over periods ranging from one to ten years. The following table summarizes the components of gross and net intangible asset balances as of September 26, 2009 and September 27, 2008 (in millions):
2009 | 2008 | |||||||||||||||||||
Gross Carrying Amount |
Accumulated Amortization |
Net Carrying Amount |
Gross Carrying Amount |
Accumulated Amortization |
Net Carrying Amount | |||||||||||||||
Definite lived and amortizable acquired technology |
$ | 323 | $ | (176 | ) | $ | 147 | $ | 308 | $ | (123 | ) | $ | 185 | ||||||
Indefinite lived and unamortizable trademarks |
100 | | 100 | 100 | | 100 | ||||||||||||||
Total acquired intangible assets |
$ | 423 | $ | (176 | ) | $ | 247 | $ | 408 | $ | (123 | ) | $ | 285 | ||||||
Goodwill |
$ | 206 | $ | | $ | 206 | $ | 207 | $ | | $ | 207 | ||||||||
In 2008, the Company completed an acquisition of a business for total cash consideration, net of cash acquired, of $220 million, of which $169 million has been allocated to goodwill, $51 million to deferred tax assets and $7 million to acquired intangible assets.
The Companys goodwill is allocated primarily to the Americas reportable operating segment. Amortization expense related to acquired intangible assets was $53 million, $46 million and $35 million in 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. As of September 26, 2009 and September 27, 2008, the remaining weighted-average amortization period for acquired technology was 7.2 years and 7.0 years, respectively.
Expected annual amortization expense related to acquired technology as of September 26, 2009, is as follows (in millions):
Years |
|||
2010 |
$ | 40 | |
2011 |
37 | ||
2012 |
28 | ||
2013 |
13 | ||
2014 |
10 | ||
Thereafter |
19 | ||
Total |
$ | 147 | |
47
Note 7 Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes for the three years ended September 26, 2009, consisted of the following (in millions):
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||
Federal: |
||||||||||||
Current |
$ | 2,166 | $ | 1,945 | $ | 1,223 | ||||||
Deferred |
1,077 | 498 | 80 | |||||||||
3,243 | 2,443 | 1,303 | ||||||||||
State: |
||||||||||||
Current |
280 | 210 | 112 | |||||||||
Deferred |
(2 | ) | (25 | ) | 9 | |||||||
278 | 185 | 121 | ||||||||||
Foreign: |
||||||||||||
Current |
345 | 275 | 103 | |||||||||
Deferred |
(35 | ) | (75 | ) | (16 | ) | ||||||
310 | 200 | 87 | ||||||||||
Provision for income taxes |
$ | 3,831 | $ | 2,828 | $ | 1,511 | ||||||
The foreign provision for income taxes is based on foreign pretax earnings of $6.6 billion, $4.6 billion and $2.2 billion in 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. As of September 26, 2009 and September 27, 2008, $17.4 billion and $11.3 billion, respectively, of the Companys cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities were held by foreign subsidiaries and are generally based in U.S. dollar-denominated holdings. Amounts held by foreign subsidiaries are generally subject to U.S. income taxation on repatriation to the U.S. The Companys consolidated financial statements provide for any related tax liability on amounts that may be repatriated, aside from undistributed earnings of certain of the Companys foreign subsidiaries that are intended to be indefinitely reinvested in operations outside the U.S. U.S. income taxes have not been provided on a cumulative total of $5.1 billion of such earnings. It is not practicable to determine the income tax liability that might be incurred if these earnings were to be distributed.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect the effects of tax losses, credits, and the future income tax effects of temporary differences between the consolidated financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and are measured using enacted tax rates that apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.
As of September 26, 2009 and September 27, 2008, the significant components of the Companys deferred tax assets and liabilities were (in millions):
2009 | 2008 | ||||||
Deferred tax assets: |
|||||||
Accrued liabilities and other reserves |
$ | 1,030 | $ | 1,003 | |||
Basis of capital assets and investments |
180 | 173 | |||||
Accounts receivable and inventory reserves |
172 | 126 | |||||
Other |
470 | 415 | |||||
Total deferred tax assets |
1,852 | 1,717 | |||||
Less valuation allowance |
| | |||||
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance |
1,852 | 1,717 | |||||
Deferred tax liabilities - Unremitted earnings of foreign subsidiaries |
2,774 | 1,569 | |||||
Net deferred tax (liabilities)/assets |
$ | (922 | ) | $ | 148 | ||
48
A reconciliation of the provision for income taxes, with the amount computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate (35% in 2009, 2008 and 2007) to income before provision for income taxes for the three years ended September 26, 2009, is as follows (in millions):
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||
Computed expected tax |
$ | 4,223 | $ | 3,131 | $ | 1,752 | ||||||
State taxes, net of federal effect |
339 | 217 | 140 | |||||||||
Indefinitely invested earnings of foreign subsidiaries |
(647 | ) | (500 | ) | (297 | ) | ||||||
Nondeductible executive compensation |
13 | 6 | 6 | |||||||||
Research and development credit, net |
(84 | ) | (21 | ) | (54 | ) | ||||||
Other |
(13 | ) | (5 | ) | (36 | ) | ||||||
Provision for income taxes |
$ | 3,831 | $ | 2,828 | $ | 1,511 | ||||||
Effective tax rate |
32% | 32% | 30% |
The Companys income taxes payable have been reduced by the tax benefits from employee stock plan awards. For stock options, the Company receives an income tax benefit calculated as the difference between the fair market value of the stock issued at the time of the exercise and the option price, tax effected. The Company had net tax benefits from employee stock plan awards of $246 million, $770 million and $398 million in 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively, which were reflected as increases to common stock.
On October 3, 2008, the Tax Extenders and Alternative Minimum Tax Relief Act of 2008 was signed into law. This bill, among other things, retroactively extended the expired research and development tax credit. As a result, the Company recorded a tax benefit of $42 million in the first quarter of 2009 to account for the retroactive effects of the research credit extension.
Uncertain Tax Positions
As discussed in Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies the Company adopted new accounting principles on accounting for uncertain tax positions in 2008. Under these new principles, tax positions are evaluated in a two-step process. The Company first determines whether it is more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination. If a tax position meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold it is then measured to determine the amount of benefit to recognize in the financial statements. The tax position is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Upon adoption of these new principles, the Companys cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle resulted in an increase to retained earnings of $11 million. The Company had historically classified interest and penalties and unrecognized tax benefits as current liabilities. Beginning with the adoption of these new principles, the Company classifies gross interest and penalties and unrecognized tax benefits that are not expected to result in payment or receipt of cash within one year as non-current liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The total amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits as of the date of adoption was $475 million, of which $209 million, if recognized, would affect the Companys effective tax rate.
The Companys total gross unrecognized tax benefits are classified as non-current liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of September 26, 2009, the total amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits was $971 million, of which $307 million, if recognized, would affect the Companys effective tax rate. As of September 27, 2008, the total amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits was $506 million, of which $253 million, if recognized, would affect the Companys effective tax rate.
On May 27, 2009, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit issued its ruling in the case of Xilinx, Inc. v. Commissioner, holding that stock-based compensation is required to be included in certain transfer pricing arrangements between a U.S. company and its offshore subsidiary. As a result of the ruling in this case, the Company increased its liability for unrecognized tax benefits by approximately $86 million and decreased shareholders equity by approximately $78 million in the year ended September 26, 2009.
49
The aggregate changes in the balance of gross unrecognized tax benefits, which excludes interest and penalties, for the two years ended September 26, 2009, is as follows (in millions):
Balance as of September 30, 2007 |
$ | 475 | ||
Increases related to tax positions taken during a prior period |
27 | |||
Decreases related to tax positions taken during a prior period |
(70 | ) | ||
Increases related to tax positions taken during the current period |
85 | |||
Decreases related to settlements with taxing authorities |
| |||
Decreases related to expiration of statute of limitations |
(11 | ) | ||
Balance as of September 27, 2008 |
506 | |||
Increases related to tax positions taken during a prior period |
341 | |||
Decreases related to tax positions taken during a prior period |
(24 | ) | ||
Increases related to tax positions taken during the current period |
151 | |||
Decreases related to settlements with taxing authorities |
| |||
Decreases related to expiration of statute of limitations |
(3 | ) | ||
Balance as of September 26, 2009 |
$ | 971 | ||
The Companys policy to include interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits within the provision for income taxes did not change as a result of adopting the new accounting principles on accounting for uncertain tax positions in 2008. As of the date of adoption, the Company had accrued $203 million for the gross interest and penalties relating to unrecognized tax benefits. As of September 26, 2009 and September 27, 2008, the total amount of gross interest and penalties accrued was $291 million and $219 million, respectively, which is classified as non-current liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. In 2009 and 2008, the Company recognized interest expense in connection with tax matters of $64 million and $16 million, respectively.
The Company is subject to taxation and files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and in many state and foreign jurisdictions. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, all years prior to 2002 are closed. The years 2002-2003 have been examined by the Internal Revenue Service (the IRS) and disputed issues have been taken to administrative appeals. The IRS is currently examining the 2004-2006 years. In addition, the Company is also subject to audits by state, local and foreign tax authorities. In major states and major foreign jurisdictions, the years subsequent to 1988 and 2000, respectively, generally remain open and could be subject to examination by the taxing authorities.
Management believes that an adequate provision has been made for any adjustments that may result from tax examinations. However, the outcome of tax audits cannot be predicted with certainty. If any issues addressed in the Companys tax audits are resolved in a manner not consistent with managements expectations, the Company could be required to adjust its provision for income tax in the period such resolution occurs. Although timing of the resolution and/or closure of audits is highly uncertain, the Company believes it is reasonably possible that tax audit resolutions could reduce its unrecognized tax benefits by between $105 million and $145 million in the next 12 months.
Note 8 Shareholders Equity and Stock-Based Compensation
Preferred Stock
The Company has five million shares of authorized preferred stock, none of which is issued or outstanding. Under the terms of the Companys Restated Articles of Incorporation, the Board of Directors is authorized to determine or alter the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of the Companys authorized but unissued shares of preferred stock.
50
Comprehensive Income
Comprehensive income consists of two components, net income and other comprehensive income. Other comprehensive income refers to revenue, expenses, gains and losses that under GAAP are recorded as an element of shareholders equity but are excluded from net income. The Companys other comprehensive income consists of foreign currency translation adjustments from those subsidiaries not using the U.S. dollar as their functional currency, unrealized gains and losses on marketable securities categorized as available-for-sale, and net deferred gains and losses on certain derivative instruments accounted for as cash flow hedges.
The following table summarizes the components of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of taxes, as of the three years ended September 26, 2009 (in millions):
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||||||
Net unrealized gains/losses on available-for-sale securities |
$ | 48 | $ | (70 | ) | $ | (7 | ) | |||
Net unrecognized gains on derivative instruments |
1 | 19 | | ||||||||
Cumulative foreign currency translation |
28 | 42 | 70 | ||||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) |
$ | 77 | $ | (9 | ) | $ | 63 | ||||
The change in fair value of available-for-sale securities included in other comprehensive income was $118 million, $(63) million and $(7) million, net of taxes in 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The tax effect related to the change in unrealized gains/losses on available-for-sale securities was $(78) million, $42 million and $4 million for 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
The following table summarizes activity in other comprehensive income related to derivatives, net of taxes, held by the Company during the three years ended September 26, 2009 (in millions):
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||||||
Changes in fair value of derivatives |
$ | 204 | $ | 7 | $ | (1 | ) | ||||
Adjustment for net gains/losses realized and included in net income |
(222 | ) | 12 | (2 | ) | ||||||
Change in unrecognized gains/losses on derivative instruments |
$ | (18 | ) | $ | 19 | $ | (3 | ) | |||
The tax effect related to the changes in fair value of derivatives was $(135) million, $(5) million and $1 million for 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The tax effect related to derivative gains/losses reclassified from other comprehensive income to net income was $149 million, $(9) million and $2 million for 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
Employee Benefit Plans
2003 Employee Stock Plan
The 2003 Employee Stock Plan (the 2003 Plan) is a shareholder approved plan that provides for broad-based equity grants to employees, including executive officers. The 2003 Plan permits the granting of incentive stock options, nonstatutory stock options, RSUs, stock appreciation rights, stock purchase rights and performance-based awards. Based on the terms of individual option grants, options granted under the 2003 Plan generally expire seven to ten years after the grant date and generally become exercisable over a period of four years, based on continued employment, with either annual, semi-annual or quarterly vesting. In general, RSUs granted under the 2003 Plan vest over two to four years, are subject to the employees continued employment and do not have an expiration date. As of September 26, 2009, approximately 37 million shares were reserved for future issuance under the 2003 Plan.
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1997 Employee Stock Option Plan
In August 1997, the Companys Board of Directors approved the 1997 Employee Stock Option Plan (the 1997 Plan), a non-shareholder approved plan for grants of stock options to employees who are not officers of the Company. Based on the terms of individual option grants, options granted under the 1997 Plan generally expire seven to ten years after the grant date. All stock options granted under the 1997 Plan are fully vested. In October 2003, the Company terminated the 1997 Plan, and no new options can be granted from this plan.
1997 Director Stock Option Plan
In August 1997, the Companys Board of Directors adopted a Director Stock Option Plan (the Director Plan) for non-employee directors of the Company, which was approved by shareholders in 1998. Pursuant to the Director Plan, the Companys non-employee directors are granted an option to acquire 30,000 shares of common stock upon their initial election to the Board (Initial Options). The Initial Options vest and become exercisable in three equal annual installments on each of the first through third anniversaries of the grant date. On the fourth anniversary of a non-employee directors initial election to the Board and on each subsequent anniversary thereafter, the director will be entitled to receive an option to acquire 10,000 shares of common stock (Annual Options). Annual Options are fully vested and immediately exercisable on their date of grant. Options granted under the Director Plan expire ten years after the grant date. As of September 26, 2009, approximately 240,000 shares were reserved for future issuance under the Director Plan.
Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans
As of October 16, 2009, executive officers Timothy D. Cook, Ronald B. Johnson, Peter Oppenheimer, Philip W. Schiller and Bertrand Serlet have entered into trading plans pursuant to Rule 10b5-1(c)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act). A trading plan is a written document that pre-establishes the amounts, prices and dates (or formula for determining the amounts, prices and dates) of future purchases or sales of the Companys stock including the exercise and sale of employee stock options and shares acquired pursuant to the Companys employee stock purchase plan and upon vesting of RSUs.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
The Company has a shareholder approved employee stock purchase plan (the Purchase Plan), under which substantially all employees may purchase common stock through payroll deductions at a price equal to 85% of the lower of the fair market values as of the beginning and end of six-month offering periods. Stock purchases under the Purchase Plan are limited to 10% of an employees compensation, up to a maximum of $25,000 in any calendar year. The number of shares authorized to be purchased in any calendar year is limited to a total of 3 million shares. As of September 26, 2009, approximately 4.7 million shares were reserved for future issuance under the Purchase Plan.
Employee Savings Plan
The Company has an employee savings plan (the Savings Plan) qualifying as a deferred salary arrangement under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. Under the Savings Plan, participating U.S. employees may defer a portion of their pre-tax earnings, up to the IRS annual contribution limit ($16,500 for calendar year 2009). The Company matches 50% to 100% of each employees contributions, depending on length of service, up to a maximum 6% of the employees eligible earnings. The Companys matching contributions to the Savings Plan were $59 million, $50 million and $39 million in 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
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Restricted Stock Units
Historically, the Company used equity awards in the form of stock options as one of the means for recruiting and retaining highly skilled talent. In conjunction with the Companys 2009 equity compensation program changes, it began issuing primarily RSUs rather than stock options for eligible employees as the primary type of long-term equity-based award. A summary of the Companys RSU activity and related information for the three years ended September 26, 2009, is as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):
Number of Shares |
Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value |
Aggregate Intrinsic Value | |||||||
Balance at September 30, 2006 |
3,410 | $ | 39.62 | ||||||
Restricted stock units granted |
1,320 | $ | 88.51 | ||||||
Restricted stock units vested |
(45 | ) | $ | 46.57 | |||||
Restricted stock units cancelled |
(10 | ) | $ | 86.14 | |||||
Balance at September 29, 2007 |
4,675 | $ | 52.98 | ||||||
Restricted stock units granted |
4,917 | $ | 162.61 | ||||||
Restricted stock units vested |
(2,195 | ) | $ | 25.63 | |||||
Restricted stock units cancelled |
(357 | ) | $ | 119.12 | |||||
Balance at September 27, 2008 |
7,040 | $ | 134.91 | ||||||
Restricted stock units granted |
7,786 | $ | 111.80 | ||||||
Restricted stock units vested |
(1,935 | ) | $ | 124.87 | |||||
Restricted stock units cancelled |
(628 | ) | $ | 121.28 | |||||
Balance at September 26, 2009 |
12,263 | $ | 122.52 | $ | 2,236,305 | ||||
The fair value as of the vesting date of RSUs that vested was $221 million, $320 million and $6 million for 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Upon vesting, the RSUs are generally net share-settled to cover the required withholding tax and the remaining amount is converted into an equivalent number of shares of common stock. The majority of RSUs vested in 2009, 2008 and 2007, were net-share settled such that the Company withheld shares with value equivalent to the employees minimum statutory obligation for the applicable income and other employment taxes, and remitted the cash to the appropriate taxing authorities. The total shares withheld were approximately 707,000, 857,000 and 20,000 for 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively, and were based on the value of the RSUs on their vesting date as determined by the Companys closing stock price. Total payments for the employees tax obligations to the taxing authorities were $82 million, $124 million and $3 million in 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively, and are reflected as a financing activity within the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. These net-share settlements had the effect of share repurchases by the Company as they reduced and retired the number of shares that would have otherwise been issued as a result of the vesting and did not represent an expense to the Company.
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Stock Option Activity
A summary of the Companys stock option and RSU activity and related information for the three years ended September 26, 2009, is as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts and contractual term in years):
Outstanding Options | ||||||||||||||
Shares Available for Grant |
Number of Shares |
Weighted- Average Exercise Price |
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term |
Aggregate Intrinsic Value | ||||||||||
Balance at September 30, 2006 |
54,994 | 52,982 | $ | 23.23 | ||||||||||
Additional shares authorized |
28,000 | | $ | | ||||||||||
Restricted stock units granted |
(2,640 | ) | | $ | | |||||||||
Options granted |
(14,010 | ) | 14,010 | $ | 94.52 | |||||||||
Options cancelled |
1,471 | (1,471 | ) | $ | 55.38 | |||||||||
Restricted stock units cancelled |
20 | | $ | | ||||||||||
Options exercised |
| (15,770 | ) | $ | 18.32 | |||||||||
Plan shares expired |
(8 | ) | | $ | | |||||||||
Balance at September 29, 2007 |
67,827 | 49,751 | $ | 43.91 | ||||||||||
Restricted stock units granted |
(9,834 | ) | | $ | | |||||||||
Options granted |
(9,359 | ) | 9,359 | $ | 171.36 | |||||||||
Options cancelled |
1,236 | (1,236 | ) | $ | 98.40 | |||||||||
Restricted stock units cancelled |
714 | | $ | | ||||||||||
Options exercised |
| (13,728 | ) | $ | 27.88 | |||||||||
Plan shares expired |
(12 | ) | | $ | | |||||||||
Balance at September 27, 2008 |
50,572 | 44,146 | $ | 74.39 | ||||||||||
Restricted stock units granted |
(15,572 | ) | | $ | | |||||||||
Options granted |
(234 | ) | 234 | $ | 106.84 | |||||||||
Options cancelled |
1,241 | (1,241 | ) | $ | 122.98 | |||||||||
Restricted stock units cancelled |
1,256 | | $ | | ||||||||||
Options exercised |
| (8,764 | ) | $ | 41.78 | |||||||||
Plan shares expired |
(2 | ) | | $ | | |||||||||
Balance at September 26, 2009 |
37,261 | 34,375 | $ | 81.17 | 3.52 | $ | 3,482,530 | |||||||
Exercisable at September 26, 2009 |
24,685 | $ | 60.62 | 3.01 | $ | 3,006,829 | ||||||||
Expected to vest after September 26, 2009 |
9,479 | $ | 133.28 | 4.82 | $ | 465,321 |
Aggregate intrinsic value represents the value of the Companys closing stock price on the last trading day of the fiscal period in excess of the weighted-average exercise price multiplied by the number of options outstanding or exercisable. The aggregate intrinsic value excludes the effect of stock options that have a zero or negative intrinsic value. Total intrinsic value of options at time of exercise was $827 million, $2.0 billion and $1.3 billion for 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
RSUs granted are deducted from the shares available for grant under the Companys stock option plans utilizing a factor of two times the number of RSUs granted. Similarly, RSUs cancelled are added back to the shares available for grant under the Companys stock option plans utilizing a factor of two times the number of RSUs cancelled. Outstanding RSU balances are not included in the outstanding options balances in the stock option activity table.
Stock-Based Compensation
Stock-based compensation cost for RSUs is measured based on the closing fair market value of the Companys common stock on the date of grant. Stock-based compensation cost for stock options is estimated at the grant date based on each options fair-value as calculated by the BSM option-pricing model. The BSM option-pricing
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model incorporates various assumptions including expected volatility, expected life and interest rates. The expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Companys common stock over the most recent period commensurate with the estimated expected life of the Companys stock options and other relevant factors including implied volatility in market traded options on the Companys common stock. The Company bases its expected life assumption on its historical experience and on the terms and conditions of the stock awards it grants to employees. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation cost as expense ratably on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period.
The weighted-average assumptions used for the three years ended September 26, 2009, and the resulting estimates of weighted-average fair value per share of options granted and of employee stock purchase plan rights (stock purchase rights) during those periods are as follows:
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||
Expected life of stock options |
4.54 years | (a) | 3.41 years | 3.46 years | ||||||
Expected life of stock purchase rights |
6 months | 6 months | 6 months | |||||||
Interest rate - stock options |
2.04% | (a) | 3.40% | 4.61% | ||||||
Interest rate - stock purchase rights |
0.58% | 3.48% | 5.13% | |||||||
Volatility - stock options |
50.98% | (a) | 45.64% | 38.13% | ||||||
Volatility - stock purchase rights |
52.16% | 38.51% | 39.22% | |||||||
Dividend yields |
| | | |||||||
Weighted-average fair value of stock options granted during the year |
$ | 46.71 | $ | 62.73 | $ | 31.86 | ||||
Weighted-average fair value of employee stock purchase plan rights during the year |
$ | 30.62 | $ | 42.27 | $ | 20.90 |
(a) | In conjunction with the Companys 2009 equity compensation program changes, it began issuing primarily RSUs rather than stock options to employees, although the Company continues to grant stock options to non-employee directors. Accordingly the weighted average expected life of stock options was influenced by non-employee director stock option grants, which had a ten-year expected life. The weighted average expected life of stock options also affects the resulting interest rate and expected volatility assumptions. |
The following table provides a summary of the stock-based compensation expense included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three years ended September 26, 2009 (in millions):
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||||
Cost of sales |
$ | 114 | $ | 80 | $ | 35 | |||
Research and development |
258 | 185 | 77 | ||||||
Selling, general and administrative |
338 | 251 | 130 | ||||||
Total stock-based compensation expense |
$ | 710 | $ | 516 | $ | 242 | |||
Stock-based compensation expense capitalized as software development costs was not significant as of September 26, 2009 or September 27, 2008. The income tax benefit related to stock-based compensation expense was $266 million, $169 million and $81 million for 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The total unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options and RSUs expected to vest was $1.4 billion as of September 26, 2009, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.53 years.
Note 9 Commitments and Contingencies
Lease Commitments
The Company leases various equipment and facilities, including retail space, under noncancelable operating lease arrangements. The Company does not currently utilize any other off-balance sheet financing arrangements. The major facility leases are generally for terms of one to 20 years and generally provide renewal options for terms of
55
one to five additional years. Leases for retail space are for terms of five to 20 years, the majority of which are for ten years, and often contain multi-year renewal options. As of September 26, 2009, the Companys total future minimum lease payments under noncancelable operating leases were $1.9 billion, of which $1.5 billion related to leases for retail space.
Rent expense under all operating leases, including both cancelable and noncancelable leases, was $231 million, $207 million and $151 million in 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Future minimum lease payments under noncancelable operating leases having remaining terms in excess of one year as of September 26, 2009, are as follows (in millions):
Years |
|||
2010 |
$ | 222 | |
2011 |
234 | ||
2012 |
228 | ||
2013 |
214 | ||
2014 |
199 | ||
Thereafter |
825 | ||
Total minimum lease payments |
$ | 1,922 | |
Accrued Warranty and Indemnifications
The Company offers a basic limited parts and labor warranty on its hardware products. The basic warranty period for hardware products is typically one year from the date of purchase by the end-user. The Company also offers a 90-day basic warranty for its service parts used to repair the Companys hardware products. The Company provides currently for the estimated cost that may be incurred under its basic limited product warranties at the time related revenue is recognized. Factors considered in determining appropriate accruals for product warranty obligations include the size of the installed base of products subject to warranty protection, historical and projected warranty claim rates, historical and projected cost-per-claim, and knowledge of specific product failures that are outside of the Companys typical experience. The Company assesses the adequacy of its preexisting warranty liabilities and adjusts the amounts as necessary based on actual experience and changes in future estimates.
The Company periodically provides updates to its applications and system software to maintain the softwares compliance with published specifications. The estimated cost to develop such updates is accounted for as warranty costs that are recognized at the time related software revenue is recognized. Factors considered in determining appropriate accruals related to such updates include the number of units delivered, the number of updates expected to occur, and the historical cost and estimated future cost of the resources necessary to develop these updates.
The following table reconciles changes in the Companys accrued warranties and related costs for the three years ended September 26, 2009 (in millions):
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||
Beginning accrued warranty and related costs |
$ | 671 | $ | 363 | $ | 284 | ||||||
Cost of warranty claims |
(534 | ) | (493 | ) | (289 | ) | ||||||
Accruals for product warranties |
440 | 801 | 368 | |||||||||
Ending accrued warranty and related costs |
$ | 577 | $ | 671 | $ | 363 | ||||||
The Company generally does not indemnify end-users of its operating system and application software against legal claims that the software infringes third-party intellectual property rights. Other agreements entered into by the Company sometimes include indemnification provisions under which the Company could be subject to costs
56
and/or damages in the event of an infringement claim against the Company or an indemnified third-party. However, the Company has not been required to make any significant payments resulting from such an infringement claim asserted against it or an indemnified third-party and, in the opinion of management, does not have a potential liability related to unresolved infringement claims subject to indemnification that would materially adversely affect its financial condition or operating results. Therefore, the Company did not record a liability for infringement costs as of either September 26, 2009 or September 27, 2008.
The Company has entered into indemnification agreements with its directors and executive officers. Under these agreements, the Company has agreed to indemnify such individuals to the fullest extent permitted by law against liabilities that arise by reason of their status as directors or officers and to advance expenses incurred by such individuals in connection with related legal proceedings. It is not possible to determine the maximum potential amount of payments the Company could be required to make under these agreements due to the limited history of prior indemnification claims and the unique facts and circumstances involved in each claim. However, the Company maintains directors and officers liability insurance coverage to reduce its exposure to such obligations, and payments made under these agreements historically have not materially adversely affected the Companys financial condition or operating results.
Concentrations in the Available Sources of Supply of Materials and Product
Although most components essential to the Companys business are generally available from multiple sources, certain key components including but not limited to microprocessors, enclosures, certain liquid crystal displays (LCDs), certain optical drives and application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) are currently obtained by the Company from single or limited sources, which subjects the Company to significant supply and pricing risks. Many of these and other key components that are available from multiple sources including but not limited to NAND flash memory, dynamic random access memory (DRAM) and certain LCDs, are subject at times to industry-wide shortages and significant commodity pricing fluctuations. In addition, the Company has entered into certain agreements for the supply of key components including but not limited to microprocessors, NAND flash memory, DRAM and LCDs at favorable pricing, but there is no guarantee that the Company will be able to extend or renew these agreements on similar favorable terms, or at all, upon expiration or otherwise obtain favorable pricing in the future. Therefore, the Company remains subject to significant risks of supply shortages and/or price increases that can materially adversely affect its financial condition and operating results.
The Company and other participants in the personal computer, mobile communication and consumer electronics industries also compete for various components with other industries that have experienced increased demand for their products. In addition, the Company uses some custom components that are not common to the rest of the personal computer, mobile communication and consumer electronics industries, and new products introduced by the Company often utilize custom components available from only one source until the Company has evaluated whether there is a need for, and subsequently qualifies, additional suppliers. When a component or product uses new technologies, initial capacity constraints may exist until the suppliers yields have matured or manufacturing capacity has increased. If the Companys supply of a key single-sourced component for a new or existing product were delayed or constrained, if such components were available only at significantly higher prices, or if a key manufacturing vendor delayed shipments of completed products to the Company, the Companys financial condition and operating results could be materially adversely affected. The Companys business and financial performance could also be adversely affected depending on the time required to obtain sufficient quantities from the original source, or to identify and obtain sufficient quantities from an alternative source. Continued availability of these components at acceptable prices, or at all, may be affected if those suppliers decided to concentrate on the production of common components instead of components customized to meet the Companys requirements.
Significant portions of the Companys Mac computers, iPhones, iPods, logic boards and other assembled products are now manufactured by outsourcing partners, primarily in various parts of Asia. A significant concentration of this outsourced manufacturing is currently performed by only a few of the Companys outsourcing partners, often in single locations. Certain of these outsourcing partners are the sole-sourced supplier
57
of components and manufacturing outsourcing for many of the Companys key products including but not limited to final assembly of substantially all of the Companys portable Mac computers, iPhones, iPods and most of the Companys desktop products. Although the Company works closely with its outsourcing partners on manufacturing schedules, the Companys operating results could be adversely affected if its outsourcing partners were unable to meet their production commitments. The Companys purchase commitments typically cover its requirements for periods ranging from 30 to 150 days.
Long-Term Supply Agreements
The Company has entered into prepaid long-term supply agreements to secure the supply of certain inventory components. During the first quarter of 2009, a long-term supply agreement with Intel Corporation was terminated and the remaining prepaid balance of $167 million was repaid to the Company. During the second and fourth quarters of 2009, the Company made a prepayment of $500 million to LG Display for the purchase of LCD panels and a prepayment of $500 million to Toshiba to purchase NAND flash memory, respectively. As of September 26, 2009, the Company had a total of $1.2 billion of inventory component prepayments outstanding.
Contingencies
The Company is subject to certain other legal proceedings and claims that have arisen in the ordinary course of business and have not been fully adjudicated, which are discussed in Part I, Item 3 of this Form 10-K under the heading Legal Proceedings. In the opinion of management, the Company does not have a potential liability related to any current legal proceedings and claims that would individually or in the aggregate materially adversely affect its financial condition or operating results. However, the results of legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty. If the Company failed to prevail in any of these legal matters or if several of these legal matters were resolved against the Company in the same reporting period, the operating results of a particular reporting period could be materially adversely affected.
Production and marketing of products in certain states and countries may subject the Company to environmental, product safety and other regulations including, in some instances, the requirement to provide customers the ability to return product at the end of its useful life, and place responsibility for environmentally safe disposal or recycling with the Company. Such laws and regulations have been passed in several jurisdictions in which the Company operates, including various countries within Europe and Asia and certain states and provinces within North America. Although the Company does not anticipate any material adverse effects in the future based on the nature of its operations and the thrust of such laws, there is no assurance that such existing laws or future laws will not materially adversely affect the Companys financial condition or operating results.
Note 10 Segment Information and Geographic Data
The Company reports segment information based on the management approach. The management approach designates the internal reporting used by management for making decisions and assessing performance as the source of the Companys reportable segments.
The Company manages its business primarily on a geographic basis. Accordingly, the Company determined its operating segments, which are generally based on the nature and location of its customers, to be the Americas, Europe, Japan, Asia-Pacific, Retail and FileMaker operations. The Companys reportable operating segments consist of Americas, Europe, Japan and Retail operations. Other operating segments include Asia Pacific, which encompasses Australia and Asia except for Japan and the Companys FileMaker, Inc. subsidiary. The Americas, Europe, Japan and Asia Pacific segments exclude activities related to the Retail segment. The Americas segment includes both North and South America. The Europe segment includes European countries, as well as the Middle East and Africa. The Retail segment operates Apple-owned retail stores in the U.S. and in international markets. Each reportable operating segment provides similar hardware and software products and similar services to the same types of customers. The accounting policies of the various segments are the same as those described in Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.
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The Company evaluates the performance of its operating segments based on net sales and operating income. Net sales for geographic segments are generally based on the location of customers, while Retail segment net sales are based on sales from the Companys retail stores. Operating income for each segment includes net sales to third parties, related cost of sales and operating expenses directly attributable to the segment. Advertising expenses are generally included in the geographic segment in which the expenditures are incurred. Operating income for each segment excludes other income and expense and certain expenses managed outside the operating segments. Costs excluded from segment operating income include various corporate expenses, such as manufacturing costs and variances not included in standard costs, research and development, corporate marketing expenses, stock-based compensation expense, income taxes, various nonrecurring charges, and other separately managed general and administrative costs. The Company does not include intercompany transfers between segments for management reporting purposes. Segment assets exclude corporate assets, such as cash, short-term and long-term investments, manufacturing and corporate facilities, miscellaneous corporate infrastructure, goodwill and other acquired intangible assets. Except for the Retail segment, capital asset purchases for long-lived assets are not reported to management by segment. Cash payments for capital asset purchases by the Retail segment were $369 million, $389 million and $294 million for 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
The Company has certain retail stores that have been designed and built to serve as high-profile venues to promote brand awareness and serve as vehicles for corporate sales and marketing activities. Because of their unique design elements, locations and size, these stores require substantially more investment than the Companys more typical retail stores. The Company allocates certain operating expenses associated with its high-profile stores to corporate marketing expense to reflect the estimated Company-wide benefit. The allocation of these operating costs to corporate expense is based on the amount incurred for a high-profile store in excess of that incurred by a more typical Company retail location. The Company had opened a total of 11 high-profile stores as of September 26, 2009. Expenses allocated to corporate marketing resulting from the operations of high-profile stores were $65 million, $53 million and $39 million for 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
Summary information by operating segment for the three years ended September 26, 2009 is as follows (in millions):
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |||||||
Americas: |
|||||||||
Net sales |
$ | 18,887 | $ | 16,447 | $ | 11,907 | |||
Operating income |
$ | 6,637 | $ | 4,874 | $ | 2,998 | |||
Depreciation, amortization and accretion |
$ | 11 | $ | 9 | $ | 9 | |||
Segment assets (a) |
$ | 1,882 | $ | 1,678 | $ | 1,250 | |||
Europe: |
|||||||||
Net sales |
$ | 11,810 | $ | 9,233 | $ | 5,469 | |||
Operating income |
$ | 4,296 | $ | 3,022 | $ | 1,350 | |||
Depreciation, amortization and accretion |
$ | 7 | $ | 6 | $ | 6 | |||
Segment assets |
$ | 1,352 | $ | 1,069 | $ | 586 | |||
Japan: |
|||||||||
Net sales |
$ | 2,279 | $ | 1,728 | $ | 1,084 | |||
Operating income |
$ | 961 | $ | 549 | $ | 233 | |||
Depreciation, amortization and accretion |
$ | 2 | $ | 2 | $ | 3 | |||
Segment assets |
$ | 483 | $ | 272 | $ | 158 | |||
Retail: |
|||||||||
Net sales |
$ | 6,656 | $ | 7,292 | $ | 4,362 | |||
Operating income |
$ | 1,677 | $ | 1,661 | $ | 876 | |||
Depreciation, amortization and accretion (b) |
$ | 146 | $ | 108 | $ | 88 | |||
Segment assets (b) |
$ | 1,344 | $ | 1,139 | $ | 908 | |||
Other Segments (c): |
|||||||||
Net sales |
$ | 3,273 | $ | 2,791 | $ | 1,756 | |||
Operating income |
$ | 1,121 | $ | 775 | $ | 389 | |||
Depreciation, amortization and accretion |
$ | 4 | $ | 4 | $ | 3 | |||
Segment assets |
$ | 543 | $ | 405 | $ | 249 |
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(a) | The Americas asset figures do not include fixed assets held in the U.S. Such fixed assets are not allocated specifically to the Americas segment and are included in the corporate assets figures below. |
(b) | Retail segment depreciation and asset figures reflect the cost and related depreciation of its retail stores and related infrastructure. |
(c) | Other Segments include Asia-Pacific and FileMaker. |
A reconciliation of the Companys segment operating income and assets to the consolidated financial statements for the three years ended September 26, 2009 is as follows (in millions):
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||||||
Segment operating income |
$ | 14,692 | $ | 10,881 | $ | 5,846 | ||||||
Other corporate expenses, net (a) |
(2,242 | ) | (2,038 | ) | (1,197 | ) | ||||||
Stock-based compensation expense |
(710 | ) | (516 | ) | (242 | ) | ||||||
Total operating income |
$ | 11,740 | $ | 8,327 | $ | 4,407 | ||||||
Segment assets |
$ | 5,604 | $ | 4,563 | $ | 3,151 | ||||||
Corporate assets |
41,897 | 31,608 | 21,727 | |||||||||
Consolidated assets |
$ | 47,501 | $ | 36,171 |