FORM 10-Q
Table of Contents

 
 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
QUARTERLY REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
(Mark One)
     
þ   QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 27, 2008
OR
     
o   TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ________ to ________
Commission file number 1-4171
KELLOGG COMPANY
     
 
   
State of Incorporation—Delaware
  IRS Employer Identification No.38-0710690
One Kellogg Square, P.O. Box 3599, Battle Creek, MI 49016-3599
Registrant’s telephone number: 269-961-2000
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer þ Accelerated filer o  Non-accelerated filer o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes o No þ
Common Stock outstanding as of October 24, 2008 — 381,699,945 shares
 
 

 


 

KELLOGG COMPANY
INDEX
     
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  30
 
   
   
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  31
 
   
  32
Rule 13a-14(e)/15d-14(a) Certification from A. D. David Mackay
   
Rule 13a-14(e)/15d-14(a) Certification from John A. Bryant
   
Section 1350 Certification from A. D. David Mackay
   
Section 1350 Certification from John A. Bryant
   

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Table of Contents

Part I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements.
Kellogg Company and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
(millions, except per share data)
                 
    September 27,   December 29,
    2008   2007
    (unaudited)   *
 
 
               
Current assets
               
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 684     $ 524  
Accounts receivable, net
    1,243       1,011  
Inventories:
               
Raw materials and supplies
    236       234  
Finished goods and materials in process
    671       690  
Deferred income taxes
    145       103  
Other prepaid assets
    128       140  
 
 
               
Total current assets
    3,107       2,702  
 
               
Property, net of accumulated depreciation of $4,432 and $4,313
    3,067       2,990  
Goodwill
    3,652       3,515  
Other intangibles, net of accumulated amortization of $42 and $41
    1,449       1,450  
Pension
    511       481  
Other assets
    252       259  
 
 
               
Total assets
  $ 12,038     $ 11,397  
 
 
               
Current liabilities
               
Current maturities of long-term debt
  $ 2     $ 466  
Notes payable
    1,539       1,489  
Accounts payable
    1,134       1,081  
Accrued advertising and promotion
    417       378  
Accrued income taxes
    30        
Accrued salaries and wages
    262       316  
Other current liabilities
    388       314  
 
 
               
Total current liabilities
    3,772       4,044  
 
               
Long-term debt
    4,008       3,270  
Deferred income taxes
    708       647  
Other liabilities
    931       910  
 
               
Shareholders’ equity
               
Common stock, $.25 par value
    105       105  
Capital in excess of par value
    424       388  
Retained earnings
    4,790       4,217  
Treasury stock, at cost
    (1,812 )     (1,357 )
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
    (888 )     (827 )
 
 
               
Total shareholders’ equity
    2,619       2,526  
 
 
               
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
  $ 12,038     $ 11,397  
 
*   Condensed from audited financial statements.
Refer to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Kellogg Company and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF EARNINGS
(millions, except per share data)
                                 
    Quarter ended   Year-to-date period ended
    September 27,   September 29,   September 27,   September 29,
(Results are unaudited)   2008   2007   2008   2007
 
 
                               
Net sales
  $ 3,288     $ 3,004     $ 9,889     $ 8,982  
 
                               
Cost of goods sold
    1,885       1,662       5,678       4,999  
Selling, general and administrative expense
    870       850       2,603       2,474  
 
 
                               
Operating profit
    533       492       1,608       1,509  
 
                               
Interest expense
    71       79       230       233  
Other income (expense), net
    13       3       (6 )     5  
 
 
                               
Earnings before income taxes
    475       416       1,372       1,281  
Income taxes
    133       111       403       354  
 
                               
Net earnings
  $ 342     $ 305     $ 969     $ 927  
 
 
                               
Net earnings per share:
                               
Basic
  $ .90     $ .77     $ 2.54     $ 2.34  
Diluted
  $ .89     $ .76     $ 2.51     $ 2.31  
 
                               
Dividends per share
  $ .3400     $ .3100     $ .9600     $ .8920  
 
 
                               
Average shares outstanding:
                               
Basic
    380       395       382       397  
 
Diluted
    384       399       385       401  
 
 
                               
Actual shares outstanding at period end
                    381       394  
 
Refer to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Kellogg Company and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
(millions)
                 
    Year-to-date period ended
    September 27,   September 29,
(unaudited)   2008   2007
 
 
               
Operating activities
               
Net earnings
  $ 969     $ 927  
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to operating cash flows:
               
Depreciation and amortization
    274       275  
Deferred income taxes
    (12 )     (114 )
Other (a)
    122       138  
Postretirement benefit plan contributions
    (60 )     (42 )
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
               
Trade receivables
    (182 )     (210 )
Inventories
    33       (11 )
Accounts payable
    31       103  
Accrued income taxes
    27       22  
Accrued interest expense
    53       47  
Accrued and prepaid advertising, promotion and trade allowances
    35       95  
Accrued salaries and wages
    (62 )     (42 )
Exit plan-related reserves
    (4 )     (3 )
All other current assets and liabilities
    (36 )     68  
 
 
               
Net cash provided by operating activities
    1,188       1,253  
 
 
               
Investing activities
               
Additions to properties
    (295 )     (292 )
Acquisitions of business, net of cash acquired
    (212 )      
Other
    11       (4 )
 
 
               
Net cash used in investing activities
    (496 )     (296 )
 
 
               
Financing activities
               
Net issuances of notes payable
    48       566  
Issuances of long-term debt
    756        
Reductions of long-term debt
    (466 )     (730 )
Issuances of common stock
    155       141  
Common stock repurchases
    (650 )     (417 )
Cash dividends
    (365 )     (354 )
Other
    14       8  
 
 
               
Net cash used in financing activities
    (508 )     (786 )
 
 
               
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash
    (24 )     (6 )
 
 
               
Increase in cash and cash equivalents
    160       165  
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
    524       411  
 
 
               
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
  $ 684     $ 576  
 
(a)   Consists principally of non-cash expense accruals for employee compensation and benefit obligations.
Refer to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
for the quarter and year-to-date periods ended September 27, 2008 (unaudited)
Note 1 Accounting policies
Basis of presentation
The unaudited interim financial information included in this report reflects normal recurring adjustments that management believes are necessary for a fair statement of the results of operations, financial position, and cash flows for the periods presented. This interim information should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and accompanying notes contained on pages 34 to 57 of the Company’s 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The condensed balance sheet data at December 29, 2007 was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The results of operations for the quarterly and year-to-date periods ended September 27, 2008 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for other interim periods or the full year.
The Company’s fiscal year normally ends on the Saturday closest to December 31 and as a result, a 53rd week is added approximately every sixth year. The Company’s 2008 fiscal year will end on January 3, 2009, and include a 53rd week. While quarters normally consist of 13-week periods, the fourth quarter of fiscal 2008 will include a 14th week.
The accounting policies used in preparing these financial statements are the same as those applied in the prior year, except that the Company adopted a portion of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (SFAS) No. 157 “Fair Value Measurements” as of the beginning of its 2008 fiscal year. Adoption of the SFAS No. 157 provisions as of the beginning of the 2008 fiscal year did not have an impact on the measurement of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities but resulted in additional disclosures contained in Note 11 herein.
New accounting pronouncements
In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” an amendment of SFAS No. 133. SFAS No. 161 requires companies to disclose their objectives and strategies for using derivative instruments, whether or not their derivatives are designated as hedging instruments. The new pronouncement requires disclosure of the fair value of derivative instruments by primary underlying risk exposures (e.g. interest rate, credit, foreign exchange rate, combination of interest rate and foreign exchange rate, or overall price). It also requires detailed disclosures about the income statement impact of derivative instruments by designation as fair-value hedges, cash-flow hedges, or hedges of the foreign-currency exposure of a net investment in a foreign operation. SFAS No. 161 requires disclosure of information that will enable financial statement users to understand the level of derivative activity entered into by the company (e.g., total number of interest-rate swaps or total notional or quantity or percentage of forecasted commodity purchases that are being hedged). The principles of SFAS No. 161 may be applied on a prospective basis and are effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008. Early application is encouraged. For the Company, SFAS No. 161 will be effective at the beginning of its 2009 fiscal year and will result in additional disclosures in notes to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In February 2008, the FASB issued Staff Position (FSP) FAS-157-2, which delays by one year, the effective date of SFAS No. 157 for all non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities. We plan to adopt SFAS No. 157 for non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities as of the beginning of our 2009 fiscal year. Adoption will result in additional disclosures in notes to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141(R), “Business Combinations” and SFAS No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements”. SFAS No. 141(R) and SFAS No. 160 will be adopted by the Company at the beginning of its 2009 fiscal year. Because SFAS No. 141(R) is applied prospectively, the effect of adoption on the Company’s financial statements will depend primarily on specific transactions completed after 2008. The impact of adoption of SFAS No. 160 will depend on the materiality of any non-controlling interests that arise from future transactions. Further information on these accounting pronouncements is located on page 37 of the Company’s 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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Note 2 Acquisitions and goodwill and other intangible assets
Acquisitions
The Company made acquisitions during the year-to-date period ended September 27, 2008 in order to expand its presence geographically and increase manufacturing capacity. During the quarter ended September 27, 2008, acquisitions included Specialty Cereals, IndyBake Products/Brownie Products and a controlling interest in Navigable Foods. In addition, in the first quarter of 2008, the Company acquired United Bakers.
Assets, liabilities, and results of the acquired businesses have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements since the date of acquisition; such amounts were insignificant to the Company’s consolidated financial position and results of operations.
In addition, the pro forma effect of these acquisitions on the Company’s results of operations, as though these business combinations had been completed at the beginning of either 2008 or 2007, would have been immaterial when considered individually or in the aggregate.
Specialty Cereals
In September 2008, the Company acquired Specialty Cereals of Sydney, Australia for $37 million, including transaction fees. The purchase price is subject to certain post-closing adjustments. Specialty Cereals manufactures and distributes natural ready-to-eat cereals.
To date, the Company paid $37 million cash in connection with the transaction, including approximately $5 million to the seller’s lenders to settle debt of the acquired entity. Assets acquired consisted primarily of property, plant and equipment of $19 million and goodwill of $18 million (which will not be deductible for income tax purposes). These amounts represent the preliminary allocation of purchase price and are subject to revision when appraisals are finalized, which will occur during the fourth quarter of 2008.
IndyBake Products/Brownie Products
In August 2008, the Company acquired certain assets and liabilities of the business of IndyBake Products and Brownie Products (collectively, “IndyBake”), located in Indiana and Illinois, for $42 million, including transaction fees. The purchase price is subject to certain post-closing adjustments. IndyBake, a contract manufacturing business that produces cracker, cookie and frozen dough products, had been a partner to Kellogg for many years as a snacks contract manufacturer.
To date, the Company paid $41 million cash in connection with the transaction, including approximately $8 million to the seller’s lenders to settle debt of the acquired entity. Assets acquired consisted primarily of property, plant and equipment of $12 million and goodwill of $23 million (which will be deductible for income tax purposes). These amounts represent the preliminary allocation of purchase price and are subject to revision when appraisals are finalized, which will occur during the fourth quarter of 2008.
Navigable Foods
In June 2008, the Company acquired a majority interest in the business of Zhenghang Food Company Ltd. (“Navigable Foods”) for $35 million (net of cash received), including transaction fees. The purchase price is subject to certain post-closing adjustments. Navigable Foods is a manufacturer of cookies and crackers in the northern and northeastern regions of China, with approximately 1,800 employees, two manufacturing facilities and a sales and distribution network.
During the year-to-date period ended September 27, 2008, the Company paid a total of $29 million in connection with the acquisition, including approximately $22 million to lenders and other third parties to settle debt and other obligations of the acquired entity. The purchase price payable at September 29, 2008 amounted to $6 million and was recorded on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet in other liabilities. Assets acquired consisted primarily of property, plant and equipment of $23 million and goodwill of $18 million (which will be deductible for income tax purposes). The purchase price allocation is substantially complete.
The Company recorded minority interest of $6 million in connection with the acquisition, and obtained the option to purchase the minority interest beginning June 30, 2011. The minority interest holder also obtained the option to cause the Company to purchase its remaining interest. The options, which have similar terms, include an exercise price that is expected to approximate fair value on the date of exercise.
United Bakers
In January 2008, subsidiaries of the Company acquired substantially all of the equity interests in OJSC Kreker (doing business as “United Bakers”) and consolidated subsidiaries. The Company is in the process of acquiring the remaining minority interests through tender offers. United Bakers is a leading producer of cereal, cookie, and cracker products in Russia, with approximately 4,000 employees, six manufacturing facilities, and a broad distribution network.

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The Company paid $110 million cash (net of $5 million cash acquired), including approximately $67 million to settle debt and other assumed obligations of the acquired entities. Of the total cash paid, $5 million was spent in 2007 for transaction fees and advances. The remaining amount of $105 million has been classified as an investing activity cash outflow in the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the period ended September 27, 2008. The Company expects to incur approximately $3 million in additional purchase price payments for transactional costs and the acquisition of the remaining minority interests.
In addition, the purchase agreement between the Company and the seller provides for the payment of a currently undeterminable amount of contingent consideration at the end of three years, which will be calculated based on the growth of sales and earnings before income taxes, depreciation and amortization. Such payment would be recognized as additional purchase price when the contingency is resolved.
As of September 27, 2008 the purchase price allocation for United Bakers was as follows:
         
(millions)   asset/(liability)
 
Cash
  $ 5  
Property, net
    60  
Goodwill (a)
    77  
Working capital, net (b)
    (11 )
Long-term debt
    (3 )
Deferred income taxes
    (8 )
Other
    (5 )
 
Total
  $ 115  
 
(a)   Goodwill is not expected to be tax deductible.
 
(b)   Inventory, receivables and other current assets less current liabilities.
Goodwill and other intangible assets
Intangible assets subject to amortization
                                 
(millions)   Gross carrying amount   Accumulated amortization
    September 27,   December 29,   September 27,   December 29,
    2008   2007   2008   2007
 
Trademarks
  $ 19     $ 19     $ 14     $ 13  
Other
    29       29       28       28  
 
Total
  $ 48     $ 48     $ 42     $ 41  
 
For intangible assets in the preceding table, amortization was less than $1 million for each of the current and prior year-to-date periods. The currently estimated aggregate amortization expense for full-year 2008 and each of the four succeeding fiscal years is approximately $1 million per year and less than $1 million for the fifth succeeding fiscal year.
Intangible assets not subject to amortization
                 
(millions)   Total carrying amount
    September 27,   December 29,
    2008   2007
 
Trademarks
  $ 1,443     $ 1,443  
 
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the year-to-date period ended September 27, 2008 are presented in the following table.
The purchase accounting amounts in the table below were related to minor opening balance sheet adjustments for our November 2007 acquisitions of Bear Naked and certain assets and liabilities of Wholesome & Hearty Food Company. During the first quarter of 2008, the Company acquired United Bakers, a cookie and cracker company in Russia and recorded $77 million of goodwill. In the third quarter of 2008, the Company acquired Specialty Cereals, Navigable Foods and certain assets and liabilities of IndyBake and recorded goodwill of $59 million. Certain of the Company’s goodwill balances are subject to foreign currency translation adjustments. Fluctuations in exchange rates contributed to the change in goodwill balance for the period.

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Carrying amount of goodwill
                                         
(millions)   North America   Europe   Latin America   Asia Pacific (a)   Consolidated
 
December 29, 2007
  $ 3,513     $     $     $ 2     $ 3,515  
Purchase accounting adjustments
    1                         1  
Acquisitions
    23       77             36       136  
Currency translation adjustment
          (1 )           1        
 
September 27, 2008
  $ 3,537     $ 76     $ 0     $ 39     $ 3,652  
 
(a)   Includes Australia, Asia and South Africa.
Note 3 Exit or disposal plans
The Company views its continued spending on cost-reduction initiatives as part of its ongoing operating principles to provide greater visibility in achieving our long-term profit growth targets. Initiatives undertaken are currently expected to recover cash implementation costs within a five-year period of completion. Each cost-reduction initiative is normally up to three years in duration. Upon completion (or as each major stage is completed in the case of multi-year programs), the project begins to deliver cash savings and/or reduced depreciation.
Ongoing initiatives
The Company currently has two ongoing initiatives: the European manufacturing optimization plan (Manchester, England) and the reorganization of production processes to reflect changing market dynamics (Valls, Spain and Bremen, Germany). Total costs associated with these ongoing initiatives were $3 million and $2 million during the quarterly periods ended September 27, 2008 and September 29, 2007, respectively; on a year-to-date basis the costs for 2008 and 2007 amounted to $14 million and $14 million respectively. These costs were recorded in cost of goods sold and were attributable to the Europe operating segment.
The Company commenced the multi-year European manufacturing optimization plan in 2006 to improve utilization of its facility in Manchester, England and to better align production in Europe. Based on forecasted foreign exchange rates, the Company currently expects to incur approximately $55 million in total project costs. Of the $55 million in total project costs, $50 million has been incurred to date, of which $21 million represented costs related to employee severance. Refer to page 39 of the Company’s 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information on this initiative.
The following tables present quarter and year-to-date project costs for the European manufacturing optimization plan. There were no exit cost reserves for this project at September 27, 2008 and December 29, 2007.
                                 
    Project costs
    Quarter ended   Year-to-date period ended
(millions)   September 27, 2008   September 29, 2007   September 27, 2008   September 29, 2007
 
Employee severance
  $     $     $ 3     $ 7  
Other cash costs (a)
    1       2       2       4  
Asset write-offs (b)
                (4 )     3  
Retirement benefits (c)
                2        
 
Total
  $ 1     $ 2     $ 3     $ 14  
 
(a)   Primarily includes expenditures for equipment removal and relocation, and temporary contracted services to facilitate employee transitions.
 
(b)   Net of gain on the sale of assets previously written down to estimated fair market value less cost to sell.
 
(c)   Pension plan curtailment losses and special termination benefits recognized under SFAS No. 88 “Accounting for Settlements and Curtailments of Defined Benefit Pension Plans and for Termination Benefits.”
The Company commenced the reorganization of certain production processes at the Company’s plants in Valls, Spain and Bremen, Germany in October 2007. Based on forecasted foreign exchange rates, the Company expects to incur approximately $20 million of total project costs, comprised of asset write-offs, employee separation benefits and other cash costs. Of the $20 million in total project costs, $15 million has been incurred to date, of which $6 million represented costs related to employee severance. This initiative is expected to be completed by the end of 2008. Refer to page 40 of the Company’s 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information on this initiative.

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The following tables present quarter and year-to-date project costs for the reorganization of production processes at the Company’s plants in Valls, Spain and Bremen, Germany, along with a reconciliation of employee severance reserves for this initiative.
                 
    Project costs
            Year-to-date period ended
    Quarter ended   September 27,
(millions)   September 27, 2008   2008
 
Employee severance
  $     $ 4  
Asset write-offs
    2       6  
Other cash costs (a)
          1  
 
Total
  $ 2     $ 11  
 
(a)   Primarily includes expenditures for equipment removal and relocation, and legal and consulting fees to facilitate employee transitions.
         
    Employee severance
(millions)   reserves
 
December 29, 2007
  $ 2  
Accruals
    4  
Payments
    (5 )
 
September 27, 2008
  $ 1  
 
2007 initiative
Selling, general, and administrative expense for the quarter and year-to-date periods ended September 29, 2007, included total exit plan-related charges of $28 million and $66 million, respectively. These costs were recorded in the Company’s North America operating segment and related to the reorganization of the Company’s direct store-door delivery (DSD) operations in the southeastern United States. This initiative has been completed.
Note 4 Other income (expense), net
Other income (expense), net includes non-operating items such as interest income, charitable donations, foreign exchange gains and losses and costs related to commodity options. The Company recognized a net foreign exchange gain of $9 million for the quarter, and a net foreign exchange loss of $4 million for the year-to-date period ended September 27, 2008, as compared to losses of $3 million and $10 million, respectively, for the quarter and year-to-date periods ended September 29, 2007. Income recognized for premiums on commodity options was $1 million for the quarter, and expense of $9 million for the year-to-date period ended September 27, 2008, as compared to expense of $4 million and $5 million for the quarter and year-to-date periods ended September 29, 2007, respectively. Interest income for the quarter and year-to-date periods ended September 27, 2008 was $5 million and $15 million, respectively. Interest income for the quarter and year-to-date periods ended September 29, 2007 was $6 million and $15 million, respectively.
Note 5 Equity
Earnings per share
Basic net earnings per share is determined by dividing net earnings by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net earnings per share is similarly determined, except that the denominator is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if all dilutive potential common shares had been issued. Dilutive potential common shares are comprised principally of employee stock options issued by the Company, and to a lesser extent, certain contingently issuable performance shares. Basic net earnings per share is reconciled to diluted net earnings per share in the following table. The total number of anti-dilutive potential common shares excluded from the reconciliation totaled .3 million and 1.9 million shares for the quarter and year-to-date periods ended September 27, 2008, as compared to .2 million and .7 million shares for the quarter and year-to-date periods ended September 29, 2007.

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Quarter           Average   Net
(millions, except   Net   shares   earnings
per share data)   earnings   outstanding   per share
 
2008
                       
Basic
  $ 342       380     $ .90  
Dilutive potential common shares
          4       (.01 )
 
Diluted
  $ 342       384     $ .89  
 
2007
                       
Basic
  $ 305       395     $ .77  
Dilutive potential common shares
          4       (.01 )
 
Diluted
  $ 305       399     $ .76  
 
                         
Year-to-date           Average   Net
(millions, except   Net   shares   earnings
per share data)   earnings   outstanding   per share
 
2008
                       
Basic
  $ 969       382     $ 2.54  
Dilutive potential common shares
          3       (.03 )
 
Diluted
  $ 969       385     $ 2.51  
 
2007
                       
Basic
  $ 927       397     $ 2.34  
Dilutive potential common shares
          4       (.03 )
 
Diluted
  $ 927       401     $ 2.31  
 
During the year-to-date period ended September 27, 2008, the Company issued 1 million shares to employees and directors under various benefit plans and stock purchase programs, as further discussed in Note 8. To offset these issuances and for general corporate purposes, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized management to repurchase up to $650 million of the Company’s common stock during 2008. In connection with this authorization, during the year-to-date period ended September 27, 2008, the Company spent $650 million to repurchase approximately 13 million shares. On July 25, 2008, the Board approved an additional stock repurchase of up to $500 million of the Company’s common stock.
Comprehensive income
Comprehensive income includes net earnings and all other changes in equity during a period except those resulting from investments by or distributions to shareholders. Other comprehensive income for all periods presented consists of foreign currency translation adjustments pursuant to SFAS No. 52 “Foreign Currency Translation”, fair value adjustments associated with cash flow hedges pursuant to SFAS No. 133 “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities”, and adjustments for net experience losses and prior service cost pursuant to SFAS No. 158 “Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans.”
The Company’s benefit plan-related net experience losses and prior service cost decreased by $24 million during the quarter ended September 27, 2008 due to foreign currency remeasurement. Additionally, for the year-to-date period ended September 27, 2008, the Company recorded a net decrease to its defined benefit pension and postretirement plan obligations of $1 million, comprised of $31 million increase for census-related valuation update and $32 million decrease for foreign currency remeasurement.

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During the third quarter of 2007, the Company recorded an increase to its defined benefit pension and postretirement plan obligations of $10 million due to foreign currency remeasurement. Additionally, for the year-to-date period ended September 29, 2007, the Company recorded a net increase to its defined benefit pension and postretirement plan obligations of $49 million, comprised of $26 million for census-related valuation update and $23 million for foreign currency remeasurement.
Quarter
                         
    Pre-tax   Tax (expense)   After-tax
(millions)   amount   or benefit   amount
 
2008
                       
Net earnings
                  $ 342  
Other comprehensive income:
                       
Foreign currency translation adjustments
    (160 )           (160 )
Cash flow hedges:
                       
Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges
    (103 )     36       (67 )
Reclassification to net earnings
    (4 )     1       (3 )
Postretirement and postemployment benefits:
                       
Amounts arising during the period:
                       
Net experience loss
    22       (7 )     15  
Prior service cost
    2       (1 )     1  
Reclassification to net earnings:
                       
Net experience loss
    11       (4 )     7  
Prior service cost
    3       (1 )     2  
 
 
    (229 )     24       (205 )
 
Total comprehensive income
                  $ 137  
 
                         
    Pre-tax   Tax (expense)   After-tax
(millions)   amount   or benefit   amount
 
2007
                       
Net earnings
                  $ 305  
Other comprehensive income:
                       
Foreign currency translation adjustments
    11             11  
Cash flow hedges:
                       
Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges
    5       (2 )     3  
Reclassification to net earnings
    (3 )     1       (2 )
Postretirement and postemployment benefits:
                       
Amounts arising during the period:
                       
Net experience loss
    (9 )     (3 )     (12 )
Prior service cost
    (1 )           (1 )
Reclassification to net earnings:
                       
Net experience loss
    23       (8 )     15  
Prior service cost
    3       (1 )     2  
 
 
    29       (13 )     16  
 
Total comprehensive income
                  $ 321  
 

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Year-to-date
                         
    Pre-tax   Tax (expense)   After-tax
(millions)   amount   or benefit   amount
 
2008
                       
Net earnings
                  $ 969  
Other comprehensive income:
                       
Foreign currency translation adjustments
    (77 )           (77 )
Cash flow hedges:
                       
Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges
    (13 )     4       (9 )
Reclassification to net earnings
    (7 )     2       (5 )
Postretirement and postemployment benefits:
                       
Amounts arising during the period:
                       
Net experience loss
    (4 )     2       (2 )
Prior service cost
    5       (2 )     3  
Reclassification to net earnings:
                       
Net experience loss
    35       (12 )     23  
Prior service cost
    9       (3 )     6  
 
 
    (52 )     (9 )     (61 )
 
Total comprehensive income
                  $ 908  
 
                         
    Pre-tax   Tax (expense)   After-tax
(millions)   amount   or benefit   amount
 
2007
                       
Net earnings
                  $ 927  
Other comprehensive income:
                       
Foreign currency translation adjustments
    38             38  
Cash flow hedges:
                       
Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges
    22       (8 )     14  
Reclassification to net earnings
    (2 )     1       (1 )
Postretirement and postemployment benefits:
                       
Amounts arising during the period:
                       
Net experience loss
    (47 )     10       (37 )
Prior service cost
    (2 )           (2 )
Reclassification to net earnings:
                       
Net experience loss
    68       (23 )     45  
Prior service cost
    8       (3 )     5  
 
 
    85       (23 )     62  
 
Total comprehensive income
                  $ 989  
 

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Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as of September 27, 2008 and December 29, 2007 consisted of the following:
                 
    September 27,   December 29,
(millions)   2008   2007
 
 
               
Foreign currency translation adjustments
  $ (482 )   $ (405 )
Cash flow hedges — unrealized net loss
    (20 )     (6 )
Postretirement and postemployment benefits:
               
Net experience loss
    (341 )     (362 )
Prior service cost
    (45 )     (54 )
 
 
               
Total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
  $ (888 )   $ (827 )
 
Note 6 Leases and other commitments
Refer to disclosures contained on page 43 of our 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K. There have been no material changes in our leases and other commitments since December 29, 2007.
Note 7 Debt
On March 6, 2008, the Company issued $750 million of five-year 4.25% fixed rate U.S. Dollar Notes, using the proceeds from these Notes to retire a portion of its U.S. commercial paper. These Notes were issued under an existing shelf registration statement. The Notes contain customary covenants that limit the ability of the Company and its restricted subsidiaries (as defined) to incur certain liens or enter into certain sale and lease-back transactions, as well as a change of control provision.
In conjunction with the March 2008 debt issuance, the Company entered into interest rate swaps with notional amounts totaling $750 million, which effectively converted this debt from a fixed rate to a floating rate obligation for the duration of the five-year term. These derivative instruments, which were designated as fair value hedges of the debt obligation, resulted in an effective interest rate of 3.711% as of September 27, 2008. At September 27, 2008, Other Liabilities of $19 million have been recorded to reflect the fair value of interest rate swaps, offset by a decrease in the fair value of the related Long-Term Debt on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet.
In December 2005, the Company redeemed $35 million of a $500 million, five-year 2.875% fixed rate U.S. Dollar Notes that were originally issued in June 2003. The Company repaid the remainder of the Notes in June 2008.
As of September 27, 2008, Notes Payable included commercial paper outstanding in the amount of $1,474 million.
Refer to pages 43-44 of the Company’s 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K for comparable information as of December 29, 2007.
Note 8 Stock compensation
The Company uses various equity-based compensation programs to provide long-term performance incentives for its global workforce. Currently, these incentives consist principally of stock options, and to a lesser extent, executive performance shares and restricted stock grants. Additionally, the Company awards stock options and restricted stock to its non-employee directors. These awards are administered through several plans, as described on pages 44 to 47 of the Company’s 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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The Company classifies pre-tax stock compensation expense in selling, general, and administrative expense principally within its corporate operations. For further information on the Company’s stock compensation accounting methods, refer to page 35 of the Company’s 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
For the periods presented, compensation expense for all types of equity-based programs and the related income tax benefit recognized are as follows:
                                 
    Quarter ended   Year-to-date period ended
(millions)   September 27, 2008   September 29, 2007   September 27, 2008   September 29, 2007
     
Pre-tax compensation expense
  $ 13     $ 18     $ 66     $ 65  
 
Related income tax benefit
  $ 4     $ 6     $ 23     $ 23  
 
Pre-tax compensation expense for the year-to-date period ended September 27, 2008 included $4 million of expense related to the modification of certain stock options to eliminate the accelerated ownership feature (“AOF”) and $13 million representing cash compensation to holders of modified stock options to replace the value of the AOF, which is discussed in the following section, “Stock options”.
As of September 27, 2008, total stock-based compensation cost related to non-vested awards not yet recognized was approximately $36 million and the weighted-average period over which this amount is expected to be recognized was approximately 1.3 years.
Stock options
Effective April 25, 2008, the Company eliminated the AOF from all outstanding stock options. Stock options that contained the AOF feature included the vested pre-2004 option awards and all reload options. Reload options are the stock options awarded to eligible employees and directors to replace previously owned Company stock used by those individuals to pay the exercise price, including related employment taxes, of vested pre-2004 options awards containing the AOF. The reload options were immediately vested with an expiration date which was the same as the original option grant. Apart from removing the AOF, the stock options were not otherwise affected. Holders of the stock options received cash compensation to replace the value of the AOF.
The Company accounted for the elimination of the AOF as a modification in accordance with SFAS No. 123(R), “Share-Based Payment,” which required the Company to record a modification charge equal to the difference between the value of the modified stock options on the date of modification and their values immediately prior to modification. Since the modified stock options were 100% vested and had relatively short remaining contractual terms of one to five years, the Company used a Black-Scholes model to value the awards for the purpose of calculating the modification charge. The total fair value of the modified stock options increased by $4 million due to an increase in the expected term.
As a result of this action, pre-tax compensation expense for the year-to-date period ended September 27, 2008 included $4 million of expense related to the modification of stock options and $13 million representing cash compensation paid to holders of the stock options to replace the value of the AOF. Approximately 900 employees were holders of the modified stock options.
During the year-to-date periods ended September 27, 2008 and September 29, 2007, the Company granted non-qualified stock options to eligible employees and outside directors as presented in the following activity tables. Terms of these grants and the Company’s methods for determining grant-date fair value of the awards were consistent with that described on page 46 of the Company’s 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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Year-to-date period ended September 27, 2008:
                                 
                    Weighted-    
            Weighted-   average   Aggregate
            average   remaining   intrinsic
Employee and director   Shares   exercise   contractual   value
stock options   (millions)   price   term (yrs.)   (millions)
 
Outstanding, beginning of period
    26     $ 44                  
Granted
    5       51                  
Exercised
    (4 )     42                  
Forfeitures and expirations
                           
 
Outstanding, end of period
    27     $ 45       5.9     $ 308  
 
Exercisable, end of period
    21     $ 44       5.1     $ 273  
 
Year-to-date period ended September 29, 2007:
                                 
                    Weighted-    
            Weighted-   average   Aggregate
            average   remaining   intrinsic
Employee and director   Shares   exercise   contractual   value
stock options   (millions)   price   term (yrs.)   (millions)
 
Outstanding, beginning of period
    27     $ 41                  
Granted
    7       51                  
Exercised
    (7 )     41                  
Forfeitures and expirations
                           
 
Outstanding, end of period
    27     $ 44       6.2     $ 263  
 
Exercisable, end of period
    21     $ 42       5.3     $ 246  
 
The weighted-average fair value of options granted was $7.90 per share for the year-to-date period ended September 27, 2008 and $7.27 per share for the year-to-date period ended September 29, 2007. The fair value was estimated using the following assumptions:
                                 
            Weighted-   Weighted-    
    Weighted-   average   average risk-    
    average expected   expected term   free interest   Dividend
    volatility   (years)   rate   yield
 
Grants within the year-to-date period ended September 27, 2008
    20.74 %     4.08       2.66 %     2.40 %
 
The total intrinsic value of options exercised was $41 million for the year-to-date period ended September 27, 2008 and $75 million for the year-to-date period ended September 29, 2007.
Performance shares
In the first quarter of 2008, the Company granted performance shares to a limited number of senior executive-level employees, which entitle these employees to receive a specified number of shares of the Company’s common stock on the vesting date, provided cumulative three-year internal operating profit growth targets are achieved.
The 2008 target grant currently corresponds to approximately 188 thousand shares, with a grant-date fair value of $47 per share. The actual number of shares issued on the vesting date could range from zero to 200% of target, depending on actual performance achieved. For information on similar performance share awards in 2006 and 2007, refer to page 47 of the Company’s 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Based on the market price of the Company’s common stock at September 27, 2008, the maximum future value that could be awarded to employees on the vesting date is (in millions): 2008 award-$21; 2007 award-$21; and 2006 award-$28. The 2005 performance share award, payable in stock, was settled at 200% of target in February 2008 for a total dollar equivalent of $28 million.

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Note 9 Employee benefits
The Company sponsors a number of U.S. and foreign pension, other nonpension postretirement and postemployment plans to provide various benefits for its employees. These plans are described on pages 47 to 51 of the Company’s 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Components of Company plan benefit expense for the periods presented are included in the tables below.
Pension
                                 
    Quarter ended   Year-to-date period ended
(millions)   September 27, 2008   September 29, 2007   September 27, 2008   September 29, 2007
 
Service cost
  $ 21     $ 23     $ 65     $ 71  
Interest cost
    50       47       151       139  
Expected return on plan assets
    (76 )     (71 )     (230 )     (209 )
Amortization of unrecognized prior service cost
    3       5       9       10  
Recognized net loss
    9       16       27       48  
Curtailment and special termination benefits
    1             8        
 
Total pension expense — Company plans
  $ 8     $ 20     $ 30     $ 59  
 
Other nonpension postretirement
                                 
    Quarter ended   Year-to-date period ended
(millions)   September 27, 2008   September 29, 2007   September 27, 2008   September 29, 2007
 
Service cost
  $ 4     $ 6     $ 13     $ 14  
Interest cost
    17       17       50       51  
Expected return on plan assets
    (16 )     (15 )     (48 )     (45 )
Amortization of unrecognized prior service cost
          (2 )           (2 )
Recognized net loss
    1       6       5       18  
 
Postretirement benefit expense
  $ 6     $ 12     $ 20     $ 36  
 
Postemployment
                                 
    Quarter ended   Year-to-date period ended
(millions)   September 27, 2008   September 29, 2007   September 27, 2008   September 29, 2007
 
Service cost
  $ 2     $ 2     $ 4     $ 4  
Interest cost
    1             3       2  
Recognized net loss
    1       1       3       2  
 
Postemployment benefit expense
  $ 4     $ 3     $ 10     $ 8  
 
Management currently plans to contribute approximately $50 million to its defined benefit pension plans and $15 million to its retiree health and welfare benefit plans during 2008, for a total of $65 million. During 2007, the Company contributed approximately $84 million to defined benefit pension plans and $12 million to retiree health and welfare benefit plans, for a total of $96 million. Recent adverse conditions in the equity markets have caused the actual rate of return on the pension and postretirement plan assets to be significantly below the Company’s assumed long-term rate of return of 8.9%. As a result, the Company is reevaluating the funding levels for the remainder of 2008 and the full-year 2008 contributions may exceed the original projection of $65 million.
Note 10 Income taxes
Effective income tax rate
The consolidated effective income tax rate was approximately 28% for the quarter ended September 27, 2008, as compared to 27% for the comparable quarter of 2007. The third quarter 2008 provision for income taxes was positively impacted by various individually insignificant provision-to-return adjustments. The third quarter 2007 effective income tax rate was positively impacted by statutory rate reductions as discussed on page 52 of the Company’s 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
For the year-to-date period ended September 27, 2008, the consolidated effective income tax rate was 29%, as compared to 28% for the comparable prior year-to-date period.

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Uncertain tax positions
The Company adopted Interpretation No. 48 “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes” (FIN No. 48) as of the beginning of its 2007 fiscal year. This interpretation clarifies what criteria must be met prior to recognition of the financial statement benefit, in accordance with SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes,” of a position taken in a tax return. See page 53 in the Company’s 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information regarding FIN No. 48.
The Company files income taxes in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, and in various state, local and foreign jurisdictions. With limited exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal examinations by the Internal Revenue Service for years prior to 2006. During the first quarter of 2007, the IRS commenced an examination of the Company’s 2004 and 2005 U.S. federal income tax returns. A Revenue Agents Report (RAR) was issued in October, 2008 with no un-agreed issues. During the second quarter of 2008, the Company entered into the IRS’ Compliance Assurance Program (“CAP”) for the 2008 tax year. The IRS will also be performing a focused review of the 2006 and 2007 tax years which is anticipated to be completed in 2009.
As of September 27, 2008, the Company has classified approximately $20 million of unrecognized tax benefits as a current liability, representing several individually insignificant income tax positions under examination in various jurisdictions. Management’s estimate of reasonably possible changes in unrecognized tax benefits during the next twelve months is comprised of the aforementioned current liability balance expected to be settled within one year, offset by approximately $20 million of projected additions related primarily to ongoing intercompany transfer pricing activity. Management is currently unaware of any issues under review that could result in significant additional payments, accruals, or other material deviation in this estimate.
Following is a reconciliation of the Company’s total gross unrecognized tax benefits for the year-to-date period ended September 27, 2008. Approximately $122 million of this total represents the amount that, if recognized, would affect the Company’s effective income tax rate in future periods. This amount differs from the gross unrecognized tax benefits presented in the table due to the decrease in U.S. federal income taxes which would occur upon recognition of the state tax benefits included therein.
         
(millions)        
 
December 29, 2007
  $ 169  
Tax positions related to current year:
       
Additions
    23  
Reductions
     
Tax positions related to prior years:
       
Additions
    1  
Reductions
    (45 )
Settlements
    (3 )
 
September 27, 2008
  $ 145  
 
The current portion of the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits is presented in the balance sheet within accrued income taxes and the amount expected to be settled after one year is recorded in other noncurrent liabilities.
The Company classifies income tax-related interest and penalties as interest expense and selling, general, and administrative expense, respectively. For the year-to-date period ended September 27, 2008, the Company recognized expense of $4 million for tax related interest and had approximately $35 million accrued at September 27, 2008.
Note 11 Fair value measurements
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157 “Fair Value Measurements” in order to establish a single definition of fair value and a framework for measuring fair value that is intended to result in increased consistency and comparability in fair value measurements. Certain provisions of the standard were effective for the Company at the beginning of its 2008 fiscal year. Adoption of SFAS No. 157 provisions as of the beginning of the 2008 fiscal year did not have an impact on the measurement of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities but resulted in additional disclosures contained herein.
In February 2008, the FASB issued Staff Position (FSP) FAS-157-2, which delayed by one year the effective date of SFAS No. 157 for all non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities, except those that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually). The delay pertains to items including, but not limited to, non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities initially measured at fair value

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in a business combination, reporting units measured at fair value in the first step of evaluating goodwill for impairment under SFAS No. 142 “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets”, indefinite-lived intangible assets measured at fair value for impairment assessment under SFAS No. 142, and long-lived assets measured at fair value for impairment assessment under SFAS No. 144 “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets”. The Company plans to adopt the remaining provisions of SFAS No. 157 as of the beginning of its 2009 fiscal year. Balance sheet items carried at fair value on a non-recurring basis (to which SFAS No. 157 will apply in 2009) consist of assets held for sale and exit liabilities.
As required by SFAS No. 157, the Company has categorized its financial assets and liabilities into a three-level fair value hierarchy, based on the nature of the inputs used in determining fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (level 3). Following is a description of each category in the fair value hierarchy and the financial assets and liabilities of the Company that are included in each category at September 27, 2008.
Level 1 — Financial assets and liabilities whose values are based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in an active market. For the Company, level 1 financial assets and liabilities consist primarily of commodity derivative contracts.
Level 2 — Financial assets and liabilities whose values are based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or model inputs that are observable either directly or indirectly for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. Level 2 financial assets and liabilities for the Company consist of interest rate swaps and over-the-counter commodity and currency contracts.
The Company’s calculation of the fair value of interest rate swaps is derived from a discounted cash flow analysis based on the terms of the contract and the interest rate curve. Commodity derivatives are valued using an income approach based on the commodity index prices less the contract rate multiplied by the notional amount. Foreign currency contracts are valued using an income approach based on forward rates less the contract rate multiplied by the notional amount.
Level 3 — Financial assets and liabilities whose values are based on prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. These inputs reflect management’s own assumptions about the assumptions a market participant would use in pricing the asset or liability. The Company does not have any level 3 financial assets or liabilities.
The following table presents the Company’s fair value hierarchy for those assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 27, 2008:
                                 
(millions)   Level 1   Level 2   Level 3   Total
 
Assets:
                               
Derivatives (recorded in Other Receivables)
  $ 6     $ 8         $ 14  
Derivatives (recorded in Other Assets)
          16             16  
 
Total Assets
  $ 6     $ 24         $ 30  
 
 
                               
Liabilities:
                               
Derivatives (recorded in Other Current Liabilities)
  $     $ (23 )       $ (23 )
 
Note 12 Operating segments
Kellogg Company is the world’s leading producer of cereal and a leading producer of convenience foods, including cookies, crackers, toaster pastries, cereal bars, fruit snacks, frozen waffles, and veggie foods. Kellogg products are manufactured and marketed globally. Principal markets for these products include the United States and United Kingdom. The Company currently manages its operations in four geographic operating segments, comprised of North America and the three International operating segments of Europe, Latin America, and Asia Pacific.

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    Quarter ended   Year-to-date period ended
(millions)   September 27,   September 29,   September 27,   September 29,
(Results are unaudited)   2008   2007   2008   2007
 
 
                               
Net sales
                               
North America
  $ 2,156     $ 1,960     $ 6,431     $ 5,942  
Europe
    666       604       2,089       1,801  
Latin America
    277       270       813       752  
Asia Pacific (a)
    189       170       556       487  
 
Consolidated
  $ 3,288     $ 3,004     $ 9,889     $ 8,982  
 
 
                               
Segment operating profit
                               
North America
  $ 380     $ 333     $ 1,163     $ 1,059  
Europe
    113       110       347       345  
Latin America
    61       66       166       168  
Asia Pacific (a)
    26       18       79       65  
Corporate
    (47 )     (35 )     (147 )     (128 )
 
Consolidated
  $ 533     $ 492     $ 1,608     $ 1,509  
 
(a)   Includes Australia, Asia and South Africa.

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KELLOGG COMPANY
PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Results of operations
Overview
Kellogg Company is the world’s leading producer of cereal and a leading producer of convenience foods, including cookies, crackers, toaster pastries, cereal bars, fruit snacks, frozen waffles, and veggie foods. Kellogg products are manufactured and marketed globally. Principal markets for these products include the United States and United Kingdom. We currently manage our operations in four geographic operating segments, comprised of North America and the three International operating segments of Europe, Latin America, and Asia Pacific.
Our long-term annual growth targets are low single-digit (1 to 3%) for internal net sales, mid single-digit (4 to 6%) for internal operating profit and high single-digit (7 to 9%) for diluted net earnings per share. (Our measure of internal growth rates excludes the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, and if applicable, acquisitions, dispositions, and shipping day differences.) For 2008, we expect to exceed our internal net sales growth target and achieve mid single-digit (4 to 6%) growth. We expect the higher-than-targeted net sales growth to come principally from previously announced pricing initiatives, improved product mix and continued innovation. We expect to meet our operating profit and net earnings per share growth targets. We believe our continued strong financial performance provides momentum for achieving these growth targets for the full year. The foreign exchange market has become volatile in the fourth quarter of 2008. From time to time we may manage our exposure by entering into foreign currency contracts to reduce volatility in the translation of foreign currency earnings to U.S. dollars.
For full-year 2009 we expect internal net sales and operating profit to grow at mid single-digits (4 to 6%). The higher-than-targeted net sales growth will be achieved by building on our 2008 strategy including improved product mix and innovation. Volatility in the foreign exchange market makes it difficult to forecast reported net earnings per share. While non-U.S. Dollar operating profit represents 40-45% of our consolidated operating profit, 50-60% of our net income is non-U.S. Dollar denominated. This difference is because virtually all interest expense is incurred in the U.S. and we are subject to lower tax rates outside the United States. As a result, movements in foreign exchange rates against the U.S. Dollar can have a significant impact on our reported earnings per share. Excluding the impact of foreign exchange, we are confident in our ability to deliver high single-digit earnings per share growth for 2009.
For the year-to-date period ended September 27, 2008, we reported consolidated net sales growth of 10% with internal growth of 6%. Consolidated operating profit increased 7% on internal growth of 6%. Diluted net earnings per share were $2.51, as compared to $2.31 in the comparable prior year period. Similarly for the third quarter of 2008, we reported consolidated net sales growth of 9% with internal growth of 7%. Consolidated operating profit increased 9% both on an as reported and internal basis. Diluted net earnings per share grew 17% from $.76 in the third quarter of 2007 to $.89 in the current period.
Net sales and operating profit
The following table provides an analysis of net sales and operating profit performance for the third quarter of 2008 versus 2007:
                                                 
    North           Latin   Asia Pacific        
(dollars in millions)   America   Europe   America   (a)   Corporate   Consolidated
 
2008 net sales
  $ 2,156     $ 666     $ 277     $ 189     $      $ 3,288  
 
2007 net sales
  $ 1,960     $ 604     $ 270     $ 170     $      $ 3,004  
 
% change — 2008 vs. 2007:
                                               
Volume (tonnage) (b)
    4.4 %     -1.5 %     -8.1 %     7.4 %           2.3 %
Pricing/mix
    4.7 %     4.4 %     6.7 %     2.2 %           4.6 %
 
Subtotal — internal business
    9.1 %     2.9 %     -1.4 %     9.6 %           6.9 %
Acquisitions (c)
    .9 %     5.7 %           3.7 %           2.0 %
Foreign currency impact
          1.6 %     4.1 %     -1.5 %           0.6 %
 
Total change
    10.0 %     10.2 %     2.7 %     11.8 %           9.5 %
 

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    North           Latin   Asia Pacific        
(dollars in millions)   America   Europe   America   (a)   Corporate   Consolidated
 
2008 operating profit
  $ 380     $ 113     $ 61     $ 26     $ (47 )   $ 533  
 
2007 operating profit
  $ 333     $ 110     $ 66     $ 18     $ (35 )   $ 492  
 
% change — 2008 vs. 2007:
                                               
Internal business
    14.7 %     2.9 %     -10.2 %     54.6 %     -35.8 %     8.6 %
Acquisitions (c)
    -.4 %     2.0 %           -6.0 %           0.0 %
Foreign currency impact
    -.1 %     -2.0 %     3.9 %     -1.6 %           0.0 %
 
Total change
    14.2 %     2.9 %     -6.3 %     47.0 %     -35.8 %     8.6 %
 
(a)   Includes Australia, Asia and South Africa.
 
(b)   We measure the volume impact (tonnage) on revenues based on the stated weight of our product shipments.
 
(c)   Impact of results for the quarterly period ended September 27, 2008 from the acquisitions of United Bakers, Bear Naked, Specialty Cereals, Navigable Foods and certain assets and liabilities of the Wholesome & Hearty Foods Company and IndyBake Products.
Our strong consolidated net sales performance for the third quarter of 2008 was driven by our North America business with increases in both volume and price/mix for the quarter. Successful innovation, brand-building (advertising and consumer promotion) investment, as well as our recent price increases continued to drive the growth. Also contributing to our growth are our acquisitions including Bear Naked and the acquisition of certain assets and liabilities from the Wholesome & Hearty Foods Company which were completed in 2007. For further information on our 2008 acquisitions, refer to Note 2 within Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, which is included herein under Part I, Item 2. Management has estimated that the pro forma effect on the Company’s results of operations, as though these business combinations had been completed at the beginning of 2007, would have been immaterial. The growth in North America was partially offset by soft top-line growth in Europe and Latin America which are being impacted by the global economic slow down.
For the quarter, our North America operating segment reported strong, internal net sales growth of 9%, with each major product group contributing as follows: retail cereal +7%; retail snacks (cookies, crackers, cereal bars, toaster pastries, and fruit snacks) +10%; frozen and specialty channels (frozen foods, food service and vending) +12%. The broad based growth was driven by volume growth, strong price realization and successful innovations. Retail cereal performed well with strong results from our core brands such as Mini-Wheats, Raisin Bran Crunch and Corn Pops and innovations such as Special K Cinnamon Pecan and Mini-Wheats Blueberry Muffin. Kashi’s strong performance was lead by Go Lean Crunch Honey Almond Flax and Organic Promise. Our growth in snacks is driven from growth in volume, our previously announced price increases, and successful innovations such as Townhouse Flipsides. Core brands such as Cheez-It, Nutri-Grain and Chips Deluxe are performing well. In the quarter, our “Right Bites” 100 calorie cookie and cracker packs saw strong growth. Our frozen and specialty channels grew both volume and net sales realization with the specialty channel building upon the cereal and snacks innovation. Frozen realized strong sales due to innovations such as Bake Shop Swirlz as well as buying ahead of a previously announced price increase.
Our International operating segments collectively reported internal net sales growth of approximately 3%. Europe benefited from strong growth in the UK which was partially offset by softness in other markets impacted by the economic slow down. In Latin America, Mexico has been particularly impacted by economic weakness. Asia Pacific’s performance was strong in the third quarter led by growth from Australia and South Africa.
For the quarter, our consolidated operating profit increased 9% both on a reported basis and on an internal basis. This growth was driven by strong price realization that offset higher commodity costs as well as productivity initiatives. Third quarter operating profit also benefited from lower incremental exit-plan related charges as compared to the third quarter of 2007. As discussed in the “Exit or disposal plans” section herein, this quarter’s operating profit included $3 million of exit-plan related charges as compared to $30 million recorded in the third quarter of 2007. The net incremental impact on the operating segments is (in millions): North America-$28 (all within selling, general and administrative expense) and Europe-($1) (all within cost of goods sold).
Internal operating profit for our North America operating segment was strong due to lower exit costs; and increased sales, driven by price increases and innovation partially offset by higher commodity costs. Europe’s internal operating profit increased due to increased prices which offset higher commodity costs and selective investment of advertising and promotion spend by concentrating on the most effective means. Latin America’s operating profit decreased due to soft top line growth, increased commodity costs as well as import restrictions placed by the Venezuelan government. Internal operating profit growth in Asia Pacific was driven by its strong net sales performance.

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The following tables provide analysis of our net sales and operating profit performance for the year-to-date periods of 2008 as compared to 2007. The year-to-date net sales performance was similar to the quarter with growth driven by increased price/mix realized in North America. We are experiencing slowing growth in Latin America and Europe due to global economic conditions. Reported operating profit for the year-to-date period was up versus prior year due to sales growth and lower exit costs and other cost reduction initiatives, offset by increased commodity and fuel costs.
                                                 
    North           Latin   Asia Pacific        
(dollars in millions)   America   Europe   America   (a)   Corporate   Consolidated
 
2008 net sales
  $ 6,431     $ 2,089     $ 813     $ 556         $ 9,889  
 
2007 net sales
  $ 5,942     $ 1,801     $ 752     $ 487         $ 8,982  
 
% change — 2008 vs. 2007:
                                               
Volume (tonnage) (b)
    2.0 %     0.7 %     -3.2 %     6.9 %           1.5 %
Pricing/mix
    4.8 %     3.6 %     7.1 %     1.0 %           4.6 %
 
Subtotal — internal business
    6.8 %     4.3 %     3.9 %     7.9 %           6.1 %
Acquisitions (c)
    .9 %     5.3 %           1.3 %           1.7 %
Foreign currency impact
    .5 %     6.4 %     4.3 %     5.0 %           2.3 %
 
Total change
    8.2 %     16.0 %     8.2 %     14.2 %           10.1 %
 
                                                 
    North           Latin   Asia Pacific        
(dollars in millions)   America   Europe   America   (a)   Corporate   Consolidated
 
2008 operating profit
  $ 1,163     $ 347     $ 166     $ 79     $ (147 )   $ 1,608  
 
2007 operating profit
  $ 1,059     $ 345     $ 168     $ 65     $ (128 )   $ 1,509  
 
% change — 2008 vs. 2007:
                                               
Internal business
    9.8 %     -.7 %     -5.2 %     17.2 %     -14.8 %     5.6 %
Acquisitions (c)
    -.7 %     -.8 %           -1.7 %           -0.8 %
Foreign currency impact
    .7 %     2.3 %     4.0 %     6.6 %           1.8 %
 
Total change
    9.8 %     0.8 %     -1.2 %     22.1 %     -14.8 %     6.6 %
 
(a)   Includes Australia, Asia and South Africa.
 
(b)   We measure the volume impact (tonnage) on revenues based on the stated weight of our product shipments.
 
(c)   Impact of results for the year-to-date period ending September 27, 2008 from the acquisitions of United Bakers, Bear Naked, Specialty Cereals, Navigable Foods and certain assets and liabilities of the Wholesome & Hearty Foods Company and IndyBake Products.
Margin performance
Margin performance for the third quarter and year-to-date periods of 2008 versus 2007 are presented in the following table:
                         
                    Change  
                    vs. prior  
Quarter   2008     2007     year (pts.)  
 
Gross margin (a)
    42.7 %     44.7 %     -2.0  
 
SGA% (b)
    -26.5 %     -28.3 %     1.8  
 
Operating margin
    16.2 %     16.4 %     -0.2  
 
                         
Year-to-date   2008     2007     Change  
 
Gross margin (a)
    42.6 %     44.3 %     -1.7  
 
SGA% (b)
    -26.3 %     -27.5 %     1.2  
 
Operating margin
    16.3 %     16.8 %     -0.5  
 
(a)   Gross profit as a percentage of net sales. Gross profit is equal to net sales less cost of goods sold.
 
(b)   Selling, general and administrative expense as a percentage of net sales.
We strive for gross profit dollar growth to reinvest in brand-building and innovation expenditures. We maximize our gross profit dollars by managing external cost pressures through product pricing and mix improvements, implementing productivity savings and technological initiatives as well as entering into commodity hedges and fixed price contracts to reduce the cost of product ingredients and packaging. For the quarter, our gross profit was up $61 million, a 5% increase over the comparable 2007 period. Year-to-date gross profit was up $228 million, a 6% increase over the comparable 2007 period.

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As illustrated in the preceding table, our consolidated gross margin declined 200 basis points in the quarter and 170 basis points year-to-date versus the prior year periods. Our recent acquisitions lowered gross margin by approximately 50 basis points for both the quarter and year-to-date periods. We also continue to experience inflationary cost pressures for fuel, energy, commodities and benefits. During this period, higher costs were offset by savings from cost reduction initiatives and price increases.
For the full-year 2008, we currently expect cost pressures to be approximately 9% of prior year’s cost of goods sold. Accordingly, we believe our full year consolidated gross margin could decline by approximately 200 basis points, half of which relates to acquisitions and increased investments in exit plans and other cost reduction initiatives expected in cost of goods sold.
Exit or disposal plans
We view our continued spending on cost reduction initiatives as part of our ongoing operating principles to provide greater visibility in achieving our long-term profit growth targets. Initiatives undertaken are currently expected to recover cash implementation costs within a five-year period of completion. Each cost reduction initiative is normally up to three years in duration. Upon completion (or as each major stage is completed in the case of multi-year programs), the project begins to deliver cash savings and/or reduced depreciation. Certain of these initiatives represent exit or disposal plans for which material charges will be incurred. We include these charges in our measure of operating segment profitability.
Ongoing initiatives
We currently have two ongoing initiatives: the European manufacturing optimization plan (Manchester, England) and the reorganization of production processes to reflect changing market dynamics (Valls, Spain and Bremen, Germany). Total costs associated with these ongoing initiatives were $3 million and $2 million during the quarterly periods ended September 27, 2008 and September 29, 2007, respectively; on a year-to-date basis the costs for 2008 and 2007 amounted to $14 million and $14 million respectively. These costs were recorded in cost of goods sold and were attributable to the Europe operating segment.
We commenced the multi-year European manufacturing optimization plan in 2006 to improve utilization of our facility in Manchester, England and to better align production in Europe. Based on forecasted foreign exchange rates, we currently expect to incur approximately $55 million in total project costs. Of the $55 million in total project costs, $50 million has been incurred to date, of which $21 million represented costs related to employee severance. Refer to page 39 of the Company’s 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information on this initiative.
The following tables present quarter and year-to-date project costs for our European manufacturing optimization plan. There were no exit cost reserves for this project at September 27, 2008 and December 29, 2007.
                                 
    Project costs
    Quarter ended   Year-to-date period ended
(millions)   September 27, 2008   September 29, 2007   September 27, 2008   September 29, 2007
 
Employee severance
  $     $     $ 3     $ 7  
Other cash costs (a)
    1       2       2       4  
Asset write-offs (b)
                (4 )     3  
Retirement benefits (c)
                2        
 
Total
  $ 1     $ 2     $ 3     $ 14  
 
(a)   Primarily includes expenditures for equipment removal and relocation, and temporary contracted services to facilitate employee transitions.
 
(b)   Net of gain on the sale of assets previously written down to estimated fair market value less cost to sell.
 
(c)   Pension plan curtailment losses and special termination benefits recognized under SFAS No. 88 “Accounting for Settlements and Curtailments of Defined Benefit Pension Plans and for Termination Benefits.”
We commenced the reorganization of certain production processes at our plants in Valls, Spain and Bremen, Germany in October 2007. Based on forecasted foreign exchange rates, we expect to incur approximately $20 million of total project costs, comprised primarily of asset write-offs, employee separation benefits and other cash costs. Of the $20 million in total project costs, $15 million has been incurred to date, of which $6 million represented costs related to employee severance. This initiative is expected to be completed by the end of 2008. Refer to page 40 of the Company’s 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information on this initiative.

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The following tables present quarter and year-to-date project costs for the reorganization of production processes at our plants in Valls, Spain and Bremen, Germany, along with a reconciliation of employee severance reserves for this initiative.
                 
    Project costs
            Year-to-date period ended
    Quarter ended   September 27,
(millions)   September 27, 2008   2008
 
Employee severance
  $     $ 4  
Asset write-offs
    2       6  
Other cash costs (a)
          1  
 
Total
  $ 2     $ 11  
 
(a)   Primarily includes expenditures for equipment removal and relocation, and legal and consulting fees to facilitate
employee transitions.
         
    Employee severance
(millions)   reserves
 
December 29, 2007
  $ 2  
Accruals
    4  
Payments
    (5 )
 
September 27, 2008
  $ 1  
 
2007 initiative
Selling, general, and administrative expense for the quarter and year-to-date periods ended September 29, 2007, included total exit plan-related charges of $28 million and $66 million respectively. These costs were recorded in our North America operating segment and related to the reorganization of our direct store-door delivery (DSD) operations in the southeastern United States. This initiative has been completed.
Other cost reduction initiatives
During the second quarter of 2008 we incurred $17 million of expense associated with other cost reduction initiatives related to the elimination of the accelerated ownership feature of certain employee stock options. Refer to Note 8 within Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, which is included herein under Part I, Item 2 for further information. This expense was recorded in selling, general and administrative expense within corporate operating profit.
We incurred $10 million of expense during the first quarter of 2008 in connection with a payment for the restructuring of our labor force at a manufacturing facility in Mexico. This cost was recorded in cost of goods sold and was attributable to the Latin America operating segment.
Interest expense
For the quarter ended September 27, 2008, interest expense was $71 million and interest income (which is recorded within other income) was $5 million, as compared to the quarter ended September 29, 2007 with interest expense of $79 million and interest income of $6 million.
For the year-to-date period ended September 27, 2008, interest expense was $230 million and interest income (which is recorded within other income) was $15 million, as compared to the year-to-date period ended September 29, 2007 with interest expense of $233 million and interest income of $15 million. For the full year of 2008, we currently expect interest expense, net of interest income, to approximate the 2007 level.
Income taxes
The consolidated effective income tax rate was approximately 28% for the quarter ended September 27, 2008, as compared to 27% for the comparable quarter of 2007. The third quarter 2008 provision for income taxes was positively impacted by various individually insignificant provision-to-return adjustments. The third quarter 2007 effective income tax rate was positively impacted by statutory rate reductions as discussion on page 52 of the Company’s 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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For the year-to-date period ended September 27, 2008, the consolidated effective income tax rate was 29%, as compared to 28% for the comparable prior year-to-date period.
For the full year 2008, we currently expect the consolidated effective income tax rate to be approximately 30%. Our estimate of effective income tax rate for any period is highly influenced by country mix of earnings, changes in statutory tax rates, timing of implementation of tax planning initiatives, and developments which affect our evaluation of uncertain tax positions.
Liquidity and capital resources
Overview
Our principal source of liquidity is operating cash flows, supplemented by borrowings for major acquisitions and other significant transactions. Our cash-generating capability is one of our fundamental strengths and provides us with substantial financial flexibility in meeting operating and investing needs.
During the third quarter of 2008 and thereafter, global capital and credit markets, including commercial paper markets, experienced increased volatility and disruption. Despite this volatility and disruption, we continued to have access to commercial paper.
Beginning in mid-September 2008, interest rates on our commercial paper borrowings increased by an average of 200 basis points. This was the result of an increase in the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR), which is the benchmark used to determine the interest rate charged on commercial paper. LIBOR, which is based on the interest rate that banks pay one another for short term borrowings, increased in response to the turmoil in the markets. We do not expect the increase in interest rates on commercial paper to have a significant impact on our full-year 2008 interest expense.
If needed, we have additional sources of liquidity available to us. These sources include our short-term lines of credit, our access to public debt and/or equity markets, and the ability to sell trade receivables. Our Five-Year Credit Agreement, which expires in 2011, allows us to borrow, on a revolving credit basis, up to $2.0 billion. This source of liquidity is unused and available on an unsecured basis. Further information on our credit facilities is located on page 44 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K.
We believe that our operating cash flow, together with our credit facilities and other available debt financing, will be adequate to meet our operating, investing and financing needs in the foreseeable future.
We monitor the financial strength of our third-party financial institutions, including those that hold our cash and cash equivalents as well as those who serve as counterparties to derivative financial instruments and other arrangements.
There can be no assurance that continued or increased volatility and disruption in the global capital and credit markets will not impair our ability to access these markets.
Operating activities
The principal source of our operating cash flow is net earnings, meaning cash receipts from the sale of our products, net of costs to manufacture and market our products. Our cash conversion cycle (defined as days of inventory and trade receivables outstanding less days of trade payables outstanding) is relatively short, equating to approximately 22 days for the trailing 365-day period ended September 27, 2008. This represents a reduction of approximately 3 days when compared with the comparable prior year period, due primarily to an increase in 2008 in the days of trade payables outstanding.

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The following table presents the major components of our operating cash flow during the current and prior year-to-date periods:
                         
    Year-to-date period ended    
    September 27,   September 29,   Change versus
(dollars in millions)   2008   2007   prior year
 
Operating activities
                       
Net earnings
  $ 969     $ 927     $ 42  
 
                       
Items in net earnings not requiring (providing) cash:
                       
Depreciation and amortization
    274       275       (1 )
Deferred income taxes
    (12 )     (114 )     102  
Other (a)
    122       138       (16 )
 
Net Earnings after non-cash items
    1,353       1,226       127  
 
 
                       
Pension and other postretirement benefit plan contributions
    (60 )     (42 )     (18 )
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
                       
Core working capital (b)
    (118 )     (118 )      
Other working capital
    13       187       (174 )
 
 
    (105 )     69       (174 )
 
Net cash provided by operating activities
  $ 1,188     $ 1,253     $ (65 )
 
(a)   Consists principally of non-cash expense accruals for employee compensation and benefit obligations.
 
(b)   Inventory and trade receivables less trade payables.
Our net cash provided by operating activities for the year-to-date period ended September 27, 2008 was $65 million lower than the comparable period in 2007, due primarily to an unfavorable year-over-year variance in other working capital partially offset by the impact of changes in deferred income taxes. The unfavorable variance in other working capital was attributable in large part to an increase in cash paid in 2008 for advertising and promotion. To a lesser extent, this unfavorable year-over-year variance in other working capital reflected cash outflows in connection with United Bakers, the Russian business we acquired in the first quarter of 2008.
Our pension and postretirement benefit plan contributions amounted to $60 million for the year-to-date period ended September 27, 2008. Recent adverse conditions in the equity markets have caused the actual rate of return on our pension and postretirement plan assets to be significantly below our assumed long-term rate of return of 8.9 percent. As a result, we are reevaluating our funding levels for the remainder of 2008, and our full-year 2008 contribution may exceed our original projection of $65 million.
Our management measure of cash flow is defined as net cash provided by operating activities reduced by expenditures for property additions. We use this non-GAAP financial measure of cash flow to focus management and investors on the amount of cash available for debt repayment, dividend distributions, acquisition opportunities, and share repurchases. Our cash flow metric is reconciled to the most comparable GAAP measure, as follows:
                         
    Year-to-date period ended   Change
    September 27,   September 29,   versus
(dollars in millions)   2008   2007   prior year
 
Net cash provided by operating activities
  $ 1,188     $ 1,253       -5.2 %
Additions to properties
    (295 )     (292 )        
 
Cash flow
  $ 893     $ 961       -7.1 %
 
For full year 2008, we are targeting cash flow (as defined) ranging from $1 billion to $1.075 billion.

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Investing activities
Our net cash used by investing activities for the year-to-date period ended September 27, 2008 amounted to $496 million, an increase of $200 million when compared with $296 million in the comparable prior year period. The increase was primarily attributable to cash outflows of $212 million associated with the Company’s acquisitions during the year-to-date period ended September 27, 2008. Acquisitions are discussed in Note 2 within Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
For 2008, we expect total property additions to be approximately 4% of net sales, which is consistent with our actual spending rate for 2007 and our long-term target for capital spending.
Financing activities
Our net cash used by financing activities for the year-to-date period ended September 27, 2008 amounted to $508 million, a decrease of $278 million when compared with $786 million for the year-to-date period ended September 29, 2007.
As discussed in Note 7 within Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, we issued $750 million of five-year 4.25% fixed rate U.S. Dollar Notes in March 2008. We used proceeds of $746 million from issuance of this long-term debt to retire a portion of our commercial paper. In conjunction with this March 2008 debt issuance, we entered into interest rate swaps with notional amounts totaling $750 million, which effectively converted this debt from a fixed rate to a floating rate obligation for the duration of the five-year term.
We also had cash outflows of $465 million in connection with the repayment of five-year U.S. Dollar Notes at maturity on June 1, 2008. The debt had an effective interest rate of 3.35%.
Financing activity in the year-to-date period ended September 29, 2007 involved the redemption of $728 million of Euro denominated long-term debt, offset in large part by a $566 million increase in commercial paper.
During the year-to-date period ended September 27, 2008, we spent $650 million to purchase approximately 13 million shares of our common stock, while share repurchases in the comparable period of 2007 amounted to $417 million. During the third quarter of 2008, our Board of Directors authorized an additional $500 million share repurchase, which we expect to execute in 2009.
On September 16, 2008, we paid a quarterly dividend to shareholders of $0.34 per common share, which represented a 10% increase from the previous level of $0.31 per common share paid during the four preceding quarterly periods. Increasing the dividend rate is consistent with our plan to maintain our annual dividend pay-out ratio in a range of 40% to 50% of full-year reported net earnings. In October 2008, our Board of Directors declared another dividend of $0.34 per common share, payable December 16, 2008, to shareholders of record at the close of business on December 3, 2008.
We continue to believe that we will be able to meet our interest and principal repayment obligations and maintain our debt covenants for the foreseeable future, while still meeting our operational needs, including the pursuit of selected bolt-on acquisitions. This will be accomplished through our strong cash flow, our program of issuing short-term debt, and maintaining our credit facilities on a global basis.

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Critical accounting policies and estimates
On pages 23-27 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 29, 2007, we identified certain policies and estimates that require significant judgments and assumptions likely to have a material impact on our financial statements. As disclosed therein, accounting for stock compensation under SFAS No. 123(R) represents a critical accounting estimate, which requires significant judgments and assumptions likely to have a material impact on our financial statements.
Until April 25, 2008, reload options were awarded to eligible employees and directors to replace previously-owned Company stock used by those individuals to pay the exercise price, including related employment taxes, of vested pre-2004 option awards containing the accelerated ownership feature (AOF). The reload options were immediately vested with an expiration date which was the same as the original option grant. Under SFAS No. 123(R), these reload options resulted in additional compensation expense in the year of grant.
On April 25, 2008, the Company eliminated the AOF from all outstanding stock options. Stock options that contained the AOF included the vested pre-2004 option awards and all reload options. As a result of this action, we will no longer award reload options and will no longer need to determine the grant-date fair value of stock options that are the result of reloads.
The modification of the stock options that contained the AOF is further discussed in Note 8 within Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Forward-looking statements
This Management’s Discussion and Analysis contains “forward-looking statements” with projections concerning, among other things, our strategy, financial principles, and plans; initiatives, improvements and growth; sales, gross margins, advertising, promotion, merchandising, brand building, operating profit, and earnings per share; innovation; investments in business acquisitions; capital expenditures; asset write-offs and expenditures and costs related to productivity or efficiency initiatives; the impact of accounting changes and significant accounting estimates; our ability to meet interest and debt principal repayment obligations; minimum contractual obligations; future common stock repurchases or debt reduction; effective income tax rate; cash flow and core working capital improvements; interest expense; commodity, fuel, and energy prices; and employee benefit plan costs and funding. Forward-looking statements include predictions of future results or activities and may contain the words “expect,” “believe,” “will,” “will deliver,” “anticipate,” “project,” “should,” or words or phrases of similar meaning. Our actual results or activities may differ materially from these predictions. Our future results could be affected by a variety of factors, including:
  the impact of competitive conditions;
  the effectiveness of pricing, advertising, and promotional programs;
  the success of innovation and new product introductions;
  the recoverability of the carrying value of goodwill and other intangibles;
  the success of productivity improvements and business transitions;
  fuel, energy and commodity (ingredient and packaging) prices;
  labor, wage and benefit costs;
  the availability of and interest rates on short-term and long-term financing;
  actual market performance of benefit plan trust investments;
  the levels of spending on systems initiatives, properties, business opportunities, integration of acquired businesses, and other general and administrative costs;
  changes in consumer behavior and preferences;
  the effect of U.S. and foreign economic conditions on items such as interest rates, taxes and tariffs, currency conversion and availability;
  legal and regulatory factors;
  business disruption or other losses from war, terrorist acts, or political unrest; and,
  the risks and uncertainties described herein under Part II, Item 1A.
Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they were made, and we undertake no obligation to publicly update them.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Our Company is exposed to certain market risks, which exist as a part of our ongoing business operations. We use derivative financial and commodity instruments, where appropriate, to manage these risks. We monitor the financial strength of our third-party financial institutions, including those that hold our cash and cash equivalents as well as those who serve as counterparties to derivative financial instruments and other arrangements.
Refer to disclosures contained on pages 28-29 of our 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Other than changes noted here, there have been no material changes in the Company’s market risk as of September 27, 2008.
The total notional amount of foreign currency derivative instruments at September 27, 2008 was $833 million, representing a settlement receivable of $6 million. The total notional amount of foreign currency derivative instruments at December 29, 2007 was $570 million, representing a settlement obligation of $9 million.
The total notional amount of commodity derivative instruments at September 27, 2008, including natural gas swaps, was $317 million, representing a settlement obligation of approximately $9 million. The total notional amount of commodity derivative instruments at December 29, 2007, including natural gas swaps, was $229 million, with a fair value of $22 million.
In some instances we have reciprocal collateralization agreements with our counterparties regarding fair value positions in excess of certain thresholds. These agreements call for the posting of collateral in the form of cash, treasury securities or letters of credit if a fair value loss position to our counterparties or us exceeds a certain amount. There were no collateral balance requirements at September 27, 2008 or December 29, 2007.
In connection with the issuance of U.S. Dollar Notes on March 6, 2008, we entered into interest rate swaps. Refer to disclosures contained in Note 7 within Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure under Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e). Disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, rather than absolute, assurance of achieving the desired control objectives.
As of September 27, 2008, we carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on the foregoing, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.
During the last fiscal quarter, there have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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KELLOGG COMPANY
PART II — OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1A. Risk Factors
There have been no material changes in our risk factors from those disclosed in Part I, Item 1A to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 29, 2007. The risk factors disclosed under this Part II, Item 1A and in Part I, Item 1A to our Annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 29, 2007, in addition to the other information set forth in this Report, could materially affect our business, financial condition, or results. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we deem to be immaterial could also materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
(c) Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
(millions, except per share data)
                                 
                    (c) Total Number   (d) Approximate
                    of Shares   Dollar Value of
                    Purchased as   Shares that May
                    Part of Publicly   Yet Be
    (a) Total Number           Announced   Purchased Under
    of Shares   (b) Average Price   Plans or   the Plans or
Period   Purchased   Paid Per Share   Programs   Programs
Month #4:
                               
06/29/08-07/26/08
                  $ 500  
Month #5:
                               
07/27/08-08/23/08
                    $ 500  
Month #6:
                               
08/24/08-09/27/08
                    $ 500  
               
Total
                       
               
On July 25, 2008, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of $500 million of Kellogg common stock during 2008 and 2009 for general corporate purposes and to offset issuances for employee benefit programs. No purchases were made under this program during the third quarter of 2008.
Item 6. Exhibits
     (a) Exhibits:
  31.1   Rule 13a-14(e)/15d-14(a) Certification from A.D. David Mackay
 
  31.2   Rule 13a-14(e)/15d-14(a) Certification from John A. Bryant
 
  32.1   Section 1350 Certification from A.D. David Mackay
 
  32.2   Section 1350 Certification from John A. Bryant

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KELLOGG COMPANY
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
         
  KELLOGG COMPANY
 
 
  /s/ J. A. Bryant    
  J. A. Bryant   
  Principal Financial Officer;
Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer and
Chief Financial Officer 
 
 
     
  /s/ A. R. Andrews    
  A. R. Andrews   
  Principal Accounting Officer;
Vice President — Corporate Controller
 
Date: November 3, 2008

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KELLOGG COMPANY
EXHIBIT INDEX
         
        Electronic (E)
        Paper (P)
        Incorp. By
Exhibit No.   Description   Ref. (IBRF)
 
       
31.1
  Rule 13a-14(e)/15d-14(a) Certification from A. D. David Mackay   E
 
       
31.2
  Rule 13a-14(e)/15d-14(a) Certification from John A. Bryant   E
 
       
32.1
  Section 1350 Certification from A. D. David Mackay   E
 
       
32.2
  Section 1350 Certification from John A. Bryant   E

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