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Skyward Group Reports Third Quarter 2026 Results

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HOUSTON, Nov. 05, 2026 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Skyward Specialty Insurance Group, Inc. (Nasdaq: SKWD) (“Skyward Group” or the “Company”) today reported third quarter 2026 results.

Summary Financial Data        
($ in thousands, except per share amounts) Three months ended September 30, Nine months ended September 30,
unaudited 2026
 2025
 2026
 2025
Managed premiums(1) $ 1,320,600  $ 1,174,191  $ 3,346,984  $ 2,884,425 
Gross written premiums(1)(2) $ 803,485  $ 737,288  $ 2,211,743  $ 1,985,719 
Fee generating gross written premiums(1)(2) $ 517,115  $ 436,903  $ 1,135,241  $ 898,706 
Net written premiums $ 501,778  $ 441,167  $ 1,420,277  $ 1,123,651 
Net income $ 49,796  $ 45,901  $ 148,565  $ 126,798 
Net operating income(3) $ 58,486  $ 44,228  $ 174,577  $ 119,512 
Diluted earnings per share $ 1.09   $ 1.10   $ 3.26   $ 3.03  
Diluted operating earnings per share $ 1.28   $ 1.05   $ 3.83   $ 2.84  
Annualized ROE (4)   15.7 %   19.7 %   17.3 %   19.3 %
Annualized operating ROE (5)   18.4 %   19.0 %   20.4 %   18.2 %
(1) Select third quarter 2025 metrics for the Skyward Group and Apollo are presented on a pro forma basis for comparative purposes only and are not necessarily indicative of the operating results that Skyward Group would have recognized had the acquisition actually been completed on January 1, 2025. Pro forma information is unaudited.
(2) Prior year pro forma gross written premiums are adjusted for the impact of the change in participations. See “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures”.
(3) See “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures”
(4) Annualized ROE is net income expressed on an annualized basis as a percentage of average beginning and ending stockholders' equity during the period.
(5) Annualized operating ROE is operating income expressed on an annualized basis as a percentage of average beginning and ending stockholders' equity during the period.
         

Highlights for the third quarter included:

  • Managed premiums increased 12.5%(2) compared to 2025;
  • Gross written premiums increased 9.0%(1)(2) compared to 2025;
  • Fee-generating gross written premiums(1)(2) increased 18.4% compared to 2025;
  • Combined ratio of 89.9%;
  • Ex-Cat combined ratio of 88.1%;
  • Annualized return on equity(4) and annualized operating return on equity(5) of 17.3% and 20.4%, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2026; and,
  • Book value per share of $28.74, an increase of 15.3% compared to December 31, 2025.

Skyward Group Chairman and CEO Andrew Robinson commented, “The outstanding quarter and year to date performance reflects the strength of the Skyward Group Rule Our NicheTM strategy and the benefits of the diversified portfolio we have built. Through the first nine months of the year, we have delivered an annualized operating ROE of over 20% while growing managed premiums by 16%. In the quarter, gross written premiums grew 9.0%, while fee-generating gross written premiums increased 18%. The diversity of our portfolio and the complementary strength of our capital-light, fee-based platform continue to be meaningful differentiators, providing multiple avenues for profitable growth and enabling us to remain disciplined in deploying capital toward the most compelling opportunities as market conditions evolve. Across Skyward Group, we continue to execute at a high level, and we remain well positioned to continue to deliver top-quartile financial returns for our shareholders.”

Results of Operations

Gross Written Premiums By Underwriting Division

($ in thousands) Three months ended September 30, Nine months ended September 30,
  2026
 2025
 % Change 2026
 2025
 % Change
Skyward Specialty Segment            
Accident & Health $ 99,131  $ 63,147  57.0% $ 286,596 $ 186,805 53.4%
Captives   50,185    67,956  (26.2)%   172,350   211,879 (18.7)%
Credit & Surety   67,210    52,785  27.3%   195,143   152,944 27.6%
Energy Solutions   55,646    66,576  (16.4)%   167,202   216,992 (22.9)%
Global Agriculture   192,161    159,057  20.8%   406,452   296,853 36.9%
Global Property   22,318    27,649  (19.3)%   127,944   158,327 (19.2)%
Professional Lines   31,323    34,637  (9.6)%   102,529   112,409 (8.8)%
Strategic Distribution Partners   109,565    82,771  32.4 %   315,773   231,401 36.5%
Transactional E&S   40,745    50,950  (20.0)%   143,105   156,417 (8.5)%
Total continuing business $ 668,284  $ 605,528  10.4% $ 1,917,094 $ 1,724,027 11.2%
Exited business   (2)   981 NM(1)   765   2,722 NM(1)
Total Skyward Specialty Segment gross written premiums $ 668,282  $ 606,509  10.2% $ 1,917,859 $ 1,726,749 11.1%
Apollo Segment(2)(3)            
Syndicate 1969   67,520    61,105  10.5%   191,959   160,164 19.9%
Syndicate 1971   67,683    69,674  (2.9)%   101,925   98,806 3.2%
Total Apollo Segment gross written premiums   135,203    130,779 3.4%   293,884   258,970 13.5%
Total gross written premiums(2)(3) $ 803,485  $ 737,288 9.0% $ 2,211,743 $ 1,985,719 11.4%
             
(1) Not meaningful.            
(2) Prior year information is pro forma.
(3) Prior year information is adjusted for the impact of the change in participations. See “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures”.
             

Effective in the third quarter, the Company renamed the Specialty Programs division to Strategic Distribution Partners (or “Strategic “Distribution”) to better reflect the breadth of its distribution model, the Company’s ownership interests in many of these distributors, and its ability to incorporate U.S. distribution activities related to ibott within the division.

Managed Premiums

Apollo provides managing agency services to nine syndicates within its Lloyd’s platform. The capital-aligned syndicates, Syndicate 1969, Syndicate 1971 and Syndicate 1972, are wholly managed and partly capitalized by Apollo with Apollo retaining a portion of the underwriting risk via its Lloyd's Corporate Member, Apollo No. 16. Platform Partner syndicates are managed by Apollo on behalf of third‑party partners and Apollo does not currently provide capital for underwriting of these syndicates. Because managed premiums are a key management operating metric intended to reflect the scale of business managed by Apollo, inter-syndicate reinsurance transactions, including those involving Syndicate 1972 and other Apollo-managed syndicates, are not eliminated in the calculation of managed premiums. Apollo receives managing agency fees and performance‑based income for its managing agency services from all syndicates on its Lloyd's platform.

($ in thousands) Three months ended September 30, Nine months ended September 30,
  2026
 2025
 % Change 2026
 2025
 % Change
Total gross written premiums(1)(2) $ 803,485 $ 737,288 9.0% $ 2,211,743 $ 1,985,719 11.4%
Fee generating gross written premiums(1)(2):            
Aligned Syndicates(3)   401,468   369,548 8.6%   855,183   717,178 19.2%
Partner Syndicates(3)   115,647   67,355 71.7%   280,058   181,528 54.3%
Total fee generating gross written premiums $ 517,115 $ 436,903 18.4% $ 1,135,241 $ 898,706 26.3%
Total Skyward Group managed premiums $ 1,320,600 $ 1,174,191 12.5% $ 3,346,984 $ 2,884,425 16.0%
             
(1) Prior year information is pro forma.
(2) Prior year information is adjusted for the impact of the change in participations. See “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures”.
(3) During the third quarter of 2026, the Company reclassified fee generating gross written premiums attributable to Syndicate 1972 from Partner Syndicates to Aligned Syndicates. Year to date 2026 amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.
             

Underwriting Results

($ in thousands) Three Months Ended September 30, 2026 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2026
                 
  Skyward Specialty Apollo Corporate Total Skyward Specialty Apollo Corporate Total
Revenues:                
Net earned premiums $329,958  $76,906  $—  $406,864  $1,072,247  $213,096  $—  $1,285,343 
Underwriting fee income  —   11,000   —   11,000   —   33,666   —   33,666 
Commission and fee income  3,118   —   —   3,118   6,979   —   —   6,979 
Total revenues  333,076   87,906   —   420,982   1,079,226   246,762   —   1,325,988 
Expenses:                
Losses and loss adjustment expenses  206,413   44,623   —   251,036   671,611   121,389   —   793,000 
Underwriting, acquisition and insurance expenses  88,051   24,986   4,965   118,002   279,145   72,506   14,246   365,897 
Fee‑based service expenses  —   4,075   —   4,075   —   12,807   —   12,807 
Total expenses  294,464   73,684   4,965   373,113   950,756   206,702   14,246   1,171,704 
Underwriting Income $38,612  $14,222  $—  $47,869  $128,470  $40,060  $—  $154,284 
                 
Combined Ratio                
Non-cat loss and LAE  61.1%  55.2%  —%  59.9%  60.9%  54.3%  —%  59.9%
Cat loss and LAE  1.5%  2.8%  —%  1.8%  1.7%  2.7%  —%  1.8%
Loss Ratio  62.6%  58.0%  —%  61.7%  62.6%  57.0%  —%  61.7%
Net policy acquisition costs  14.2%  19.0%  —%  15.2%  14.2%  19.4%  —%  14.9%
Other operating and general expenses  12.4%  13.5%  —%  12.6%  11.9%  14.6%  —%  12.4%
Commission and fee income  (0.9
)%  —%  —%  (0.8
)%  (0.7
)%  —%  —%  (0.5
)%
Corporate expenses(1)  —%  —%  1.2%  1.2%  —%  —%  1.1%  1.1%
Expense ratio  25.7%  32.5%  1.2%  28.2%  25.4%  34.0%  1.1%  27.9%
Combined ratio  88.3%  90.5%  —%  89.9%  88.0%  91.0%  —%  89.6%
Ex-Cat Combined Ratio  86.8%  87.7%  —%  88.1%  86.3%  88.3%  —%  87.8%
(1) Calculated using consolidated net earned premiums


($ in thousands) Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
             
  Skyward Specialty Corporate Total Skyward Specialty Corporate Total
Revenues:            
Net earned premiums $351,797  $—  $351,797  $947,705  $—  $947,705 
Commission and fee income  1,904   —   1,904   6,440   —   6,440 
Total revenues  353,701   —   353,701   954,145   —   954,145 
Expenses:            
Losses and loss adjustment expenses  213,780   —   213,780   582,351   —   582,351 
Underwriting, acquisition and insurance expenses  98,079   3,597   101,676   263,083   10,740   273,823 
Total expenses  311,859   3,597   315,456   845,434   10,740   856,174 
Underwriting Income $41,842  $—  $38,245  $108,711  $—  $97,971 
             
Combined Ratio            
Non-cat loss and LAE  60.2%  —%  60.2%  60.1%  —%  60.1%
Cat loss and LAE  0.6%  —%  0.6%  1.3%  —%  1.3%
Loss Ratio  60.8%  —%  60.8%  61.4%  —%  61.4%
Net policy acquisition costs  13.9%  —%  14.0%  14.6%  —%  14.6%
Other operating and general expenses  13.9%  —%  13.9%  13.2%  —%  13.2%
Commission and fee income  (0.5)%  —%  (0.5)%  (0.7)%  —%  (0.7)%
Corporate expenses(1)  —%  1.0%  1.0%  —%  1.1%  1.1%
Expense ratio  27.3%  1.0%  28.4%  27.1%  1.1%  28.2%
Combined ratio  88.1%  —%  89.2%  88.5%  —%  89.6%
Ex-Cat Combined Ratio  87.5%  —%  88.6%  87.2%  —%  88.3%
(1) Calculated using consolidated net earned premiums

The Skyward Specialty segment loss and LAE ratios for the third quarter and first nine months of 2026 increased 1.8 points and 1.2 points, respectively, when compared to the same 2025 periods primarily due to shifts in business mix driven by growth in the accident & health and global agriculture divisions. Both the Skyward Specialty and Apollo segments were impacted by catastrophe losses in the third quarter, predominantly convective storm activity.

The Skyward Group expense ratios for the third quarter and first nine months of 2026 improved when compared to the same 2025 periods. The Skyward Specialty segment’s expense ratios improved 1.6 points and 1.7 points, respectively, when compared to the same 2025 periods, driven by business mix shift, enhanced operating efficiencies, and scale as net earned premiums outpaced expense growth. In the first quarter of 2026, the Company revised its expense presentation to report corporate expenses separately from segment expenses following the closing of the Apollo acquisition. The prior year period has been recast to reflect this change.

Investment Results

Net Investment Income        
$ in thousands Three months ended September 30, Nine months ended September 30,
(unaudited) 2026
 2025
 2026
 2025
Short-term investments $2,381  $3,268  $7,338  $10,182 
Cash and cash equivalents  2,690   695   6,932   2,595 
Fixed income  30,338   20,806   87,013   55,358 
Alternative & strategic investments  (1,530)  (2,755)  (9,622)  (7,995)
Net investment income $33,879  $22,014  $91,661  $60,140 
Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities still held $2,444  $(8,987) $6,146  $(6,677)
Net realized (losses) gains  (1,978)  16,034   (3,096)  23,564 
Net investment gains $466  $7,047  $3,050  $16,887 
         

In the first quarter of 2026, the Company revised its presentation of net investment income to (i) report short-term investments separately from cash and cash equivalents following the closing of the Apollo acquisition, and (ii) include equities in alternative & strategic investments after the sale of the majority of the equity portfolio in 2025. The prior year period has been recast to reflect this change.

Net investment income for the third quarter and first nine months of 2026 increased $11.9 million and $31.5 million, respectively, when compared to the same 2025 periods, driven by the addition of the Apollo portfolio, a higher yield, and a larger asset base. The increase in income from cash and cash equivalents was due to an overall increase in the invested asset base from the addition of Apollo when compared to the same 2025 periods.

The alternative & strategic investments portfolio continued to be impacted by the decline in the fair value of limited partnership investments.

Stockholders’ Equity

Stockholders’ equity was $1,276.3 million at September 30, 2026 which represented an increase of 0.7% when compared to stockholders' equity of $1,267.5 million at June 30, 2026. The increase in stockholders’ equity was primarily attributable to net income, partially offset by unrealized losses on available-for-sale investment securities.

Conference Call

At 10:00 a.m. eastern time tomorrow, November 6, 2026, Company management will hold a conference call to discuss quarterly results with insurance industry analysts. Interested parties may listen to the discussion at investors.skywardinsurance.com under Events & Presentations. Additionally, investors can access the earnings call via conference call by registering via the conference link available on our website. Users will receive dial-in information and a unique PIN to join the call upon registering.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

This release contains certain financial measures and ratios that are not required by, or presented in accordance with, generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”). We refer to these measures as “non-GAAP financial measures.” The non-GAAP financial measures included in this release are operating income, basic and diluted operating earnings per share, annualized operating return on equity, underwriting income, tangible stockholders’ equity, annualized return on tangible equity, annualized operating return on tangible equity, adjusted pro forma gross written premiums and adjusted pro forma fee generating gross written premiums. This release also includes managed premiums, a key management operating metric representing the sum of gross written premiums and fee generating gross written premiums. We use these non-GAAP financial measures when planning, monitoring, and evaluating our performance.

We consider these non-GAAP financial measures to be useful metrics for our management and investors to facilitate operating performance comparisons from period to period. While we believe that these non-GAAP financial measures are useful in evaluating our business, this information should be considered supplemental in nature and is not meant to be a substitute for revenue or net income, in each case as recognized in accordance with GAAP. In addition, other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate such measures differently, which reduces their usefulness as comparative measures. For more information regarding these non-GAAP financial measures and a reconciliation of such measures to comparable GAAP financial measures, see the section entitled “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”

About Skyward Specialty Insurance Group, Inc.

Skyward Group is the holding company brand for its U.S. and U.K. businesses, Skyward Specialty Insurance Group, Inc.® and Apollo, respectively, delivering a comprehensive suite of specialized insurance solutions across global specialty property and casualty markets. Focused on the specialty industry’s most niche, complex risks of today and the emerging challenges of tomorrow, Skyward Group leverages the forward-looking insight and disciplined execution of each organization to drive sustainable growth and long-term value for its shareholders, distribution partners, and other stakeholders.

For more information about Skyward Group, Skyward Specialty and Apollo, please visit skywardgroup.com. 

Forward-Looking Statements

Except for historical information, this news release and statements made on the related conference call, contain consists of forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The forward-looking statements are typically, but not always, identified through use of the words “believe,” “expect,” “enable,” “may,” “will,” “could,” “intends,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “predict,” “probable,” “potential,” “positioned,” “possible,” “should,” “continue,” and other words of similar meaning. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected, anticipated or implied. The most significant of these uncertainties are described in Skyward Group's most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and include (but are not limited to) legislative and regulatory changes in the U.S. at both the state and federal level and in the U.K., class action litigation involving the insurance industry and judicial decisions affecting claims, policy coverages and the general costs of doing business, the potential loss of key members of our management team or key employees and our ability to attract and retain personnel, the impact of competition on products and pricing, inflation in the costs of the products and services insurance pays for, product development, geographic spread of risk, weather and weather-related events, other types of catastrophic events, our ability to obtain reinsurance coverage at prices and on terms that allow us to transfer risk and adequately protect our company against financial loss, losses resulting from reinsurance counterparties failing to pay us on reinsurance claims, our ability to successfully integrate Apollo and realize the anticipated benefits of the acquisition, risks related to our Lloyd’s operations, including changes in syndicate participations and Lloyd’s regulatory requirements, changes in interest rates, credit markets and the value of our investment portfolio, and fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rate. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this release and the Company does not undertake any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking information to reflect changes in assumptions, the occurrence of unanticipated events, or otherwise.

Skyward Specialty Insurance Group, Inc.

Investor Contact
Jordan Arnold
Skyward Specialty Insurance Group
346-215-0250
jarnold@skywardinsurance.com 

Media Contact
Haley Doughty
Skyward Specialty Insurance Group
713-935-4944
hdoughty@skywardinsurance.com 


Consolidated Balance Sheets    
($ in thousands, except share and per share amounts)    
(unaudited) September 30,
2026
 December 31,
2025
Assets    
Investments:    
Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale, at fair value (net of allowance for credit losses of $5,910 and $7,000, respectively) (amortized cost of $2,265,283 and $1,848,755, respectively) $2,191,576  $1,856,303
Fixed maturity securities, held-to-maturity, at amortized cost (net of allowance for credit losses of $4,228 and $468, respectively)  26,446   32,822
Equity securities, at fair value  1,088   1,174
Mortgage loans, at fair value  6,712   9,902
Equity method investments  62,686   77,365
Other long-term investments  66,847   58,650
Short-term investments, at fair value  531,449   264,299
Total investments  2,886,804   2,300,515
Cash and cash equivalents  187,615   168,544
Restricted cash  96,675   30,570
Funds at Lloyd’s  121,630   2,509
Options, at fair value  31,846   34,857
Premiums and commissions receivable, net  1,091,077   544,217
Reinsurance recoverables, net  1,460,189   1,119,880
Ceded unearned premium  389,749   238,948
Deferred policy acquisition costs and VOBA  190,373   136,100
Deferred tax assets  65,773   27,865
Goodwill and intangible assets, net  469,054   88,040
Other assets  155,661   99,807
Total assets $7,146,446  $4,791,852
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity    
Liabilities:    
Reserves for losses and loss adjustment expenses $3,208,137  $2,318,894
Unearned premiums  1,225,726   774,035
Deferred ceding commission  62,708   46,453
Reinsurance and premium payables  565,980   279,888
Funds held for others  151,163   128,003
Deferred tax liabilities  66,924   —
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities  152,910   115,034
Notes payable  417,037   100,411
Subordinated debt, net of debt issuance costs  19,593   19,569
Total liabilities  5,870,178   3,782,287
Stockholders’ equity    
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized, 44,846,532 shares issued and 44,413,449 shares outstanding at September 30, 2026; 40,511,222 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2025  448   405
Treasury stock, at cost, 433,083 and 0 shares, respectively  (19,552)  —
Additional paid-in capital  933,877   730,555
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income  (54,218)  11,457
Retained earnings  415,713   267,148
Total stockholders’ equity  1,276,268   1,009,565
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $7,146,446  $4,791,852
     


Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income
($ in thousands) Three months ended September 30, Nine months ended September 30,
(unaudited) 2026
 2025
 2026
 2025
Revenues:        
Net earned premiums $406,864  $351,797  $1,285,343  $947,705 
Underwriting fee income  11,000   —   33,666   — 
Commission and fee income  3,118   1,904   6,979   6,440 
Net investment income  33,879   22,014   91,661   60,140 
Net investment gains  466   7,047   3,050   16,887 
Other income (loss)  14   (236)  42   (216)
Total revenues  455,341   382,526   1,420,741   1,030,956 
Expenses:        
Losses and loss adjustment expenses  251,036   213,780   793,000   582,351 
Underwriting, acquisition and insurance expenses  118,002   101,676   365,897   273,823 
Fee‑based service expenses  4,075   —   12,807   — 
Interest expense  6,997   1,919   23,528   5,629 
Amortization expense  8,843   455   26,529   1,164 
Other expenses  2,744   4,149   9,703   6,212 
Total expenses  391,697   321,979   1,231,464   869,179 
Income before income taxes  63,644   60,547   189,277   161,777 
Income tax expense  13,848   14,646   40,712   34,979 
Net income $49,796  $45,901  $148,565  $126,798 
Comprehensive income:        
Net income $49,796  $45,901  $148,565  $126,798 
Other comprehensive (loss) income:        
Unrealized gains and losses on investments:        
Net change in unrealized (losses) gains on investments, net of tax  (47,742)  6,740   (65,584)  30,000 
Reclassification adjustment for gains on securities no longer held, net of tax  849   5,465   861   1,659 
Foreign currency translation adjustment  (234)  —   (952)  — 
Total other comprehensive (loss) income  (47,127)  12,205   (65,675)  31,659 
Comprehensive income $2,669  $58,106  $82,890  $158,457 
         


Share and Per Share Data         
($ in thousands, except share and per share amounts) Three months ended September 30, Nine months ended September 30,
(unaudited) 2026
 2025
 2026
 2025
Weighted average basic shares  44,405,132   40,487,069   44,462,989   40,377,864 
Weighted average diluted shares  45,799,617   41,868,449   45,618,514   41,784,976 
         
Basic earnings per share $1.12  $1.13  $3.34  $3.14 
Diluted earnings per share $1.09  $1.10  $3.26  $3.03 
Basic operating earnings per share $1.32  $1.09  $3.93  $2.94 
Diluted operating earnings per share $1.28  $1.05  $3.83  $2.84 
         
Annualized ROE (1)  15.7%  19.7%  17.3%  19.3%
Annualized operating ROE (2)  18.4%  19.0%  20.4%  18.2%
Annualized ROTE (3)  23.0%  21.8%  22.1%  21.4%
Annualized operating ROTE (4)  27.0%  21.0%  25.9%  20.2%
         
      September 30, December 31,
      2026
 2025
Shares outstanding      44,413,449   40,511,222 
Fully diluted shares outstanding      46,573,658   42,292,371 
         
Book value per share     $28.74  $24.92 
Fully diluted book value per share     $27.40  $23.87 
         
(1) Annualized ROE is net income expressed on an annualized basis as a percentage of average beginning and ending stockholders' equity during the period.
(2) Annualized operating ROE is operating income expressed on an annualized basis as a percentage of average beginning and ending stockholders' equity during the period.
(3) Annualized ROTE is net income expressed on an annualized basis as a percentage of average beginning and ending tangible stockholders' equity during the period.
(4) Annualized operating ROTE is operating income expressed on an annualized basis as a percentage of average beginning and ending tangible stockholders' equity during the period.

Operating income – We define operating income as net income excluding the impact of certain items that may not be indicative of underlying business trends, operating results, or future outlook, net of tax impact. We use operating income as an internal performance measure in the management of our operations because we believe it gives our management and other users of our financial information useful insight into our results of operations and our underlying business performance. Operating income should not be viewed as a substitute for net income calculated in accordance with GAAP, and other companies may define operating income differently. 

($ in thousands)Three months ended September 30, Nine months ended September 30,
(unaudited)2026
 2025
2026
 2025
 Pre-tax After-tax Pre-tax After-tax Pre-tax After-tax Pre-tax After-tax
Income as reported$63,644  $49,796  $60,547  $45,901  $189,277  $148,565  $161,777  $126,798 
Less (add):               
Net investment gains 466   365   7,047   5,342   3,050   2,394   16,887   13,236 
Amortization expense (8,843)  (6,919)  (455)  (345)  (26,529)  (20,823)  (1,164)  (912)
Other income (loss) 14   11   (236)  (179)  42   33   (216)  (169)
Other expenses (2,744)  (2,147)  (4,149)  (3,145)  (9,703)  (7,616)  (6,212)  (4,869)
Operating income$74,751  $58,486  $58,340  $44,228  $222,417  $174,577  $152,482  $119,512 
                

Underwriting income – We define underwriting income as net income before income taxes excluding net investment income, net realized and unrealized gains and losses on investments, impairment charges, interest expense, amortization expense and other income and expenses. Underwriting income represents the pre-tax profitability of our underwriting operations and allows us to evaluate our underwriting performance without regard to investment income. We use this metric as we believe it gives our management and other users of our financial information useful insight into our underlying business performance. Underwriting income should not be viewed as a substitute for pre-tax income calculated in accordance with GAAP, and other companies may define underwriting income differently.

($ in thousands) Three months ended September 30, Nine months ended September 30,
(unaudited) 2026
 2025
 2026
 2025
Income before income taxes $63,644 $60,547  $189,277 $161,777 
Add:        
Interest expense  6,997  1,919   23,528  5,629 
Amortization expense  8,843  455   26,529  1,164 
Other expenses  2,744  4,149   9,703  6,212 
Less:        
Net investment income  33,879  22,014   91,661  60,140 
Net investment gains  466  7,047   3,050  16,887 
Other income  14  (236)  42  (216)
Underwriting income $47,869 $38,245  $154,284 $97,971 
         

Tangible Stockholders’ Equity – We define tangible stockholders’ equity as stockholders’ equity excluding goodwill and intangible assets and the related deferred tax impact. Our definition of tangible stockholders’ equity may not be comparable to that of other companies and should not be viewed as a substitute for stockholders’ equity calculated in accordance with GAAP. We use tangible stockholders’ equity internally to evaluate the strength of our balance sheet and to compare returns relative to this measure.

($ in thousands) September 30, December 31,
(unaudited) 2026
 2025
  2025
Stockholders’ equity $ 1,276,268 $ 961,423 $ 1,009,565 
Less: Goodwill and intangible assets   469,054   88,417   88,040
Add: Deferred tax impact   65,500   —   —
Tangible stockholders’ equity $ 872,714 $ 873,006 $ 921,525
       

Adjusted pro forma gross written premiums – We define adjusted pro forma gross written premiums as pro forma gross written premiums adjusted for the impact of changes in Apollo syndicate participation. We use this measure to evaluate premium growth trends on a consistent participation basis across periods. Adjusted pro forma gross written premiums is a non-GAAP financial measure and should not be considered a substitute for gross written premiums calculated in accordance with GAAP.

$ in thousandsThree months ended September 30, 2025
 Syndicate 1969 Syndicate 1971 Total Apollo Segment Total Skyward Group
Pro forma gross written premiums$73,525  $57,449 $130,974  $737,483 
Impact of the change in participations (12,420)  12,225  (195)  (195)
Adjusted pro forma gross written premiums$61,105  $69,674 $130,779  $737,288 
        


$ in thousandsNine months ended September 30, 2025
 Syndicate 1969 Syndicate 1971 Total Apollo Segment Total Skyward Group
Pro forma gross written premiums$192,828  $86,727 $279,555  $2,006,304 
Impact of the change in participations (32,664)  12,079  (20,585)  (20,585)
Adjusted pro forma gross written premiums$160,164  $98,806 $258,970  $1,985,719 
        

Adjusted pro forma fee generating gross written premiums – We define adjusted pro forma fee generating gross written premiums as pro forma fee generating gross written premiums adjusted for the impact of changes in Apollo syndicate participation percentages. We believe this measure provides a more meaningful comparison of fee generating business on a consistent participation basis across periods. Adjusted pro forma fee generating gross written premiums is a non-GAAP financial measure and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies.

$ in thousandsThree months ended September 30, 2025
 Aligned Syndicates Partner Syndicates Total
Pro forma fee generating gross written premiums$369,353 $67,355 $436,708
Impact of the change in participations 195 N/A  195
Adjusted pro forma fee generating gross written premiums$369,548 $67,355 $436,903
      


$ in thousandsNine months ended September 30, 2025
 Aligned Syndicates Partner Syndicates Total
Pro forma fee generating gross written premiums$696,593 $181,528 $878,121
Impact of the change in participation(s) 20,585 N/A  20,585
Adjusted pro forma fee generating gross written premiums$717,178 $181,528 $898,706
      



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